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Jin Y, Zhang M, Li XL, Han C, Shi Q, Min JZ. A dried sweat spot paper (DSSP) method based on novel mass spectrometry probe labeling for detection and resolution of DL-lactate enantiomers as potential biomarkers for diabetes mellitus. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1317:342914. [PMID: 39030012 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human sweat can be collected non-invasively with low infectivity; however, its application as a determination method has been challenged due to the presence of trace amounts of chiral metabolites. Moreover, its application as a biological fluid for disease diagnosis has not been previously reported. In this study, the human dried sweat spot paper (DSSP) method was proposed for the derivatization of a novel mass spectrometric chiral probe, N-[1-Oxo-5-(triphenylphosphonium) pentyl]-(S)-3-aminopyrrolidine (OTPA), determination and resolution of DL-lactic acid (DL-LA) enantiomers in human elbow sweat. RESULTS The methodological validation revealed the resolution (Rs) as 1.78, the limit of detection (S/N = 3) as 20.83 fmol, good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9996), and the intra-day and intra-day stability with RSD ranging from 0.53 to 10.85 %, while the average recovery rate of D-LA and L-LA were 104.00 % ± 4.68 % and 107.41 % ± 8.34 %, respectively, with high accuracy. In addition, the method was applied for the determination of DL-LA in the sweat on elbow of 10 healthy volunteers and 30 diabetic patients. The results demonstrated that the D/L ratio and L/D ratio were significantly different (p < 0.0001). In addition, a moderate positive linear correlation between the D/L-LA ratio in human sweat and fasting blood glucose level (r = 0.7744, p < 0.0001) was observed, thereby suggesting that the D/L ratio of lactate in human sweat correlate the glucose level in human fasting blood. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY The D/L lactate ratio in human sweat could be used as a potential biomarker for diabetes screening. The method can be used to screen for diabetes by providing a dry sweat paper to test equipment and has the potential to be a non-invasive early-warning diagnostic tool for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy Yanbian University, Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy Yanbian University, Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xi-Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy Yanbian University, Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chengqiang Han
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy Yanbian University, Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy Yanbian University, Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Jun Zhe Min
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy Yanbian University, Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China.
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Xing L, Zhang Q, Liu J, Yu N, Jia Y. Determination of six short-chain fatty acids in rat feces using headspace solid-phase dynamic extraction coupled with GC-MS. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2400032. [PMID: 38937913 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202400032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are organic acids with carbon atoms less than six, released through fermentation products by intestinal microbiome, having multiple physiological activities. Considering weak acidity and high volatility, derivatization or liquid-liquid extraction is essential, which is time consuming. Headspace-solid-phase dynamic extraction (HS-SPDE) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is automated and effortless to determine SCFAs in rat feces. The extraction procedure is performed by aspirating and discharging the headspace cyclically through a steel needle, coated with an inner polyethylene glycol sorbent. The key parameters of SPDE were optimized including coating type, incubation time and temperature, and number of extraction strokes. Besides, salting-out was conducted. Then, a method by HS-SPDE-GC-MS was established and validated. It only took 3-min incubation time, 4.5 min extraction time, and 13 min chromatographic separation in a run. The recovery, linearity, limit of quantification, and stability were evaluated. Then, the proposed method was applied to analyze rat feces including 18 rats with liver injury and 23 normal controls. Mann-Whitney U test indicated that the concentrations of six SCFAs in normal rat feces were higher than those with liver injury. This method provides a choice for fast, solvent-free, automated, and high-throughput analysis of SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Xing
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Henan Police College, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
- Science and Technology Experimental Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Nianjun Yu
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Yiqun Jia
- Science and Technology Experimental Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Laštovičková L, Kopčil M, Kanďár R. Dried blood spot as an alternative sample for screening of fatty acids, amino acids, and keto acids metabolism in humans. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5431. [PMID: 35732590 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The dried blood spot is a simple and non-invasive sample collection technique allowing self-collection at home. It can be used as an alternative sample for the screening of metabolism in humans since changes in the levels of some fatty acids, amino acids, and keto acids can be associated with metabolic disorders (for example diabetes mellitus). In this study we optimized three different methods that are sensitive enough for the determination of above-mentioned analytes from a small volume of a biological material in dried blood spot. In total 20 amino acids, 5 keto acids, and 24 fatty acids were determined. This sample technique was applied to prepare samples from 60 individuals by a finger prick. Samples were analysed with chromatographic methods and acquired data were statistically evaluated. Even though most analytes were higher in men, only 5 amino acids, 3 keto acids and 8 fatty acids showed significant gender-dependency (α = 0.05). Asparagine, serine, α- and γ-linolenic acids showed significant age-dependency (α = 0.05). The most of statistically significant correlations were positive and were found within one category. This work shows that because of many benefits, the dried blood spot sample could be a good alternative to whole blood sample collection for the screening of metabolism in humans in general or in individualised medicine. The chromatographic methods can be used in the next research, for example to set reference range or plasma-correction factors (various aspects as age or gender should be considered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Laštovičková
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kopčil
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Kanďár
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
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Jiao X, He C, Zhou P, Chen F, Wang C. Pre-column derivatization and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS determination of fatty acids in Sargassum fusiforme algae. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Fabris AL, Yonamine M. Dried matrix spots in forensic toxicology. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:1441-1458. [PMID: 34551580 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dried matrix spots (DMS) has gained the attention of different professionals in different fields, including toxicology. Investigations have been carried out in order to assess the potential of using DMS for the analysis of illicit substances, the main interest of forensic toxicologists. This technique uses minimal volumes of samples and solvents, resulting in simple and rapid extraction procedures. Furthermore, it has proved to increase analyte stability, improving storage and transportation. However, DMS presents some limitations: the hematocrit influencing accuracy and inconsistencies regarding the means of spotting samples and adding internal standard on paper. Thus, we provide an overview of analytical methodologies with forensic applications focusing on drugs of abuse and discussing the main particularities, limitations and achievements.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luis Fabris
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, 13B, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Yonamine
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, 13B, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
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Asselin CY, Lam A, Cheung DYC, Eekhoudt CR, Zhu A, Mittal I, Mayba A, Solati Z, Edel A, Austria JA, Aukema HM, Ravandi A, Thliveris J, Singal PK, Pierce GN, Niraula S, Jassal DS. The Cardioprotective Role of Flaxseed in the Prevention of Doxorubicin- and Trastuzumab-Mediated Cardiotoxicity in C57BL/6 Mice. J Nutr 2020; 150:2353-2363. [PMID: 32510147 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the combination of doxorubicin (DOX) and trastuzumab (TRZ) reduces the progression and recurrence of breast cancer, these anticancer drugs are associated with significant cardiotoxic side effects. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether prophylactic administration of flaxseed (FLX) and its bioactive components, α-linolenic acid (ALA) and secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), would be cardioprotective against DOX + TRZ-mediated cardiotoxicity in a chronic in vivo female murine model. METHODS Wild-type C57BL/6 female mice (10-12 wk old) received daily prophylactic treatment with one of the following diets: 1) regular control (RC) semi-purified diet; 2) 10% FLX diet; 3) 4.4% ALA diet; or 4) 0.44% SDG diet for a total of 6 wks. Within each arm, mice received 3 weekly injections of 0.9% saline or a combination of DOX [8 mg/(kg.wk)] and TRZ [3 mg/(kg.wk)] starting at the end of week 3. The main outcome was to evaluate the effects of FLX, ALA, and SDG on cardiovascular remodeling and markers of apoptosis, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Significance between measurements was determined using a 4 (diet) × 2 (chemotherapy) × 2 (time) mixed factorial design with repeated measures. RESULTS In the RC + DOX + TRZ-treated mice at week 6 of the study, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) decreased by 50% compared with the baseline LVEF (P < 0.05). However, the prophylactic administration of the FLX, ALA, or SDG diet was partially cardioprotective, with mice in these treatment groups showing an ∼68% increase in LVEF compared with the RC + DOX + TRZ-treated group at week 6 (P < 0.05). Although markers of inflammation (nuclear transcription factor κB), apoptosis [poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 and the ratio of BCL2-associated X protein to B-cell lymphoma-extra large], and mitochondrial dysfunction (BCL2-interacting protein 3) were significantly elevated by approximately 2-fold following treatment with RC + DOX + TRZ compared with treatment with RC + saline at week 6, prophylactic administration of FLX, ALA, or SDG partially downregulated these signaling pathways. CONCLUSION In a chronic in vivo female C57BL/6 mouse model of DOX + TRZ-mediated cardiotoxicity, FLX, ALA, and SDG were partially cardioprotective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Y Asselin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Amy Lam
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - David Y C Cheung
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Cameron R Eekhoudt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Antonia Zhu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ishika Mittal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Andrew Mayba
