1
|
Sarkar T, Salauddin M, Roy S, Chakraborty R, Rebezov M, Shariati MA, Thiruvengadam M, Rengasamy KRR. Underutilized green leafy vegetables: frontier in fortified food development and nutrition. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11679-11733. [PMID: 35816152 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2095555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
From the ancient period, Green leafy vegetables (GLV) are part of the daily diet and were believed to have several health beneficial properties. Later it has been proved that GLV has outstanding nutritional value and can be used for medicinal benefits. GLV is particularly rich in minerals like iron, calcium, and zinc. These are also rich in vitamins like beta carotene, vitamin E, K, B and vitamin C. In addition, some anti-nutritional elements in GLV can be reduced if it is grown properly and processed properly before consumption. Tropical countries have a wide variety of these green plants such as Red Spinach, Amaranth, Malabar Spinach, Taro Leaf, Fenugreek leaf, Bengal Gram Leaves, Radish Leaves, Mustard Leaves, and many more. This review focuses on listing this wide range of GLVs (in total 54 underutilized GLVs) and their compositions in a comparative manner. GLV also possesses medicinal activities due to its rich bioactive and nutritional potential. Different processing techniques may alter the nutritional and bioactive potential of the GLVs significantly. The GLVs have been considered a food fortification agent, though not explored widely. All of these findings suggest that increasing GLV consumption could provide nutritional requirements necessary for proper growth as well as adequate protection against diseases caused by malnutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Sarkar
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Malda Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, West Bengal, India
| | - Molla Salauddin
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Mir Madan Mohanlal Government Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, West Bengal, India
| | - Sarita Roy
- Department of Food Processing and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Runu Chakraborty
- Department of Food Processing and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- Department of Scientific Research, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Department of Scientific Research, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management, The First Cossack University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li D, Huang W, Huang R. Analysis of environmental pollutants using ion chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131952. [PMID: 37399723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The rise of emerging pollutants in the current environment and requirements of trace analysis in complex substrates pose challenges to modern analytical techniques. Ion chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (IC-MS) is the preferred tool for analyzing emerging pollutants due to its excellent separation ability for polar and ionic compounds with small molecular weight and high detection sensitivity and selectivity. This paper reviews the progress of sample preparation and ion-exchange IC-MS methods in the analysis of several major categories of environmental polar and ionic pollutants including perchlorate, inorganic and organic phosphorus compounds, metalloids and heavy metals, polar pesticides, and disinfection by-products in past two decades. The comparison of various methods to reduce the influence of matrix effect and improve the accuracy and sensitivity of analysis are emphasized throughout the process from sample preparation to instrumental analysis. Furthermore, the human health risks of these pollutants in the environment with natural concentration levels in different environmental medias are also briefly discussed to raise public attention. Finally, the future challenges of IC-MS for analysis of environmental pollutants are briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dazhen Li
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Universities on Environmental Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Weixiong Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, Hubei, China.
