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Antonio M, Alcaraz MR, Culzoni MJ. Advances on multiclass pesticide residue determination in citrus fruits and citrus-derived products - A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34525-x. [PMID: 39088175 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34525-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The application of agrochemicals in citrus fruits is widely used to improve the quality of crops, increase production yields, and prolong post-harvest life. However, these substances are potentially toxic for humans and the ecosystem due to their widespread use, high stability, and bioaccumulation. Conventional techniques for determining pesticide residues in citrus fruits are chromatographic methods coupled with different detectors. However, in recent years, the need for analytical strategies that are less polluting for the environment has encouraged the appearance of new alternatives, such as sensors and biosensors, which allow selective and sensitive detection of pesticide residues in real time. A comprehensive overview of the analytical platforms used to determine pesticide residues in citrus fruits and citrus-derived products is presented herein. The review focuses on the evolution of these methods since 2015, their limitations, and possible future perspectives for improving pesticide residue determination and reducing environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Antonio
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires, 1425, Argentina
| | - Mirta R Alcaraz
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires, 1425, Argentina
| | - María J Culzoni
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires, 1425, Argentina.
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2
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Morsi R, Ghoudi K, Meetani MA. Determination and health risk assessment of carbamate pesticide residues in date palm fruits (Phoenix dactylifera) using QuEChERS method and UHPLC-MS/MS. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13064. [PMID: 38844596 PMCID: PMC11156656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63704-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate carbamate pesticide residues in different varieties of date palm fruits in the UAE, utilizing UHPLC-MS/MS. For sample preparation and clean-up, the efficiency and performance of different QuEChERS dispersive solid-phase extraction kits were compared. Precision and recovery were assessed at 10 μg kg-1 for the three kits, revealing that Kit 2 demonstrated the best performance. The selected QuEChERS method was validated to detect 14 carbamate residues in 55 date samples. The method exhibited strong linearity with R2 > 0.999 and low LOD (0.01-0.005 μg kg-1) and LOQ (0.003-0.04 μg kg-1). Excellent accuracy (recovery: 88-106%) and precision (RSD: 1-11%) were observed, with negligible matrix effect (- 4.98-13.26%). All samples contained at least one carbamate residue. While most detected residues were below their MRLs, carbosulfan was found in 21 samples, propoxur in 2 samples, and carbofuran in 1 sample above their MRLs. The hazard index (HI) was calculated for carbosulfan, phenmedipham, carbaryl, propoxur, carbofuran, and methomyl to assess potential health risks for date consumers. All HI values were below the safety limit of 1.0, indicating that the consumption of dates does not pose a non-carcinogenic health risk for adults and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Morsi
- Chemistry department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P. O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kilani Ghoudi
- Department of Statistics, College of Business and Economics, United Arab Emirates University, P. O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed A Meetani
- Chemistry department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P. O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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Zhang Y, Wang M, Silipunyo T, Huang H, Yin Q, Han B, Wang M. Risk Assessment of Triflumezopyrim and Imidacloprid in Rice through an Evaluation of Residual Data. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27175685. [PMID: 36080451 PMCID: PMC9458175 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Triflumezopyrim, a novel mesoionic insecticide used to control planthoppers, is a potential substitute for imidacloprid. In this study, triflumezopyrim and imidacloprid residues in rice were determined using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe procedure combined with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The limit of quantification of both triflumezopyrim and imidacloprid was 0.01 mg kg−1, and the average recovery values were 94–104% and 91–106%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1.1–1.4% and 2.1–3.4% (n = 5), respectively. The consumer protection level was assessed by calculating the theoretical maximum daily intake using the reported maximum residue limits of triflumezopyrim and imidacloprid. The established method was successfully applied to 200 commercial rice samples collected from four provinces in China, and their potential public health risks were assessed using triflumezopyrim and imidacloprid residues. The risk associated with triflumezopyrim and imidacloprid dietary intake was assessed by calculating the national estimated short-term intake and the acute reference dose percentage (%ARfD). The results show that the theoretical maximum daily intake (NEDI) values of triflumezopyrim and imidacloprid in different age and gender groups were 0.219–0.543 and 0.377–0.935 μg kg−1 d−1 bw, and the risk quotient (RQ) values were 0.188–0.467% and 0.365–0.906%, respectively. The acute reference dose (%ARfD) of triflumezopyrim and imidaclopridin ranged from 0.615 to 0.998% and from 0.481 to 0.780%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Meiran Wang
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Thiphavanh Silipunyo
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Haikou 571101, China
- Plant Protection Center, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane P.O. Box 811, Laos
| | - Haizhu Huang
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Qingchun Yin
- Hainan Institute for Food Control, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Bingjun Han
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Haikou 571101, China
- Correspondence: (B.H.); (M.W.)
