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Zhang R, Zhou Q, Yang T, He Z. Experimental and numerical investigation of thermal environment of the child trapped in a parked vehicle. Forensic Sci Int 2024; 358:111998. [PMID: 38552403 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.111998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
Pediatric vehicular hyperthermia (PVH) has aroused wide public concern recently. High temperatures in closed vehicles with full sun exposure and no ventilation in summer seriously endanger children's lives. Aiming at this practical problem, this study first took the temperature of child's core body as a standard, and divided the hyperthermia into three stages: un-compensable heating (Tc > 37ºC), heat stroke (Tc > 40ºC) and critical thermal maximum (Tc > 42ºC). On this basis, two weeks of outdoor parking experiments during 10:00-18:00, using an equivalent size dummy were conducted to explore the influence of ambient temperature and solar irradiation on cabin temperature, humidity, and child's core body temperature. According to the experimental results, at an ambient temperature of 32.4ºC, the child in the cabin developed un-compensable heating within 72 min, suffered heat stroke within 129 min, and reached the critical thermal maximum within 151 min. Considering the limitations of the experiment, a numerical study was conducted to analyze the effects of ambient temperature, solar irradiation, and window radiation characteristics on cabin temperature and flow fields comprehensively. Simulation results were in good agreement with the experiments: even at low ambient temperature Ta = 23ºC or weak solar irradiation (ts = 18:00) condition, the temperature in a closed compartment could reach the "hazardous" level. This study can provide guidance for public to increase security and prevention awareness, and promote the development of relevant policies and technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Vehicle Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Vehicle Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Vehicle Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhizhu He
- Department of Vehicle Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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2
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Masache A, Maposa D, Mdlongwa P, Sigauke C. Non-parametric quantile regression-based modelling of additive effects to solar irradiation in Southern Africa. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9244. [PMID: 38649776 PMCID: PMC11035626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59751-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Modelling of solar irradiation is paramount to renewable energy management. This warrants the inclusion of additive effects to predict solar irradiation. Modelling of additive effects to solar irradiation can improve the forecasting accuracy of prediction frameworks. To help develop the frameworks, this current study modelled the additive effects using non-parametric quantile regression (QR). The approach applies quantile splines to approximate non-parametric components when finding the best relationships between covariates and the response variable. However, some additive effects are perceived as linear. Thus, the study included the partial linearly additive quantile regression model (PLAQR) in the quest to find how best the additive effects can be modelled. As a result, a comparative investigation on the forecasting performances of the PLAQR, an additive quantile regression (AQR) model and the new quantile generalised additive model (QGAM) using out-of-sample and probabilistic forecasting metric evaluations was done. Forecasted density plots, Murphy diagrams and results from the Diebold-Mariano (DM) hypothesis test were also analysed. The density plot, the curves on the Murphy diagram and most metric scores computed for the QGAM were slightly better than for the PLAQR and AQR models. That is, even though the DM test indicates that the PLAQR and AQR models are less accurate than the QGAM, we could not conclude an outright greater forecasting performance of the QGAM than the PLAQR or AQR models. However, in situations of probabilistic forecasting metric preferences, each model can be prioritised to be applied to the metric where it performed slightly the best. The three models performed differently in different locations, but the location was not a significant factor in their performances. In contrast, forecasting horizon and sample size influenced model performance differently in the three additive models. The performance variations also depended on the metric being evaluated. Therefore, the study has established the best forecasting horizons and sample sizes for the different metrics. It was finally concluded that a 20% forecasting horizon and a minimum sample size of 10000 data points are ideal when modelling additive effects of solar irradiation using non-parametric QR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amon Masache
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, National University of Science and Technology, Ascot, P.O. Box AC 939, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - Daniel Maposa
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Polokwane, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa.
