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Mir KB, Abrol V, Singh N, Khan NA, Dar AA, Alahmadi TA, Ansari MJ. Spectroscopic characterization and pharmacokinetic evaluation of amorphous solid dispersions of glibenclamide for bioavailability enhancement in Wistar rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5901. [PMID: 38816948 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Oral bioavailability of glibenclamide (Glb) was appreciably improved by the formation of an amorphous solid dispersion with Poloxamer-188 (P-188). Poloxamer-188 substantially enhanced the solubility and thereby the dissolution rate of the biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) class II drug Glb and simultaneously exhibited a better stabilizing effect of the amorphous solid dispersion prepared by the solvent evaporation method. The physical state of the dispersed Glb in the polymeric matrix was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared studies. In vitro drug release in buffer (pH 7.2) revealed that the amorphous solid dispersion at a Glb-P-188 ratio of 1:6 (SDE4) improved the dissolution of Glb by 90% within 3 h. A pharmacokinetic study of the solid dispersion formulation SDE4 in Wistar rats showed that the oral bioavailability of the drug was greatly increased as compared with the market tablet formulation, Daonil®. The formulation SDE4 resulted in an AUC0-24h ~2-fold higher. The SDE4 formulation was found to be stable during the study period of 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Bashir Mir
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, K. R. Mangalam University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Vidushi Abrol
- Fermentation and Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu Tawi, India
| | - Nasseb Singh
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, India
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. Gandhi Memorial Science College Jammu (a Constituent College of Cluster University of Jammu), Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Nisar A Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Alamgir A Dar
- Research Centre for Residue and Quality Analysis, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Tahani Awad Alahmadi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly), Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
- College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Heck KL, Si L, Jung DJ, Calderón AI. Application of eco-friendly natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) in HPLC for separation of complex natural products: Current limitations and future directions. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 244:116102. [PMID: 38547649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have been used in chromatography as extraction media and HPLC mobile phase additives, but only once have they been used as HPLC major mobile phase component. This review illustrates current knowledge and major limitations on use of NADES in HPLC mobile phase as well as to propose possible NADES may be ready for use as HPLC mobile phases and the detectors they can be used with. High viscosity is one of the major roadblocks encountered when using NADES as a mobile phase component in HPLC regardless of detectors employed. A comprehensive review of published literature was conducted to identify articles that focused on using NADES as extraction solvents for natural products, particularly polyphenols or reported NADES viscosities to establish a database of NADES which could be used as HPLC mobile phases under various conditions. Other identified challenges that limit NADES application in HPLC mobile phase include low volatility, NADES wavelength cutoff (UV and Fluorescent detectors) and impurities. Methods for overcoming these limitations are discussed so that NADES may be more integrated into HPLC systems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabre Lynne Heck
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Lin Si
- Department of Chemistry, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL 36117, United States
| | - Da Jin Jung
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Angela Isabel Calderón
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States.
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Grecchi S, Malacarne F, Cirilli R, Dell'Edera M, Ghirardi S, Benincori T, Arnaboldi S. Wireless Hollow Miniaturized Objects for Electroassisted Chiral Resolution. Anal Chem 2024; 96:4901-4908. [PMID: 38493347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Chiral resolution plays a crucial role in the field of drug development, especially for a better understanding of biochemical processes. In such a context, classic separation methods have been used for decades due to their versatility and easy scale-up. Among the many attempts proposed for enantioselective separation, electroassisted methods are presented as an interesting alternative. Herein, we present the use of wirelessly activated hollow tubular systems for the effective, simple, and tunable separation of racemic and enantioenriched mixtures. These double-layered tubular objects consist of an external polypyrrole chassis, a polymer with good electromechanical properties, functionalized in its inner part with an inherently chiral oligomer. The synergy between the electromechanical pumping process of the outer layer and the enantioselective affinity of the inner part induces the system to behave as a miniaturized chiral column. These hybrid objects are able to separate racemic and enantioenriched solutions of chiral model analytes into the corresponding enantiomers in high enantiomeric purity. Finally, these electromechanical systems can resolve mixtures formed by chiral probes with completely uncorrelated molecular structures injected simultaneously into the single antipodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Grecchi
- Dip. di Chimica, Univ. degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Filippo Malacarne
- Dip. di Chimica, Univ. degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Cirilli
- Centro Nazionale per il Controllo e la Valutazione dei Farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Massimo Dell'Edera
- Dip. di Chimica, Univ. degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Ghirardi
- Dip. di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Univ. degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Tiziana Benincori
- Dip. di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Univ. degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Serena Arnaboldi
