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Liu ZX, Wang L, Fu XS, Long YQ, Zeng J, Chen GY, Zhou RB, Liu XD. Analysis of quality evaluation and optimal harvest period of Aurantii Fructus from different sources using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:1221-1248. [PMID: 38639073 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The active constituents in Aurantii Fructus sourced from different regions within Hunan Province exhibit variations, with certain samples demonstrating substandard quality. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the chemical composition and quality of Aurantii Fructus from various sources, establish a robust methodology for quality evaluation, and determine the optimal harvesting period. MATERIALS AND METHODS The components of Aurantii Fructus were qualitatively analyzed using a non-targeted metabolomics approach. Multivariate statistical analyses were conducted to identify potential markers, enabling qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the quality and optimal harvest period of Aurantii Fructus. RESULTS Overall, 155 compounds were identified in Aurantii Fructus, with Huangpi exhibiting the highest number of components. Eleven potential markers were selected to assess the quality of Aurantii Fructus. The average content of Huangpi was the highest, indicating a high level of similarity. The samples' overall scores were ordered as follows: Huangpi > Xiangcheng > Choucheng > Daidai. Anren and Changde's Huangpi exhibited high contents, being rich in chemical components, resulting in favorable scores. Similarly, Changde's Xiangcheng displayed significant medicinal value. As the harvest time was delayed, there was an increase in fruit size, accompanied by thinner peels and a continuous decrease in the contents of potential markers. The best harvest period of Aurantii Fructus was within 1 week before and after the Lesser Heat. CONCLUSION The present study establishes a precise and efficient method for evaluating the quality of Aurantii Fructus, thereby providing more comprehensive insights into its composition. This research lays the foundation for subsequent development and utilization of Aurantii Fructus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Xuan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan Large-scale Genuine Medicinal Materials, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan Large-scale Genuine Medicinal Materials, Changsha, China
| | - Xue Sen Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan Large-scale Genuine Medicinal Materials, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Qing Long
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan Large-scale Genuine Medicinal Materials, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan Large-scale Genuine Medicinal Materials, Changsha, China
| | - Guang Yu Chen
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Medicinal and Functional Food, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of TCM Heart and Lung Syndrome Differentiation & Medicated Diet and Dietotherapy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ri Bao Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan Large-scale Genuine Medicinal Materials, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Research of TCM, Education Department of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Dan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan Large-scale Genuine Medicinal Materials, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Research of TCM, Education Department of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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Yan XH, Liu XQ, Liang J, Kuang HX, Xia YG. Complete composition analysis of polysaccharides based on HPAEC-PAD coupled with quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:380-390. [PMID: 37886810 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monosaccharide compositions analysis (MCA) is indispensable for structural characterisations and structure-activity relationships of plant polysaccharides. OBJECTIVES To develop a concise and direct MCA method, we established a quantitative analysis of the multi-monosaccharaides by single marker (QAMS) by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed-amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) method. METHODOLOGY A stable and reproducible HPAEC-PAD method for simultaneous determination of aldoses, ketoses and uronic acids (i.e., l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-ribose, l-rhamnose, d-fucose, d-mannose, d-glucose, d-galactose, d-fructose, d-glucuronic acid and d-galacturonic acid) was established by systematic optimisation of stationary phases, column temperatures and elution programmes. On this basis, the QAMS method was proposed through comprehensive investigations of relative correction factor (RCF) variations under different influencing factors, for example, sample concentrations, flow rates, and column temperatures. RESULTS Using rhamnose as an internal reference standard, the contents of the other monosaccharide components in polysaccharides from Panax quinquefolium L. and Achyranthes bidentata Bl. samples were simultaneously determined by QAMS, and there was no significant difference between the results from the QAMS and external standard method (t test, P > 0.520). In addition, a MCA fingerprinting of 30 batches of P. quinquefolium polysaccharide was established by HPAEC-PAD, and six common peaks were assigned and determined. CONCLUSIONS The established HPAEC-PAD-QAMS method was successfully applied to the MCA of polysaccharides from P. quinquefolium and A. bidentata after optimisation of hydrolysis conditions. HPAEC-PAD-QAMS was proposed and established for MCA of plant polysaccharides for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Office of Academic Affairs, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Xue-Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yong-Gang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Yang T, Huang Y, Li Q, Xu Q, Fang Y, Long J, Huang A, Wang M, Xia Q. Determination of Ten Flavonoids in the Raw and Fermented Fructus Aurantii by Quantitative Analysis of Multicomponents via a Single Marker (QAMS) Based on UPLC. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2023; 2023:6067647. [PMID: 37305028 PMCID: PMC10257543 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6067647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fermented Fructus Aurantii (FFA) is widely used in South China for the treatment of functional dyspepsia. Naringin, neohesperidin, and other flavonoids are the main pharmacodynamic components of FFA. A new method is presented for the simultaneous determination of 10 flavonoids (including flavonoid glycosides and aglycones) in FFA using the quantitative analysis of multicomponents via a single marker (QAMS) approach and is used to investigate changes in flavonoids during fermentation. The viability and precision of QAMS were validated against the ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), with various UPLC instruments and chromatographic conditions being evaluated. Differences between raw Fructus Aurantii (RFA) and FFA were examined using orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) and content determination. The influence of various fermentation conditions on flavonoids was also investigated. There were no appreciable differences between the QAMS and the external standard method (ESM), demonstrating that QAMS is an improved method for the determination of FA and FFA. FFA and RFA can be readily distinguished based on OPLS-DA chemometric modelling and the corresponding chromatograms. In addition, the flavonoid changes after fermentation. Fermentation considerably reduced the contents of flavonoid glycosides, while increasing hesperidin-7-O-glucoside and flavonoid aglycones. Moreover, fermentation conditions impact multiple flavonoids in FA, so controlling these conditions is necessary for the quality control of fermented FA products. This QAMS approach is useful for detecting numerous components in RFA and FFA simply, quickly, and efficiently, thus strengthening the quality control of FA and its fermented products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinru Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Qijian Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangbing Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiangling Long
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Aihua Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Meiqi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Quan Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
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Zhang L, Wei Y, Wang W, Fan Y, Li F, Li Z, Lin A, Gu H, Song M, Wang T, Liu G, Li X. Quantitative fingerprint and antioxidative properties of Artemisia argyi leaves combined with chemometrics. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200624. [PMID: 36579954 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative fingerprint and differences of Artemisia argyi from different varieties, picking time, aging year, and origins were analyzed combing with chemometrics. The antioxidant activity was determined and antioxidant markers of Artemisia argyi were screened. Variety WA3 was significantly different from that of the other varieties. Fingerprint peak response and antioxidant activity of A. argyi picked in December were lower than samples collected in May and August. Fresh A. argyi leaves were significantly superior to withered leaves and stems. Artemisia argyi aging 1-5 years presented a classification trend. Antioxidant activity of A. argyi produced in Nanyang was generally superior to others origins. Peak 9, isochlorogenic acid A, and 6-methoxyluteolin contributed greatly for classification of A. argyi from different variety, picking time, aging year, and origin. Isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid C, 6-methoxyluteolin, and chlorogenic acid were selected as antioxidant marker of A. argyi. The method based on quantitative fingerprint, antioxidant activity evaluation, and chemometrics was reliable to analyze the differences of A. argyi samples from different sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixian Zhang
- Henan Natural Product Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou, P. R. China.,Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wei
- Henan Natural Product Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou, P. R. China.,Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Henan Natural Product Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou, P. R. China.,Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yi Fan
- Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Feifei Li
- Henan Natural Product Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou, P. R. China.,Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhining Li
- Henan Natural Product Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou, P. R. China.,Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Aiqin Lin
- Zhengzhou Railway Vocational & Technical College, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Haike Gu
- Institute of Radiation Technology, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Meifang Song
- Institute of Radiation Technology, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Henan Natural Product Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Guijun Liu
- Institute of Radiation Technology, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- Henan Natural Product Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou, P. R. China.,Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
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A Chinese Classical Prescription Chaihu Shugan Powder in Treatment of Post-Stroke Depression: An Overview. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 59:medicina59010055. [PMID: 36676679 PMCID: PMC9862190 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Post-stroke depression (PSD) is the most common mental health problem after a stroke with an incidence of up to 33%. PSD has a negative impact on the rehabilitation and recovery of motor and cognitive dysfunction after a stroke and significantly increases the chance of the recurrence of neurovascular events. At present, medication is the preferred method of coping with PSD. Modern medicine is still unclear regarding the pathogenesis of PSD, with clinical drug treatment mostly using antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). However, a high proportion of patients fail to show an adequate antidepressant response and have adverse reactions after taking antidepressants. In recent years, as the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in clinical treatment continue to emerge, Chinese herbal and TCM formulae have begun to enter the awareness of Chinese scholars and even scholars around the world. As a classic formula with a history of more than 400 years, Chaihu Shugan powder (CHSG) has great advantages in the clinical treatment of PSD. Based on existing clinical and experimental studies, this article comprehensively analyzes clinical cases, mechanisms of action, and drug and chemical effects of CHSG in the treatment of PSD in order to provide more clinical experience and experimental theoretical support for CHSG in the treatment of PSD.
