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Zhu N, Wu Z, He M, Chen B, Hu B. 3D printed stir bar sorptive extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for trace estrogens analysis in environmental water samples. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1281:341904. [PMID: 38783742 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Any imaginary shape with good preparation reproducibility can be made by 3D printing technology, and it has been applied in various fields. Comparatively, its applications in sample pre-treatment are relatively less, most of which involves making extraction sorbents and producing non-functionalized devices for support assistance. 3D printing has not been applied to fabricate stir bars in stir bar sorptive extraction, mainly due to the lacking of suitable printing feedstocks. This work aimed to fabricate stir bars by 3D printing, reducing the manufacturing cost and steps and improving preparation reproducibility. (90) RESULTS: By using fused deposition modeling technique and porous filament printing feedstock, stir bars were fabricated without any modifications. Adsorption performance of 3D printed stir bars were investigated for substances with different structures and polarities. Five estrogens with adsorption efficiencies of over 80 % were selected as the representatives. The 3D printed stir bars exhibited good preparation reproducibility (2.9-4.4 %) and higher extraction recoveries (73-81 %) for five estrogens than commercial polydimethylsiloxane coated stir bars (13-69 %) in a shorter time (90 vs 120 min). They showed long lifespan (160 times) with good mechanical properties and merited reduced manufacturing cost (0.064 $ per bar) and manual operation. A method of stir bar sorptive extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography was proposed for trace analysis of estrogens in environmental water. Under the optimized conditions, the linear ranges for estrogens were 0.5-200 μg/L with LODs of 0.13-0.17 μg/L. (136) SIGNIFICANCE: The feasibility of fused deposition modeling in stir bar fabrication was demonstrated, along with the potential of porous filament printing feedstock as the sorbent for substances with medium polarity. 3D printed stir bars were featured with excellent preparation reproducibility, long lifespan, and good mechanical properties. The stir bar fabrication method can be used for mass production with minimal differences in products performance. (62).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhekuan Wu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei Province, Hubei Tobacco Company, Wuhan, 430040, China
| | - Man He
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Fu XK, Han SQ, Ha W, Shi YP. Click Chemoselective Probe with a Photoswitchable Handle for Highly Sensitive Determination of Steroid Hormones in Food Samples. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:14814-14824. [PMID: 37782472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Residues of endocrine disrupting steroid hormones in food might cause various diseases like cardiovascular diseases and breast and prostate cancers. Monitoring steroid hormone levels plays a vital role in ensuring food safety and exploring the pathogenic mechanism of steroid hormone-related diseases. Based on the Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click reaction, a novel chemoselective probe, Azo-N3, which contains a reactive site N3, an imidazolium salt-based MS tag, and an azobenzene-based photoswitchable handle, was designed and synthesized to label ethynyl-bearing steroid hormones. The probe Azo-N3 was applied for the highly selective and sensitive detection of four ethynyl-bearing steroid hormones in food samples (milk, egg, and pork) by using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The ionization efficiency of the labeled analytes could be increased by 6-105-fold, and such a labeled method exhibited satisfactory detection limits (0.04-0.2 μg/L), recovery (80.6-122.4%), and precision (RSDs% lower than 6.9%). Interestingly, the efficient immobilization of the probe Azo-N3 onto α-cyclodextrin (α-CD)-modified magnetic particles to construct a solid supported chemoselective probe Fe3O4-CD-Azo-N3 and UV light-controlled release of the labeled analytes from a magnetic support can be achieved by taking advantage of the photoswitched host-guest inclusion between the azobenzene unit and α-CD. The potential applications of Fe3O4-CD-Azo-N3 for labeling, capturing, and the photocontrolled release of the labeled steroid hormones were fully investigated by mass spectrometry imaging analysis. This work not only provides a sensitive and accurate method to detect steroid hormones in food but also opens a new avenue in designing solid supported chemoselective probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Kang Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Si-Qi Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ha
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Ping Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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Selahle SK, Nqombolo A, Nomngongo PN. From polyethylene waste bottles to UIO-66 (Zr) for preconcentration of steroid hormones from river water. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6808. [PMID: 37100990 PMCID: PMC10131548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34031-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal-organic framework (UiO-66 (Zr) was synthesized using polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and used as an adsorbent for extraction and preconcentration of steroid hormones in river water. Polyethylene waste bottles were used as the source of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) ligands. The UIO-66(Zr), which the PET was made from recycled waste plastics, was used for the first time for the extraction and preconcentration of four different types of steroid hormones in river water samples. Various analytical characterization techniques were employed to characterize the synthesized material. The steroid hormones were detected and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The results were further validated using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Experimental variables, such as sample pH, the mass of adsorbent and extraction time, were optimized using Box-Behnken design (BBD). The dispersive solid phase extraction method combined with HPLC-DAD, displayed good linearity (0.004-1000 µg/L) low limits of detections (LODs, 1.1-16 ng/L for ultrapure water and 2.6-5.3 ng/L for river water) and limits of quantification (LOQs, 3.7-5.3 ng/L for ultrapure water and 8.7-11.0 ng/L for river water samples) and acceptable extraction recoveries (86-101%). The intraday (n = 10) and interday (n = 5) precisions expressed in terms of relative standard deviations (%RSD) were all less than 5%. The steroid hormones were detected in most of the river water samples (Vaal River and Rietspruit River). The DSPE/HPLC method offered a promising approach for simultaneous extraction, preconcentration and determination of steroid hormones in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Kholofelo Selahle
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Azile Nqombolo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
- Department of Science and Innovation-National Research Foundation South African Research Chair Initiative (DSI-NRF SARChI): Nanotechnology for Water, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
| | - Philiswa Nosizo Nomngongo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
- Department of Science and Innovation-National Research Foundation South African Research Chair Initiative (DSI-NRF SARChI): Nanotechnology for Water, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
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Sowa I, Wójciak M, Tyszczuk-Rotko K, Klepka T, Dresler S. Polyaniline and Polyaniline-Based Materials as Sorbents in Solid-Phase Extraction Techniques. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8881. [PMID: 36556687 PMCID: PMC9786183 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polyaniline (PANI) is one of the best known and widely studied conducting polymers with multiple applications and unique physicochemical properties. Due to its porous structure and relatively high surface area as well as the affinity toward many analytes related to the ability to establish different types of interactions, PANI has a great potential as a sorbent in sample pretreatment before instrumental analyses. This study provides an overview of the applications of polyaniline and polyaniline composites as sorbents in sample preparation techniques based on solid-phase extraction, including conventional solid-phase extraction (SPE) and its modifications, solid-phase microextraction (SPME), dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE), magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) and stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE). The utility of PANI-based sorbents in chromatography was also summarized. It has been shown that polyaniline is willingly combined with other components and PANI-based materials may be formed in a variety of shapes. Polyaniline alone and PANI-based composites were successfully applied for sample preparation before determination of various analytes, both metal ions and organic compounds, in different matrices such as environmental samples, food, human plasma, urine, and blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ireneusz Sowa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wójciak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Klepka
- Department of Technology and Polymer Processing, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sławomir Dresler
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Science, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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Cheng Z, O'Sullivan MG, Miao S, Kerry JP, Kilcawley KN. Sensorial, cultural and volatile properties of milk, dairy powders, yoghurt and butter: A review. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Cheng
- Food Quality and Sensory Science Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland
- Sensory Group, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences University College Cork Cork T12 R229, Ireland
| | - Maurice G O'Sullivan
- Sensory Group, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences University College Cork Cork T12 R229, Ireland
| | - Song Miao
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland
- China‐Ireland International Cooperation Centre for Food Material Science and Structure Design Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Joseph P Kerry
- Food Packaging Group, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences University College Cork Cork T12 R229, Ireland
| | - Kieran N Kilcawley
- Food Quality and Sensory Science Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland
- Sensory Group, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences University College Cork Cork T12 R229, Ireland