- Dip. di Chimica, Univ. degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Dar AA, Jan I, Shah MD, Sofi JA, Hassan GI, Dar SR. Monitoring and method validation of organophosphorus/organochlorine pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits by gas chromatography. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5756. [PMID: 37750442 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an analytical method was developed and validated for the assessment of pesticide residues in commonly consumed vegetables and fruits. Fresh samples of apple, green peas, tomatoes, and cucumbers were processed and subjected to analysis using a modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe) extraction technique. Subsequently, quantification of pesticide residues was conducted utilizing gas chromatography (GC)-electron capture detector. Extraction and cleanup parameters were meticulously optimized, resulting in a modification of the original QuEChERS method. This modification aimed to reduce solvent consumption, making the study more environmentally friendly. The developed method was validated in terms of selectivity, specificity, linearity, precision, and accuracy by following the SANTE guidelines. Calibration curves showed good linearity (r > 0.99) within the test range. Precision was evaluated by intra- and inter-day experiments with an acceptable relative standard deviation (<20.0%). Recovery was assessed at the limit of quantification level and was observed to fall within the range of 70%-120%, with relative standard deviations below 5.45%. The validated method presented here can be applied to analyze pesticide residues in various other vegetables, fruits, and cereals. It is essential for ongoing monitoring of pesticide residues to ensure public safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alamgir A Dar
- Research Centre for Residue and Quality Analysis, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Ishrat Jan
- Research Centre for Residue and Quality Analysis, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Mehraj D Shah
- Research Centre for Residue and Quality Analysis, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Javid A Sofi
- Research Centre for Residue and Quality Analysis, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - G I Hassan
- Research Centre for Residue and Quality Analysis, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Shahnawaz R Dar
- Research Centre for Residue and Quality Analysis, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar, J&K, India
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Samples R, Mukoyama R, Shaffer J, Mikucki J, Giddings LA. OpenASAP: An affordable 3D printed atmospheric solids analysis probe (ASAP) mass spectrometry system for direct analysis of solid and liquid samples. HARDWAREX 2023; 16:e00490. [PMID: 38186665 PMCID: PMC10767633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2023.e00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric Solids Analysis Probe (ASAP) mass spectrometry is a versatile technique allowing direct sampling of solid and liquid samples, but its adoption is limited due to the high cost of commercial ASAP systems. To address this, we present OpenASAP, an open-source ASAP system for mass spectrometers that can be fabricated for $20 or less using 3D-printing. Our design is readily adaptable to instruments from different manufacturers and can be produced with a variety of additive manufacturing techniques on consumer-grade 3D-printers. The probe allows for rapid sampling of solid and liquid samples without sample preparation, making it useful for high throughput screening, investigating spatial localization and function of analytes in biological samples, and incorporating mass spectrometry in instructional settings. We demonstrate its effectiveness by obtaining mass spectra of three natural product standards at levels as low as 10 ng/ml in liquid samples, and detecting these metabolites in microbial cultures that are difficult to analyze due to complex sample matrices or analyte properties. Furthermore, we demonstrate direct sampling of thin layer chromatography (TLC) spots of these cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Samples
- Biochemistry Program, Smith College, 100 Green St Northampton, MA 01063, USA
| | - Riko Mukoyama
- Biochemistry Program, Smith College, 100 Green St Northampton, MA 01063, USA
| | - Jacob Shaffer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37902, USA
| | - Jill Mikucki
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37902, USA
| | - Lesley-Ann Giddings
- Biochemistry Program, Smith College, 100 Green St Northampton, MA 01063, USA
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Losacco GL, Breitbach ZS, Walsh PL, Van Haandel L. Unified chromatography in drug development: Exploiting chaotropic/kosmotropic salts for an accelerated method development. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1709:464392. [PMID: 37742458 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent trends in supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) introduced an innovative gradient profile called Unified Chromatography (UC), which pushes the amount of liquid modifier up to 80-100 % of the total mobile phase composition. These new conditions allow the full transition from a supercritical to a liquid state, unifying the benefits of both SFC and liquid chromatography. However, to facilitate the use of UC for industrial drug development, a stronger effort is needed to streamline and simplify its method development and optimization. In this work, a quick and novel method development procedure for UC is introduced, enabled by the first-time use of novel additives in SFC/UC that exploit chaotropic/kosmotropic properties. A comprehensive view on some fundamental properties, such as the amount of liquid modifier blended with supercritical CO2 (scCO2) and the percentage of water added in the mobile phase is given, to clarify the benefits of using either a chaotropic salt (NaClO4), kosmotropic (HCOONa) or salt with mixed properties (NaOMs - sodium methanesulfonate). With this expanded knowledge, challenging separations of nucleosides, nucleotide, indoles, triazoles and related derivates have been accomplished with UC. Finally, we provide an example of UC delivering a faster and better method for an AbbVie pipeline compound under accelerated stability study. The combined use of scCO2-based chromatography and the novel additive NaClO4 ensures the retention and elution of all degradation species generated at different conditions, where RP-HPLC failed to provide satisfactory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioacchino Luca Losacco
- Analytical Research and Development, Small Molecule CMC Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - Zachary S Breitbach
- Analytical Research and Development, Small Molecule CMC Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Paul L Walsh
- Analytical Research and Development, Small Molecule CMC Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Leon Van Haandel
- Analytical Research and Development, Small Molecule CMC Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