| | - Precious Mdlongwa
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, National University of Science and Technology, Ascot, P.O. Box AC 939, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - Caston Sigauke
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, University of Venda, Venda, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa
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Azad A, Parvin S, Hossain T. Performance evaluation of nanofluid-based photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system with regression analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29252. [PMID: 38633639 PMCID: PMC11021993 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent global energy crisis has shocked Bangladesh's power sectors, and experts recommend using alternative energy sources to conserve natural gas, fossil fuels, and electricity. Numerous investigations on the photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system have been carried out to get the source efficiently. As a result, a parametric evaluation of the PVT system's efficiency in Dhaka, Bangladesh, is investigated numerically using CNT nanofluid as a coolant. The numerical simulation is performed using the Galerkin weighted residual based finite element method. For accurate computations, the meteorological data for Dhaka, Bangladesh, is taken from open sources of Renewables.ninja. The effect of regulating parameters Reynolds number (200 ≤ Re ≤ 1000), solar irradiation (200 W/m2 ≤ G ≤ 1000 W/m2), and the monthly influence on performance such as cell temperature, fluid domain exit temperature, efficiencies, and energy are discussed. In addition, regression analyses of electrical efficiency and thermal efficiency are discussed for the input variables Reynolds number and solar irradiation. After postprocessing, empirical results are compiled and presented as 3D surface graphs, tables, and line diagrams. As the Reynolds number increased, the cell temperature and discharge temperature decreased, resulting in increased efficiency. However, the opposite situation is found for solar irradiation. Month-to-month variation also has a considerable impact on photovoltaic thermal performance. This research will help to improve the efficacy of PVTs in Dhaka, Bangladesh, by identifying useful alternative renewable energy sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.K. Azad
- Department of Natural Sciences, Islamic University of Technology (IUT), Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
- Department of Mathematics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Salma Parvin
- Department of Mathematics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Tahiya Hossain
- Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Islamic University of Technology (IUT), Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
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Rani M, Yadav J, Shanker U, Wang C. Recent updates on remediation approaches of environmentally occurring pollutants using visible light-active nano-photocatalysts. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:22258-22283. [PMID: 38418782 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32455-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalysis emerges as a potential remedy for the issue of an unreliable light source. Recognized as the most dependable and potent energy source sustaining life on Earth, sunlight offers a promising solution. Sunlight is abundant and free, operational costs associated with running photocatalytic system using nanoparticles are often lower compared to system relying on artificial light source. The escalating problem of water pollution, particularly in highly industrialized nations, necessitates effective wastewater treatment methods. These methods aim to combat elevated pollution levels, encompassing pharmaceuticals, dyes, flame retardants, and pesticide components. Advanced oxidation processes within photocatalytic wastewater treatment exhibit substantial promise for removing complex organic pollutants. Doped nanomaterials, with their enhanced properties, enable efficient utilization of light. Coupled nanomaterials present significant potential in addressing both water and energy challenges by proficiently eliminating persistent pollutants from environment. Photocatalysis when exposed to sunlight can absorb photons and generate e- h + pairs. This discussion briefly outlines the wastewater treatment facilitated by interconnected nanomaterials, emphasizing their role in water-energy nexus. In exploring the capabilities of components within a functional photocatalyst, a comprehensive analysis of both simple photocatalysts and integrated photocatalytic systems is undertaken. Review aims to provide detailed explanation of the impact of light source on photon generation and significance of solar light on reaction kinetics, considering various parameters such as catalyst dosage, pH, temperature, and types of oxidants. By shedding light on these aspects, this review seeks to enhance our understanding of intricate processes involved in photocatalysis and its potential applications in addressing contemporary environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manviri Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India
| | - Jyoti Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India
| | - Uma Shanker
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India, 144027.
| | - Chongqing Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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Jeyaraj J, Baskaralingam V, Stalin T, Muthuvel I. Mechanistic vision on polypropylene microplastics degradation by solar radiation using TiO 2 nanoparticle as photocatalyst. Environ Res 2023; 233:116366. [PMID: 37302740 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are emerging contaminants owing to their occurrence and distribution in everywhere the ecosystem and leading to major environmental problems. Management methods are more suitable for larger-sized plastics. Here, the current study elucidates that, TiO2 photocatalyst under sunlight irradiation actively mitigates polypropylene microplastics (pH 3, 50 h) in an aqueous medium. End of post-photocatalytic experiments, the weight loss percentage of microplastics was 50.5 ± 0.5%. Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) spectroscopy results revealed the formation of peroxide and hydroperoxide ions, carbonyl, keto and ester groups at the end of the post-degradation process. Ultraviolet-Visible Diffuse Reflectance spectroscopic (UV - DRS) results showed variation in the optical absorbance of polypropylene microplastics peak values at 219 and 253 nm. Increased the weight percentage of oxygen level due to the oxidation of functional groups and decreased the weight percentage of carbon content in electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), probably owing to breakdown of long-chain polypropylene microplastics. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) microscopic analysis showed the surface having holes, cavities, and cracks on irritated polypropylene microplastics. The overall study and their mechanistic pathway strongly confirmed the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with help of the movement of electrons by photocatalyst under solar irradiation which aids the degradation of polypropylene microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyavani Jeyaraj
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus, 6th Floor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vaseeharan Baskaralingam
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus, 6th Floor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Thambusamy Stalin
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
| | - Inbasekaran Muthuvel
- Advanced Photocatalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalaingar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India; Photocatalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, M.R.Govt.Arts College, Mannargudi, 614 001, Tamil Nadu, India
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Li J, Fu C, Lin Q, Zeng T, Wang D, Huang X, Song S, Li C, Dong F. Fe(VI) activation system mediated by a solar-driven TiO 2 nanotubes electrode for CLQ degradation: Performances, mechanisms and pathways. J Hazard Mater 2023; 452:131274. [PMID: 36989796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ferrate (Fe(VI), FeO42-) has been widely used in the degradation of micropollutants with the advantages of high redox potential, no secondary pollution and inhibition of disinfection byproducts. However, the low transformation of Fe(V) and/or Fe(IV) by Fe(VI) and incomplete mineralization of pollutants limit their application. In this work, we designed a photo electric cell with TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) and Pt serving as the anode and cathode to enhance the utilization of Fe(VI) (Fe(VI)-TNTs system). TNTs accelerated the generation of •OH via hVB+ oxidation of OH- and photogenerated electrons at Pt boosted the transformation of Fe(VI) to Fe(V) and/or Fe(IV), resulting in a 22.2 % enhancement of chloroquine (CLQ) removal compared to Fe(VI) alone. The results from EPR and quenching tests showed that Fe(VI), Fe(V), Fe(IV), •OH, O2•- and hVB+ coexisted in the Fe(VI)-TNTs system, among which Fe(V) and Fe(IV) were testified as the primary reactive substances accounting for 59 % of CLQ removal. The performance tests and recycling tests demonstrated that the Fe(VI)-TNTs system maintained excellent performance in an authentic water environment. The plausible degradation pathway of CLQ oxidized in the Fe(VI)-TNTs system was proposed with nine identified oxidation products via N-C cleavage, electrophilic addition and carboxylation processes. Based on the ECOSAR calculation, the constructed reaction system allowed a decrease in acute and chronic toxicity. Our findings provide a highly efficient and cost-effective strategy to enhance Fe(VI) application for micropollutant degradation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhe Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chuyun Fu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Qiufeng Lin
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, United States
| | - Tao Zeng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Da Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xinwen Huang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shuang Song
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Cong Li
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Feilong Dong
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Shaoxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Shaoxing 312085, China.