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Zhang Y, Wei K, Wang L, Gao G. A membrane solid-phase extraction method based on MIL-53-mixed-matrix membrane for the determination of estrogens and parabens: polyvinylidene difluoride membrane vs. polystyrene-block-polybutadiene membrane. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5454. [PMID: 35853840 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this work, MIL-53(Al), as an inorganic 'filler' component, was embedded in polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) and polystyrene-block-polybutadiene (SBS) matrices to prepare two mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs), using a simpler method than that previously reported. The PVDF and SBS membranes retained much of the properties of PVDF, SBS, and native MIL-53(Al). The prepared MMMs were then placed in a vortex-stirred sample solution to develop a membrane solid-phase extraction method to extract estrogens and parabens which were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The extraction efficiencies of the two membranes were compared, with the PVDF membrane exhibiting superior performance. In addition, the PVDF membrane was more free-standing and flexible, and its preparation method was also more facile and simple. The extraction conditions were optimized, and the analytical method showed low limits of detection (0.005-0.18 ng/mL), good linearity, and high accuracy, with recoveries ranging from 90.7 to 102.5%. As a result, this membrane solid-phase extraction method indicated its potential for application in aqueous sample pretreatment. For metal-organic framework based MMM used in this method, in addition to being durable, free-standing, mechanically stable, and possessing a large area, it should also exhibit high MOF incorporation, good flexibility, and appropriate thickness and weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Kaifang Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Litao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Guihua Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong Province, P. R. China
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Kanu AB. Recent developments in sample preparation techniques combined with high-performance liquid chromatography: A critical review. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1654:462444. [PMID: 34380070 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review article compares and contrasts sample preparation techniques coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and describes applications developed in biomedical, forensics, and environmental/industrial hygiene in the last two decades. The proper sample preparation technique can offer valued data for a targeted application when coupled to HPLC and a suitable detector. Improvements in sample preparation techniques in the last two decades have resulted in efficient extraction, cleanup, and preconcentration in a single step, thus providing a pathway to tackle complex matrix applications. Applications such as biological therapeutics, proteomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, environmental/industrial hygiene, forensics, glycan cleanup, etc., have been significantly enhanced due to improved sample preparation techniques. This review looks at the early sample preparation techniques. Further, it describes eight sample preparation technique coupled to HPLC that has gained prominence in the last two decades. They are (1) solid-phase extraction (SPE), (2) liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), (3) gel permeation chromatography (GPC), (4) Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged, Safe (QuEChERS), (5) solid-phase microextraction (SPME), (6) ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction (UASE), and (7) microwave-assisted solvent extraction (MWASE). SPE, LLE, GPC, QuEChERS, and SPME can be used offline and online with HPLC. UASE and MWASE can be used offline with HPLC but have also been combined with the online automated techniques of SPE, LLE, GPC, or QuEChERS for targeted analysis. Three application areas of biomedical, forensics, and environmental/industrial hygiene are reviewed for the eight sample preparation techniques. Three hundred and twenty references on the eight sample preparation techniques published over the last two decades (2001-2021) are provided. Other older references were included to illustrate the historical development of sample preparation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bakarr Kanu
- Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, NC 27110, United States.
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He M, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Zang L, Chen B, Hu B. Stir bar sorptive extraction and its application. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1637:461810. [PMID: 33360434 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress of stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) in the past six years is reviewed. The preparation methods including electrodeposition, self-assembly, solvent exchange, physical magnetic adsorption and electrostatic spinning, for the coated stir bar are summarized and compared, specifically for a specific material for coatings fabrication, e.g., carbon-based materials and metal organic frameworks. The emerging materials (e.g., graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, monolith, metal-organic frameworks and porous organic polymers) applied for coated stir bar fabrication are one of the focus of this review, along with their respective advantages in extraction process and application in trace analysis. The development and application of extraction apparatus of SBSE are also involved. Based on these information, the development status and prospects of SBSE as an efficient sample pretreatment technique in real sample analysis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man He
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qiulin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lijuan Zang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Trujillo-Rodríguez MJ, Pacheco-Fernández I, Taima-Mancera I, Díaz JHA, Pino V. Evolution and current advances in sorbent-based microextraction configurations. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1634:461670. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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