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Bai L, Zhang ZT, Guan H, Liu W, Chen L, Yuan D, Chen P, Xue M, Yan G. Rapid and accurate quality evaluation of Angelicae Sinensis Radix based on near-infrared spectroscopy and Bayesian optimized LSTM network. Talanta 2024; 275:126098. [PMID: 38640523 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The authentic traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) including Angelicae Sinensis Radix (ASR) are the representative of high-quality herbals in China. However, ASR from authentic region being adulterated or counterfeited is frequently occurring, and there is still a lack of rapid quality evaluation methods for identifying the authentic ASR. In this study, the color features of ASR were firstly characterized. The results showed that the authentic ASR cannot be fully identified by color characteristics. Then near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with Bayesian optimized long short-term memory (BO-LSTM) was used to evaluate the quality of ASR, and the performance of BO-LSTM with common classification and regression algorithms was compared. The results revealed that following the pretreatment of NIR spectra, the optimal NIR spectra combined with BO-LSTM not only successfully distinguished authentic, non-authentic, and adulterated ASR with 100 % accuracy, but also accurately predicted the adulteration concentration of authentic ASR (R2 > 0.99). Moreover, BO-LSTM demonstrated excellent performance in classification and regression compared with common algorithms (ANN, SVM, PLSR, etc.). Overall, the proposed strategy could quickly and accurately evaluate the quality of ASR, which provided a reference for other TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Development and Application of External Drugs in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescription, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhi-Tong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Development and Application of External Drugs in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescription, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huanhuan Guan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Development and Application of External Drugs in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescription, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenjian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Development and Application of External Drugs in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescription, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Development and Application of External Drugs in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescription, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dongping Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Development and Application of External Drugs in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescription, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Pan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Development and Application of External Drugs in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescription, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mei Xue
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of TCM Intelligence Health Service, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Guojun Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Development and Application of External Drugs in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescription, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Zhang Y, Jiang K, Chen S, Wang L, Zhang X, Xu W, Yam MF, Wu C, Xu W, Lin Y. Quality control of Ganoderma lucidum by using C, H, O, and N stable isotopes and C and N contents for geographical traceability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1234729. [PMID: 37885663 PMCID: PMC10598867 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1234729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Rationale Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) is a popular medicinal fungus that has been used in traditional medicine for decades, with its provenance influencing its medicinal and commercial worth. The amount of active ingredients and the price of G. lucidum from different origins vary significantly; hence, fraudulent labeling is common. Reliable techniques for G. lucidum geographic verification are urgently required to safeguard the interests of consumers, producers, and honest dealers. A stable isotope is widely acknowledged as a useful traceability technique and could be developed to confirm the geographical origin of G. lucidum. Methods G. lucidum samples from various sources and in varying stages were identified by using δ 13C, δD, δ 18O, δ 15N, C, and N contents combined with chemometric tools. Chemometric approaches, including PCA, OPLS-DA, PLS, and FLDA models, were applied to the obtained data. The established models were used to trace the origin of G. lucidum from various sources or track various stages of G. lucidum. Results In the stage model, the δ 13C, δD, δ 18O, δ 15N, C, and N contents were considered meaningful variables to identify various stages of G. lucidum (bud development, growth, and maturing) using PCA and OPLS-DA and the findings were validated by the PLS model rather than by only four variables (δ 13C, δD, δ 18O, and δ 15N). In the origin model, only four variables, namely δ 13C, δD, δ 18O, and δ 15N, were used. PCA divided G. lucidum samples into four clusters: A (Zhejiang), B (Anhui), C (Jilin), and D (Fujian). The OPLS-DA model could be used to classify the origin of G. lucidum. The model was validated by other test samples (Pseudostellaria heterophylla), and the external test (G. lucidum) by PLS and FLDA models demonstrated external verification accuracy of up to 100%. Conclusion C, H, O, and N stable isotopes and C and N contents combined with chemometric techniques demonstrated considerable potential in the geographic authentication of G. lucidum, providing a promising method to identify stages of G. lucidum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Centre of Biomedical Research & Diversity of Development, Fujian University Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Kunxia Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Centre of Biomedical Research & Diversity of Development, Fujian University Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Sisi Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lina Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Centre of Biomedical Research & Diversity of Development, Fujian University Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Centre of Biomedical Research & Diversity of Development, Fujian University Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Innovation and Transformation Center of Science and Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Mun Fei Yam
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Changhui Wu
- Research and Development Department, Fujian Xianzhilou Biological Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Centre of Biomedical Research & Diversity of Development, Fujian University Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Centre of Biomedical Research & Diversity of Development, Fujian University Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Zhang J, Cheng M, Xue Y, Lin L, Wang Y, Li B. Volatile flavour identification and odour complexity of radix Angelicae sinensis by electronic nose, integrated gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/olfactometry and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2023; 34:329-346. [PMID: 36740772 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radix Angelicae sinensis (Danggui, DG) is known as one of the typical traditional Chinese medicines. DG material consists of a variety of volatile substances, polysaccharides, organic acids, ceramides, amino acids, vitamins, microelements, among others, and thus has been used for medicinal and edible purposes in a long history. The fragrance is of importance to assessing the DG material quality. OBJECTIVES This study was to determine volatile flavour compositions of DG materials and to reveal the odour complexity. MATERIAL AND METHODS Electronic nose (E-nose), integrated gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/olfactometry (GC-MS/O) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOF-MS), combined with solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME), were mainly used to address the flavour complexity of DG materials. RESULTS Using the E-nose sensor responses, a total of 105 batches of DG samples cultivated in six provinces of China were categorised according to their odour differentiations, and a principal component analysis (PCA) model was established for evaluating