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7
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An Y, Ma XY, Chen W, Li W, Yang S, Chen R, Wang XC. The impact of inorganic ions on the solar photolysis of chlorinated dissolved organic matter from different sources: Spectral characteristics, disinfection byproducts, and biotoxicities. J Hazard Mater 2023; 451:131135. [PMID: 36889069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent is chlorinated and then discharged into natural waters, where it is subject to solar irradiation. However, the impacts of inorganic ions in natural waters on the photochemical transformations of the chlorinated DOM (DOM-Cl) have not been studied comprehensively. In this study, variations in the spectral characteristics, disinfection byproducts (DBPs), and biotoxicities of DOM-Cl under solar irradiation at different pH values and in the presence of NO3- and HCO3- were revealed. Three sources of DOM, including DOM from a WWTP effluent, natural organic matter from the Suwannee River, and DOM from plant leaf leachate, were investigated. Solar irradiation resulted in the oxidation of the highly reactive aromatic structures and then reduced the amounts of chromophoric and fluorescent DOM, especially under alkaline conditions. Moreover, alkaline conditions significantly promoted the detected DBPs degradation and the biotoxicities attenuation, while NO3- and HCO3- generally impeded them (or did not work). Dehalogenation of the unknown halogenated DBPs and photolysis of the nonhalogenated organics were the main mechanisms for the DOM-Cl biotoxicity reductions. Hence, improving the ecological safety of WWTP effluents could be achieved through solar irradiation by removing the DBPs formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali An
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering (Shaanxi province), School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Y Ma
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering (Shaanxi province), School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology (Ministry of Education), Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China.
| | - Wenfeng Chen
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering (Shaanxi province), School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering (Shaanxi province), School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Siyan Yang
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering (Shaanxi province), School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Rong Chen
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering (Shaanxi province), School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology (Ministry of Education), Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering (Shaanxi province), School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology (Ministry of Education), Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
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Nawab F, Abd Hamid AS, Ibrahim A, Sopian K, Fazlizan A, Fauzan MF. Solar irradiation prediction using empirical and artificial intelligence methods: A comparative review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17038. [PMID: 37484325 PMCID: PMC10361122 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Solar irradiation data is essential for the feasibility of solar energy projects. Notably, the intermittent nature of solar irradiation influences solar energy use in all forms, whether energy or agriculture. Accurate solar irradiation prediction is the only solution to effectively use solar energy in different forms. The estimation of solar irradiation is the most critical factor for site selection and sizing of solar energy projects and for selecting a suitable crop selection for the area. But the physical measurement of solar irradiation, due to the cost and technology involved, is not possible for all locations across the globe. Numerous techniques have been implemented to predict solar irradiation for this purpose. The two types of approaches that are most frequently employed are empirical techniques and artificial intelligence (AI). Both approaches have demonstrated good accuracy in various places of the world. To find out the best method, a thorough review of research articles discussing solar irradiation prediction has been done to compare different methods for solar irradiation prediction. In this paper, articles predicting solar irradiation using AI and empirical published from 2017 to 2022 have been reviewed, and both methods have been compared. The review showed that AI methods are more accurate than empirical methods. In empirical models, modified sunshine-based models (MSSM) have the highest accuracy, followed by sunshine-based (SSM) and non-sunshine-based models (NSM). The NSM has a little lower accuracy than MSSM and SSM, but the NSM can give good results in sunshine data unavailability. Also, the literature review confirmed that simple empirical models could predict accurately, and increasing the empirical model's polynomial order cannot improve results. Artificial neural networks (ANN) and Hybrid models have the highest accuracy among AI methods, followed by support vector machine (SVM) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The increase in efficiency by hybrid models is minimal, but the complexity of models requires very sophisticated programming knowledge. ANN's most important input factors are maximum and minimum temperatures, temperature differential, relative humidity, clearness index and precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Nawab
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Renewable Energy, Khushal Khan Khattak University, Karak 27200, Pakistan
| | - Ag Sufiyan Abd Hamid
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Adnan Ibrahim
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kamaruzzaman Sopian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Fazlizan
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Faizal Fauzan
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Yadav J, Rani M, Zhang TC, Shanker U. Efficient photo-adsorptive eradication of endocrine disrupting pesticides by chitosan co- decorated metal oxide bio-nanocomposite. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27376-5. [PMID: 37170054 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27376-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Extensive consumption, toxicity and bioaccumulation of malathion (MLT) and lindane (γ-HCH) pesticides collectively attract the world's attention. Herein, the nanocomposite of chitosan wrapped NiO@ZnO was synthesized by a green methodology using Azadirachta indica leaves extract. Structural and morphological analysis of chitosan-NiO@ZnO showed hollow sphere-flake shaped image adsorbed on a solid chitosan surface with a large surface area of 73 m2g-1. A decrease in values of lattice strain, dislocation density and crystallite size described the imperfection in crystal geometry and new peaks in FT-IR spectra at 698 cm-1 and 448 cm-1 of Ni-N and Zn-N, which respectively confirm the coupling. Chitosan-NiO@ZnO and individual nanoparticles (NiO and ZnO) were well-characterized and utilized for degradation MLT and γ-HCH under direct sunlight and dark conditions. The highest degradation of pesticides (above 94%) resulted with 2 mg L-1 and 10 mg L-1 of MLT (π-π) and γ-HCH, respectively with a 20 mg catalyst dose, and pH of ~ 7 under daylight exposure (5 h). Chitosan-NiO@ZnO substantially suppressed the half-life of the targeted pesticides (MLT: 0.48 h; HCH 0.51 h) and demonstrated the first-order kinetics with a high adsorption capacity, Xm (MLT: 14.5 mg g-1 and γ-HCH 20.7 mg g-1), which also confirmed the strong binding with the pesticides, followed by their conversion into safer and smaller metabolites. The charge separation mechanism was elucidated by UV reflectance and photoluminescence data. Hydroxyl radicals were most frequently responsible for the degradation of pesticides as confirmed by scavenger analysis. The synthesized green-nano photocatalyst showed high reusability (up to 10th cycles), sensitivity and stability within the degradation process, presumably making it suitable for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India
