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Kusack JW, Tozer DC, Schummer ML, Hobson KA. Origins of harvested American black ducks: stable isotopes support the flyover hypothesis. J Wildl Manage 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jackson W. Kusack
- Western University, Department of Biology Biological and Geological Sciences Building 1151 Richmond Street London, Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Douglas C. Tozer
- Long Point Waterfowl and Wetlands Research Program Birds Canada P.O. Box 160 (Courier: 115 Front Road) Port Rowan, Ontario N0E 1M0 Canada
| | - Michael L. Schummer
- State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry Department of Environmental Biology 1 Forestry Drive Syracuse, New York 13210 USA
| | - Keith A. Hobson
- Western University, Department of Biology Biological and Geological Sciences Building 1151 Richmond Street London, Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
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Prosser DJ, Chen J, Ahlstrom CA, Reeves AB, Poulson RL, Sullivan JD, McAuley D, Callahan CR, McGowan PC, Bahl J, Stallknecht DE, Ramey AM. Maintenance and dissemination of avian-origin influenza A virus within the northern Atlantic Flyway of North America. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010605. [PMID: 35666770 PMCID: PMC9203021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild waterbirds, the natural reservoirs for avian influenza viruses, undergo migratory movements each year, connecting breeding and wintering grounds within broad corridors known as flyways. In a continental or global view, the study of virus movements within and across flyways is important to understanding virus diversity, evolution, and movement. From 2015 to 2017, we sampled waterfowl from breeding (Maine) and wintering (Maryland) areas within the Atlantic Flyway (AF) along the east coast of North America to investigate the spatio-temporal trends in persistence and spread of influenza A viruses (IAV). We isolated 109 IAVs from 1,821 cloacal / oropharyngeal samples targeting mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and American black ducks (Anas rubripes), two species having ecological and conservation importance in the flyway that are also host reservoirs of IAV. Isolates with >99% nucleotide similarity at all gene segments were found between eight pairs of birds in the northern site across years, indicating some degree of stability among genome constellations and the possibility of environmental persistence. No movement of whole genome constellations were identified between the two parts of the flyway, however, virus gene flow between the northern and southern study locations was evident. Examination of banding records indicate direct migratory waterfowl movements between the two locations within an annual season, providing a mechanism for the inferred viral gene flow. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses provided evidence for virus dissemination from other North American wild birds to AF dabbling ducks (Anatinae), shorebirds (Charidriformes), and poultry (Galliformes). Evidence was found for virus dissemination from shorebirds to gulls (Laridae), and dabbling ducks to shorebirds and poultry. The findings from this study contribute to the understanding of IAV ecology in waterfowl within the AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diann J. Prosser
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Laurel, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jiani Chen
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Christina A. Ahlstrom
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Andrew B. Reeves
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Rebecca L. Poulson
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jeffery D. Sullivan
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Laurel, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Daniel McAuley
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Laurel, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Carl R. Callahan
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office, Annapolis, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter C. McGowan
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office, Annapolis, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Justin Bahl
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - David E. Stallknecht
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Andrew M. Ramey
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
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Lavretsky P, Janzen T, McCracken KG. Identifying hybrids & the genomics of hybridization: Mallards & American black ducks of Eastern North America. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:3470-3490. [PMID: 30962906 PMCID: PMC6434578 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Resolving evolutionary relationships and establishing population structure depends on molecular diagnosability that is often limited for closely related taxa. Here, we use 3,200 ddRAD-seq loci across 290 mallards, American black ducks, and putative hybrids to establish population structure and estimate hybridization rates. We test between traditional assignment probability and accumulated recombination events based analyses to assign hybrids to generational classes. For hybrid identification, we report the distribution of recombination events complements ADMIXTURE simulation by extending resolution past F4 hybrid status; however, caution against hybrid assignment based on accumulated recombination events due to an inability to resolve F1 hybrids. Nevertheless, both analyses suggest that there are relatively few backcrossed stages before a lineage's hybrid ancestry is lost and the offspring are effectively parental again. We conclude that despite high rates of observed interspecific hybridization between mallards and black ducks in the middle part of the 20th century, our results do not support the predicted hybrid swarm. Conversely, we report that mallard samples genetically assigned to western and non-western clusters. We indicate that these non-western mallards likely originated from game-farm stock, suggesting landscape level gene flow between domestic and wild conspecifics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Lavretsky
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Texas at El PasoEl PasoTexas
- Department of BiologyUniversity of MiamiCoral GablesFlorida
| | - Thijs Janzen
- Department of Ecological Genomics, Institute for Biology and Environmental SciencesCarl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgOldenburgGermany
| | - Kevin G. McCracken
- Department of BiologyUniversity of MiamiCoral GablesFlorida
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of MiamiMiamiFlorida
- Human Genetics and GenomicsHussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFlorida
- Institute of Arctic Biology and University of Alaska MuseumUniversity of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAlaska
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4
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Franklin AB, Bevins SN, Ellis JW, Miller RS, Shriner S, Root JJ, Walsh DP, Deliberto TJ. Predicting the initial spread of novel Asian origin influenza A viruses in the continental USA by wild waterfowl. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 66:705-714. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan. B. Franklin
- U. S. Department of Agriculture APHIS‐WS National Wildlife Research Center Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Sarah N. Bevins
- U. S. Department of Agriculture APHIS‐WS National Wildlife Research Center Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Jeremy W. Ellis
- U. S. Department of Agriculture APHIS‐WS National Wildlife Research Center Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Ryan S. Miller
