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Wang Y, Li M, Zhu L, Wang Y. On-line preconcentration and determination of sulfadiazine in food samples using surface molecularly imprinted polymer coating by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1696:463965. [PMID: 37059046 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, on-line preconcentration and selective determination of the trace sulfadiazine (SDZ) existing in milk and hen egg white samples were realized by the capillary electrophoresis using molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) coated capillary. The capillary coated with MIP was firstly prepared through the surface imprinted techniques, using SDZ as template molecule and dopamine as function monomer and crosslinker, and then amine-terminated poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (PMOXA-NH2) was introduced onto polydopamine layer to reduce the non-specific adsorption. Successful preparation of SDZ-MIP-PMOXA coating was verified by zeta potential, as well as water contact angle. The SDZ-MIP-PMOXA coated capillary performed well on-line preconcentration of SDZ and the obtained peak area of SDZ was 46 times higher than that one obtained in bare capillary using the same procedure. Then the proposed on-line preconcentration method was fully validated and displayed good linear behavior in the concentration from 5.0 to 100.0 ng/mL, with the limit of detection was low to 1.5 ng/mL; and this method presented excellent accuracy and robustness. The prepared SDZ-MIP-PMOXA coated capillary also showed high selectivity with the imprinting factor of 5.85 and good repeatability during five consecutive runs with the relative standard deviation value of peak area was 1.6%. At last, the application of the prepared SDZ-MIP-PMOXA coated capillary in the detection of SDZ in spiked food samples was investigated, and good recoveries of 98.7-109.3% were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Mengqin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Liangyu Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Yanmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China.
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2
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Zhai Y, Bao Y, Ning T, Chen P, Di S, Zhu S. Room temperature fabrication of magnetic covalent organic frameworks for efficient enrichment of parabens in water. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1692:463850. [PMID: 36773400 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel 4 + 2 covalent magnetic organic framework (COF) with core-shell structure was synthesized for the first time with N, N, N', N'-Tetrakis (4-aminophenyl)-1, 4- benzenediamine (TPDA) and 2, 6-Pyridinedicarboxaldehyde (PCBA) at room temperature. The synthesized magnetic TPDA-PCBA-COF has a large specific surface area and superparamagnetism, which makes it an ideal sorbent for trace analytes enrichment. To this end, we combined it with magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) to enrich trace parabens in environmental water. The parameters affecting the enrichment efficiency of magnetic solid phase extraction, such as the amount of Fe3O4@TPDA-PCBA-COF, extraction time, pH of samples, salt concentration, desorption solvent volume and desorption time, were optimized. A simple method for extraction and determination of parabens in water samples by MSPE combined with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was established under optimized conditions. The validation results revealed that the linear ranges were at 1.0-5.0 × 102 ng mL-1 with R value between 0.9915 and 0.9999, the spiked recoveries were in the range of 82.8% to 99.9% and RSDs were lower than 10%. The method was further applied to the determination of parabens in water samples, with recoveries in the range of 82.2% to 110.0% and RSDs ≤ 7.7%. These results suggest that the magnetic TPDA-PCBA-COF could be used as a promising adsorbent for efficient extraction and quantitation of parabens in environmental water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yue Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tao Ning
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Pin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Siyuan Di
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shukui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
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3
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Dao AQ, Thi Thanh Nhi L, Mai Nguyen D, Thanh Tam Toan T. A REVIEW ON DETERMINATION OF THE VETERINARY DRUG RESIDUES IN FOOD PRODUCTS. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5364. [PMID: 35274322 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we discuss veterinary medicine and its applications in the food field as well as its risk to the health of humans and animals by the residues. We review how the veterinary residues enter and cause some detrimental effects. We also mention two techniques to determine the residue of veterinary medication that existed in food originating from animals, including classic and advanced techniques. Finally, we discuss the potential of various developed methods compared to some traditional techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Quang Dao
- Institute of Applied Technology, Thu Dau Mot University, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam
| | - Le Thi Thanh Nhi
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.,Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Vietnam
| | - Do Mai Nguyen
- Institute of Applied Technology, Thu Dau Mot University, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thanh Tam Toan
- Institute of Applied Technology, Thu Dau Mot University, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam
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4
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Electrochemical sensors for sulfamethoxazole detection based on graphene oxide/graphene layered composite on indium tin oxide substrate. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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5
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Wang B, Xie K, Lee K. Veterinary Drug Residues in Animal-Derived Foods: Sample Preparation and Analytical Methods. Foods 2021; 10:555. [PMID: 33800096 PMCID: PMC8000452 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Veterinary drugs are used to treat livestock and aquatic diseases and thus are introduced into animal-derived foods, endangering consumer health and safety. Antibiotic resistance is rapidly becoming a major worldwide problem, and there has been a steady increase in the number of pathogens that show multi-drug resistance. Illegal and excessive use of veterinary drugs in animals and aquaculture has serious adverse effects on humans and on all other environmental organisms. It is necessary to develop simple extraction methods and fast analytical methods to effectively detect veterinary drug residues in animal-derived foods. This review summarizes the application of various sample extraction techniques and detection and quantification methods for veterinary drug residues reported in the last decade (2010-2020). This review compares the advantages and disadvantages of various extraction techniques and detection methods and describes advanced methods, such as those that use electrochemical biosensors, piezoelectric biosensors, optical biosensors, and molecularly imprinted polymer biosensors. Finally, the future prospects and trends related to extraction methods, detection methods and advanced methods for the analysis of veterinary drug residues in animal-derived foods are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Kaizhou Xie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kiho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
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6
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Jagirani MS, Soylak M. A review: Recent advances in solid phase microextraction of toxic pollutants using nanotechnology scenario. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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7
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Jagirani MS, Soylak M. Review: Microextraction Technique Based New Trends in Food Analysis. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:968-999. [PMID: 33253048 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1846491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Food chemistry is the study and classification of the quality and origin of foods. The identification of definite biomarkers and the determination of residue contaminants such as toxins, pesticides, metals, human and veterinary drugs, which are a very common source of food-borne diseases. The food analysis is continuously demanding the improvement of more robust, sensitive, highly efficient, and economically beneficial analytical approaches to promise the traceability, safety, and quality of foods in the acquiescence with the consumers and legislation demands. The traditional methods have been used at the starting of the 20th century based on wet chemical methods. Now it existing the powerful analytical techniques used in food analysis and safety. This development has led to substantial enhancements in the analytical accuracy, precision, sensitivity, selectivity, thereby mounting the applied range of food applications. In the present decade, microextraction (micro-scale extraction) pays more attention due to its futures such as low consumption of solvent and sample, throughput analysis easy to operate, greener, robotics, and miniaturization, different adsorbents have been used in the microextraction process with unique nature recognized with wide range applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Saqaf Jagirani
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.,National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Mustafa Soylak
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.,Technology Research and Application Center (TAUM), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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8
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Abstract
Nanotechnology has become a topic of interest due to the outstanding advantages that the use of nanomaterials offers in many fields. Among them, magnetic nanoparticles (m-NPs) have been one of the most widely applied in recent years. In addition to the unique features of nanomaterials in general, which exclusively appear at nanoscale, these present magnetic or paramagnetic properties that result of great interest in many applications. In particular, in the area of food analysis, the use of these nanomaterials has undergone a considerable increase since they can be easily separated from the matrix in sorbent-based extractions, providing a considerable simplification of the procedures. This allows reducing cost and giving fast responses, which is essential in the food trade to guarantee consumer safety. These materials can also be easily tunable, providing higher selectivity. Moreover, their particular electrical, thermal and optical characteristics allow enhancing sensor signals, increasing the sensitivity of the approaches based on this type of device. The aim of this review article is to summarise the most remarkable applications of m-NPs in food analysis in the last five years (2016–2020) showing a general view of the use of such materials in the field.