| | - Mingyue Wang
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Haikou 571101, China
- Correspondence: (B.H.); (M.W.)
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Evaluation of various clean-up sorbents in kale followed by LC-MS/MS analysis of pesticides. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:787-796. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Wu X, Li T, Feng H, Xie Y, Liu F, Tong K, Fan C, Liu Y, Chen H. Multi‐residue analysis of 206 pesticides in grass forage by the one‐step quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method combined with ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:2520-2528. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingqiang Wu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Beijing 100176 P. R. China
| | - Tiemei Li
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Beijing 100176 P. R. China
| | - Hailing Feng
- Laboratory of Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co. Ltd Qiqihar 164800 P. R. China
| | - Yujie Xie
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Beijing 100176 P. R. China
| | - Fangyu Liu
- Laboratory of Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co. Ltd Qiqihar 164800 P. R. China
| | - Kaixuan Tong
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Beijing 100176 P. R. China
| | - Chunlin Fan
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Beijing 100176 P. R. China
| | - Yingtao Liu
- Laboratory of Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co. Ltd Qiqihar 164800 P. R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Beijing 100176 P. R. China
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Bakhshizadeh Aghdam M, Farajzadeh MA, Afshar Mogaddam MR. Partially carbonized cellulose filter paper as a green adsorbent for the extraction of pesticides from fruit juices. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1648:462220. [PMID: 33992997 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a new solid phase extraction method based on the use of a low-cost funnel-shaped partially carbonized cellulose filter paper as a sorbent has been developed. The sorbent is easily prepared by heating the folded filter paper wetted with sulfuric acid solution and can be reused for several times. It is combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and used for the extraction of some pesticide residues from fruit juice samples prior to their analysis by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. In this work, limits of detection and quantification were in the ranges of 0.30-0.61 and 1.0-2.0 µg L-1, respectively, and relative standard deviations ranged between 3 and 6% for intra- (n=5) and inter-day (n=5) precisions at a concentration of 25 µg L-1 of each pesticide. The enrichment factors of 452-751 were achieved. Extraction recoveries were in the range of 45-75%. The calibration curves had wide linear ranges with a good linearity (coefficient of determination ≥ 0.994). Finally, efficiency of the method was apprised by determining the analytes in fruit juice samples and relative recoveries were found to be in the range of 85-101%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Engineering Faculty, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey; Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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7
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Islam AKMM, Noh HH, Ro JH, Kim D, Oh MS, Son K, Kwon H. Optimization and validation of a method for the determination of acidic pesticides in cabbage and spinach by modifying QuEChERS procedure and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1173:122667. [PMID: 33915385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method was developed and combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to analyze 12 acidic pesticides in cabbage and spinach. The extraction solvents, phase partition salts and sorbents effect was studied to optimize the method followed by dilution before sample injection. The extraction involved 5% formic acid in acetonitrile, and the liquid-liquid partition was salt-induced. Carbopack Z, a high surface area graphitized carbon black, was a new sorbent used in the clean-up. The results show that Carbopack Z effectively removes interferences with little loss of acidic pesticides. All tested pesticide recoveries were satisfactory when Carbopack Z was combined with C18 in the clean-up at optimized condition. After clean-up, the extract was subjected to 10-fold dilution to sufficiently reduce the matrix effect (<20%). The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 1-5 ng/g, and the mean recovery was between 95 and 110% with a relative standard deviation <20% (between 2% and 10%) for the spiking of three concentrations: 5, 50, and 500 ng/g. The extract was less pigmented in the modified QuEChERS method than its original version. Thus, the modified method is a useful alternative for investigating the acidic pesticide residues in cabbage and spinach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul Kasem Mohammad Mydul Islam
- Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Noh
- Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Ro
- Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Danbi Kim
- Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Oh
- Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungae Son
- Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Kwon
- Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea; Planning and Coordination Bureau, Rural Development Administration, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabukdo, 54875, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Löbbert A, Schanzer S, Krehenwinkel H, Bracher F, Müller C. Determination of multi pesticide residues in leaf and needle samples using a modified QuEChERS approach and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:1138-1146. [PMID: 33576365 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay02329a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In order to gain a better insight into pesticide and pollutant exposure in forests, a rapid and sensitive gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method for the determination of 208 pesticide residues in leaves and needles has been established. The modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) approach uses 2 g of homogenized sample, acetonitrile and water as extraction agents, combined with citrate buffer for the following salting out step. The limits of quantification (LOQs) were determined to 0.0025-0.05 mg kg-1, respectively. Calibration curves showed a linear range between the respective LOQ and 1.0 mg kg-1 with coefficients of determination (R2) ≥ 0.99 for all analyzed pesticides. The recovery rates ranged from 69.7% to 92.0% with a relative standard deviation below 20%. The analysis of beech leaves, spruce and pine needles (each n = 3) provided a proof of concept for the developed methodology and revealed the presence of six pesticide residues (boscalid, epoxiconazole, fenpropimorph, lindane, terbuthylazine, terbuthylazine-desethyl). The results underline the strong need for systematic surveillance of the uncontrollable exposure of pesticides to nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnelle Löbbert
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Butenandstr. 5-13, DE-81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Sonja Schanzer
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Butenandstr. 5-13, DE-81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Henrik Krehenwinkel
- Department of Biogeography, Umweltprobenbank des Bundes, University of Trier, Universitiätsring 15, 54296 Trier, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Butenandstr. 5-13, DE-81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Butenandstr. 5-13, DE-81377 Munich, Germany.
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Liu T, Zhou J, He L, Gan J. Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in Chinese mitten crabs ( Eriocheir sinensis) using modified QuEChERS followed by GC-MS. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:2398-2406. [PMID: 32930266 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00519c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) are one of the most popular food items with a high nutritional value. The use of pesticides and environmental pollutants directly influenced improvements in productivity of mitten crabs. However, there is an increasing number of food safety issues raising consumer concerns. It is necessary to determine whether the pollutants that crabs contain are below the maximum residue limits to guarantee food safety. Moreover, there has been very little research on detecting pesticide residues and other pollutants in Chinese mitten crabs due to their complicated matrix effects. In the current study, a Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) method has been modified and validated for the simultaneous analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in mitten crabs. By using acetonitrile extraction, low temperature (freezing) precipitation and clean-up by mixed sorbents of C18, PSA and Florisil (magnesium silicate), the method was proved to be valid with linearity, precision, recovery, limit of quantification (LOQ), and limit of detection (LOD) with recoveries ranging from 85.9-119.8% and LOQ within 0.1-3.6 μg kg-1. The method was also applied to detect PCBs and OCPs in 48 crab samples from Jiangxi Province, China. The results showed that most of the crab samples contained PCB 118, beta-HCH and p,p'-DDT, and the content of p,p'-DDD in mitten crabs of Jiangxi Province showed sex-specific differences, which might be connected with sex-differential regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jianguang Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Li He
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jinhua Gan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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Cao X, Fang M, Dong D, Ye B, Xu J, Ye X, Mo W. Dispersive liquid-liquid extraction based on magnetic Pickering emulsion followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of aldehydes in environmental water samples. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:2401-2408. [PMID: 32160648 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A dispersive liquid-liquid extraction based on Pickering emulsion stabilized with ferroferric oxide grafted nitrogen-doped graphitized carbon black has been developed to simultaneously determine seven aldehydes in environmental water samples, in combination with pentafluorobenzyl hydroxylamine precolumn derivatization gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The nitrogen-doped graphitized carbon was prepared from dicyandiamide waste residue with a simple acid wash process. The effects of magnetic emulsifier amount, extraction time, solution pH, and oil/water volume ratio on the formation of magnetically responsive Pickering emulsion and the extraction efficiency of the proposed dispersive liquid-liquid extraction were also investigated. Under the optimized conditions, satisfactory linearities were obtained for all aldehydes with correlation coefficients larger than 0.9984. The limits of detection and quantitation of seven aldehydes were in the range of 17.3-30.1 ng/L and 54.3-103.4 ng/L, respectively, with intra- and interday relative standard deviations less than 8.6%. The mean recoveries at three spiked levels ranged from 70.0 to 101.4%. With the Pickering emulsion as a "minimized extractor", the extraction was accomplished within 5 min. After extraction, the magnetic disperser could be recovered for reuse at least five times by an external magnetic field. The proposed method was demonstrated to be feasible, simple, and economic for the trace analysis of the aldehydes in environmental water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoji Cao