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Zahra Solati
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Andrea Edel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - J Alejandro Austria
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada.,Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - James Thliveris
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Pawan K Singal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Grant N Pierce
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Saroj Niraula
- Section of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Davinder S Jassal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada.,Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Radiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
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7
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Palmer EA, Cooper HJ, Dunn WB. Investigation of the 12-Month Stability of Dried Blood and Urine Spots Applying Untargeted UHPLC-MS Metabolomic Assays. Anal Chem 2019; 91:14306-14313. [PMID: 31618007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of dried blood spot (DBS) and dried urine spot (DUS) samples represents an attractive opportunity for researchers in biomedical metabolomics to collect whole blood and urine samples in the absence of a processing laboratory and so to allow collection in remote areas or in longitudinal studies away from the clinic. The 12-month stability of the thousands of metabolites present in these biofluids and the applicability of DBS and DUS samples for untargeted metabolomics applications has not previously been investigated in detail and compared to blood and urine samples. Here, the 12-month stability of DBS and DUS at different storage temperatures (-20, +4, and +21 °C) have been compared to plasma and urine biofluids stored at the same storage temperatures and time. Samples were analyzed applying complementary HILIC and C18 reversed-phase UHPLC-MS untargeted metabolomic assays. Results show that metabolites demonstrate increased stability in DBS and DUS compared to whole blood and urine at all storage temperatures and times. DBS and DUS stored at +21 °C are stable for up to 4 weeks but are not stable over a 1 year period. DBS and DUS showed good stability when stored at -20 °C for 1 year. We recommend that DBS and DUS samples are collected and transported within 28 days at room temperature and are stored for longer periods of time at -20 or -80 °C. The metabolomes of DUS samples and urine were very similar but the metabolome of DBS included additional metabolites not detected in plasma and therefore proposed to be released from cells in whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott A Palmer
- School of Biosciences , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham , West Midlands B15 2TT , United Kingdom
| | - Helen J Cooper
- School of Biosciences , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham , West Midlands B15 2TT , United Kingdom
| | - Warwick B Dunn
- School of Biosciences , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham , West Midlands B15 2TT , United Kingdom.,Phenome Centre Birmingham , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham , West Midlands B15 2TT , United Kingdom.,Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham , West Midlands B15 2TT , United Kingdom
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8
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Delgado-Povedano MM, Castillo-Peinado LS, Calderón-Santiago M, Luque de Castro MD, Priego-Capote F. Dry sweat as sample for metabolomics analysis. Talanta 2019; 208:120428. [PMID: 31816748 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sweat is gaining popularity in clinical metabolomics as this biofluid is non-invasively sampled and its composition is modified by several pathologies. There is a lack of standardized strategies for collection of human sweat. Most studies have been carried out with fresh sweat collected after stimulation. A promising and simple alternative is sampling dry sweat by a solid support impregnated with a suited solvent. This research was aimed at comparing the metabolomics coverage provided by dry sweat collected by two solid supports (gauzes and filter papers) impregnated with different solvents. The dissolved dry sweat was analyzed by a dual approach: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Among the tested sampling strategies, filter paper impregnated with 1:1 (v/v) ethanol‒phosphate buffer resulted the combination providing the highest metabolomics coverage (tentative identification of one hundred seventy-five compounds). Dry and fresh sweat were compared by using pools from the same individuals to evaluate compositional differences. Families of metabolites such as carnitines, sphingolipids and N-acyl-amino acids, among others, were exclusively identified in dry sweat. Comparison of both samples allowed concluding that dry sweat is better for analysis of low polar metabolites and fresh sweat is more suited for polar compounds. As most of the identified metabolites are involved in key biochemical pathways, this study opens interesting possibilities to the use of dry sweat as a source of metabolite markers for specific disorders. Sampling of dry sweat could provide a standardized approach for collection of this biofluid, thus overcoming the variability limitations of fresh sweat.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Delgado-Povedano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Nanochemistry Research Institute, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - L S Castillo-Peinado
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Nanochemistry Research Institute, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - M Calderón-Santiago
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Nanochemistry Research Institute, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - M D Luque de Castro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Nanochemistry Research Institute, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
