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Huang JL, Zhou X. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among parents and adolescents following Typhoon Lekima: Examination of the mother-daughter sex matching effect. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:709-718. [PMID: 36734237 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422001511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the same-sex matching effect of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms from parents to children and the mediating role of children' sense of security and catastrophization. Longitudinal data from 447 parent-child dyads were acquired using self-report scales. Parents (77.0% mothers; Mage = 40.15 years old) reported their PTSD symptoms 3 months after Super Typhoon Lekima, and children (55.9% girls; Mage = 13.40 years old) reported their PTSD symptoms, sense of security, and catastrophization 3 months and 15 months after the typhoon. Results showed that intrusion in mothers predicated intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal symptoms in daughters, while avoidance and hyperarousal in mothers predicted the same symptoms in daughters. This was not observed in any other parent-child dyads. Moreover, mothers' intrusion positively predicted daughters' PTSD symptoms via daughters' sense of security and then catastrophization, while mothers' hyperarousal showed the opposite prediction. These findings suggest that a same-sex matching effect occurs from mothers to daughters in terms of intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal symptoms of PTSD. Thus, clinical interventions that target daughters' PTSD symptoms should also consider mothers' intrusion and avoidance symptoms. Moreover, it may be possible to develop interventions to improve daughters' sense of security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Li Huang
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Kovacevic M, Montes M, Tirone V, Pridgen S, Smith DL, Burns JW, Held P. Treating a common comorbidity: Pain outcomes following a 3-week cognitive processing therapy-based intensive treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder address. J Trauma Stress 2024; 37:47-56. [PMID: 38091254 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) commonly co-occurs with pain and has been implicated in the maintenance of chronic pain. However, limited research has examined whether intervening for PTSD can hinder or optimize treatment outcomes for co-occurring pain and PTSD. In the present study, we examined changes in pain, PTSD, and depressive symptoms among 125 veterans completing a 3-week cognitive processing therapy (CPT)-based intensive treatment program (ITP) for PTSD. We also explored whether pretreatment pain interference predicted changes in PTSD and depressive symptom severity and whether larger changes in pain interference over the course of treatment were associated with larger changes in PTSD and depressive symptom severity. Linear mixed models revealed that participants' pain interference decreased throughout treatment, d = 0.15, p = .039. Higher levels of pretreatment pain interference were associated with higher PTSD, p = .001, and depressive symptom severity, p = .014, over time. Larger reductions in pain interference corresponded to more improvement in PTSD symptoms, β = -.03; p < .001, but not depressive symptoms. These findings indicate that ITPs for PTSD can reduce pain interferences, albeit to a small degree, and that reductions in pain interference can contribute to reductions in PTSD symptom severity. Future studies should examine which treatment components contribute to larger changes in symptom severity for veterans with co-occurring pain and PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merdijana Kovacevic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mauricio Montes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Vanessa Tirone
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sarah Pridgen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dale L Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - John W Burns
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Philip Held
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Schulz-Heik RJ, Avery TJ, Jo B, Mahoney L, Bayley PJ. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Does Not Compromise Behavioral Pain Treatment: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial Among Veterans. Glob Adv Health Med 2022; 11:21649561221075578. [PMID: 35186445 PMCID: PMC8855456 DOI: 10.1177/21649561221075578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and chronic pain
evince different presentations, coping strategies, and treatment utilization patterns
than individuals with chronic pain alone. Theorists have suggested that comorbid PTSD
may complicate chronic pain treatment, and that integrated pain and PTSD treatment may
be preferable to pain treatment alone. Objective Assess whether comorbid PTSD moderates Veterans’ response to yoga and/or cognitive
behavioral therapy (CBT) for pain. Methods Veterans with Gulf War illness (n = 75) were assessed using the Brief Pain Inventory at
baseline and posttreatment as part of a randomized clinical trial. PTSD status was
abstracted from participants’ medical records. Results PTSD+ participants (n = 41) reported more pain at baseline than PTSD− participants (n =
34; d = .66, p < .01). PTSD+ participants