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HPLC Fingerprint Analysis of Rana chensinensis Eggs from Different Habitats and Their Antitussive Effect. Int J Anal Chem 2022; 2022:9229970. [PMID: 36317051 PMCID: PMC9617733 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9229970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a novel fingerprint method was established for the quality control of Rana chensinensis eggs (RE) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were performed. Besides, the antitussive effect of RE was explored. The analysis was achieved on a Kromasil 100-5C18 (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) column by gradient elution using methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid solution as the mobile phase. The influence of RE on cough latent periods and cough times of mice was investigated via an ammonia cough-inducing experiment. The validated HPLC method was precise, reproducible, and stable. The HPLC fingerprints of 10 batches of RE samples displayed 31 well-resolved common peaks in the chromatogram. Three of these peaks were identified and assigned to 1-methyl hydantoin, estradiol, and 4-cholestene-3-one. The similarities of 10 batches of samples were more than 0.95. RE from different origins could be classified into three groups via SPSS 23.0 software, suggesting RE samples from various provinces (Jilin, Liaoning, and Heilongjiang) can be well distinguished via the established method. High dose and middle dose of the RE group can significantly prolong the cough latent periods of mice (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) and inhibit the cough times of mice (P < 0.01), indicating RE had a good antitussive effect. HPLC fingerprint combined with multicomponent determination can be an efficient and useful method for monitoring the quality of RE. This study also provided a more comprehensive strategy for the quality evaluation of RE.
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An Q, Sun H, Wu L, Liu L, Chen S. Quality evaluation of Codonopsis Radix through high performance liquid chromatography fingerprint combined with chemometrics and simultaneous determination of five characteristic ingredients. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2022. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2022.01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Codonopsis Radix (CR) is recorded as the roots of Codonopsis pilosula, C. pilosula var. modesta and Codonopsis tangshen. It is difficult to evaluate the quality of CR because of the existence of many original plants. In this paper, a strategy integrating chromatographic analysis and chemometrics for the quality control of CR is proposed. Systematic analysis of the chemical composition of CR was achieved through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprinting. Based on the HPLC fingerprinting data, chemometrics, including unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) and supervised orthogonal partial least squares-discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA), were applied to classify all CR samples. Components with variable importance in projection values higher than 1 in the OPLS-DA model were selected as potential chemical markers for distinguishing the origins of CR. Finally, an HPLC method was validated for determining the five characteristic ingredients in the CR samples. HPLC characteristic fingerprints showed 17 common peaks for C. pilosula, 13 for C. pilosula var. modesta, and 9 for C. tangshen, and all of them showed good similarity (>0.9). Additionally, there were 9 common peaks for all CR samples with relatively poor similarity, ranging from 0.607 to 0.970. PCA could differentiate CR from the three origins, except for a partial overlap between C. pilosula and C. pilosula var. Modesta, and the OPLS-DA model achieved excellent classification results. Eight components (peaks 12, 8, lobetyolin, 10, codonopsin І, syringin, 3, and 11) were selected as potential chemical markers. There was a large discrepancy in the contents of the five characteristic ingredients in all samples, with the relative standard deviation ranging from 36.0% (lobetyolin) to 85.9% (atractylenolide Ⅲ). The average contents of the five characteristic ingredients were similar between C. pilosula and C. pilosula var. modesta samples and notably higher than those of C. tangshen samples. Consequently, a rapid, precise, and feasible strategy was established for the discrimination and quality control of CR with different origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi An
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Health Vocational College, 100 Wenjin Street, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Hong Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Health Vocational College, 100 Wenjin Street, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Linzhi Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Health Vocational College, 100 Wenjin Street, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Liangliang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Health Vocational College, 100 Wenjin Street, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Sue Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Health Vocational College, 100 Wenjin Street, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi Province, PR China
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Zhang Z, Peng L, Chen Y, Zhang K, Chen J, Li Z, Li W. An integration of UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and chemometrics analysis for the holistic quality evaluation of different geographical Paederia scandens. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9317. [PMID: 35445460 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Due to the special geographical location and climate of China, there are large differences in the chemical composition and content of Paederia scandens (PS) from different origins, which will have a large impact on its efficacy. METHODS An efficient quality control method for PS was established by combining ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analyses. First, a UPLC-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry system was employed to identify the chemical composition of PS from seven different origins. Then, the chemical variation in 73 batches of PS samples was subsequently investigated by quantitation of four marker compounds. RESULTS A total of 15 common compounds were identified in the samples of PS from seven origins. And four of the marker compounds were chosen based on VIP values to characterize the differences between PS samples of different origins. The linearity ranged between 0.005 and 2.500 mg/mL; the correlation coefficients (r2 ) ranged from 0.999 to 1; the limits of detection ranged from 0.013 to 0.033 μg/mL; and the relative standard deviations for repeatability, precisions, and stabilities were below 0.2%, 1.6%, and 0.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION The results show that the method can be effective and comprehensive in evaluating the quality of PS from different origins. And this comprehensive strategy proved to be a powerful technique used to differentiate between different geographical herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Le Peng