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Safronova E, Parshina A, Kоlganova T, Yelnikova A, Bobreshova O, Pourcelly G, Yaroslavtsev A. Potentiometric multisensory system based on perfluorosulfonic acid membranes and carbon nanotubes for sulfacetamide determination in pharmaceuticals. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Magnetic covalent organic framework as a solid-phase extraction absorbent for sensitive determination of trace organophosphorus pesticides in fatty milk. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1627:461387. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Li L, Zhu Y, Zhang F, Li H, Iqbal J, Wu T, Du Y. Rapid detection of sulfamethoxazole in plasma and food samples with in-syringe membrane SPE coupled with solid-phase fluorescence spectrometry. Food Chem 2020; 320:126612. [PMID: 32197124 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, in-syringe membrane solid-phase extraction (MSPE) device was fabricated for the on-site sampling of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in food samples followed by solid-phase fluorescence spectra analysis. The samples and fluorescamine (FA) were added to a syringe for derivation. Then, the derivative of SMX was extracted by a membrane in the syringe SPE device. Subsequently, the derivative on the membrane was measured immediately without additional elution procedure. The method was successfully applied in plasma, milk, and egg samples for the trace SMX detection, with the recovery of 98%-102%, RSDs from 1% to 6%. Compared with liquid chromatography, direct detection of the concentrated analyte significantly improved the sensitivity. Moreover, fluorescamine made it unnecessary to separate SMX from the interference. Consequently, it was a time-saving, low-cost, and easy-operation method, which demonstrated the potential of in-syringe SPE as a promising candidate for on-site analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Feiyu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Science and Engineering, Dehong Teachers'College, Xianchi Road 14, Mangshi 678400, China
| | - Jibran Iqbal
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ting Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yiping Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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12
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Chen Z, He Z, Luo X, Wu F, Tang S, Zhang J. Synthesis of MOF@COF Hybrid Magnetic Adsorbent for Microextraction of Sulfonamides in Food and Environmental Samples. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01750-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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13
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Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction of Organic Compounds Based on Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051148. [PMID: 32143401 PMCID: PMC7179219 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is a chemical compound with a form similar to graphene that consists of one-atom-thick two-dimensional layers of sp2-bonded carbon. Graphene oxide exhibits high hydrophilicity and dispersibility. Thus, it is difficult to be separated from aqueous solutions. Therefore, functionalization with magnetic nanoparticles is performed in order to prepare a magnetic GO nanocomposite that combines the sufficient adsorption capacity of graphene oxide and the convenience of magnetic separation. Moreover, the magnetic material can be further functionalized with different groups to prevent aggregation and extends its potential application. Until today, a plethora of magnetic GO hybrid materials have been synthesized and successfully employed for the magnetic solid-phase extraction of organic compounds from environmental, agricultural, biological, and food samples. The developed GO nanocomposites exhibit satisfactory stability in aqueous solutions, as well as sufficient surface area. Thus, they are considered as an alternative to conventional sorbents by enriching the analytical toolbox for the analysis of trace organic compounds.
