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Zhao J, Hou L, Zhao L, Liu L, Qi J, Wang L. An environment-friendly approach using deep eutectic solvent combined with liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplets for simultaneous determination of preservatives in beverages. RSC Adv 2023; 13:7185-7192. [PMID: 36875877 PMCID: PMC9982713 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07145b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increase in environmental protection awareness, the development of strategies to reduce the use of organic solvent used during the extraction process has attracted wide attention. A simple and green ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction combined with liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplets method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of five preservatives (methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, isopropyl paraben, isobutyl paraben) in beverages. Extraction conditions including the volume of DES, value of pH, and concentration of salt were statistically optimized through response surface methodology using a Box-Behnken design. Complex Green Analytical Procedure Index (ComplexGAPI) was successfully used to estimate the greenness of the developed method and compare with the previous methods. As a result, the established method was linear, precise, and accurate over the range of 0.5-20 μg mL-1. Limits of detection and limits of quantification were in the range of 0.15-0.20 μg mL-1 and 0.40-0.45 μg mL-1, respectively. The recoveries of all five preservatives ranged from 85.96% to 110.25%, with relative standard deviation less than 6.88% (intra-day) and 4.93% (inter-day). The greenness of the present method is significantly better compared with the previous reported methods. Additionally, the proposed method was successfully applied to analysis of preservatives in beverages and is a potentially promising technique for drink matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University 866 Yuhangtang Road 310058 Hangzhou Zhejiang Province P.R. China .,Zhejiang Weikang Pharmaceutical Company 15 Xinggong North Road 324100 Jiangshan Zhejiang Province P.R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road 110016 Shenyang Liaoning Province P.R. China
| | - Lingjun Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road 110016 Shenyang Liaoning Province P.R. China
| | - Longshan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road 110016 Shenyang Liaoning Province P.R. China
| | - Liqing Liu
- Zhejiang Weikang Pharmaceutical Company 15 Xinggong North Road 324100 Jiangshan Zhejiang Province P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University 866 Yuhangtang Road 310058 Hangzhou Zhejiang Province P.R. China
| | - Longhu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University 866 Yuhangtang Road 310058 Hangzhou Zhejiang Province P.R. China
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Alkan C, Çabuk H. Matrix‐induced sugaring‐out liquid‐liquid microextraction coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in fruit jams. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202200039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Alkan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University Zonguldak Turkey
| | - Hasan Çabuk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University Zonguldak Turkey
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DES-based vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction procedure developed for the determination of paraben preservatives in mouthwashes. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Dalmaz A, Sivrikaya Özak S. Green deep eutectic solvent assisted liquid–liquid microextraction procedure for Sunset Yellow dye in effervescent vitamin C tablets. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-021-02454-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kaykhaii M, Hashemi SH, Andarz F, Piri A, Sargazi G. Chromium-based metal organic framework for pipette tip micro-solid phase extraction: an effective approach for determination of methyl and propyl parabens in wastewater and shampoo samples. BMC Chem 2021; 15:60. [PMID: 34740383 PMCID: PMC8571821 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-021-00786-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A chromium-based metal organic framework was synthesized and employed as an efficient sorbent for pipette tip micro-solid phase extraction and preconcentration of parabens from wastewater and shampoo samples up to sub-ppb level before their spectrophotometric analysis. RESULTS Factors affecting preconcentration including volume and type of solvent, amount of sorbent, number of extraction, and volume and pH of samples were optimized employing one-variable-at-a-time and response surface methodology. Obtained analytical characteristics of the method proves its usefulness for analysis of real samples. Linear range of the method for parabens was 1.0-200.0 μg/L. Detection limit of the protocol was 0.24 µg/L for propyl paraben and 0.25 µg/L for methyl paraben. Reproducibility of the protocol defined as % RSD was better than 5.78%. Synthesized adsorbent can be re-used for at least 20 extractions. CONCLUSION The method showed a good detection limit and precision for determination of methyl- and propyl-paraben in wastewater and shampoo samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massoud Kaykhaii
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, 98136-674, Iran.
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Sayyed Hossein Hashemi
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Science, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran
| | - Fariba Andarz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, 98136-674, Iran
| | - Amin Piri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, 98136-674, Iran
| | - Ghasem Sargazi
- Nanomaterial Technology Department, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Centre, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
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Recent Advances in Sample Preparation for Cosmetics and Personal Care Products Analysis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164900. [PMID: 34443488 PMCID: PMC8399500 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of cosmetics and personal care products is increasing worldwide. Their high matrix complexity, together with the wide range of products currently marketed under different forms imply a challenge for their analysis, most of them requiring a sample pre-treatment step before analysis. Classical sample preparation methodologies involve large amounts of organic solvents as well as multiple steps resulting in large time consumption. Therefore, in recent years, the trends have been moved towards the development of simple, sustainable, and environmentally friendly methodologies in two ways: (i) the miniaturization of conventional procedures allowing a reduction in the consumption of solvents and reagents; and (ii) the development and application of sorbent- and liquid-based microextraction technologies to obtain a high analyte enrichment, avoiding or significantly reducing the use of organic solvents. This review provides an overview of analytical methodology during the last ten years, placing special emphasis on sample preparation to analyse cosmetics and personal care products. The use of liquid–liquid and solid–liquid extraction (LLE, SLE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), solid-phase extraction (SPE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), matrix solid-phase extraction (MSPD), and liquid- and sorbent-based microextraction techniques will be reviewed. The most recent advances and future trends including the development of new materials and green solvents will be also addressed.