| | - Manviri Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India
| | - Tian C Zhang
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Peter Kiewit Institute, Omaha, NE, 68182-0178, USA
| | - Uma Shanker
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144011, India.
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Poblete R, Bakit J. Technical and economical assessment of the treatment of vinasse from Pisco production using the advanced oxidation process. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27390-7. [PMID: 37145363 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27390-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The removal of organic matter from Pisco production wastewater was evaluated using coagulation/flocculation, filtration as a pre-treatment, and solar photo-Fenton, with the use of two types of photoreactors: compound parabolic collectors (CPC) and flat plate (FP), with and without utilizing the ozonation process. The overall removal efficiency for chemical oxygen demand (COD) was 63% and 15% using FP and CPC, respectively. Also, for the overall removal efficiency of polyphenols, a percentage of 73% and 43% were obtained using FP and CPC, respectively. When ozone was used in the solar photoreactors, the resulting trends were similar. COD and polyphenol removal, using an FP photoreactor in the solar photo-Fenton/O3 process, resulted in values of 98.8% and 86.2% after the process. COD and polyphenol removal, using solar photo-Fenton/O3 process in a CPC, resulted in values of 49.5% and 72.4%, respectively. The economic indicators of annual worth and economic treatment capacity established that FP reactors represent lower costs than CPCs. These results were corroborated by the economic analyses of the evolution of costs versus COD removed as well as by the cash flow diagrams projected for 5, 10, and 15 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Poblete
- Universidad Católica del Norte, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Escuela de Prevención de Riesgos Y Medioambiente, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, 1780000, Coquimbo, Chile.
| | - José Bakit
- Universidad Católica del Norte, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, 1780000, Coquimbo, Chile
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11
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Aaga GF, Anshebo ST. Green synthesis of highly efficient and stable copper oxide nanoparticles using an aqueous seed extract of Moringa stenopetala for sunlight-assisted catalytic degradation of Congo red and alizarin red s. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16067. [PMID: 37215876 PMCID: PMC10196866 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution by organic pollutants because of population growth and industrial expansion is a global concern. Following this, the fabrication of single and efficient nanomaterials for pollution control is highly demanded. Under this study, highly efficient and stable copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were synthesized through the green method using Moringa stenopetala seed extract. XRD, UV-vis, FT-IR, and SEM were applied to characterize the synthesized material. From XRD data, the average particle size was found to be 6.556 nm, and the nanoparticles are crystalline in nature. The formation of CuO NPs was demonstrated by FT-IR spectra of Cu-O in different bending vibration bands at 535 cm-1 and 1122 cm-1, as well as stretching vibration of Cu-O at 1640 cm-1. From UV-visible spectroscopic measurements, the energy band gap of greenly synthesized CuO NPs was found to be 1.73 eV. The SEM result shows that the nanoparticles' surfaces are rough, with some of the particles having spherically random orientation. The photodegradation efficiency of green synthesized CuO NPs photocatalyst was found to be 98.35% for Congo red at optimum experimental parameters (initial concentration, 25 mg/L; exposure time, 120 min; catalyst dose, 0.2 g; and pH, 5) and 95.4% for Alizarin Red S at optimum experimental parameters (catalyst dose, 0.25 g; initial concentration, 40 mg/L; exposure time, 120 min; and pH, 4.6). The COD values determined for the degraded product strongly support the complete mineralization of the dyes toward nontoxic materials. Reusability of the catalyst was investigated for five cycles, and the results clearly indicate the green synthesized CuO NPs are highly stable, can be used for several times, and are cost-effective as well. The degradation of Congo red and Alizarin red S on the surface of the CuO NPs follows the MBG kinetic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemechu Fikadu Aaga
- College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Dilla University, Dilla Ethiopia
| | - Sisay Tadesse Anshebo
- College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Hawassa University, Hawassa Ethiopia
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Thakur I, Verma A, Örmeci B. Solar photocatalytic disinfection of real municipal wastewater using highly durable TiO 2-coated composite in a pilot scale once through reactor. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:43654-43664. [PMID: 36658321 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25331-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pollution of water sources by pathogens is a significant concern worldwide. In the present study, a pilot-scale once-through reactor was fabricated to investigate bacteria's inactivation and the degradation of organic matter present in municipal wastewater using an iron-mediated TiO2 catalyst in fixed mode. The catalyst was fabricated (in a spherical shape) using waste material such as foundry sand and fly ash and coated with TiO2 for a combined hybrid effect. The influence of H2O2 concentration and the flow rate of the reactor were examined. 4.1 log reductions of bacteria with 52% and 39% of BOD and COD reductions in 45 min of treatment were observed. The catalyst was also found to be highly durable, with only a 12.5% of reduction in catalyst activity observed after 200 recycles. Therefore, this pilot-scale research indicates the ability of waste materials to be employed as a practical approach for water disinfection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Thakur
- School of Energy and Environment, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, 147004, India
| | - Anoop Verma
- School of Energy and Environment, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, 147004, India.