experienced more improvement in pain from baseline to posttreatment than PTSD−
participants by a small to moderate, marginally statistically significant amount
(d = .39, p = .07). The relationship between PTSD
and treatment outcome was not moderated by treatment type (yoga vs CBT;
p = .99). Observation of treatment responses across PTSD status (+ vs
−) and treatment (yoga vs CBT) revealed that PTSD+ participants responded well to
yoga. Conclusion PTSD is not associated with reduced effectiveness of behavioral chronic pain treatment
among Veterans with Gulf War illness. Therefore behavioral pain treatment should be made
readily available to Veterans with pain and PTSD. Yoga deserves further consideration as
a treatment for pain among individuals with PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jay Schulz-Heik
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Timothy J Avery
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Booil Jo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Louise Mahoney
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Peter J Bayley
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Personality beliefs, coping strategies and quality of life in a cognitive-behavioral therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF TRAUMA & DISSOCIATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2019.100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Fonzo GA, Federchenco V, Lara A. Predicting and Managing Treatment Non-Response in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN PSYCHIATRY 2020; 7:70-87. [PMID: 33344106 PMCID: PMC7748158 DOI: 10.1007/s40501-020-00203-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to synthesize existing research regarding the definition of treatment resistance in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), predictors of treatment non-response to first-line interventions, and emerging second-line PTSD treatment options into an accessible resource for the practicing clinician. RECENT FINDINGS The concept of treatment resistance in PTSD is currently poorly defined and operationalized. There are no well-established predictors of treatment non-response utilized in routine clinical care, but existing research identifies several potential candidate markers, including male gender, low social support, chronic and early life trauma exposure, comorbid psychiatric disorders, severe PTSD symptoms, and poor physical health. The most promising available treatment options for PTSD patients non-responsive to first-line psychotherapies and antidepressants include transcranial magnetic stimulation and ketamine infusion. Methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy also appears promising but is only available in a research context. These options require careful consideration of risks and benefits for a particular patient. SUMMARY More research is required to develop a robust, clinically-useful definition of treatment resistance in PTSD; identify reliable, readily assessable, and generalizable predictors of PTSD treatment non-response; and implement measurement and prediction in clinical settings to identify individuals unlikely to respond to first-line treatments and direct them to appropriate second-line treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A. Fonzo
- Department of Psychiatry, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Vecheslav Federchenco
- General Psychiatry Residency, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin
- Equal contributions to authorship
| | - Alba Lara
- General Psychiatry Residency, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin
- Equal contributions to authorship
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The Association Between Pain Trajectories With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, and Disability During the Acute Posttrauma Period. Psychosom Med 2020; 82:862-868. [PMID: 33156263 PMCID: PMC7665839 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to a traumatic event is common among US adults, yet only a small fraction develops posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Higher pain after a traumatic injury has been associated with higher PTSD symptoms and thus may be a risk factor. However, few studies have examined how pain during the period immediately after a trauma, referred to as the acute posttrauma period, relates later to PTSD outcomes. METHODS A sample of (n = 87) individuals who had experienced a traumatic injury assessed their pain through daily mobile assessments for the first month after injury. PTSD, depression, and functional impairment were assessed at the time of trauma and 1 and 3 months later. RESULTS Using latent class growth analysis, three trajectories of pain were identified: low pain (41.3%), decreasing pain (43.7%), and high pain (14.9%). At baseline, the high-pain class reported higher levels of depression and functional impairment than did the low-pain group. From baseline to 3 months, the low-pain class experienced a reduction in PTSD, depression, and functional impairment, whereas the high-pain class experienced an increase in PTSD symptoms, persistent depression, and functional impairment. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that there are distinct trajectories of pain after a traumatic injury. Persistent elevated pain is associated with more severe psychopathology in the period immediately after a traumatic injury.
