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Lei X, Lei Y, Zhang X, Yang X. Treating disinfection byproducts with UV or solar irradiation and in UV advanced oxidation processes: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124435. [PMID: 33189471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the degradation kinetics and mechanisms of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) under UV and solar irradiation and in UV-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). A total of 59 such compounds are discussed. The processes evaluated are low pressure, medium pressure and vacuum UV irradiation, solar irradiation together with UV/hydrogen peroxide, UV/persulfate and UV/chlorine AOPs. Under UV and solar irradiation, the photodegradation rates of N-nitrosamines are much higher than those of halogenated DBPs. Among halogenated DBPs, those containing iodine are photodegraded more rapidly than those containing bromine or chlorine. This is due to differences in their bond energies (EN-N < EC-I < EC-Br < EC-Cl). Molar absorption coefficients at 254 nm and energy gaps can be used to predict the photodegradation rates of DBPs under low pressure UV irradiation. But many DBPs of interest cannot be degraded to half their original concentration with less than a 500 mJ cm-2 dose of low pressure UV light. HO• generally contributes to less than 30% of the degradation of DBPs except iodo-DBPs in UV/H2O2 AOPs. Reaction mechanisms under UV irradiation and in HO•-mediated oxidation are also summarized. N-N bond cleavage initiates their direct UV photolysis of N-nitrosamines as C-X cleavage does among halogenated compounds. HO• generally initiates degradation via single electron transfer, addition and hydrogen abstraction pathways. Information on the reaction rate constants of SO4•- and halogen radicals with DBPs is rather limited, and little information is available about their reaction pathways. Overall, this review provides improved understanding of UV, solar and AOPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yu Lei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xinran Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Baidya B, Chandra AK. Theoretical investigation on atmospheric chemistry of (CF3)2C=CH2: Reaction with OH radical. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Paul S, Gour NK, Deka RC. Oxidation pathways, kinetics and branching ratios of chloromethyl ethyl ether (CMEE) initiated by OH radicals and the fate of its product radical: an insight from a computational study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2019; 21:1519-1531. [PMID: 31274139 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00104b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The OH-initiated oxidation reactions of chloromethyl ethyl ether (CH2ClOCH2CH3) have been presented by using quantum calculation methods. The Minnesota functional (M06-2X) of the density functional theory method along with a polarization and diffuse 6-311++G(d,p) basis set is chosen for optimization and frequency calculations for H-abstractions from CH2ClOCH2CH3 molecules by OH radicals. Furthermore, the CCSD(T) method along with the same basis set is used for energy refinement of all optimized structures to obtain more accurate energies of the species. Our thermo-chemical calculation results show that the C˙HClOCH2CH3 product radical is more stable, corresponding to hydrogen atom abstraction from the -CH2Cl site, than others while the energy profile results indicate that the H-atom abstracted from the -OCH2 site follows the minimum energy path compared to other channels. The rate constants are computed using canonical transition state theory (CTST) within the temperature range of 250-450 K at 1 atm. The overall rate constant (at 298 K) for the abstraction reactions is found to be consistent with the earlier reported rate constant. The percentage branching ratios of different abstraction channels and the lifetime of chloromethyl ethyl ether are also given herein. We further investigated the unimolecular decomposition pathways of the CH2ClOCH(O˙)CH3 radical and found that unimolecular C-C bond scission is the kinetically and thermodynamically more feasible pathway compared to other unimolecular decomposition reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Paul
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University Tezpur, Assam - 784028, India.
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Paul S, Gour NK, Deka RC. Mechanistic investigation of the atmospheric oxidation of bis(2-chloroethyl) ether (ClCH2CH2OCH2CH2Cl) by OH and NO3 radicals and Cl atoms: a DFT approach. J Mol Model 2019; 25:43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-3923-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Density functional theory study of the oxidation reaction in the gas and aqueous phase of allyl methyl disulfide with hydroxyl radical. Struct Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-018-1198-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Rao PK, Deka RC, Gour NK, Gejji SP. Understanding the Atmospheric Oxidation of HFE-7500 (C3F7CF(OC2H5)CF(CF3)2) Initiated by Cl Atom and NO3 Radical from Theory. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:6799-6808. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b04225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Rao
- Department of Chemistry, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, India
| | - Ramesh Ch. Deka
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam 784028, India
| | - Nand Kishor Gour
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam 784028, India
| | - Shridhar P. Gejji
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
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Rao PK, Gejji SP. Atmospheric degradation of HCFO-1233zd(E) initiated by OH radical, Cl atom and O3 molecule: Kinetics, reaction mechanisms and implications. J Fluor Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ponnusamy S, Sandhiya L, Senthilkumar K. Atmospheric Oxidation Mechanism and Kinetics of Hydrofluoroethers, CH3OCF3, CH3OCHF2, and CHF2OCH2CF3, by OH Radical: A Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:4972-4982. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b01890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Ponnusamy
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India
| | - L. Sandhiya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - K. Senthilkumar
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India
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Ponnusamy S, Sandhiya L, Senthilkumar K. Reaction mechanism and kinetics of the degradation of terbacil initiated by OH radical – A theoretical study. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Molecular insights for the HFO-1345fz +X (X = Cl, O3 or NO3) reaction and fate of alkoxy radicals initiated by Cl: DFT investigations. J Fluor Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gnanaprakasam M, Sandhiya L, Senthilkumar K. A theoretical investigation on the mechanism and kinetics of the gas-phase reaction of naphthalene with OH radical. Theor Chem Acc 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-017-2162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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McCarthy MC, Lee KLK, Stanton JF. Detection and structural characterization of nitrosamide H 2NNO: A central intermediate in deNO x processes. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:134301. [PMID: 28987087 DOI: 10.1063/1.4992097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The structure and bonding of H2NNO, the simplest N-nitrosamine, and a key intermediate in deNOx processes, have been precisely characterized using a combination of rotational spectroscopy of its more abundant isotopic species and high-level quantum chemical calculations. Isotopic spectroscopy provides compelling evidence that this species is formed promptly in our discharge expansion via the NH2 + NO reaction and is collisionally cooled prior to subsequent unimolecular rearrangement. H2NNO is found to possess an essentially planar geometry, an NNO angle of 113.67(5)°, and a N-N bond length of 1.342(3) Å; in combination with the derived nitrogen quadrupole coupling constants, its bonding is best described as an admixture of uncharged dipolar (H2N-N=O, single bond) and zwitterion (H2N+=N-O-, double bond) structures. At the CCSD(T) level, and extrapolating to the complete basis set limit, the planar geometry appears to represent the minimum of the potential surface, although the torsional potential of this molecule is extremely flat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C McCarthy
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Kin Long Kelvin Lee
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - John F Stanton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, USA
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Ponnusamy S, Sandhiya L, Senthilkumar K. The atmospheric oxidation mechanism and kinetics of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene initiated by OH radicals – a theoretical study. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01285c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The atmospheric fate of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene is determined by OH-radical addition, and subsequent bicyclic peroxy radical ring closure and ring breaking pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Ponnusamy
- Department of Physics
- Bharathiar University
- Coimbatore
- India
| | - L. Sandhiya
- Department of Physics
- Bharathiar University
- Coimbatore
- India
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