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14
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Lin X, Wang X, Wang J, Yuan Y, Di S, Wang Z, Xu H, Zhao H, Qi P, Ding W. Facile synthesis of a core-shell structured magnetic covalent organic framework for enrichment of organophosphorus pesticides in fruits. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1101:65-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Xie X, Huang S, Zheng J, Ouyang G. Trends in sensitive detection and rapid removal of sulfonamides: A review. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1634-1652. [PMID: 32043724 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonamides in environmental water, food, and feed are a major concern for both aquatic ecosystems and public health, because they may lead to the health risk of drug resistance. Thus, numerous sensitive detection and rapid removal methodologies have been established. This review summarizes the sample preparation techniques and instrumental methods used for sensitive detection of sulfonamides. Additionally, adsorption and photocatalysis for the rapid removal of sulfonamides are also discussed. This review provides a comprehensive perspective on future sulfonamide analyses that have good performance, and on the basic methods for the rapid removal of sulfonamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shuyao Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Juan Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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16
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Wang G, Zhou T, Lei Y. Exploration of a novel triazine-based covalent organic framework for solid-phase extraction of antibiotics. RSC Adv 2020; 10:11557-11564. [PMID: 35496593 PMCID: PMC9050495 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10846g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel COF was synthesized, which has a similar structure to SNW-1 but different selectivity towards antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- PR China
| | - Tong Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- PR China
| | - Yongqian Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of On-line Monitoring of Water Environmental Pollution
- Guangdong Institute of Analysis
- Guangzhou
- China
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17
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Recent advances in emerging nanomaterials based food sample pretreatment methods for food safety screening. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Zhang J, Chen Z, Tang S, Luo X, Xi J, He Z, Yu J, Wu F. Fabrication of porphyrin-based magnetic covalent organic framework for effective extraction and enrichment of sulfonamides. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1089:66-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Wu Y, Zhou J, Wang X, Zhang Z, Gao S. Ionic Liquid-based Hollow Fiber Liquid–Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Combined with Capillary Electrophoresis for the Determination of Sulfonamides in Aquaculture Waters. J Chromatogr Sci 2019; 57:950-960. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmz053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ionic liquid-based hollow-fiber liquid–liquid–liquid microextraction (IL-HF-LLLME) coupled to capillary electrophoresis (CE) has been developed for the determination of six sulfonamides (SAs) in aquaculture waters. A series of extraction parameters was optimized to enhance the extraction efficiency, which included type and pore size of hollow fiber, type and composition of extraction solvent, pH value of donor phase, the concentration of acceptor phase and the mass ratio of donor phase to acceptor phase along with extraction temperature and time. Under optimal conditions, the IL-HF-LLLME-CE method provided a wide liner range for six SAs from 2 to 1,000 μg L−1 (r2 ≥ 0.9995), the limits of the detection from 0.25 to 0.48 and the enrichment factors from 122 to 230, respectively. Relative standard deviations for intra- and interday precision were 1.4–5.3% and 1.8–7.5% (n = 5), respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of trace-level SAs in seven real-world aquaculture water samples with good recoveries (80.4–100.7%). Also, sulfamerazine and sulfamethoxazole were detected at the level of 0.52–1.60 μg L−1 in two water samples. Due to its good sensitivity, simple operation, short analysis time and eco-friendliness, the developed method has a great application potential in analysis of trace SA residues in aquaculture waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyi Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Zhanen Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Shiqian Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
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20
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Wang T, Zhou Y, Cao S, Lu J, Zhou Y. Degradation of sulfanilamide by Fenton-like reaction and optimization using response surface methodology. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 172:334-340. [PMID: 30721877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Excess sulfonamides are discharged into the environmental system due to the abuse of antibiotics, which threatens the ecological environment and human health. In this study, the ferric and ferrous as well as calcium peroxide (CP), sodium percarbonate (SPC) and sodium persulfate (SPS) have been used to build Fenton-like system for the sulfanilamide (SA) removal. Compared with other Fenton-like system, the Fe3+/CP system exhibited better degradation capacity and 94.65% SA was removed with 3.0 mM CP and 3.0 mM Fe3+. A response surface and corresponding quadratic regression equation were obtained by using a three-level Box-Behnken factorial design with the initial pH value and the dosage of Fe3+ and CP as the model parameters. Depended on the result of the response surface, the optimum conditions of the removal of SA in Fe3+/CP system could be obtained: [Fe3+] = 2.96 mM, [CaO2] = 2.33 mM and [pH] = 6.45. Besides that, the influences of Na+, Mg2+, Cl-, HCO3-, NO3- and HA on SA removal were also investigated under the optimum condition. The results revealed that the high concentration of HCO3- was able to inhibit degradation of SA while other ions and HA have little effect on SA degradation. These results provided a novel strategy to evaluate the catalyst/oxidant system by combining experiment and computer simulation in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenghao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Gasification and Energy Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shixin Cao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Gasification and Energy Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yanbo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Coal Gasification and Energy Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Liu JM, Lv SW, Yuan XY, Liu HL, Wang S. Facile construction of magnetic core-shell covalent organic frameworks as efficient solid-phase extraction adsorbents for highly sensitive determination of sulfonamide residues against complex food sample matrices. RSC Adv 2019; 9:14247-14253. [PMID: 35519347 PMCID: PMC9064059 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01879d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Integration of advanced sample pretreatment techniques, with the involvement of functional nano/micro-materials as adsorbents, is of great importance and value for food-safety precise inspection. For now, the major demands for functional adsorbents are ease of fabrication, fast adsorption and separation performance, low toxicity, robustness, and reusability. In the present work, core-shell structured magnetic covalent organic frameworks (COFs) that employed Fe3O4 microspheres as the magnetic core and TpBD COFs as the adsorption shell have been successfully constructed as efficient solid phase extraction (SPE) adsorbents for complex food sample analysis. In favor of the combination of magnetic separation and effective preconcentration, the proposed magnetic COF-SPE method gave a rapid detection performance of the simultaneous detection of ten sulfonamide residues as well as high sensitivity, with detection limits in the range of 0.28-1.45 μg L-1 under the optimized experimental conditions. The Fe3O4@TpBD core-shell adsorbents also demonstrated good stability, robust SPE preconcentration ability, excellent determination recovery, and good reusability. The applicability of the developed SPE method was well demonstrated by real sample analysis, with the recoveries ranging from 82-94%. Through this example, it was believed that the new emerging porous nano/micro-materials, like COFs, metal-organic networks, or hybrid structures, would play more and more important roles as functional materials in food-safety inspection, especially for highly efficient determination of targets against complicated food sample matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Min Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Shi-Wen Lv
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xin-Yue Yuan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) Beijing 100048 China
| | - Hui-Lin Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) Beijing 100048 China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) Beijing 100048 China
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22
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Mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride as an efficient sorbent for extraction of sulfonamides prior to HPLC analysis. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:279. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3394-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Gao PS, Guo Y, Li X, Wang X, Wang J, Qian F, Gu H, Zhang Z. Magnetic solid phase extraction of sulfonamides based on carboxylated magnetic graphene oxide nanoparticles in environmental waters. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1575:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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24
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A novel electrochemical aptasensor based on gold electrode decorated Ag@Au core-shell nanoparticles for sulfamethazine determination. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:7671-7678. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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25
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Xia S, Cai Z, Dong J, Wang S, Wang Y, Kang H, Chen X. Preparation of porous zinc ferrite/carbon as a magnetic-assisted dispersive miniaturized solid phase extraction sorbent and its application. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1567:73-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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26
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Yari A, Shams A. Silver-filled MWCNT nanocomposite as a sensing element for voltammetric determination of sulfamethoxazole. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1039:51-58. [PMID: 30322552 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Here, we introduce a new electrode based on Silver-filled multi-walled carbon nanotube (Ag-MWCNT) and methyltrioctyl ammonium chloride (MTOAC) for highly sensitive voltammetric measurement of Sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The electrode showed an electrocatalytic activity as it led to the diminution of the overpotential and an increase in peak current for SMX oxidation in a phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.0). Analysis of surface topography and electrochemical properties of the modified electrode was examined by TEM, EDX and EIS, respectively. Electrochemical performance of the modified electrode was investigated with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques for determination of SMX in aqueous solution. In addition, the oxidation process was found to be dependent on the pH of the buffer solution. Under optimal conditions, a linear relationship between the oxidation current and SMX concentration was found in a range 0.05-70 μM (R2 = 0.997) with a detection limit of 0.01 μM after 2 min of accumulating time. The electrode was successfully used to quantify SMX in pharmaceutical formulations and human urine by DPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Yari