| | - Banu Örmeci
- Civil and Environmental Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, KIS 5B6, Canada
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Sun X, Mao M, Zheng Z, Wang J, Wu Z, Li X, Lin Z, Liu W. Solar irradiation accelerates the oxidation of Cr(III) by δ-manganese dioxide. J Hazard Mater 2023; 443:130150. [PMID: 36257107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cr(VI) has been observed to be released from Cr(III)-bearing natural sources or residues when they are found alongside manganese and manganese oxides. However, relevant mechanism studies normally ignore the effect of simulated solar irradiation on this oxidation reaction. Therefore, we investigated the photochemical reaction between Cr(OH)3 and δ-MnO2, the common species of chromium and manganese oxide found in the environment. At pH 11, the oxidation of Cr(OH)3 by δ-MnO2 was accelerated under simulated solar irradiation, which had an oxidation rate 2.7-fold greater than that in the dark condition. Further investigation revealed that δ-MnO2, an n-type semiconductor with a 2.7 eV band gap, can be excited by light with wavelengths < 459 nm and produce photogenic electrons and holes. These photo-induced carriers reacted with surrounding molecules to form free radicals and participate the redox reactions. Free-radical quenching experiments indicated that hydroxyl radicals (•OH) are the main oxidants of Cr(III) under simulated solar irradiation. This work provides new mechanistic insight into the oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI), which may help clarifying the environmental fate of Cr and the potential solar-triggered release of Cr(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Sun
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Minlin Mao
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Zhengqiang Zheng
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Zhen Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
| | - Zhang Lin
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China
| | - Weizhen Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
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El-Amarty N, Marzouq M, El Fadili H, Bennani SD, Ruano A. A comprehensive review of solar irradiation estimation and forecasting using artificial neural networks: data, models and trends. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:5407-5439. [PMID: 36424486 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24240-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Solar irradiation data are imperatively required for any solar energy-based project. The non-accessibility and uncertainty of these data can greatly affect the implementation, management, and performance of photovoltaic or thermal systems. Developing solar irradiation estimation and forecasting approaches is an effective way to overcome these issues. Practically, prediction approaches can help anticipate events by ensuring good operation of the power network and maintaining a precise balance between the demand and supply of the power at every moment. In the literature, various estimation and forecasting methods have been developed. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models are the most commonly used methods in solar irradiation prediction. This paper aims to firstly review, analyze, and provide an overview of different aspects required to develop an ANN model for solar irradiation prediction, such as data types, data horizon, data preprocessing, forecasting horizon, feature selection, and model type. Secondly, a highly detailed state of the art of ANN-based approaches including deep learning and hybrid ANN models for solar irradiation estimation and forecasting is presented. Finally, the factors influencing prediction model performances are discussed in order to propose recommendations, trends, and outlooks for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naima El-Amarty
- SIGER, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 2202, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Manal Marzouq
- LIPI, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 5206, Fez, Morocco
| | - Hakim El Fadili
- LIPI, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 5206, Fez, Morocco
| | - Saad Dosse Bennani
- SIGER, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 2202, Fez, Morocco
| | - Antonio Ruano
- DEEI, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of Algarve, 8005-294, Faro, Portugal
- IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1950-044, Lisbon, Portugal
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15
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Jampawal J, Supothina S, Chuaybamroong P. Solar photocatalytic degradation of carbaryl in water using TiO 2-coated filters with different binders and effect of the operating conditions. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:88027-88040. [PMID: 35829881 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21907-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This research focused on degradation of carbaryl in water using TiO2-coated glass-fiber filter under sunlight irradiation. The coating substances were 0.3-2% w/v TiO2 mixed with 5 different binders, DURAMAX B1000, PEG molecular weight of 1000, 2000, 4000, and 6000, in a concentration of 0.3-2 wt% of TiO2. Optimum concentration of coating substance was investigated for the best degradation efficiency in terms of reaction kinetic rates. Sorption of carbaryl and zeta potential of coating substance were also studied.The results revealed that carbaryl sorptions on the coated filters were 2% or less. The optimum concentration of coating substance was 1% w/v TiO2 and 1 wt% PEG6000 with the kinetic rate constant of 0.022-0.025 min-1. The point of zero charge of 1% w/v TiO2 + 1% wt% PEG6000 occurred at pH 7.5, while the pH of carbaryl solution was 7.3 ± 0.3. Thus, TiO2 was neutral, and repulsive force did not exist in this optimum coating. With the optimum TiO2 loading of 1-2 g/L, 100% carbaryl degradation was obtained in 150 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraiwan Jampawal
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Science, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Sitthisuntorn Supothina
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Paradee Chuaybamroong
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Science, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.