| | - Rongfu Huang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Universities on Environmental Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wieczorek D, Żyszka-Haberecht B, Kafka A, Lipok J. Determination of phosphorus compounds in plant tissues: from colourimetry to advanced instrumental analytical chemistry. PLANT METHODS 2022; 18:22. [PMID: 35184722 PMCID: PMC8859883 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-022-00854-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Although the spectrum of effective methods and techniques that allow determination of inorganic or total phosphorus is impressive, more precise analysis of these substances in plant tissues is not a routine or trivial task. The complexity of chemical composition of plant tissues treated as the analytical matrices is thought to be the main cause why there is no one answer, how appropriate phosphorus compounds may be determined qualitatively and quantitatively. Even if more advanced spectrophotometric measurements and classical variants of absorption (FAAS) or emission (ICP-AES/ ICP-OES) spectrometry techniques are used, it is necessary at first to isolate various forms of phosphorus from the matrix, and then to mineralize them prior the determination. Significant progress in such a kind of analytical efforts was brought by implementation of combined methods e.g. ETV-ICP-AES or HR-ETAAS, does allow the isolation of the phosphorus analyte and its detection during a kind of "one step" analytical procedure, directly in plant tissues. Similar benefits, regarding sensitivity of determinations, are obtained when XRF, SIMS or nanoSIMS-more expensive techniques of imaging the presence of phosphorus in biological matrices have been used. Nowadays, obviously being aware of higher limit of detection, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, especially the 31P NMR technique, is thought to be the most universal analytical tool allowing to determine various chemical forms of plant phosphorus qualitatively and quantitatively, at the same time. Although 31P NMR provides valuable information about the phosphorus profile of plants, it should be emphasized that each analytical issue related to the determination of phosphorus compounds in plant tissues and organs, requires an individual approach to defined problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Wieczorek
- Department of Pharmacy and Ecological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Beata Żyszka-Haberecht
- Department of Pharmacy and Ecological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Anna Kafka
- Department of Pharmacy and Ecological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Jacek Lipok
- Department of Pharmacy and Ecological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mohanty SR, Kumar A, Parmar R, Dubey G, Patra A, Kollah B. Do methanotrophs drive phosphorus mineralization in soil ecosystem? Can J Microbiol 2020; 67:464-475. [PMID: 33301360 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2020-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Experiments were carried out to elucidate linkage between methane consumption and mineralization of phosphorous (P) from different P sources. The treatments were (i) no CH4 + no P amendment (absolute control), (ii) with CH4 + no P amendment (control), (iii) with CH4 + inorganic P as Ca3(PO4)2, and (iv) with CH4 + organic P as sodium phytate. P sources were added at 25 µg P·(g soil)-1. Soils were incubated to undergo three repeated CH4 feeding cycles, referred to as feeding cycle I, feeding cycle II, and feeding cycle III. CH4 consumption rate k (µg CH4 consumed·(g soil)-1·day-1) was 0.297 ± 0.028 in no P amendment control, 0.457 ± 0.016 in Ca3(PO4)2, and 0.627 ± 0.013 in sodium phytate. Rate k was stimulated by 2 to 6 times over CH4 feeding cycles and followed the trend of sodium phytate > Ca3(PO4)2 > no P amendment control. CH4 consumption stimulated P solubilization from Ca3(PO4)2 by a factor of 2.86. Acid phosphatase (µg paranitrophenol released·(g soil)-1·h-1) was higher in sodium phytate than the no P amendment control. Abundance of 16S rRNA and pmoA genes increased with CH4 consumption rates. The results of the study suggested that CH4 consumption drives mineralization of unavailable inorganic and organic P sources in the soil ecosystem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Ranjan Mohanty
- Indian Institute of Soil Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Berasia Road, Nabibagh, Bhopal 462038, India
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Indian Institute of Soil Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Berasia Road, Nabibagh, Bhopal 462038, India.,National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Kushmaur, Mau, Uttar Pradesh 275101, India
| | - Rakesh Parmar
- Indian Institute of Soil Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Berasia Road, Nabibagh, Bhopal 462038, India
| | - Garima Dubey
- Indian Institute of Soil Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Berasia Road, Nabibagh, Bhopal 462038, India
| | - Ashok Patra
- Indian Institute of Soil Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Berasia Road, Nabibagh, Bhopal 462038, India
| | - Bharati Kollah
