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Witzel MT, Veltri LM, Kostelic M, Elshamy YS, Lucas JA, Lai S, Du C, Wysocki VH, Holland LA. Protein analysis using capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry through vibrating sharp-edge spray ionization. Electrophoresis 2024. [PMID: 38577828 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) interfaced to mass spectrometry (MS) with electrospray ionization typically incorporates acidic additives or organic solvents to assist in ionization. Vibrating sharp-edge spray ionization (VSSI) is a voltage-free method to interface CE and MS that does not require these additives, making it appealing for protein analyses. CE-VSSI nanoflow sheath separations are performed with low ionic strength aqueous solutions in the sheath to reduce suppression. Serine is also included in the sheath to reduce analyte adduction. Proteins are detected in the 2.5-10 µM range, corresponding to an injected mass range of 0.1-1.2 ng. The anionic proteins β-lactoglobulin and transferrin are resolved using an unmodified fused silica capillary because they do not exhibit nonspecific surface adsorption. Conversely, separations of cationic proteins cytochrome c, ribonuclease A, and α-chymotrypsinogen A in an unmodified capillary require acidic background electrolytes to overcome adsorption. Alternatively, a semipermanent coating comprised self-assembled lipids overcomes surface adsorption at a neutral pH. Separations with zwitterionic and hybrid cationic coatings are complete within 15 or 6 min, respectively. The dimeric form of triosephosphate isomerase was observed at a 60 µM, corresponding to a mass of 19 ng, by dropping the temperature of the MS inlet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makenzie T Witzel
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Lindsay M Veltri
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Marius Kostelic
- Resource for Native Mass Spectrometry Guided Structural Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yousef S Elshamy
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - John A Lucas
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Stella Lai
- Resource for Native Mass Spectrometry Guided Structural Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Chen Du
- Resource for Native Mass Spectrometry Guided Structural Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Vicki H Wysocki
- Resource for Native Mass Spectrometry Guided Structural Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa A Holland
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Jooß K, Schachner LF, Watson R, Gillespie ZB, Howard SA, Cheek MA, Meiners MJ, Sobh A, Licht JD, Keogh MC, Kelleher NL. Separation and Characterization of Endogenous Nucleosomes by Native Capillary Zone Electrophoresis-Top-Down Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:5151-5160. [PMID: 33749242 PMCID: PMC8040852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel platform [native capillary zone electrophoresis-top-down mass spectrometry (nCZE-TDMS)] for the separation and characterization of whole nucleosomes, their histone subunits, and post-translational modifications (PTMs). As the repeating unit of chromatin, mononucleosomes (Nucs) are an ∼200 kDa complex of DNA and histone proteins involved in the regulation of key cellular processes central to human health and disease. Unraveling the covalent modification landscape of histones and their defined stoichiometries within Nucs helps to explain epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. In nCZE-TDMS, online Nuc separation is followed by a three-tier tandem MS approach that measures the intact mass of Nucs, ejects and detects the constituent histones, and fragments to sequence the histone. The new platform was optimized with synthetic Nucs to significantly reduce both sample requirements and cost compared to direct infusion. Limits of detection were in the low-attomole range, with linearity of over ∼3 orders of magnitude. The nCZE-TDMS platform was applied to endogenous Nucs from two cell lines distinguished by overexpression or knockout of histone methyltransferase NSD2/MMSET, where analysis of constituent histones revealed changes in histone abundances over the course of the CZE separation. We are confident the nCZE-TDMS platform will help advance nucleosome-level research in the fields of chromatin and epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Jooß
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, the Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, and the Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Luis F Schachner
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, the Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, and the Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Rachel Watson
- EpiCypher Incorporated, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | | | - Sarah A Howard
- EpiCypher Incorporated, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Marcus A Cheek
- EpiCypher Incorporated, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | | | - Amin Sobh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Jonathan D Licht
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | | | - Neil L Kelleher