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16
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Kamaraj C, Gandhi PR, Ragavendran C, Sugumar V, Kumar RCS, Ranjith R, Priyadharsan A, Cherian T. Sustainable development through the bio-fabrication of ecofriendly ZnO nanoparticles and its approaches to toxicology and environmental protection. Biomass Convers Biorefin 2022:1-17. [PMID: 36320445 PMCID: PMC9610317 DOI: 10.1007/s13399-022-03445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito control is becoming more difficult as a result of the rise in resistance to toxic chemical insecticides. The insecticides of bio-fabrication sources may serve as a convenient alternative to environmentally acceptable methods in the future. The larvicidal and pupicidal activities of bio-fabricated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on the different instar larvae and pupae of Anopheles subpictus Grassi (Malaria vector) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say (lymphatic filariasis) were investigated in this study. The results recorded from XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDX, and TEM analyses confirmed the bio-fabrication of ZnO NPs. Such nanoparticles were nearly spherical and agglomerated with a size of 34.21 nm. GC-MS analysis of methanol extract revealed the compound, stigmasterol (C29H48O) as major one. Mosquito larvae and pupae of targeted mosquito were tested against varied concentrations of the bio-fabricated ZnO NPs and methanol extract of Vitex negundo for 24 h. The maximum activity was recorded from ZnO NPs against the larvae and pupae of A. subpictus LC50 which were 1.70 (I), 1.66 (II), 1.93 (III), 2.48 (IV), and 3.63 mg/L (pupa) and C. quinquefasciatus LC50 were 1.95 (I), 2.63 (II), 2.90 (III), 4.32 (IV), and 4.61 mg/L (pupa) respectively. ZnO NPs exhibited strong DPPH radical and FRAP scavengers compared to the aqueous extract of V. negundo. Also, V. negundo leaf methanol extract (VNLME) and ZnO NPs were evaluated for their cytotoxicity on HeLa cells, which exhibited the IC50 values of 72.35 and 43.70μg/mL, respectively. The methylene blue (MB) dye, which is harmful to both aquatic and terrestrial life, was degraded using the biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles. At 664 nm, 81.2% of the MB dye had degraded after 120 min of exposure to sunlight. Overall, our results revealed that ZnO NPs are the perfect biological agent and economical for the control of malaria, filariasis vectors, antioxidant, HeLa cells, and MB blue dye degradation under sunlight irradiation. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnaperumal Kamaraj
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| | - Pachiyappan Rajiv Gandhi
- Department of Zoology, Division of Nano-biotechnology, Auxilium College (Autonomous), Vellore District, Gandhi Nagar, Tamil Nadu 632 006 India
| | - Chinnasamy Ragavendran
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Vimal Sugumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602105 India
| | - R. C. Satish Kumar
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| | - Rajendran Ranjith
- Department of Physics, KSR College Engineering Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu 637215 India
| | - A. Priyadharsan
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Tijo Cherian
- Department of Ocean Studies and Marine Biology, Pondicherry University, Port Blair campus, Brookshabad, Port Blair, Andamans 744112 India
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17
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Kumar KH, Daabo AM, Karmakar MK, Hirani H. Solar parabolic dish collector for concentrated solar thermal systems: a review and recommendations. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:32335-32367. [PMID: 35142997 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18586-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Energy demand in the present scenario is rising to meet the increasing demands of energy usage. On the other hand, the use for renewable energy sources now becomes essential to mitigate the climate change as well as to reduce gradual depletion of fossil fuels. Among these renewable energy sources, solar energy particularly solar thermal systems have phenomenal scope in present and future research. In solar thermal systems, concentrators are used to extract the energy from solar irradiation and convert it into useful form. Among different types of solar concentrators, the parabolic dish solar concentrator is preferred as it has high efficiency, high power density, low maintenance, and potential for long durability. In this paper, a detailed review has been carried out on the design parameters like focal length, concentration ratio, and rim angle of the parabolic dish solar concentrator system for achieving higher overall efficiency. The effects of different geometrical shapes of receivers on the overall heat transfer rates are discussed in this paper. Conical shaped receiver is having high overall optical and thermal efficiency comparing with other shapes of receivers. This study also shows that how the thermal performance of the receiver gets enhanced by 10-13% using nanofluids in place of general heat transfer fluids. The paper highlights different models using ray-tracing method for estimation and evaluation of the solar irradiation distribution on the receiver surface. The empirical relations for the design of parabolic dish solar concentrator system are derived for estimating overall concentrator efficiency and heat available at the receiver are given in this review. From the literature, the thermal performance of the receiver affecting the overall performance of the system is observed. Thermal losses due to geometrical properties and ordination of the receiver are explained in the observation section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolli Harish Kumar
- CSIR - Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur, 713209, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ahmed M Daabo
- Mining Engineering Department, College of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, The University of Mosul, Nineveh, Iraq.