- Indian Institute of Soil Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Berasia Road, Nabibagh, Bhopal 462038, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wagner S, Hoefer C, Puschenreiter M, Wenzel WW, Oburger E, Hann S, Robinson B, Kretzschmar R, Santner J. Arsenic redox transformations and cycling in the rhizosphere of Pteris vittata and Pteris quadriaurita. ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 177:104122. [PMID: 34103771 PMCID: PMC7610922 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2020.104122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Pteris vittata (PV) and Pteris quadriaurita (PQ) are reported to hyperaccumulate arsenic (As) when grown in Asrich soil. Yet, little is known about the impact of their unique As accumulation mechanisms on As transformations and cycling at the soil-root interface. Using a combined approach of two-dimensional (2D), sub-mm scale solute imaging of arsenite (AsIII), arsenate (AsV), phosphorus (P), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe) and oxygen (O2), we found localized patterns of AsIII/AsV redox transformations in the PV rhizosphere (AsIII/AsV ratio of 0.57) compared to bulk soil (AsIII/AsV ratio of ≤0.04). Our data indicate that the high As root uptake, translocation and accumulation from the As-rich experimental soil (2080 mg kg-1) to PV fronds (6986 mg kg-1) induced As detoxification via AsV reduction and AsIII root efflux, leading to AsIII accumulation and re-oxidation to AsV in the rhizosphere porewater. This As cycling mechanism is linked to the reduction of O2 and MnIII/IV (oxyhydr)oxides resulting in decreased O2 levels and increased Mn solubilization along roots. Compared to PV, we found 4-fold lower As translocation to PQ fronds (1611 mg kg-1), 2-fold lower AsV depletion in the PQ rhizosphere, and no AsIII efflux from PQ roots, suggesting that PQ efficiently controls As uptake to avoid toxic As levels in roots. Analysis of root exudates obtained from soil-grown PV showed that As acquisition by PV roots was not associated with phytic acid release. Our study demonstrates that two closely-related As-accumulating ferns have distinct mechanisms for As uptake modulating As cycling in As-rich environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wagner
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, Rhizosphere Ecology & Biogeochemistry Group, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
- Department General, Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Chair of General and Analytical Chemistry, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Strasse 18, 8700, Leoben, Austria
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Hoefer
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, Rhizosphere Ecology & Biogeochemistry Group, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Soil Chemistry Group, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, CHN, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Puschenreiter
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, Rhizosphere Ecology & Biogeochemistry Group, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Walter W. Wenzel
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, Rhizosphere Ecology & Biogeochemistry Group, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Eva Oburger
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, Rhizosphere Ecology & Biogeochemistry Group, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Stephan Hann
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Brett Robinson
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, 20 Kirkwood Ave, Ilam, Christchurch, 8041, New Zealand
| | - Ruben Kretzschmar
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Soil Chemistry Group, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, CHN, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Santner
- Department General, Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Chair of General and Analytical Chemistry, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Strasse 18, 8700, Leoben, Austria
- Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Agronomy, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
- Corresponding author. (J. Santner)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Valeeva LR, Nyamsuren C, Sharipova MR, Shakirov EV. Heterologous Expression of Secreted Bacterial BPP and HAP Phytases in Plants Stimulates Arabidopsis thaliana Growth on Phytate. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:186. [PMID: 29515604 PMCID: PMC5826191 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Phytases are specialized phosphatases capable of releasing inorganic phosphate from myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (phytate), which is highly abundant in many soils. As inorganic phosphorus reserves decrease over time in many agricultural soils, genetic manipulation of plants to enable secretion of potent phytases into the rhizosphere has been proposed as a promising approach to improve plant phosphorus nutrition. Several families of biotechnologically important phytases have been discovered and characterized, but little data are available on which phytase families can offer the most benefits toward improving plant phosphorus intake. We have developed transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing bacterial phytases PaPhyC (HAP family of phytases) and 168phyA (BPP family) under the control of root-specific inducible promoter Pht1;2. The effects of each phytase expression on growth, morphology and inorganic phosphorus accumulation in plants grown on phytate hydroponically or in perlite as the only source of phosphorus were investigated. The most enzymatic activity for both phytases was detected in cell wall-bound fractions of roots, indicating that these enzymes were efficiently secreted. Expression of both bacterial phytases in roots improved plant growth on phytate and resulted in larger rosette leaf area and diameter, higher phosphorus content and increased shoot dry weight, implying that these plants were indeed capable of utilizing phytate as