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Singh S, Singh A, Hallan SS, Brangule A, Kumar B, Bhatia R. A Compiled Update on Nutrition, Phytochemicals, Processing Effects, Analytical Testing and Health Effects of Chenopodium album: A Non-Conventional Edible Plant (NCEP). Molecules 2023; 28:4902. [PMID: 37446567 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bathua (Chenopodium album) is a rich source of extensive-ranging nutrients, including bio-active carbohydrates, flavonoids and phenolics, minerals, and vitamins that translate to countless health benefits such as anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activity. Ascaridole, an important phytoconstituent present in aerial parts of the plant, contributes to its anthelmintic property. Even with vast historical use and significant health benefits, its renown has not spread, and utilization has significantly decreased in recent decades. Gradually, the plant has become known under the name of Non-conventional edible plant (NCEP). This compilation is prepared to bring out the plant under the spotlight for further research by foregrounding previous studies on the plant. Scientific research databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online, were used to fetch data on C. album. This review offers over up-to-date knowledge on nutritious values, phytochemical composition, volatile compounds, as well as health benefits of C. album. The ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal uses of the plant in India and other parts of the world are deliberately discussed. Scrutinizing the reported literature on C. album reveals its powerful nutrient composition advantageous in the development of food products. The impact of various cooking and processing methods on the nutritional profile and bioavailability are discussed. The future perspectives with regards to the potential for food and nutraceutical products are critically addressed. This review proves the necessity of breakthrough research to investigate the pharmacology and safety of phytochemicals and nutraceutical development studies on the C. album.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhwinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Amandeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Supandeep Singh Hallan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga Stradins University, Konsula 21, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Kalku Street 1, LV-1658 Riga, Latvia
| | - Agnese Brangule
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga Stradins University, Konsula 21, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Kalku Street 1, LV-1658 Riga, Latvia
| | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University, Chauras Campus, Srinagar 246174, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Chemistry, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rohit Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
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Dar AA, Abrol V, Singh N, Gashash EA, Dar SA. Recent bioanalytical methods for the isolation of bioactive natural products from genus Codonopsis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2023. [PMID: 37316180 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chromatography and spectroscopy are nowadays well-validated techniques allowing to isolate and purify different class of natural products from the genus Codonopsis. Several categories of phytochemicals with drug like properties have been selectively extracted, isolated, characterised by this methodology. OBJECTIVES The present review aims to provide up-to-date and comprehensive information on the chromatography, phytochemistry and pharmacology of natural products of Codonopsis with an emphasis on the search for natural products having various biological activities and the semi-synthetic derivatives of bioactive ones and to highlight current gaps in knowledge. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was performed in the SciFinder Scholar, PubMed, Medline, and Scopus databases. RESULTS During the period covered in this review, several classes of compounds have been reported from genus Codonopsis. Codonopsis pilosula and Codonopsis lanceolata are the most popular in the genus especially as per phytochemical and bioactive studies. Phytochemical investigation demonstrates that Codonopsis species contain mainly xanthones, flavonoids, alkaloids, polyacetylenes, phenylpropanoids, triterpenoids and polysaccharides, which contribute to numerous bioactivities. The major bioactive compounds isolated were used for semi-synthetic modification to increase the chance to discover lead compound. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that genus Codonopsis has been used as traditional medicines and food materials around the world over years due to chemical constituents with diverse structural types, exhibiting extensive pharmacological activities in immune system, blood system, cardiovascular system, central nervous system, digestive system, and so forth, with almost no obvious toxicity and side effect. Therefore, Codonopsis can be used as a promising ethnopharmacological plant source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alamgir A Dar
- Research Centre for Residue and Quality Analysis, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar, India
| | - Vidushi Abrol
- Fermentation and Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Nasseb Singh
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, India
| | - Ebtesam A Gashash
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science in Balijurashi, Al-Baha University, Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Showket A Dar
- Division of Social and Basic Science, Faculty of Forestry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
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Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Evaluation of an Unani Polyherbal Formulation: Dawa ul Kurkum by HPTLC. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dawa ul Kurkum (Duk) is a widely used Unani formulation. It consists of seven plant herbs, including stigmas of Crocus sativus L., rhizomes of Nardostachys jatamansi (D.Don) DC., the bark of Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J. Presl., shoot of Cymbopogon jwarancusa (Jones ex Roxb.) Schult., the resin of Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari, roots of Saussurea lappa (Decne.) Sch.Bip., and bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume. However, no study has been previously conducted to characterize this formulation. Thus, the present study was designed to carry out the pharmacognostic and phytochemical characterization of Duk. Methods: Duk was prepared following the protocols in Bayaz e Kabeer and The National Formulary of Unani Medicine Part-I. The characterization included organoleptic properties, fluorescence analysis, preliminary phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity, and active constituent profiling using HPTLC. Results: Evaluation of Duk showed the presence of carbohydrates, flavonoids, quinones, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, phenols, coumarin, steroids, and phytosterols. The total phenolic and flavonoid content was 5.75 ± 0.23 mg GAE/g and 10 ± 0.18 mg QUE/g, respectively. HPTLC of Duk showed the presence of p-coumaric acid, cinnamaldehyde, citral, crocin, isovaleric acid, guggulsterone, and dehydrocostus lactone. Conclusions: Our findings supported the use of Duk as a conventional medicine, and these results could be used as a reference for the standardization of Duk.