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, the Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, and the Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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包 鹏, 孙 瑶, 王 海, 金 孝, 张 根. [Application of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography for identification, quantitative detection and unfolding analysis of interleukin-12]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020; 40:1301-1306. [PMID: 32990226 PMCID: PMC7544572 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.09.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish a micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography-based method for identification and quantitative detection of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and analysis of its unfolding process. METHODS An uncoated fused-silica capillary (inner diameter 50 μm) with a total length of 48.5 cm (40 cm to the detector) was used for the experiment. The factors influencing the separation efficiency of IL-12 were analyzed, and a standard curve of IL-12 concentration was established. The mixture of IL-12 and anti-IL-12 antibody was incubated in a water bath at 38 ℃ for 40 min, and capillary electrophoresis was then performed under the same conditions. The results were compared with those of IL-12 and anti-IL-12 antibody to identify IL-12. IL-12 and dithiothreitol (DTT) were incubated at 60 ℃ in water bath for different lengths of times, and the unfolding process of IL-12 was analyzed based on electrophoresis results of IL-12 in different states. RESULTS A micellar capillary electrophoresis on-line sweep method was established with 80 mmol/L borate (pH=9.3) containing 30 mmol/L sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as the buffer solution. This system showed a good linear relationship between the peak area and the mass concentration of IL-12 with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.9991 within the linear range of 2 to 120 ng/L. As the incubation time of IL-12 and DTT prolonged, the disulfide bond of IL-12 gradually opened and resulted in distinct changes in the protein peak. CONCLUSIONS This capillary electrophoresis-based method is simple and sensitive for IL-2 analysis and allows rapid detection of changes in IL-12 content in the setting of tumors and analysis of the possible causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- 鹏举 包
- 皖南医学院麻醉学院,安徽 芜湖 241002School of Anesthesiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
- 皖南医学院生理学教研室,安徽 芜湖 241002Department of Physiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 瑶 孙
- 皖南医学院病理生理学教研室,安徽 芜湖 241002Department of Pathophysiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
- 皖南医学院蛇毒研究所,安徽 芜湖 241002Institute of Snake Venom, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 海华 王
- 皖南医学院生理学教研室,安徽 芜湖 241002Department of Physiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 孝岠 金
- 皖南医学院麻醉学院,安徽 芜湖 241002School of Anesthesiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 根葆 张
- 皖南医学院病理生理学教研室,安徽 芜湖 241002Department of Pathophysiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
- 皖南医学院蛇毒研究所,安徽 芜湖 241002Institute of Snake Venom, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
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Sándor V, Berkics BV, Kilár A, Kocsis B, Kilár F, Dörnyei Á. NACE–ESI‐MS/MS method for separation and characterization of phosphorylation and acylation isomers of lipid A. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:1178-1188. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Sándor
- Institute of Bioanalysis Medical School and Szentágothai Research Centre University of Pécs Pécs Hungary
| | - Balázs Viktor Berkics
- Institute of Bioanalysis Medical School and Szentágothai Research Centre University of Pécs Pécs Hungary
| | - Anikó Kilár
- Institute of Bioanalysis Medical School and Szentágothai Research Centre University of Pécs Pécs Hungary
| | - Béla Kocsis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School University of Pécs Pécs Hungary
| | - Ferenc Kilár
- Institute of Bioanalysis Medical School and Szentágothai Research Centre University of Pécs Pécs Hungary
- Department of Bioengineering Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania Miercurea Ciuc Romania
| | - Ágnes Dörnyei
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science University of Pécs Pécs Hungary
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Stolz A, Jooß K, Höcker O, Römer J, Schlecht J, Neusüß C. Recent advances in capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry: Instrumentation, methodology and applications. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:79-112. [PMID: 30260009 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) offers fast and high-resolution separation of charged analytes from small injection volumes. Coupled to mass spectrometry (MS), it represents a powerful analytical technique providing (exact) mass information and enables molecular characterization based on fragmentation. Although hyphenation of CE and MS is not straightforward, much emphasis has been placed on enabling efficient ionization and user-friendly coupling. Though several interfaces are now commercially available, research on more efficient and robust interfacing with nano-electrospray ionization (ESI), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP) continues with considerable results. At the same time, CE-MS has been used in many fields, predominantly for the analysis of proteins, peptides and metabolites. This review belongs to a series of regularly published articles, summarizing 248 articles covering the time between June 2016 and May 2018. Latest developments on hyphenation of CE with MS as well as instrumental developments such as two-dimensional separation systems with MS detection are mentioned. Furthermore, applications of various CE-modes including capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE), capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) and capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) coupled to MS in biological, pharmaceutical and environmental research are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Jooß
- Faculty of Chemistry, Aalen University, Aalen, Germany.,Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Höcker
- Faculty of Chemistry, Aalen University, Aalen, Germany.,Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Römer
- Faculty of Chemistry, Aalen University, Aalen, Germany.,Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Schlecht
- Faculty of Chemistry, Aalen University, Aalen, Germany.,Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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