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Le TD, Suttikhana I, Ashaolu TJ. State of the art on the separation and purification of proteins by magnetic nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:363. [PMID: 37794459 PMCID: PMC10548632 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The need for excellent, affordable, rapid, reusable and biocompatible protein purification techniques is justified based on the roles of proteins as key biomacromolecules. Magnetic nanomaterials nowadays have become the subject of discussion in proteomics, drug delivery, and gene sensing due to their various abilities including rapid separation, superparamagnetism, and biocompatibility. These nanomaterials also referred to as magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) serve as excellent options for traditional protein separation and analytical methods because they have a larger surface area per volume. From ionic metals to carbon-based materials, MNPs are easily functionalized by modifying their surface to precisely recognize and bind proteins. This review excavates state-of-the-art MNPs and their functionalizing agents, as efficient protein separation and purification techniques, including ionic metals, polymers, biomolecules, antibodies, and graphene. The MNPs could be reused and efficaciously manipulated with these nanomaterials leading to highly improved efficiency, adsorption, desorption, and purity rate. We also discuss the binding and selectivity parameters of the MNPs, as well as their future outlook. It is concluded that parameters like charge, size, core-shell, lipophilicity, lipophobicity, and surface energy of the MNPs are crucial when considering protein selectivity, chelation, separation, and purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Do Le
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Itthanan Suttikhana
- Department of Multifunctional Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tolulope Joshua Ashaolu
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam.
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Amirahmadi M, Hosseinkhani S, Hosseini M, Yaghmei P, Heydari A. Fe 3O 4@SiO 2@NiAl-LDH microspheres implication in separation, kinetic and structural properties of phenylalanine dehydrogenase. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19429. [PMID: 37809670 PMCID: PMC10558515 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fe3O4@SiO2@NiAl-LDH three-components microsphere contains a Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic core and a layered double hydroxide with nickel cation provide the binding ability to (His)-tagged-protein and exhibits high performance in protein separation and purification. The morphology and chemistry of the synthesized Fe3O4@SiO2@NiAl-LDH microspheres were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS). Purified enzyme was assesed with SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy. In this study, the separation of phenylalanine dehydrogenase (PheDH) by Fe3O4@SiO2@NiAl -LDH was performed and the effect of microsphere was investigated on the kinetic and structural properties of PheDH. After purification, kinetic parameters such as Km, Vmax, Kcat, kcat/Km, optimum temperature, thermal stability, and and activation energy were evaluated and compared according to the mentioned methods. The interaction between the enzyme and the microsphere displayed a high performance in protein binding capacity. The results also revealed that the kinetic parameters of the enzyme changed in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of a microsphere. Moreover, the results of intrinsic fluorescence and Circular Dichroism (CD) confirmed the structural changes of the protein in the interaction with the microsphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Amirahmadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Hosseinkhani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-175, Iran
| | - Morteza Hosseini
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614418, Iran
| | - Paricher Yaghmei
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akbar Heydari
- Chemistry Department, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14155-4838, Tehran, Iran
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Vedarethinam V, Jeevanandam J, Acquah C, Danquah MK. Magnetic Nanoparticles for Protein Separation and Purification. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2699:125-159. [PMID: 37646997 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3362-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are essential for various functions such as brain activity and muscle contraction in humans. Even though food is a source of proteins, the bioavailability of proteins in most foods is usually limited due to matrix interaction with other biomolecules. Thus, it is essential to extract these proteins and provide them as a nutraceutical supplement to maintain protein levels and avoid protein deficiency. Hence, protein purification and extraction from natural sources are highly significant in biomedical applications. Chromatography, crude mechanical disruption, use of extractive chemicals, and electrophoresis are some of the methods applied to isolate specific proteins. Even though these methods possess several advantages, they are unable to extract specific proteins with high purity. A suitable alternative is the use of nanoparticles, which can be beneficial in protein purification and extraction. Notably, magnetic iron and iron-based nanoparticles have been employed in protein extraction processes and can be reused via demagnetization due to their magnetic property, smaller size, morphology, high surface-to-volume ratio, and surface charge-mediated property. This chapter is a summary of various magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) that can be used for the biomolecular separation of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadanasundari Vedarethinam
- Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jaison Jeevanandam
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Caleb Acquah
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael K Danquah
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN, USA.