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Liu Q, Wei H, Du Y. Microfluidic bioanalysis based on nanozymes. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Peng L, Gao X, Wang L, Zhu A, Cai X, Li P, Li W. Design of experiment techniques for the optimization of chromatographic analysis conditions: A review. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1882-1898. [PMID: 35848309 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Design of experiment (DoE) techniques have been widely used in the field of chromatographic parameters optimization as a valuable tool. A systematic literature review of the available DoE techniques applied to the development of a chromatographic analysis method is presented in this paper. First, the most common available designs and the implementation steps of DoE are comprehensively introduced. Then the studies in recent 10 years for the application of DoE techniques in various chromatographic techniques are discussed, such as capillary electrophoresis, liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and high-speed countercurrent chromatography. Current problems and future outlooks are finally given to provide a certain inspiration of research in the application of DoE techniques to the different chromatographic techniques field. This review contributes to a better understanding of the DoE techniques for the efficient optimization of chromatographic analysis conditions, especially for the analysis of complex systems, such as multicomponent drugs and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Peng
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xin Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Long Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Aiqiang Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Cai
- Langtian Pharmaceutical (Hubei) Co., Ltd., Huangshi, P. R. China
| | - Pian Li
- Langtian Pharmaceutical (Hubei) Co., Ltd., Huangshi, P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
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Laurus azorica: Valorization through Its Phytochemical Study and Biological Activities. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9080211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Laurus azorica (Seub.) Franco is an endemic species from the Azores, traditionally used in all the islands as a seasoning in cooking. The studies carried out with this species refer mainly to its essential oils. The study that was developed here allowed, for the first time, to determine the chemical composition and biological activities of the ethanol extract, fractions, and pure compounds from L. azorica. The hexane fraction was analyzed by GC–MS and revealed the presence of 48 compounds, comprising mainly fatty acids, fatty alcohols and terpenes, the family of fatty alcohols identified here for the first time in the genus Laurus. Three sesquiterpene lactones—costunolide, 11,13-dehydrosantonin and reynosin—were isolated for the first time in L. azorica from the same fraction, and structurally characterized using spectroscopic techniques. The compounds identified belong to families known to have relevant medicinal and nutritional properties. Regarding antioxidant activities, the results obtained showed a moderate radical scavenging effect of extracts and fractions, while in the β-carotene bleaching assay, costunolide was shown to be the most active (IC50 = 4.08 ± 0.76 μg/mL), about 3.6 times more active than the standard, gallic acid, which presented IC50 = 14.56 ± 0.13 μg/mL. Although the inhibition of extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes was not detected, the ethanol extract showed good inhibitory activity of tyrosinase, with an IC50 of 12.04 ± 0.23 μg/mL, only 6.6-fold lower than the control kojic acid. The results presented deepen the knowledge about a little studied species, opening new perspectives for the development of value-added applications in the food and cosmeceutical fields.