- Research Center of Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Mei Fang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Danqi Dong
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Beibei Ye
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xuemin Ye
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Weimin Mo
- Research Center of Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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11
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Gallego R, Tardif C, Parreira C, Guerra T, Alves MJ, Ibáñez E, Herrero M. Simultaneous extraction and purification of fucoxanthin from Tisochrysis lutea microalgae using compressed fluids. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1967-1977. [PMID: 32045088 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The marine microalga Tisochrysis lutea, a Haptophyta with a thin cell wall and currently used mainly in aquaculture is a potential source of several bioactive compounds of interest such as carotenoids. In the present study, the simultaneous extraction and purification of fucoxanthin, the main carotenoid from T. lutea, was optimized using pressurized fluid extraction followed by in-cell purification. An experimental design was employed to maximize carotenoids' extraction; the experimental factors chosen were: (i) percentage of ethanol/ethyl acetate (0-100 %), (ii) temperature (40-150°C), and (iii) number of static extraction cycles (1-3). The maximum carotenoids' recovery, mainly fucoxanthin, was obtained with pure ethyl acetate at 40°C using one extraction cycle, achieving values of 132.8 mg of carotenoids per gram of extract. Once the optimum extraction conditions were confirmed, in-cell purification strategies using different adsorbents were developed to obtain fucoxanthin-enriched extracts. Activated charcoal showed potential retention of chlorophylls allowing an effective purification of fucoxanthin in the obtained extracts. Chemical characterization of extracts was carried out by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. Therefore, a selective fractionation of high value compounds was achieved using the proposed green downstream platform based on the use of compressed fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Gallego
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Charles Tardif
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Celina Parreira
- A4F - Algae for Future, Campus do Lumiar, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago Guerra
- A4F - Algae for Future, Campus do Lumiar, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria João Alves
- A4F - Algae for Future, Campus do Lumiar, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Herrero
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
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12
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Wu Y, An Q, Wu J, Li P, He J, Pan C. Development and evaluation of an automated multi-channel multiplug filtration cleanup device for pesticide residue analysis on mulberry leaves and processed tea. RSC Adv 2020; 10:2589-2597. [PMID: 35496093 PMCID: PMC9048779 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09660d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An automated multi-channel multiplug filtration cleanup (m-PFC) device was designed and developed. m-PFC columns were suitably installed in the device. The cycle times, speed and nitrogen pressure parameters of the m-PFC column were optimized. The device was utilized to analyze the 82 pesticide residues in fresh mulberry leaves and processed tea with GC-MS/MS detection. Method validation was performed on 82 pesticide residues in fresh mulberry leaves and processed tea at spiked levels of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.5 mg kg−1. The fortified recoveries of 82 pesticides were 72–115% and the relative standard deviations were 1–15%, except for diniconazole and clodinafop-propargyl in mulberry leaves. The automated multi-channel m-PFC device was successfully applied to detect the pesticide residues in fresh mulberry leaves and processed tea samples. With comparison to the conventional QuEChERS method, the current method using this device did not need additional vortex or centrifugation steps, and could process 48–64 samples in about one hour. The automated m-PFC method saved labor and improved the precision and was shown to be efficient and practical in pesticide residue analysis. An automated device based on QuEChERS cleanup was developed, which is simple, fully automated, highly precise and highly efficient.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangliu Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- College of Science
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Quanshun An
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- College of Science
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- College of Science
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Ping Li
- Raykol Group Co. Ltd
- Xiamen
- China
| | | | - Canping Pan
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- College of Science
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- China
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