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Çelik SY, Solak K, Mavi A. Sulfanilamide Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles for Purification of Carbonic Anhydrase from Bovine Blood. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:3900-3913. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03983-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Dong W, Wang K, Zhao L, Li T, Wang Q, Ding Z. Selective immobilization of his-tagged phosphomannose isomerase on Ni chelated nanoparticles with good reusability and activity. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100497. [PMID: 34958513 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, self-stable precipitation polymerization was used to prepare the enzyme-immobilized microsphere composite. Phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) with His-tag was successfully immobilized on Ni 2+ charged pyridine-derived particles. The maximum amount of PMI immobilized on such particles was ~ 184 mg/g. Compared with the free enzymes, the activity of the immobilized enzymes has been significantly improved. In addition, the immoblized enzymes showed a much better thermostability than free enzymes. At the same time, the immobilized enzymes can be reused for multiple reaction cycles. We have observed that the enzyme activity did not decrease significantly after 6 cycles of repeating usages. We conclude that the pyridine-derived particles can be used to selectively immobilize His-tagged enzymes, which can couple the enzyme purification and catalysis steps and improve the efficiency of enzyme-catalyzed industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifu Dong
- Jiangnan University, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Lihu Road 1800, 214122, Wuxi, CHINA
| | - Kangjing Wang
- Jiangnan University, school of chemical and material engineering, CHINA
| | - Liting Zhao
- Jiangnan University, School of Biotechnology, CHINA
| | - Ting Li
- Jiangnan University, school of chemical and material engineering, CHINA
| | - Qian Wang
- University of South Carolina, Chemistry and Biochemistry, UNITED STATES
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A novel nickel-modified nano-magnetite for isolation of histidine-tagged proteins expressed in Escherichia coli. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:6813-6821. [PMID: 34491395 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03637-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nano-magnetite with superparamagnetism could be coated by some organic compounds or by nano Au or Pt via surface modifications with multi-step reactions for the applications of isolating histidine-tagged (His-tagged) proteins. Introducing active sites of binding histidine onto the surface of nano-magnetite was the ultimate task. However, multi-step treatments might result in departure of the coatings from the surface of the nano-magnetite, which led to loss of active sites. In this work, we reported a convenient and efficient way of treating nano-magnetites and applied them in isolating His-tagged proteins. Carboxylates were introduced on the surface of home-made nano-magnetite directly via ultrasonic mixing with sodium bitartrate rather than complicated surface modifications, which was proved by thermogravimetric analyses. Ni2+ was, therefore, caught by the carboxylates of the coating via the coordinate interaction, demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectra. The coated magnetic nanoparticles with the bonded Ni2+ were successfully employed to selectively bind and separate recombinant His-tagged proteins directly from the mixture of Escherichia coli cell lysate, and showed wonderful affinity for His-tagged proteins with the saturated adsorption amount being 556 mg g-1. Additionally, such functionalized nano-magnetite manifested the excellent recyclability in isolating His-tagged proteins.
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Qiu L, Zhou S, Li Y, Rui W, Cui P, Zhang C, Yu Y, Wang C, Wang X, Wang J, Jiang P. Silica-Coated Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticles as a Bifunctional Agent for Magnetic Resonance Imaging and ZnII Fluorescent Sensing. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211036539. [PMID: 34350798 PMCID: PMC8358497 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211036539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifunctional magnetic/fluorescent core-shell silica nanospheres (MNPs) encapsulated with the magnetic Fe3O4 core and a derivate of 8-amimoquinoline (N-(quinolin-8-yl)-2-(3-(triethoxysilyl) propylamino) acetamide) (QTEPA) into the shell were synthesized. These functional MNPs were prepared with a modified stöber method and the formed Fe3O4@SiO2-QTEPA core-shell nanocomposites are biocompatible, water-dispersible, and stable. These prepared nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray power diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermoelectric plasma Quad II inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), TG/DTA thermal analyzer (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Further application of the nanoparticles in detecting Zn2+ was confirmed by the fluorescence experiment: the nanosensor shows high selectivity and sensitivity to Zn2+ with a 22-fold fluorescence emission enhancement in the presence of 10 μM Zn2+. Moreover, the transverse relaxivity measurements show that the core-shell MNPs have T2 relaxivity (r2) of 155.05 mM-1 S-1 based on Fe concentration on the 3.0 T scanner, suggesting that the compound can be used as a negative contrast agent for MRI. Further in vivo experiments showed that these MNPs could be used as MRI contrast agent. Therefore, the new nanosensor provides the dual modality of magnetic resonance imaging and optical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qiu
- School of Pharmacy & School of Medicine, 12412Changzhou University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Science Standard Medical Testing Co., Ltd, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuwen Zhou
- School of Pharmacy & School of Medicine, 12412Changzhou University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Pharmacy & School of Medicine, 12412Changzhou University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Rui
- School of Pharmacy & School of Medicine, 12412Changzhou University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Cui
- School of Pharmacy & School of Medicine, 12412Changzhou University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Changli Zhang
- School of Environmental Science, 74587Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Yu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, 481875Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy & School of Medicine, 12412Changzhou University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Wang
- The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhao Wang
- School of Pharmacy & School of Medicine, 12412Changzhou University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China.,School of Environmental Science, 74587Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Changzhou Le Sun Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengju Jiang
- School of Pharmacy & School of Medicine, 12412Changzhou University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