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Jan I, Dar AA, Wani AA, Mukhtar M, Sofi JA, Hassan GI. Risk assessment, development and validation of a GC-ECD-based method for the quantification of cypermethrin from green pea. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5373. [PMID: 35312095 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The present work describes the persistence, dissipation behaviour, half-life, risk assessment and novel gas chromatography method for the residue estimation of cypermethrin in green pea by spraying cypermethrin 10EC at 50 g a.i. ha-1 at fruiting stage followed by another application at a 10 day interval. The sample extraction and cleanup was followed bya modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method, and the residues of cypermethrin were determined using a validated gas chromatography method. The initial deposits were found to be 1.21 mg kg-1 following the application of insecticide at 50 g a.i. ha-1 . Cypermethrin residues declined to below the detection limit of 0.05 mg kg-1 after 15 days at the recommended dosage. The half-life of cypermethrin was 2.66 days at 50 g a.i. ha-1 . For risk assessment studies, the waiting period of 15 days is recommended as safe for consumption for the insecticide. The GC-ECD method was validated according to the SANTE guidelines by various analytical parameters including linearity, accuracy, detection and quantification limits. The developed method is simple, selective and repeatable, and can be used for the standardization of pesticides on fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishrat Jan
- Research Centre for Residue and Quality Analysis, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, 190025, India
| | - Alamgir A Dar
- Research Centre for Residue and Quality Analysis, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, 190025, India
| | - Ashraf A Wani
- Research Centre for Residue and Quality Analysis, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, 190025, India
| | - Malik Mukhtar
- Research Centre for Residue and Quality Analysis, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, 190025, India
| | - Javid A Sofi
- Research Centre for Residue and Quality Analysis, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, 190025, India
| | - G I Hassan
- Research Centre for Residue and Quality Analysis, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, 190025, India
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14
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Dar AA, Raina A, Kumar A. Development, method validation and simultaneous quantification of eleven bioactive natural products from high altitude medicinal plant by high performance liquid chromatography. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5408. [PMID: 35562105 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a novel, rapid, reliable, simple method validation and simultaneous quantification of eleven bioactive compounds mostly xanthones have been described. ICH guidelines were used for the analytical method validation. Good linearity, repeatability, intra-day and inter-day precision, accuracy and reliability is well illuminated in the method validation procedure. The calibration curves showed a good linear relationship (r>0.999) within test range. Precision was evaluated by intra- and inter-day tests with RSDs <2.79%, accuracy validation recovery 74.16-91.84%. On quantification study, validated method described the high content of bioactive xanthone derivative including 1-hydroxy-3, 5-dimethoxyxanthone (7), 2-(allyloxy)-8-hydroxy-1, 6-dimethoxyxanthone (6) 1, 7, 8-trihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (9) and Coxanthone E (5) in the C. ovata which is advantageous due to numerous pharmacological and biological effects associated with these compounds mostly anti-cancers, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic and anti-obesity activity. The bulk abundance of these compounds can also be used for the further modification to produce better lead molecules for drug discovery with low toxicity and high potency. The proposed method makes it possible to determine simultaneously all bioactive compounds in one run and can be extended for marker based standardization of herbal formulations in medicinal and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alamgir A Dar
- Bio-organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu Tawi, J&K, India.,Research Centre for Residue and Quality Analysis, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-K), Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Arun Raina
- Bio-organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu Tawi, J&K, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Sri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra Jammu, J&K, India
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15
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Diterbutyl phthalate attenuates osteoarthritis in ACLT mice via suppressing ERK/c-fos/NFATc1 pathway, and subsequently inhibiting subchondral osteoclast fusion. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1299-1310. [PMID: 34381182 PMCID: PMC9061820 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00747-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common arthritis with a rapidly increasing prevalence. Disease progression is irreversible, and there is no curative therapy available. During OA onset, abnormal mechanical loading leads to excessive osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in subchondral bone, causing a rapid subchondral bone turnover, cyst formation, sclerosis, and finally, articular cartilage degeneration. Moreover, osteoclast-mediated angiogenesis and sensory innervation in subchondral bone result in abnormal vascularization and OA pain. The traditional Chinese medicine Panax notoginseng (PN; Sanqi) has long been used in treatment of bone diseases including osteoporosis, bone fracture, and OA. In this study we established two-dimensional/bone marrow mononuclear cell/cell membrane chromatography/time of flight mass spectrometry (2D/BMMC/CMC/TOFMS) technique and discovered that diterbutyl phthalate (DP) was the active constituent in PN inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. Then we explored the therapeutic effect of DP in an OA mouse model with anterior cruciate ligament transaction (ACLT). After ACLT was conducted, the mice received DP (5 mg·kg-1·d-1, ip) for 8 weeks. Whole knee joint tissues of the right limb were harvested at weeks 2, 4, and 8 for analysis. We showed that DP administration impeded overactivated osteoclastogenesis in subchondral bone and ameliorated articular cartilage deterioration. DP administration blunted aberrant H-type vessel formation in subchondral bone marrow and alleviated OA pain assessed in Von Frey test and thermal plantar test. In RANKL-induced RAW264.7 cells in vitro, DP (20 μM) retarded osteoclastogenesis by suppressing osteoclast fusion through inhibition of the ERK/c-fos/NFATc1 pathway. DP treatment also downregulated the expression of dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP) and d2 isoform of the vacuolar (H+) ATPase V0 domain (Atp6v0d2) in the cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate that DP prevents OA progression by inhibiting abnormal osteoclastogenesis and associated angiogenesis and neurogenesis in subchondral bone.