| | - Malay K Karmakar
- CSIR - Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur, 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Harish Hirani
- CSIR - Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur, 713209, West Bengal, India
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Kanagaraj T, Murphin Kumar PS, Thomas R, Kulandaivelu R, Subramani R, Mohamed RN, Lee S, Chang SW, Chung WJ, Nguyen DD. Novel pure α-, β-, and mixed-phase α/β-Bi 2O 3 photocatalysts for enhanced organic dye degradation under both visible light and solar irradiation. Environ Res 2022; 205:112439. [PMID: 34856170 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Combining the pure α- and β-phases of bismuth oxide enhances its photocatalytic activity under both visible and solar irradiation. α-Bi2O3, β-Bi2O3, and α/β-Bi2O3 were synthesized by a solvothermal calcination method. The structural, optical, and morphological properties of the as-synthesized catalysts were analyzed using XRD, UV-DRS, XPS, SEM, TEM, and PL. The bandgaps of α/β-Bi2O3, α-Bi2O3, and β-Bi2O3 were calculated to be 2.59, 2.73, and 2.34 eV, respectively. The photocatalytic activities of the catalysts under visible and solar irradiation were examined by the degradation of carcinogenic reactive blue 198 and reactive black 5 dyes. The kinetic plots of the degradation reactions followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. α/β-Bi2O3 exhibited higher photocatalytic activity (∼99%) than α-Bi2O3 and β-Bi2O3 under visible and solar irradiation. The TOC and COD results confirmed the maximum degradation ability of α/β-Bi2O3, and the decolorization percentage remained above 90%, even after five cycles under visible irradiation. The photocatalytic dye degradation mechanism employed by α/β-Bi2O3 was proposed based on active species trapping experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Reshma Thomas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Rajeswari Subramani
- Department of Physics, Muthayammal College of Arts & Science, Rasipuram, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Roshan Noor Mohamed
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, PO Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sijin Lee
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Republic of Korea
| | - S Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Republic of Korea
| | - W Jin Chung
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Republic of Korea
| | - D Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
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Sánchez-Montes I, Salmerón I, Aquino JM, Polo-López MI, Malato S, Oller I. Solar-driven free chlorine advanced oxidation process for simultaneous removal of microcontaminants and microorganisms in natural water at pilot-scale. Chemosphere 2022; 288:132493. [PMID: 34637860 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of natural water (NW) by emerging contaminants has been widely pointed out as one of the main challenges to ensure high-quality drinking water. Thus, the effectiveness of a solar-driven free chlorine advanced oxidation process simultaneously investigating the elimination of six organic microcontaminants (OMCs) and three bacteria from NW at a pilot-scale was evaluated in this study. Firstly, the solar/free chlorine process was studied at lab-scale using a solar simulator to evaluate the effect of free chlorine concentration (0.5-10 mg L-1) on OMC degradation and generation of toxic oxyanions (e.g., ClO3- ions). Thus, the best free chlorine concentration observed was applied for the simultaneous removal of OMCs and pathogens under natural solar light at pilot scale. At lab-scale, the solar/free chlorine (2.5 mg L-1) process achieved 80% of total degradation in 5 min (1.4 kJ L-1 of accumulative UV energy) with an oxidant consumption of 0.3 mg L-1 and without ClO3- generation. Similar results were attained under natural solar irradiation at a pilot-scale. For all bacteria strains, the legally required detection limit (DL = 1 CFU 100 mL-1) for reclaimed water reuse was attained in a short contact time. Still, more importantly, the solar/free chlorine (2.5 mg L-1) process effectively avoided the possible bacterial regrowth in the post-treated sample after six days. Finally, the combination of free chlorine with solar irradiation provided a simple and energy-efficient process for OMC and bacteria removal in NW at a pilot-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Sánchez-Montes
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Irene Salmerón
- Plataforma Solar de Almería-CIEMAT, Ctra. Senés km 4, Tabernas, Almería, 04200, Spain
| | - José M Aquino
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | | | - Sixto Malato
- Plataforma Solar de Almería-CIEMAT, Ctra. Senés km 4, Tabernas, Almería, 04200, Spain
| | - Isabel Oller
- Plataforma Solar de Almería-CIEMAT, Ctra. Senés km 4, Tabernas, Almería, 04200, Spain.