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuru Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Chengdu Bright Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Qingdao Key Lab on Analytical Technology Development and Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenlong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Zhan C, Wang H, Wang Y. Quality evaluation of Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma through fingerprint qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 219:114899. [PMID: 35749964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive strategy for quality evaluation of Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma by combining quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker and HPLC fingerprint qualitative analysis was developed and validated in this paper. By analyzing chromatograms of 18 batches of Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma, the reference fingerprint of Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma was generated and 10 common peaks were identified, of which Atractylenolide I, atractylenolide II, atractylenolide III and atractylone were identified with chemical references. With atractylenolide III as an internal reference substance, the contents of the other three components in 18 batches of Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma samples were simultaneously determined by quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker which were not significantly different from the results determined by external standard method (t test, P>0.839). The accuracy, precision, reproducibility and stability of this method were validated which exhibited satisfactory results, indicating that quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker could be used for quantitative analysis of Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma instead of external standard method. The content of each component in 18 batches of Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma was significantly different from each other. There is no Assay specified in the quality standard of Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (volume I) (2020 edition). This method combining quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker and HPLC fingerprint can evaluate quality of Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma samples more comprehensively which is beneficial to the application of Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjuan Zhan
- School of Environmental and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Taizhou Institute of Science & Technology, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 8 Meilan East Road, Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province 225300, PR China.
| | - Hua Wang
- School of Environmental and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Taizhou Institute of Science & Technology, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 8 Meilan East Road, Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province 225300, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Environmental and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Taizhou Institute of Science & Technology, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 8 Meilan East Road, Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province 225300, PR China
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Study on Closely Related Citrus CMMs based on Chemometrics and Prediction of Components-Targets-Diseases Network by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1106353. [PMID: 35529921 PMCID: PMC9068285 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1106353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As the representatives of closely related Chinese medicinal materials (CMMs) originated from Rutaceae family, Aurantii fructus immaturus (AFI), Aurantii fructus (AF), Citri reticulatae pericarpium viride (CRPV), and Citri reticulatae pericarpium (CRP) have better functions in regulating qi and promoting gastrointestinal motility. However, differences in the quality of closely related Citrus CMMs have not yet been revealed until now. Herein, this study focused on the systematic differentiation and in-depth understanding of closely related Citrus CMMs by a strategy integrating chemometrics and network pharmacology. Determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography, the content of nine flavonoids showed obvious fluctuations in the decoction pieces from different species (Citrus aurantium Linnaeus and Citrus reticulate Blanco) with decreasing levels in the samples of ripe fruits. Decoction pieces from the different species and ripening stages were well distinguished by orthogonal projection to latent structure-discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) and cluster analysis. As a result, four active components including narirutin, naringenin, hesperidin, and 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-heptemthoxyflavone were filtered out by variable importance for the projection (VIP) value (VIP > 1.0), which were regarded as chemotaxonomic markers. Furthermore, a components-targets-diseases network was constructed via ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA), and the correlations were predicted between four chemotaxonomic markers, 223 targets, and three diseases including colitis, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer. The obtained results will be of great significance for identifying closely related Citrus CMMs and conduce to improving the resource utilization of CMMs.