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16
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Wani AA, Dar AA, Jan I, Mukhtar M, Sofi KA, Hassan GI, Sofi JA. Dissipation and gas chromatographic method for the determination of profenofos residues in/on green pea and cucumber. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5335. [PMID: 35023162 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report a novel, accurate and cost-effective gas chromatography method for the determination of average deposits of profenofos on green pea and cucumber following good agricultural practices. Additionally the risk assessment, dissipation and waiting period for profenofos were determined. The average initial deposits (2 h after spraying) of profenofos in/on green pea and cucumber were 3.41 and 3.62 mg kg-1 respectively following two applications at a 10 day interval of profenofos 50EC formulation. Profenofos residues on both of the substrates were below the detection limit of 0.05 mg kg-1 after 20 days at the recommended dosage. For risk assessment studies, the 20th day will be safe for consumers for consumption of green peas. The gas chromatography method was validated according to the SANTE guidelines using the various analytical parameters: linearity, accuracy, detection and quantification limits. The developed method is simple, selective and repeatable and can be extended for profenofos-based standardization of pesticide formulations for green pea/cucumber and their use as pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf A Wani
- Research Centre for Residue and Quality Analysis, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Alamgir A Dar
- Research Centre for Residue and Quality Analysis, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Ishrat Jan
- Research Centre for Residue and Quality Analysis, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Malik Mukhtar
- Research Centre for Residue and Quality Analysis, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Khurshid A Sofi
- Research Centre for Residue and Quality Analysis, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - G I Hassan
- Research Centre for Residue and Quality Analysis, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Javid A Sofi
- Research Centre for Residue and Quality Analysis, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, J&K, India
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17
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Amina M, Al Musayeib NM, Alarfaj NA, El-Tohamy MF, Al-Hamoud GA, Alqenaei MKM. The Fluorescence Detection of Phenolic Compounds in Plicosepalus curviflorus Extract Using Biosynthesized ZnO Nanoparticles and Their Biomedical Potential. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030361. [PMID: 35161341 PMCID: PMC8839429 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A facile, eco-friendly fluorescence approach based on the biogenic formation of zinc oxide nanoparticles using the biomass of Plicosepalus curviflorus shoots was developed. The suggested approach was employed to analyze three phenolic compounds (catechin, curviflorside, and curviflorin) isolated from the shoots of P. curviflorus. The surface morphology of the prepared ZnONPs was characterized by carrying out different microscopic and spectroscopic investigations. A significant UV-Vis absorption peak of ZnONPs was recognized at 345 nm and the FT-IR spectra of the isolated catechin, curviflorside, and curviflorin in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and ZnONPs were recorded at λem 470, 490, and 484 nm after excitation at λex 380, 420, and 410 nm. The suggested fluorescence method displayed linear concentration ranges of 10-120, 5-100, and 10-150 μg mL-1 for the three isolated compounds, respectively. The shoot extract, isolated compounds, and ZnONPs were screened for antibacterial and anticancer effects against four different types of bacterial strains and HeLa cells, respectively. The ZnONPs exhibited the highest zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strains when compared with pure, isolated compounds and shoot extract. The anticancer potential of ZnONPs (64%) was stronger as compared to the 160 µg mL-1 of shoot extract (49%), catechin (52%), curviflorside (54%), and curviflorin (58%) at 160 µg mL-1. Moreover, all the samples were investigated for hemolysis activity and showed a potent anti-hemolytic effect. The developed analytical method showed excellent sensitivity and reliability for the concurrent analysis of the isolated bioactive markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musarat Amina
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacy College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nawal M. Al Musayeib
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacy College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nawal A. Alarfaj
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (M.F.E.-T.)
| | - Maha F. El-Tohamy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (M.F.E.-T.)