the source of phosphorus for growth and development. When grown on phytate the HAP-type phytase outperformed its BPP-type counterpart for plant biomass production, though this effect was only observed in hydroponic conditions and not in perlite. Furthermore, we found no evidence of adverse side effects of microbial phytase expression in A. thaliana on plant physiology and seed germination. Our data highlight important functional differences between these members of bacterial phytase families and indicate that future crop biotechnologies involving such enzymes will require a very careful evaluation of phytase source and activity. Overall, our data suggest feasibility of using bacterial phytases to improve plant growth in conditions of phosphorus deficiency and demonstrate that inducible expression of recombinant enzymes should be investigated further as a viable approach to plant biotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lia R. Valeeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Chuluuntsetseg Nyamsuren
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Margarita R. Sharipova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Eugene V. Shakirov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Natesh N H, SK A, L A. An overview of nutritional and anti nutritional factors in green leafy vegetables. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.15406/hij.2017.01.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
8
|
Rugova A, Puschenreiter M, Koellensperger G, Hann S. Elucidating rhizosphere processes by mass spectrometry – A review. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 956:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
9
|
Balaban NP, Suleimanova AD, Valeeva LR, Chastukhina IB, Rudakova NL, Sharipova MR, V. Shakirov E. Microbial Phytases and Phytate: Exploring Opportunities for Sustainable Phosphorus Management in Agriculture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/ajmb.2017.71002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
10
|
Agostinho AJ, de Souza Oliveira W, Anunciação DS, Santos JCC. Simple and Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method for Phytic Acid Determination in Grains. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0387-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
11
|
Dost K, Karaca G. Evaluation of Phytic Acid Content of Some Tea and Nut Products by Reverse-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Visible Detector. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0319-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
12
|
Novel Glucose-1-Phosphatase with High Phytase Activity and Unusual Metal Ion Activation from Soil Bacterium Pantoea sp. Strain 3.5.1. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015. [PMID: 26209662 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01384-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus is an important macronutrient, but its availability in soil is limited. Many soil microorganisms improve the bioavailability of phosphate by releasing it from various organic compounds, including phytate. To investigate the diversity of phytate-hydrolyzing bacteria in soil, we sampled soils of various ecological habitats, including forest, private homesteads, large agricultural complexes, and urban landscapes. Bacterial isolate Pantoea sp. strain 3.5.1 with the highest level of phytase activity was isolated from forest soil and investigated further. The Pantoea sp. 3.5.1 agpP gene encoding a novel glucose-1-phosphatase with high phytase activity was identified, and the corresponding protein was purified to apparent homogeneity, sequenced by mass spectroscopy, and biochemically characterized. The AgpP enzyme exhibits maximum activity and stability at pH 4.5 and at 37°C. The enzyme belongs to a group of histidine acid phosphatases and has the lowest Km values toward phytate, glucose-6-phosphate, and glucose-1-phosphate. Unexpectedly, stimulation of enzymatic activity by several divalent metal ions was observed for the AgpP enzyme. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high-performance ion chromatography (HPIC) analyses of phytate hydrolysis products identify dl-myo-inositol 1,2,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate as the final product of the reaction, indicating that the Pantoea sp. AgpP glucose-1-phosphatase can be classified as a 3-phytase. The identification of the Pantoea sp. AgpP phytase and its unusual regulation by metal ions highlight the remarkable diversity of phosphorus metabolism regulation in soil bacteria. Furthermore, our data indicate that natural forest soils harbor rich reservoirs of novel phytate-hydrolyzing enzymes with unique biochemical features.
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu JM, Liu CC, Fang GZ, Wang S. Advanced analytical methods and sample preparation for ion chromatography techniques. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10348g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The recently developed advanced ion chromatography techniques and the various sample preparation methods have been summarized in this mini-review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Ministry of Education
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- China
| | - Cui-Cui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Ministry of Education
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- China
| | - Guo-Zhen Fang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Ministry of Education
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Ministry of Education
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- China
| |
Collapse
|