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lorestan University, 68137-17133, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Azim Shams
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lorestan University, 68137-17133, Khorramabad, Iran
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27
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Wang X, Ye N, Hu X, Liu Q, Li J, Peng L, Ma X. Open-tubular capillary electrochromatographic determination of ten sulfonamides in tap water and milk by a metal-organic framework-coated capillary column. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:2236-2245. [PMID: 29799133 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a metal-organic framework (MOF), [Mn(cam)(bpy)], was synthesized and characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. An open-tubular capillary column was fabricated from [Mn(cam)(bpy)] via the amide coupling method. Ten types of sulfonamides were separated through the fabricated capillary column, which showed a good limits of detection (<0.07 μg/mL) and linear ranges (1-100 or 5-100 μg/mL) with a high correlation coefficients (R2 > 0.9987). The intra-day, inter-day and column-to-column relative standard deviations (RSDs) in the migration times ranged from 0.44 to 4.87%, and the peak area RSDs ranged from 0.80 to 7.28%. The developed capillary electrochromatography method can be successfully utilized for the determination of sulfonamides in tap water and milk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Nengsheng Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qingye Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Beijing Institute of Veterinary Drugs Control, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lin Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotong Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
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28
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Recent advances in graphene-based magnetic composites for magnetic solid-phase extraction. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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An J, Wang X, Ming M, Li J, Ye N. Determination of sulfonamides in milk by capillary electrophoresis with PEG@MoS 2 as a dispersive solid-phase extraction sorbent. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:172104. [PMID: 29892398 PMCID: PMC5990762 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.172104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic polyethylene glycol-molybdenum disulfide (PEG@MoS2) composite was prepared using a simple method, and the application of this material in dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE) was investigated for the enrichment of eight sulfonamides (SAs) in milk samples. The composite was characterized by energy dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements. The results showed that the MoS2 synthesized in the presence of PEG has the advantage of a larger surface area and that the adsorption effect of this MoS2 was enhanced. After extraction, the eight SAs were separated by capillary zone electrophoresis with a good linear relationship (R2 > 0.9902) in the range of 0.3-30 µg ml-1 and good precision (between 0.32% and 9.83%). Additionally, good recoveries (between 60.52% and 110.91%) were obtained for the SAs in the milk samples. The developed PEG@MoS2-based DSPE method could be applied for the enrichment of SAs in real milk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin An
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiting Ming
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Beijing Institute of Veterinary Drugs Control, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Nengsheng Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
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30
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da Silva MR, Mauro Lanças F. Evaluation of ionic liquids supported on silica as a sorbent for fully automated online solid-phase extraction with LC-MS determination of sulfonamides in bovine milk samples. J Sep Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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31
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Abstract
In this paper, we present a simple and feasible electrochemical sensor based on Au nanoparticle-functionalized graphene for the determination of sulfanilamide. Au nanoparticles were deposited on graphene, which acted as a platform to prepare excellent nanocomposites. Attributed to the graphene’s large surface area and the Au nanoparticles’ strong conductivity, many sulfanilamide molecules were enriched on the sensor surface and the signal response became more sensitive. Under the optimal conditions, the electrochemical sensors could be used for the efficient detection of sulfanilamide. Good linearity was observed in the range of 0.1–1000 μmol·L−1 and the detection limit was 0.011 μmol·L−1. Most importantly, the Au nanoparticle-functionalized graphene-modified electrode could be successfully applied for the detection of sulfanilamide in animal meat, and exhibited good stability, acceptable recovery, and offered a promising platform for point-of-care detecting in real samples.