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Hao JW, Zhu AL, Chen ND, Liu XQ, Li Q, Xu HM, Yang WH, Qin CF, Wu JD. Simultaneous analysis of 20 free amino acids by a single marker combined with an HPLC fingerprint evaluation of Dendrobium huoshanense. J Food Sci 2021; 86:4828-4839. [PMID: 34642954 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A phenylhexyl isothiocyanate (PITC) precolumn derivatization quantitative analysis of multicomponents by a single marker (QAMS) strategy for the simultaneous analysis of 20 free amino acids (FAA) in Dendrobium huoshanense is proposed. The method was validated by the linearity, limit of detection (LDO), and limit of quantitation (LOQ), recovery, precision, and stability. The results showed that when applying the established method, the LOQ of the FFAs was lower than 1 ng/ml except threonine (1.32 ng) and cysteine (1.16 ng). The QAMS investigation revealed that, using any one of the 20 FAAs as the reference internal standard, no significant differences were observed between the external standard method and the QAMS method for the quantification of FAAs in D. huoshanense by PITC precolumn derivatization [The relative standard deviation (RSD, %) by QAMS and ESM were all below 5%]. HPLC fingerprint investigation combined with similar analysis (the similarity values for S1-S25 were >0.875) and quality fluctuation analysis showed that the cultivation environment might have a great effect on the accumulation of FAAs in D. huoshanense. Overall, our study showed that we might increase the accuracy and scope of the simultaneous quantification of multicomponents using the QAMS technique by being derivatized with a strong UV absorbing group, and QAMS combined with chromatographic fingerprinting can be considered good quality criteria for the quality control of D. huoshanense and may provide analytical technical support for research on Maillard Reaction during the further processing of D. huoshanense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Hao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource, Lu'an, People's Republic of China
| | - An-Ling Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource, Lu'an, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Nai-Dong Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource, Lu'an, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Quan Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource, Lu'an, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Min Xu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Han Yang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Feng Qin
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource, Lu'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Dong Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource, Lu'an, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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12
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Zhang P, Chun Z, Shao Q, Fu L, Luo Y, Gu D, Chen R. Evaluation of the phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of Lophatherum gracile Brongn based on chemical fingerprinting by HPLC with electrochemical detection. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3777-3788. [PMID: 34418299 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A combinative method using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection for fingerprinting and quantitative analysis was developed and successfully applied for the quality evaluation of Lophatherum gracile Brongn leaves collected from 21 geographical locations in China. In the fingerprint analysis, 18 common peaks were observed among the 21 samples, and 10 peaks were identified. Simultaneous quantification of the 10 components was conducted to interpret the variations in these compounds among the L. gracile Brongn leaves originating from different geographical locations. The correlation between the chromatograms and the antioxidant activities of the samples was further studied. The results indicated a linear correlation between the antioxidant activity and the total common peak areas of the fingerprints obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection. Importantly, it was found that high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection fingerprinting can not only determine the quantities of individual components present in such samples but also evaluate the antioxidant activities of the samples. The developed method is a valuable reference for the further study and development of L. gracile Brongn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, P. R. China
| | - Zeli Chun
- School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, P. R. China
| | - Qiju Shao
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, P. R. China
| | - Lidan Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, P. R. China
| | - Yipan Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, P. R. China
| | - Ding Gu
- School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, P. R. China
| | - Rongxiang Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, P. R. China
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13
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Abstract
Phenolic compounds are plants’ bioactive metabolites that have been studied for their ability to confer extensive benefits to human health. As currently there is an increased interest in natural compounds identification and characterization, new analytical methods based on advanced technologies have been developed. This paper summarizes current advances in the state of the art for polyphenols identification and quantification. Analytical techniques ranging from high-pressure liquid chromatography to hyphenated spectrometric methods are discussed. The topic of high-resolution mass spectrometry, from targeted quantification to untargeted comprehensive chemical profiling, is particularly addressed. Structure elucidation is one of the important steps for natural products research. Mass spectral data handling approaches, including acquisition mode selection, accurate mass measurements, elemental composition, mass spectral library search algorithms and structure confirmation through mass fragmentation pathways, are discussed.