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Sripada RK, Blow FC, Rauch SAM, Ganoczy D, Hoff R, Harpaz-Rotem I, Bohnert KM. Examining the nonresponse phenomenon: Factors associated with treatment response in a national sample of veterans undergoing residential PTSD treatment. J Anxiety Disord 2019; 63:18-25. [PMID: 30785007 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although several treatments for PTSD have demonstrated efficacy, a substantial portion of patients do not experience clinically significant improvement. Predictors of treatment response are poorly understood. The current study was designed to investigate predictors of PTSD symptom change in a large national sample of treatment-seeking Veterans with PTSD. METHOD We analyzed predictors of treatment response among Veterans engaged in residential PTSD treatment from 2012 to 2013 (N = 2715). Multilevel modeling was used to assess the association between individual-level factors and symptom improvement from treatment entry to post-discharge. Guided by the theory of Resources, Life Events and Changes in Psychological States, we hypothesized that individuals with greater psychological, social/contextual, material, and physical health resources would exhibit better treatment response. RESULTS In adjusted analyses, accounting for facility, factors that predicted better treatment response included female gender, more psychological and social/contextual protective factors, and more years of education. Factors that predicted worse treatment response included Black race, comorbid personality disorder, greater pain severity, and current application for disability-related compensation. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight factors that place individuals at risk of poor treatment response. Treatment modifications may be needed in order to optimize response for subgroups who are less likely to benefit from residential PTSD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Sripada
- Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research and Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Frederic C Blow
- Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research and Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sheila A M Rauch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Dara Ganoczy
- Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research and Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Rani Hoff
- Veterans Affairs Northeast Program Evaluation Center, West Haven, CT, United States; Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, Veteran Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States; Yale University, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ilan Harpaz-Rotem
- Veterans Affairs Northeast Program Evaluation Center, West Haven, CT, United States; Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, Veteran Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States; Yale University, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Kipling M Bohnert
- Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research and Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Lea CR, Oliver RJP, Smothers Z, Boucher NA, Youssef NA, Ames D, Volk F, Teng EJ, Koenig HG. The Moderating Effect of Religious Involvement on the Relationship Between PTSD Symptoms and Physical Pain in U.S. Veterans and Active Duty Military. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/21635781.2018.1526149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Lea
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Zachary Smothers
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Nathan A. Boucher
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Nagy A. Youssef
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Donna Ames
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, North Carolina
- University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, North Carolina
| | - Fred Volk
- Department of Counselor Education and Family Studies, School of Behavioral Sciences, Liberty University, Lynchburg, Virginia
| | - Ellen J. Teng
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Harold G. Koenig
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Shi, Ningxia Huizuzizhiqu, China
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Sripada RK, Hoff R, Pfeiffer PN, Ganoczy D, Blow FC, Bohnert KM. Latent classes of PTSD symptoms in veterans undergoing residential PTSD treatment. Psychol Serv 2018; 17:84-92. [PMID: 30284867 DOI: 10.1037/ser0000284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although most veterans in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health system are treated for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the outpatient setting, the VA has approximately 40 residential PTSD treatment facilities across the country for those requiring more intensive care. The symptom profiles of these veterans are poorly understood. Thus, the current study was designed to characterize classes of PTSD symptoms in a national sample of veterans undergoing residential treatment. We analyzed latent classes of PTSD symptoms among 2,452 veterans entering VA PTSD residential treatment in fiscal year 2013. The model with the best fit was a 4-class model comprising a low symptom class, moderate symptom class with high reexperiencing symptoms, a moderate symptom class with high emotional numbing, and a high symptom class. Compared to classes identified in outpatient samples, these classes were similar in type but greater in severity. Classes differed by age, race/ethnicity, trauma type, co-occurring medical conditions, co-occurring psychiatric conditions, and social functioning. Compared to the moderate class with high emotional numbing, those in the moderate class with high reexperiencing symptoms were more likely to be non-White, have greater pain severity, greater sleep problems, and were less likely to be depressed. Our findings suggest that veterans in residential treatment who have more severe PTSD symptoms also experience other medical and psychosocial stressors. A better understanding of symptom profiles may help to create more individualized treatment planning and thus potentially improve care for these veterans. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rani Hoff
- Veteran Affairs Northeast Program Evaluation Center
| | | | - Dara Ganoczy
- Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research
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