| | - F Priego-Capote
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Nanochemistry Research Institute, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
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Delgado-Povedano MM, Calderón-Santiago M, Luque de Castro MD, Priego-Capote F. Metabolomics analysis of human sweat collected after moderate exercise. Talanta 2017; 177:47-65. [PMID: 29108583 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Sweat is a promising biofluid scarcely used in clinical analysis despite its non-invasive sampling. A more frequent clinical use of sweat requires to know its whole composition, especially concerning to non-polar compounds, and the development of analytical strategies for its characterization. The aim of the present study was to compare different sample preparation strategies to maximize the detection of metabolites in sweat from humans collected after practicing moderate exercise. Special emphasis was put on non-polar compounds as they have received scant attention in previous studies dealing with this biofluid. Sample preparation by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) using extractants with different polarity index was compared to deproteination. Then, derivatization by methoxymation with subsequent silylation was compared to direct analysis of sweat extracts to check the influence of derivatization on the subsequent determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). 135 compounds were tentatively identified by combining spectral and retention time information after analysis by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry in high resolution mode (GC-TOF/MS). Lipids, VOCs, benzenoids and other interesting metabolites such as alkaloids and ethanolamines were identified. Among the tested protocols, methyoxiamination plus silylation after LLE with dichloromethane was the best option to obtain a representative snapshot of sweat metabolome collected from different body parts after moderate exercise. Passive and active sweat pools from a cohort of volunteers (n = 6) were compared to detect compositional differences which can be explained by the sampling process and sweating induction. As most of the identified compounds are metabolites involved in key biochemical pathways, this study opens new opportunities to extend the applicability of human sweat as a source of metabolite biomarkers of pathologies or specific processes such as dehydration or nutritional unbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Delgado-Povedano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain; ceiA3 Agroalimentary Excellence Campus, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - M Calderón-Santiago
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain; ceiA3 Agroalimentary Excellence Campus, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - M D Luque de Castro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain; ceiA3 Agroalimentary Excellence Campus, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
| | - F Priego-Capote
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain; ceiA3 Agroalimentary Excellence Campus, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
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10
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Michely JA, Meyer MR, Maurer HH. Dried urine spots - A novel sampling technique for comprehensive LC-MS n drug screening. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 982:112-121. [PMID: 28734350 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Dried matrix spot (DMS) technique as alternative sampling strategy, especially dried urine spots (DUS), might be an alternative for drug screening. So far only particular drugs or drug classes were covered in DMS screenings. Therefore, workup of DUS for a broad comprehensive library-based LC-MSn screening was developed. It consisted of enzymatic on-spot deconjugation followed by liquid extraction and LC-MSn analysis. This workup was compared to established urine precipitation (UP) and validated according to international guidelines for qualitative approaches, using exemplary compounds of several drug classes (antidepressants, benzodiazepines, cardiovascular drugs, neuroleptics, opioids, stimulants, etc.) with a broad range of (physico-)chemical properties and chromatographic behaviors. On-spot conjugate cleavage and liquid extraction was sufficient for most compounds and the validation results comparable to those obtained after simple UP. For demonstrating the applicability, 103 authentic urine samples, six rat urine samples after low dose substance administrations, and two proficiency tests for systematic toxicological urinalysis were worked up with the new DUS approach or by UP without or with conjugate cleavage. In the authentic urine samples, 112 different drugs out of 43 categories plus metabolites were identified via the used LC-MSn library. With the new DUS approach, 5% less positive hits could be found compared to the UP approach and 15% less than the latter after conjugate cleavage. The differences should be caused mainly by smaller urine volumes used for DUS. In the two proficiency tests, all 15 drugs could be detected. Unfortunately, all three approaches were not able to detect very low-dosed substances in rat urine samples. However, they could be detected using a more sensitive LC-high resolution-MS/MS approach showing that the DUS workup was also suitable for those. In conclusion, DUS might be an alternative sampling technique for comprehensive drug testing or adherence monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian A Michely
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg (Saar), Germany
| | - Markus R Meyer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg (Saar), Germany
| | - Hans H Maurer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg (Saar), Germany.
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