- U. S. Department of Agriculture APHIS‐VS Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Susan A. Shriner
- U. S. Department of Agriculture APHIS‐WS National Wildlife Research Center Fort Collins Colorado
| | - J. Jeffrey Root
- U. S. Department of Agriculture APHIS‐WS National Wildlife Research Center Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Daniel P. Walsh
- U. S. Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center Madison Wisconsin
| | - Thomas J. Deliberto
- U. S. Department of Agriculture APHIS‐WS National Wildlife Research Center Fort Collins Colorado
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Wilson RE, Ely CR, Talbot SL. Flyway structure in the circumpolar greater white-fronted goose. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:8490-8507. [PMID: 30250718 PMCID: PMC6144976 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal and migratory behavior are influential factors in determining how genetic diversity is distributed across the landscape. In migratory species, genetic structure can be promoted via several mechanisms including fidelity to distinct migratory routes. Particularly within North America, waterfowl management units have been delineated according to distinct longitudinal migratory flyways supported by banding data and other direct evidence. The greater white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons) is a migratory waterfowl species with a largely circumpolar distribution consisting of up to six subspecies roughly corresponding to phenotypic variation. We examined the rangewide population genetic structure of greater white-fronted geese using mtDNA control region sequence data and microsatellite loci from 23 locales across North America and Eurasia. We found significant differentiation in mtDNA between sampling locales with flyway delineation explaining a significant portion of the observed genetic variation (~12%). This is concordant with band recovery data which shows little interflyway or intercontinental movements. However, microsatellite loci revealed little genetic structure suggesting a panmictic population across most of the Arctic. As with many high-latitude species, Beringia appears to have played a role in the diversification of this species. A common Beringian origin of North America and Asian populations and a recent divergence could at least partly explain the general lack of structure at nuclear markers. Further, our results do not provide strong support for the various taxonomic proposals for this species except for supporting the distinctness of two isolated breeding populations within Cook Inlet, Alaska (A. a. elgasi) and Greenland (A. a. flavirostris), consistent with their subspecies status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E. Wilson
- Alaska Science CenterU. S. Geological SurveyAnchorageAlaska
- Institute of Arctic BiologyUniversity of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAlaska
| | - Craig R. Ely
- Alaska Science CenterU. S. Geological SurveyAnchorageAlaska
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Sullivan KM, Kopec AD. Mercury in wintering American black ducks (Anas rubripes) downstream from a point-source on the lower Penobscot River, Maine, USA. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 612:1187-1199. [PMID: 28892863 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Waterfowl wintering along the lower Penobscot River, Maine continue to be exposed to elevated Hg concentrations from the HoltraChem chlor-alkali plant that operated along the river between 1967 and 2000. In American black ducks (Anas rubripes) total Hg in duck breast muscle increased with residence time on contaminated marshes, reaching means of 0.82±0.21μg/g ww (wet weight) by the end of the fall hunting season, and prompting Maine to issue a human consumption advisory on duck breast muscle. Methyl Hg comprised over 99% of the total Hg in breast muscle. The ratio of Hg concentrations in blood and muscle were strongly correlated and approached 1:1 after extended residence times. Primary feather (P1) total Hg concentrations averaged 2.2±1.3μg/g fw (fresh weight), verifying low Hg exposure during feather growth on distant breeding grounds the preceding summer. Mercury concentrations in black ducks, following winter residence along the lower Penobscot exceeded levels associated with reproductive toxicity. Carry-over of Hg to summer breeding grounds may limit the subsequent reproductive success of black ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Sullivan
- Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, Wildlife Research and Assessment Section, Bangor, ME 04401, USA.
| | - A Dianne Kopec
- Penobscot River Mercury Study, 479 Beechwood Ave., Old Town, ME 04468, USA.
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McDermott PL, Wikle CK, Millspaugh J. A hierarchical spatiotemporal analog forecasting model for count data. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:790-800. [PMID: 29321914 PMCID: PMC5756884 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Analog forecasting is a mechanism‐free nonlinear method that forecasts a system forward in time by examining how past states deemed similar to the current state moved forward. Previous applications of analog forecasting has been successful at producing robust forecasts for a variety of ecological and physical processes, but it has typically been presented in an empirical or heuristic procedure, rather than as a formal statistical model. The methodology presented here extends the model‐based analog method of McDermott and Wikle (Environmetrics, 27, 2016, 70) by placing analog forecasting within a fully hierarchical statistical framework that can accommodate count observations. Using a Bayesian approach, the hierarchical analog model is able to quantify rigorously the uncertainty associated with forecasts. Forecasting waterfowl settling patterns in the northwestern United States and Canada is conducted by applying the hierarchical analog model to a breeding population survey dataset. Sea surface temperature (SST) in the Pacific Ocean is used to help identify potential analogs for the waterfowl settling patterns.
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Robinson OJ, McGowan CP, Devers PK. Updating movement estimates for American black ducks (Anas rubripes). PeerJ 2016; 4:e1787. [PMID: 26989624 PMCID: PMC4793334 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding migratory connectivity for species of concern is of great importance if we are to implement management aimed at conserving them. New methods are improving our understanding of migration; however, banding (ringing) data is by far the most widely available and accessible movement data for researchers. Here, we use band recovery data for American black ducks (Anas rubripes) from 1951-2011 and analyze their movement among seven management regions using a hierarchical Bayesian framework. We showed that black ducks generally exhibit flyway fidelity, and that many black ducks, regardless of breeding region, stopover or overwinter on the Atlantic coast of the United States. We also show that a non-trivial portion of the continental black duck population either does not move at all or moves to the north during the fall migration (they typically move to the south). The results of this analysis will be used in a projection modeling context to evaluate how habitat or harvest management actions in one region would propagate throughout the continental population of black ducks. This analysis may provide a guide for future research and help inform management efforts for black ducks as well as other migratory species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orin J Robinson
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University , USA
| | - Conor P McGowan
- US Geological Survey, Alabama Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit , Auburn, AL , USA
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