| | - Gadah A. Al-Hamoud
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacy College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muneerah K. M. Alqenaei
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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18
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Yajun W, Jin C, Zhengrong G, Chao F, Yan H, Weizong W, Xiaoqun L, Qirong Z, Huiwen C, Hao Z, Jiawei G, Xinchen Z, Shihao S, Sicheng W, Xiao C, Jiacan S. Betaine Attenuates Osteoarthritis by Inhibiting Osteoclastogenesis and Angiogenesis in Subchondral Bone. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:723988. [PMID: 34658862 PMCID: PMC8511433 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.723988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type of arthritis with no effective therapy. Subchondral bone and overlying articular cartilage are closely associated and function as “osteo-chondral unit” in the joint. Abnormal mechanical load leads to activated osteoclast activity and increased bone resorption in the subchondral bone, which is implicated in the onset of OA pathogenesis. Thus, inhibiting subchondral bone osteoclast activation could prevent OA onset. Betaine, isolated from the Lycii Radicis Cortex (LRC), has been demonstrated to exert anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic and antiangiogenic properties. Here, we evaluated the effects of betaine on anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-induced OA mice. We observed that betaine decreased the number of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13)-positive and collagen X (Col X)-positive cells, prevented articular cartilage proteoglycan loss and lowered the OARSI score. Betaine decreased the thickness of calcified cartilage and increased the expression level of lubricin. Moreover, betaine normalized uncoupled subchondral bone remodeling as defined by lowered trabecular pattern factor (Tb.pf) and increased subchondral bone plate thickness (SBP). Additionally, aberrant angiogenesis in subchondral bone was blunted by betaine treatment. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that betaine suppressed osteoclastogenesis in vitro by inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and subsequent mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. These data demonstrated that betaine attenuated OA progression by inhibiting hyperactivated osteoclastogenesis and maintaining microarchitecture in subchondral bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yajun
- Graduate Management Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gu Zhengrong
- Department of Orthopedics, Luodian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Chao
- Graduate Management Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weng Weizong
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xiaoqun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Qirong
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Huiwen
- Graduate Management Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang Hao
- Graduate Management Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo Jiawei
- Graduate Management Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuang Xinchen
- Graduate Management Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Shihao
- Graduate Management Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Sicheng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Su Jiacan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Shanghai, China
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19
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Silva M, Seijas P, Otero P. Exploitation of Marine Molecules to Manage Alzheimer's Disease. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19070373. [PMID: 34203244 PMCID: PMC8307759 DOI: 10.3390/md19070373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are sociosanitary challenges of today, as a result of increased average life expectancy, with Alzheimer’s disease being one of the most prevalent. This pathology is characterized by brain impairment linked to a neurodegenerative process culminating in cognitive decline and behavioral disorders. Though the etiology of this pathology is still unknown, it is usually associated with the appearance of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The most used prophylaxis relies on anticholinesterase drugs and NMDA receptor antagonists, whose main action is to relieve symptoms and not to treat or prevent the disease. Currently, the scientific community is gathering efforts to disclose new natural compounds effective against Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative pathologies. Marine natural products have been shown to be promising candidates, and some have been proven to exert a high neuroprotection effect, constituting a large reservoir of potential drugs and nutraceutical agents. The present article attempts to describe the processes of extraction and isolation of bioactive compounds derived from sponges, algae, marine bacteria, invertebrates, crustaceans, and tunicates as drug candidates against AD, with a focus on the success of pharmacological activity in the process of finding new and effective drug compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Silva
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula Seijas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Paz Otero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Campus of International Excellence UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, CITACA, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Correspondence: or
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20
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Russo G, Vallaro M, Cappelli L, Anderson S, Ermondi G, Caron G. Characterization of the new Celeris TM Arginine column: Retentive behaviour through a combination of chemometric tools and potential in drug analysis. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1651:462316. [PMID: 34139386 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CelerisTM Arginine (ARG) is a mixed-mode stationary phase recently released on the market. To characterize its analytical behavior, the retention factors of a pool (n=100, of which 36 neutrals, 26 acids and 38 bases) of pharmaceutically relevant compounds have been measured on this phase over eight percentages (from 10 to 90% v/v) of acetonitrile (MeCN) as organic modifier. The ARG phase exhibited enhanced affinity for the molecules that are in their anionic form at the experimental pH, whilst basic compounds, albeit over a wide range of lipophilicity and pKa values, were on average poorly retained. To dissect the separation mechanism of the ARG phase, the overall analytical retention has been deconvoluted into the individual contributions of intermolecular forces by a QSPR/ Partial Least Square (PLS)/Block Relevance (BR) analysis tool recently developed by us. For the neutrals, the most relevant blocks were found to be Size, describing the interaction due to the dimension of the molecule, and O, representing the solute's hydrogen bond donor properties. The change in sign from positive to negative of the Size block, which occurs between 10% and 20% MeCN, allowed to visually appreciate the switch in the separation mode from reversed phase to normal phase. Some good statistic models for rationalizing the analytical behaviour of neutrals were developed from VS+ descriptors. However, their performance in modelling the analytical retention of acids was substandard, probably due to the intrinsic inefficacy of VS+ descriptors in handling electric charges. This instance was addressed by a complimentary MLR strategy, which led to successfully model the retention of acids on the ARG column and to shed light into their retention mechanism, which seemed to be substantially driven by electrostatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Russo
- School of Applied Sciences, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh Napier University, 9 Sighthill Ct, EH11 4BN Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Maura Vallaro
- CASSMedChem Research Group, Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences Department, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Cappelli
- CASSMedChem Research Group, Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences Department, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Scott Anderson
- Regis Technologies Inc., 8210 Austin Ave, Morton Grove IL, 60053, USA
| | - Giuseppe Ermondi
- CASSMedChem Research Group, Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences Department, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Caron
- CASSMedChem Research Group, Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences Department, University of Turin, Italy.