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Zhou L, Li R, Li X, Zhang Y. One-step selective affinity purification and immobilization of His-tagged enzyme by recyclable magnetic nanoparticles. Eng Life Sci 2021; 21:364-373. [PMID: 34140847 PMCID: PMC8182278 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202000093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The NiFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles (NF-MNPs) were prepared for one-step selective affinity purification and immobilization of His-tagged recombinant glucose dehydrogenase (GluDH). The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by a Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer and microscopy. The immobilization and purification of His-tagged GluDH on NF-MNPs were investigated. The optimal immobilization conditions were obtained that mixed cell lysis and carriers in a ratio of 0.13 in pH 8.0 Tris-HCl buffer at 30℃ and incubated for 2 h. The highest activity recovery and protein bindings were 71.39% and 38.50 μg mg-1 support, respectively. The immobilized GluDH exhibited high thermostability, pH-stability and it can retain more than 65% of the initial enzyme after 10 cycles for the conversion of glucose to gluconolactone. Comparing with a commercial Ni-NTA resin, the NF-MNPs displayed a higher specific affinity with His-tagged recombinant GluDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Jian Zhou
- The People's Hospital of DanyangAffiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong UniversityDanyangJiangsu ProvinceP. R. China
| | - Rui‐Fang Li
- School of PharmacyJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangP. R. China
| | - Xue‐Yong Li
- School of PharmacyJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangP. R. China
| | - Ye‐Wang Zhang
- School of PharmacyJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangP. R. China
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Minkner R, Xu J, Takemura K, Boonyakida J, Wätzig H, Park EY. Ni-modified magnetic nanoparticles for affinity purification of His-tagged proteins from the complex matrix of the silkworm fat body. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:159. [PMID: 33158450 PMCID: PMC7648358 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00715-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purification of recombinant proteins is often a challenging matter because high purity and high recovery are desired. If the expressed recombinant protein is also in a complex matrix, such as from the silkworm expression system, purification becomes more challenging. Even if purification from the silkworm expression system is troublesome, it benefits from a high capacity for the production of recombinant proteins. In this study, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were investigated as a suitable tool for the purification of proteins from the complex matrix of the silkworm fat body. The MNPs were modified with nickel so that they have an affinity for His-tagged proteins, as the MNP purification protocol itself does not need special equipment except for a magnet. Among the three different kinds of investigated MNPs, MNPs with sizes of 100 nm to 200 nm and approximately 20 nm-thick nickel shells were the most suitable for our purpose. With them, the total protein amount was reduced by up to at least approximately 77.7%, with a protein recovery of around 50.8% from the silkworm fat body. The minimum binding capacity was estimated to be 83.3 µg protein/mg MNP. Therefore, these MNPs are a promising tool as a purification pretreatment of complex sample matrices.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Minkner
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.,Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 55, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jian Xu
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Green Chemistry Research Division, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.,Institute of Biology and Information Science, Biomedical Synthetic Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Kenshin Takemura
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Jirayu Boonyakida
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Hermann Wätzig
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 55, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Enoch Y Park
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan. .,Laboratory of Biotechnology, Green Chemistry Research Division, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
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Silica microspheres functionalized with the iminodiacetic acid/copper(II) complex as a peroxidase mimic for use in metal affinity chromatography-based colorimetric determination of histidine-tagged proteins. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:121. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-4087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ebeler M, Pilgram F, Wellhöfer T, Frankenfeld K, Franzreb M. First comprehensive view on a magnetic separation based protein purification processes: From process development to cleaning validation of a GMP-ready magnetic separator. Eng Life Sci 2019; 19:591-601. [PMID: 32625035 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201800183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic separation processes are known as integrated bioanalytical protein purification method since decades and are well described. However, use of magnetic separation processes in a regulated industrial production environment has been prevented by the lack of suitable process equipment and prejudice against the productivity of the process and its qualification for cleaning-in-place operation. With the aim of overcoming this prejudice, a comprehensive process development approach is presented, based on a GMP-compliant magnetic separator, including an optimization of the batch adsorption process, implementation into a technical-scale, and the development and validation of cleaning routines for the device. By the implementation of a two-step counter-current binding process, it was possible to raise the yields of the magnetic separation process even for very low concentrated targets in a vast surplus of competing proteins, like the hormone equine chorionic gonadotropin in serum, from 74% to over 95%. For the validation of the cleaning process, a direct surface swabbing method combined with a total organic carbon analysis was established for the determination of two model contaminants. The cleanability of the process equipment was proven for both model contaminants by reliably meeting the 10 ppm criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Ebeler
- Institute of Functional Interfaces Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Florian Pilgram
- Institute of Functional Interfaces Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Thomas Wellhöfer
- fzmb GmbH, Forschungszentrum für Medizintechnik und Biotechnologie Bad Langensalza Germany
| | - Katrin Frankenfeld
- fzmb GmbH, Forschungszentrum für Medizintechnik und Biotechnologie Bad Langensalza Germany
| | - Matthias Franzreb
- Institute of Functional Interfaces Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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