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32
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Chatzimitakos T, Samanidou V, Stalikas CD. Graphene-functionalized melamine sponges for microextraction of sulfonamides from food and environmental samples. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1522:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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33
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Greño M, Castro-Puyana M, García MÁ, Marina ML. Analysis of antibiotics by CE and CEC and their use as chiral selectors: An update. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:235-259. [PMID: 28941242 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural, synthetic or semisynthetic antibiotics are highly used to prevent or treat diseases in humans and animals, and to promote animal growth. This fact makes that antibiotics residues or their transformation products may be present in food or in the environment after human or animal excretion. For this reason, it is imperative to develop reliable and sensitive analytical methodologies for their analysis. The main aim of this work is to present and discuss the most recent applications of capillary electromigration methods for the analysis of antibiotics, including the developments and applications of their use as chiral selectors in CE. The literature published from June 2015 to June 2017 is included following the previous review by Domínguez-Vega et al. (Electrophoresis, 2016, 37, 189-211). Information about the use of different detection systems, off-line and on-line strategies to improve sensitivity, and microchip devices for the analysis of antibiotics is provided and properly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maider Greño
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
| | - María Castro-Puyana
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
| | - María Ángeles García
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
| | - María Luisa Marina
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
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34
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Álvarez G, Montero L, Llorens L, Castro-Puyana M, Cifuentes A. Recent advances in the application of capillary electromigration methods for food analysis and Foodomics. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:136-159. [PMID: 28975648 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review work presents and discusses the main applications of capillary electromigration methods in food analysis and Foodomics. Papers that were published during the period February 2015-February 2017 are included following the previous review by Acunha et al. (Electrophoresis 2016, 37, 111-141). The paper shows the large variety of food related molecules that have been analyzed by CE including amino acids, biogenic amines, carbohydrates, chiral compounds, contaminants, DNAs, food additives, heterocyclic amines, lipids, peptides, pesticides, phenols, pigments, polyphenols, proteins, residues, toxins, vitamins, small organic and inorganic compounds, as well as other minor compounds. This work describes the last results on food quality and safety, nutritional value, storage, bioactivity, as well as uses of CE for monitoring food interactions and food processing including recent microchips developments and new applications of CE in Foodomics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - María Castro-Puyana
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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35
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An J, Wang X, Ye N. Molybdenum Disulfide as a Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction Adsorbent for Determination of Sulfonamide Residues in Water Samples Using Capillary Electrophoresis. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin An
- Department of Chemistry; Capital Normal University; Beijing 100048 China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry; Capital Normal University; Beijing 100048 China
| | - Nengsheng Ye
- Department of Chemistry; Capital Normal University; Beijing 100048 China
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36
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Li Z, Qi M, Tu C, Wang W, Chen J, Wang AJ. Magnetic Metal-Organic Framework/Graphene Oxide-Based Solid-Phase Extraction Combined with Spectrofluorimetry for the Determination of Enrofloxacin in Milk Sample. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0971-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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37
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Towards the determination of sulfonamides in meat samples: A magnetic and mesoporous metal-organic framework as an efficient sorbent for magnetic solid phase extraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1500:24-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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38
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Jangju A, Farhadi K, Hatami M, Amani S, Esma-ali F, Moshkabadi A, Hajilari F. Application of zein-modified magnetite nanoparticles in dispersive magnetic micro-solid-phase extraction of synthetic food dyes in foodstuffs. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:1343-1352. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azam Jangju
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; Urmia University; Urmia Iran
| | - Khalil Farhadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; Urmia University; Urmia Iran
| | - Mehdi Hatami
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; Urmia University; Urmia Iran
| | - Samireh Amani
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; Urmia University; Urmia Iran
| | - Farzan Esma-ali
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; Urmia University; Urmia Iran
| | - Aisan Moshkabadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; Urmia University; Urmia Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hajilari
- Water laboratories; West Azerbaijan Water & Wastewater Co; Urmia Iran
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