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21
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Duan WD, Quan KJ, Huang XY, Gong Y, Xiao S, Liu JF, Pei D, Di DL. Recovery and recycling of solvent of counter-current chromatography: The sample of isolation of zeaxanthin in the Lycium barbarum L. fruits. J Sep Sci 2020; 44:759-766. [PMID: 33253473 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method of recovering and recycling solvent for counter-current chromatography was established by which zeaxanthin was separated from Lycium barbarum L. fruits. A column with activated carbon combined with high performance counter-current chromatography formed the recovering and recycling solvent system. Using the solvent system of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-ethanol-water (8:2:7:3, v/v) from the references, five injections were performed with an almost unchanged purity of zeaxanthin (80.9, 81.2, 81.5, 81.3, and 80.2% respectively) in counter-current chromatography separation. Meanwhile, the mobile phase reduced by half than conventional counter-current chromatography. By this present method, an effective improvement of counter-current chromatography solvent utilization was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Da Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.,Department of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Jun Quan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yi Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Sun Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Fei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Dong Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Duo-Long Di
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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22
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David V, Moldoveanu SC, Galaon T. Derivatization procedures and their analytical performances for HPLC determination in bioanalysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e5008. [PMID: 33084080 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Derivatization, or chemical structure modification, is often used in bioanalysis performed by liquid chromatography technique in order to enhance detectability or to improve the chromatographic performance for the target analytes. The derivatization process is discussed according to the analytical procedure used to achieve the reaction between the reagent and the target compounds (containing hydroxyl, thiol, amino, carbonyl and carboxyl as the main functional groups involved in derivatization). Important procedures for derivatization used in bioanalysis are in situ or based on extraction processes (liquid-liquid, solid-phase and related techniques) applied to the biomatrix. In the review, chiral, isotope-labeling, hydrophobicity-tailored and post-column derivatizations are also included, based on representative publications in the literature during the last two decades. Examples of derivatization reagents and brief reaction conditions are included, together with some bioanalytical applications and performances (chromatographic conditions, detection limit, stability and sample biomatrix).
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor David
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Toma Galaon
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, Bucharest-6, Romania
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23
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Coman FM, Leonte D, Toma A, Casoni D, Vlase L, Zaharia V. Heterocycles 51: Liphophilicity investigation of some thiazole chalcones and aurones by experimental and theoretical methods. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:2784-2793. [PMID: 32346992 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography were used for lipophilicity determination of a library of 30 thiazole chalcones and aurones previously synthetized in our laboratory. The experimental lipophilicity data have been compared with theoretical lipophilicity parameters estimated by various computational methods. Good correlations between the experimental and calculated lipophilicity parameters have been found for both investigated classes of compounds. Correlations between the lipophilicity of the thiazole chalcones and aurones and their antiproliferative activity were discussed. The methodologies and data gathered in this study will contribute to the lipophilicity studies of chalcones and aurones derivatives, two important classes of compounds in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fana-Maria Coman
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Denisa Leonte
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Toma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organization and Legislation, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dorina Casoni
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laurian Vlase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Valentin Zaharia
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Müller E, Sevilla M, Endres P. Evaluation of hydrophobic-interaction chromatography resins for purification of antibody-drug conjugates using a mimetic model with adjustable hydrophobicity. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:2255-2263. [PMID: 32160397 PMCID: PMC7318155 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Antibody drug conjugates are cytotoxic pharmaceuticals, designed to destroy malignant cells. A cytotoxic molecule is attached to an antibody that binds specific to a cancer‐cell surface. Given the high toxicity of the drugs, strict safety standards have to be kept. For this reason, an antibody drug conjugates model was developed with fluorescein 5‐isothiocyanate as the nontoxic payload surrogate. Due to the similar hydrophobicity, this model is used to establish a suitable purification process and characterization method for antibody drug conjugates. Because of the pH dependent solubility of fluorescein, the hydrophobicity of conjugates can be modulated by the pH value. Based on the complex heterogeneity and hydrophobicity of the conjugates a chromatographic purification is challenging. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography is used for analytical as well as for preparative separation. Because of the increased hydrophobicity of the conjugates compared to native antibody, hydrophobic interaction chromatography often suffer from resolution and recovery problems. Conjugates were separated differing on the number of payloads attached to the antibody. For this matter, the drug–antibody ratio is determined and used as a quantitative term. The conjugates are purified at high recoveries and resolution by step gradients using suitable resins, allowing the separation of the target drug–antibody ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egbert Müller
- Tosoh Bioscience GmbH, Im Leuschnerpark 4, Griesheim, 64347, Germany
| | - Manuela Sevilla
- Tosoh Bioscience GmbH, Im Leuschnerpark 4, Griesheim, 64347, Germany
| | - Patrick Endres
- Tosoh Bioscience GmbH, Im Leuschnerpark 4, Griesheim, 64347, Germany
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