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14
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Sun K, Su C, Li W, Gong Z, Sha C, Liu R. Quality markers based on phytochemical analysis and anti-inflammatory screening: An integrated strategy for the quality control of Dalbergia odorifera by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 84:153511. [PMID: 33652358 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quality control, key for the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), should be connected to the authentication and efficacy of TCMs. The heartwood of Dalbergia odorifera has been widely used to treat inflammation-related diseases. However, in the Chinese pharmacopeia, only the total volatile oil, which does not sufficiently reflect the clinical efficacy, is used as a quality control indicator. PURPOSE Establishing a "phytochemical-specificity-effectiveness-Q-marker" analytical strategy to improve the quality control of D. odorifera. METHODS Combined with biosynthetic pathway analysis, phytochemical compositions identified by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS were used to build substantial phytochemical groups and further discover specific Q-markers. Then, lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were used to screen effective anti-inflammatory ingredients. Finally, a UHPLC-HRMS method was developed and validated to quantify the selected Q-markers in D. odorifera samples. RESULTS Along the constructed biosynthetic pathways, 93 phytochemical components were identified in D. odorifera, including 7 chalcones, 13 flavanones, 21 isoflavones, 21 isoflavanones, 3 flavonols, 19 neoflavones, etc. Among them, 31 compounds representing these 6 categories were further evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities. It revealed that the extract of D. odorifera and nine flavonoids in the noncytotoxic range could alleviated lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells by decreasing the production of proinflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide and interleukin-6. Notably, neoflavones, as species-specific components, exhibited superior anti-inflammatory activities among the representative compounds. Finally, 12 Q-markers (butin, liquiritigenin, eriodictyol, melanettin, naringenin, butein, genistein, 4'-hydroxy-4-methoxydalbergione, isoliquiritigenin, 2,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzophenone, medicarpin, and pinocembrin), which reflect specificity and effectiveness, were successfully quantified in 10 batches of samples from different origins. The origins and consistency of D. odorifera could be efficiently discriminated by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). CONCLUSION The analysis strategy that combines phytochemical analysis with anti-inflammatory screening clarified the therapeutic material basis and discovered Q-markers, which possibly offers a more comprehensive quality assessment of D. odorifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Chaonan Su
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Zhao Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Chunjie Sha
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Rongxia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
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15
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Wang Q, Zou Z, Zhang Y, Lin P, Lan T, Qin Z, Xu D, Wu H, Yao Z. Characterization of chemical profile and quantification of major representative components of Wendan decoction, a classical traditional Chinese medicine formula. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:1036-1061. [PMID: 33403778 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Wendan decoction, a classical traditional Chinese medicine formula consisting of six herbal medicines, has been widely used in clinical treatments for thousands of years due to the expectorant effects. However, the chemical basis of Wendan decoction remains unclear, which hinders the elucidation of the scientific connotation and mechanism of its effective components. In this study, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry method was first developed for characterization of its chemical profile, and a total of 142 chemical components including flavonoids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, coumarins, pungent phytochemicals, and other types were detected, among which 41 components were definitively identified with authentic standards. Furthermore, 14 major representative components were simultaneously quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector, indicating that the content levels of flavonoids were the most abundant in Wendan decoction. In summary, this study established sensitive and practical methods to systematically characterize chemical profile for the first time and simultaneous quantify representative components of Wendan decoction. These findings above would provide a solid chemical basis for disclosure of potential effective components by further in vivo disposal study, and promote therapeutic mechanism researches of Wendan decoction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu Zou
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yezi Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Pei Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Taohua Lan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zifei Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Danping Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Huanlin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhihong Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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16
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Zhang J, Wang D, Zhang X, Yang J, Chai X, Wang Y. Application of "spider-web" mode in discovery and identification of Q-markers from Xuefu Zhuyu capsule. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 77:153273. [PMID: 32663710 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The selection of quality control indicators in a complex system is a key scientific issue for the study of Chinese materia medica (CMM), which is directly related to its safety and efficacy. In order to scientifically understand and control the quality of CMM, quality marker (Q-marker) has been recently raised as a new concept, which provided a novel research idea for the quality control and evaluation of CMM. PURPOSE By a new and integrated "spider-web" mode, Q-markers of Xuefu Zhuyu capsule (XZC) were comprehensively uncovered, conducing to great improvement of quality control of XZC. METHODS Mainly established by three dimensions derived from six variables including content, stability and activity, "spider-web" mode was constructed to evaluate Q-marker property of candidate compounds by taking regression area of the tested compounds into account. RESULTS The candidate compounds with larger regression area were preferentially adopted as Q-markers, which should possess the satisfactorily integrated properties of content, stability and activity. Six compounds, naringin, isoliquiritin, paeoniflorin, protocatechuic acid, neohesperidin and ferulic acid, were identified and preferred as Q-markers of XZC. CONCLUSION Based on "spider-web" mode, Q-markers from Xuefu Zhuyu capsule were successfully screened, which would substantially perform quality control of XZC and prove the feasibility of "spider-web" mode in solving the selection of quality control indicators from compound formulae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Danni Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Xin Chai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
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