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Falsafi Z, Raofie F, Ariya PA. Supercritical fluid extraction followed by supramolecular solvent microextraction as a fast and efficient preconcentration method for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in apple peels. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1154-1163. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Falsafi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and pollutantsShahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran
| | - Farhad Raofie
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and pollutantsShahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran
| | - Parisa A. Ariya
- Departments of Chemistry and Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesMcGill University Montreal PQ Canada
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Kemmerich M, Demarco M, Bernardi G, Prestes OD, Adaime MB, Zanella R. Balls-in-tube matrix solid phase dispersion (BiT-MSPD): An innovative and simplified technique for multiresidue determination of pesticides in fruit samples. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1612:460640. [PMID: 31668414 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sample preparation of complex matrices, like food samples, continues to be a challenge demanding great effort for improvements. In this study, a new technique named balls-in-tube matrix solid-phase dispersion (BiT-MSPD) is proposed based on a simplification of the conventional MSPD technique being all sample preparation performed directly in a closed extraction tube with the assistance of steel balls. An innovative method using BiT-MSPD was successfully established for the determination of 133 pesticide residues in apple, peach, pear and plum by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Several sorbents were evaluated as solid support in different proportions with the sample. The homogenization step using mortar, glass rod or steel balls, with methanol and acetonitrile as extraction solvent, was evaluated. Vortex and ultrasound assisted extractions were also tested. Best results were obtained with C18, homogenization with steel balls, acetonitrile as solvent and ultrasound assisted extraction. Validation presented adequate trueness and precision results for the evaluated pesticides with recovery results ranging from 72 to 113% and RSD ≤ 17%. Practical limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for the compounds were 3 and 10 µg kg-1, respectively. The developed method proved to be easier and faster to perform than the MSPD, considering that extraction and clean-up are performed in the same tube without the need to transfer to cartridges, recipients or to use a separate clean-up step. The proposed BiT-MSPD technique was successfully applied to fruit samples and has great potential to be applied in other matrices, like cereals and meat, since the steel balls promote an efficient sample dispersion and extraction of pesticides. The BiT-MSPD permit a fully automation of the entire sample preparation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Kemmerich
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residue Analysis (LARP), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marisa Demarco
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residue Analysis (LARP), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabrieli Bernardi
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residue Analysis (LARP), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Osmar D Prestes
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residue Analysis (LARP), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Martha B Adaime
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residue Analysis (LARP), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Renato Zanella
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residue Analysis (LARP), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Wei M, Liu C, Zhang H, Jiang L, Yan J, Chu C. Molecular-sieve-based matrix solid-phase extraction combined with field-amplified sample stacking in capillary electrophoresis for the determination of three organic acids in a complex solid matrix. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3742-3750. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Caijing Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Huan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Luyi Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Jizhong Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Chu Chu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
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Du KZ, Chen Y, Li J, Tang G, Tian F, He J, Chang Y. Quantification of eight active ingredients in crude and processed radix polygoni multiflori applying miniaturized matrix solid-phase dispersion microextraction followed by UHPLC. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3486-3495. [PMID: 30028075 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, efficient, and green sample preparation method has been developed to extract eight active ingredients (gallic acid, catechins, epicatechin, polydatin, 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside, resveratrol, emodin, and physcion) in radix polygoni multiflori by miniaturized matrix solid-phase dispersion microextraction. Simple and sensitive ultra high performance liquid chromatography combined with ultraviolet detection has been applied to analyze the multiple compounds. The best results were obtained by adding 25 mg sample into 25 mg adsorbent and grinding for 2 min with disorganized silica as adsorbent and 1 mL 150 mM 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide as a green eluting solvent. Good linearity (r2 > 0.998) for each analyte was obtained by this method. The intra-day and inter-day precision (RSD) were both below 5.31%, and the recoveries of the analytes ranged from 93.3 to 100.0%. This simple miniaturized matrix solid-phase dispersion microextraction method for analyzing the compounds in radix polygoni multiflori needs a short time and requires little sample and reagent. Thus, this method is far more eco-friendly and efficient than traditional extraction methods (reflux and ultrasound-assisted extraction). The present investigation provided a promising method for the fast preparation and discrimination of chemical differences in crude and processed radix polygoni multiflori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ze Du
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Ge Tang
- Department of Nephrology. The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Tian
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun He
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanxu Chang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
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