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Fu J, Yu H, Guo Q, Wang Y, Xu H, Lu J, Hu J, Wang Y. Metabolic Transformation of Gentiopicrin, a Liver Protective Active Ingredient, Based on Intestinal Bacteria. Molecules 2023; 28:7575. [PMID: 38005297 PMCID: PMC10673279 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gentiopicrin, the main component of the famous Chinese patent medicine Long Dan Xie Gan Wan, has the characteristics of fast absorption in vivo and low bioavailability. Intestinal bacteria play an important role in the absorption and pharmacokinetics of oral drugs. In this study, the metabolic transformation of gentiopicrin by intestinal bacteria was examined. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/MSn-IT-TOF) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were used, and six metabolites were identified, including reduction products (G-M1, G-M2, G-M4, and G-M6), a hydrolytic product (G-M3), and a dehydration product (G-M5) of gentiopicrin aglycone after hydrolysis, reduction, and dehydration reactions were performed by the intestinal flora. This is the first time that chiral metabolites of gentiopicrin (G-M1 and G-M2) were found in this study. In addition, the precursors of glucuronic acid conjugates previously reported in vivo may have come from the intestinal bacterial metabolites G-M1, G-M2, and G-M3. In addition, the metabolic transformation of gentiopicrin in liver microsomes was studied in vitro, and it was found that gentiopicrin did not undergo metabolic transformation under the action of liver microsomes. It is suggested that gentiopicroside may be metabolized in the intestine. This study provides both new insight regarding the investigation of effective substances and an exploration of the pharmacodynamic and toxicological properties of gentiopicrin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (J.F.); (H.Y.); (Q.G.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.L.); (J.H.)
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Guo XH, Hu L, Xu ML, Chen MX, Ma ZH, Li S, Cong XS, Li F, Wei XY. Separation and Analysis of Oxygen-Containing Compounds in a Shaanxi Middle/Low-Temperature Coal Tar. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:8201-8209. [PMID: 36910948 PMCID: PMC9996773 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A middle/low-temperature coal tar (M/LTCT) was obtained from a low-temperature carbonization plant in Shaanxi, China. The M/LTCT was separated into light components and coal tar pitch through extraction. A series of alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, oxygen-containing arenes (OCAs), and nitrogen-containing arenes were fractionated from light components by medium-pressure preparative chromatography with gradient elution using petroleum ether and ethyl acetate. They were analyzed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The OCAs were analyzed by a Fourier transform Orbitrap MS (quadrupole exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometer), and the molecular distribution of the O 1-O 6 species was studied. OCAs are mainly oxygen-containing aromatic compounds, including aromatic phenols, furans, alkoxy aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic ethers, aromatic aldehydes, aromatic ketones, and aromatic acids. The position of the oxygen atom on the aromatic ring and the condensation form of the aromatic ring are studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-hou Guo
- Engineering
and Technology Institute of Lunan Coal Chemical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, Shandong, China
- Key
Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry
of Education, China University of Mining
& Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Hu
- Key
Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry
of Education, China University of Mining
& Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mei-Ling Xu
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze
University, Heze 274015, Shandong, China
- Key
Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry
of Education, China University of Mining
& Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mei-xia Chen
- Engineering
and Technology Institute of Lunan Coal Chemical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Ma
- Key
Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry
of Education, China University of Mining
& Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, Shandong, China
| | - Sheng Li
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, Shandong, China
| | - Xing-shun Cong
- Engineering
and Technology Institute of Lunan Coal Chemical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, Shandong, China
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, Shandong, China
| | - Fenghai Li
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze
University, Heze 274015, Shandong, China
| | - Xian-Yong Wei
- Key
Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry
of Education, China University of Mining
& Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
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Comparative analysis of total phenol, total flavonoid and in vitro antioxidant capacity of white and brown teff (Eragrostis tef), and identification of individual compounds using UPLC-qTOF-MS. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Dang J, Shao Y, Zhao J, Mei L, Tao Y, Wang Q, Zhang L. Two-dimensional hydrophilic interaction chromatography × reversed-phase liquid chromatography for the preparative isolation of potential anti-hepatitis phenylpropanoids fromSalvia prattii. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:3327-38. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xining China
| | - Yun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xining China
| | - Jianqiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xining China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science; Beijing China
| | - Lijuan Mei
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xining China
| | - Yanduo Tao
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xining China
| | - Qilan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xining China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xining China
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Yan W, Zhang J, Zheng R, Sun Y, Ren J, Ding X. Combination of SYBR Green II and TaqMan Probe in the adulteration detection ofDendrobium devonianumby fluorescent quantitative PCR. Int J Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Yan
- College of Life Sciences; Nanjing Normal University; No.1 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210046 China
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery; Drum Tower Hospital; School of Medicine; Nanjing University; No. 321 Zhongshan Road Nanjing 210008 China
| | - Jingzi Zhang
- College of Life Sciences; Nanjing Normal University; No.1 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210046 China
| | - Rui Zheng
- College of Life Sciences; Nanjing Normal University; No.1 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210046 China
| | - Yulong Sun
- College of Life Sciences; Nanjing Normal University; No.1 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210046 China
| | - Jie Ren
- College of Life Sciences; Nanjing Normal University; No.1 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210046 China
| | - Xiaoyu Ding
- College of Life Sciences; Nanjing Normal University; No.1 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210046 China
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