the sample quality through a combination of Hotelling's T2 and Q-residual values in a statistical quantitative sense. By the GC-MS/O and GC × GC-TOF-MS analyses, 196 volatile flavour compounds were identified, 51 odour-active areas discerned and 39 odourants determined. It was terpenes and aromatics of the flavour compounds that mainly contributed to the odour attributes of DG herb. CONCLUSION The SPME-GC × GC-TOF-MS method was the first time employed to analyse the volatile flavours of DG materials, and thus made a breakthrough in determining 196 flavour compounds, much more than those in any previous report. The work also made a significant step forward to link the flavour compositions and odour complexity of radix Angelicae sinensis by E-nose and GC-MS/O techniques. It not only provided a statistical PCA model that did not depend on any predetermined compositions or sensory properties for, but also a comprehensive insight into the quality evaluation of DG materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Quality and Standard Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ming Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Quality and Standard Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanbin Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Quality and Standard Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yali Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Quality and Standard Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Boyan Li
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Zhao SL, Fu F, Yu BY, Li RS. Analysis of 12 Chemical Compounds And Pattern Recognition of Different Parts of Angelicae Sinensis Radix by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry And Chemometrics Methods. J Chromatogr Sci 2023; 61:103-109. [PMID: 36478174 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the quality and quantify bioactive constituents in different parts of Angelicae Sinensis Radix, an efficient, high-speed, high-sensitivity high-performance liquid chromatography and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method was used for simultaneous detection of 12 chemical compounds including L-tryptophan, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, isoferulic acid, senkyunolide I, guanosine, proline, L-glutamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamic acid, and arginine in 52 batches of Angelicae Sinensis Radix from Gansu, China. The established methods were validated by good linearity (R2≥0.9921), limits of detection (0.0001-0.0156 μg/mL), limits of quantitation (0.0006-0.0781 μg/mL), stability (RSD≤7.77%), repeatability (RSD≤6.79%), intra- and interday precisions (RSD≤6.00% and RSD≤6.39%, respectively) and recovery (90.90-107.16%). According to the quantitative results, the contents of the hydrophilic compounds were higher in the head, while the medium and weak polar components were mainly concentrated in the tail. Finally, principal component analysis results revealed that Angelicae Sinensis Radix could be divided into different medicinal sites based on polar components such as amino acids, nucleosides. The combination of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and principal component analysis is a simple and reliable method for pattern recognition and quality evaluation of Angelicae Sinensis Radix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, Cellular and Molecular Biology Center. School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Molecular Life Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Fei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, Cellular and Molecular Biology Center. School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P.R. China
| | - Bo-Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, Cellular and Molecular Biology Center. School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P.R. China
| | - Ren-Shi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, Cellular and Molecular Biology Center. School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P.R. China
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Zhao H, Qi M, Gong Y, Chen H, Wang D, Fan J, Wang Y, Wang J. Danggui Buxue Decoction: Comparative pharmacokinetic research on six bio-active components in different states by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry after oral administration. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200794. [PMID: 36680767 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Danggui Buxue Decoction is a classic formula containing Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix in a 5:1 ratio and has been extensively used to treat blood deficiency for thousands of years. The aim of the study was to investigate the differences in plasma protein binding, pharmacokinetics, and tissue distribution of Danggui Buxue Decoction in normal and blood-deficient rats by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The effects on peripheral blood routine were verified. The compounds exhibited higher plasma protein binding and absorption in the model group compared to the control group, except formononetin. The six ingredients were distributed widely, and the highest concentrations were detected in the heart and uterus. As has been demonstrated in the previous study of the effect of Danggui Buxue Decoction, its potential is to serve as an effective traditional Chinese medicine formula for treating cardiovascular diseases and impacting estrogenic properties, which reveals the potential target organs of Danggui Buxue Decoction the heart and uterus. Our findings suggested that the absorption and distribution of different components in Danggui Buxue Decoction varies depending on the pathological state, molecular weight, lipid solubility, transporter-mediated efflux, and other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedi Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Miao Qi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Gong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Han Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Fan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yanmin Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jingjuan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
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Comprehensive quality evaluation of Compound Bismuth Aluminate Tablets by multiple fingerprint profiles combined with quantitative analysis and antioxidant activity. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yin H, Ni H, Zhang L, Wu W, Wu X, Zhang Z, Long H, Lei M, Hou J, Wu W. Untargeted metabolomics coupled with chemometric analysis deducing robust markers for discrimination of processing procedures: Wine-processed Angelica sinensis as a case study. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:4092-4110. [PMID: 34510721 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Wine-processed Angelica Sinensis is a widely used Chinese medicinal decoction piece in China. However, there are hardly any robust markers indicating the processing procedure of wine-processed Angelica Sinensis, including the amount of rice wine and processing degree. A strategy integrating untargeted metabolomics and chemometric analysis for deducing robust markers was provided and applied to the discrimination of processing procedure. First, 86 compounds were tentatively identified in wine-processed Angelica Sinensis by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry. Second, 93 potential chemical markers were selected using multivariate analysis, among which nine robust chemical markers were selected by verification with commercial samples. Finally, the effects of processing temperature, time, and amount of rice wine on the three selected chemical markers were investigated through a rapid analytical method. It was demonstrated that both m/z 258.1097 and 238.1189 were positively correlated with the amount of rice wine and processing degree. In summary, this study introduced two candidate processing markers as robust markers for discriminating the processing procedures of wine-processed Angelica sinensis. It also proposed a strategy to provide the reference for the research of other decoction pieces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hui Ni
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wenyong Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xingdong Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zijia Zhang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Huali Long
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Min Lei
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jinjun Hou
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wanying Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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