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Semitsoglou-Tsiapou S, Meador TB, Peng B, Aluwihare L. Photochemical (UV-vis/H 2O 2) degradation of carotenoids: Kinetics and molecular end products. Chemosphere 2022; 286:131697. [PMID: 34392195 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Constraining the formation mechanisms of organic matter that persists in aquatic reservoirs is important for determining the reactivity and fate of carbon and nutrients in these environments. Recent studies have linked dissolved organic matter (DOM) accumulating in the ocean to linear terpenoid structures, and carotenoid degradation products have been proposed as potential precursors. The prevalence of reactive oxygen species in aquatic environments and their potential to be quenched by carotenoids led us to examine radical-assisted photochemical degradation of carotenoids as a potential mechanism for DOM formation and transformation. Experiments were conducted with aggregates of β-carotene, astaxanthin, fucoxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin in THF:H2O under solar light irradiation assisted by hydrogen peroxide (UV-Vis/H2O2). Based on the fine structure of UV-Vis spectra, it was determined that β-carotene and meso-zeaxanthin formed J-type aggregates in experimental solutions, while astaxanthin and fucoxanthin formed H2-type aggregates, consistent with their structural characteristics. All carotenoids degraded under the combined influence of photolysis and OH scavenging, with fucoxanthin exhibiting the fastest degradation kinetics (kPO = 3.69 10-3 s-1) and meso-zeaxanthin the slowest (kPO = 4.37 10-4 s-1). The major degradation products detected by electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) were apo-aldehydes and apo-ketones, with the latter tending to accumulate, but epoxidation of the carotenoids also took place, and longer irradiation times resulted in lower molecular weight products. Reaction kinetics and accumulating carotenoid oxidation products identified in this study provide potential formation mechanisms and biomarkers for examining DOM cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Semitsoglou-Tsiapou
- Soil and Water Research Infrastructure, Biology Centre CAS, Na Sádkách 7, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Travis B Meador
- Soil and Water Research Infrastructure, Biology Centre CAS, Na Sádkách 7, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre CAS, Na Sádkách 7, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Institute of Soil Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Na Sádkách 7, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1160/31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Bo Peng
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 8622 Kennel Way, La Jolla, CA, 92037, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lihini Aluwihare
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 8622 Kennel Way, La Jolla, CA, 92037, San Diego, CA, USA
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Iloanusi O, Ross A. Leveraging weather data for forecasting cases-to-mortality rates due to COVID-19. Chaos Solitons Fractals 2021; 152:111340. [PMID: 34421230 PMCID: PMC8372525 DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2021.111340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There are several recent publications criticizing the failure of COVID-19 forecasting models, with swinging over predictions and underpredictions, which have made it difficult for decision and policy making. Observing the failures of several COVID-19 forecasting models and the alarming spread of the virus, we seek to use some stable response for forecasting COVID-19, viz., ratios of COVID-19 cases to mortalities, rather than COVID-19 cases or fatalities. A trend of low COVID-19 cases-to-mortality ratios calls for urgent attention: the need for vaccines, for instance. Studies have shown that there are influences of weather parameters on COVID-19; and COVID-19 may have come to stay and could manifest a seasonal outbreak profile similar to other infectious respiratory diseases. In this paper, the influences of some weather, geographical, economic and demographic covariates were evaluated on COVID-19 response based on a series of Granger-causality tests. The effect of four weather parameters, viz., temperature, rainfall, solar irradiation and relative humidity, on daily COVID-19 cases-to-mortality ratios of 36 countries from 5 continents of the world were determined through regression analysis. Regression studies show that these four weather factors impact ratios of COVID-19 cases-to-mortality differently. The most impactful factor is temperature which is positively correlated with COVID-19 cases-to-mortality responses in 24 out of 36 countries. Temperature minimally affects COVID-19 cases-to-mortality ratios in the tropical countries. The most influential weather factor - temperature - was incorporated in training random forest and deep learning models for forecasting the cases-to-mortality rate of COVID-19 in clusters of countries in the world with similar weather conditions. Evaluation of trained forecasting models incorporating temperature features show better performance compared to a similar set of models trained without temperature features. This implies that COVID-19 forecasting models will predict more accurately if temperature features are factored in, especially for temperate countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogechukwu Iloanusi
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Arun Ross
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
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22
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Yang T, Mai J, Wu S, Luo W, Zhu M, Liang P, Guo L, Chen J, Jia J, Ma J. Insight into enhanced activation of permanganate under simulated solar irradiation: Rapid formation of manganese species. Water Res 2021; 205:117669. [PMID: 34597991 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, permanganate [Mn(VII)] was activated by simulated solar (SS) (SS/Mn(VII)), resulting in rapid degradation of micropollutants in several minutes, with rates of target micropollutants outnumbered those in the Mn(VII) alone and SS. To explore the mechanism in this process, 4-cholorphenol (4-CP), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HBA), and enrofloxacin (ENR) were selected as model compounds. Lines of evidence indicated that reactive manganese species (RMnS) (i.e., Mn(III) and Mn(V)) rather than radicals from Mn(VII) photolysis participated in the conversion of model compounds. Interestingly, roles of RMnS differed among three model compounds, suggesting their selectivity toward micropollutants. Increasing Mn(VII) dosage proved greater micropollutant degradation, while impacts of pH on SS/Mn(VII) performance varied among model compounds. P-HBA and ENR showed the lowest degradation efficiency at alkaline, whereas 4-CP demonstrated the best performance at alkaline, indicating the reactivity of RMnS varied toward micropollutants at different pH values. The quantum yield of Mn(VII) was 8.36 ± 0.03 X 10-6 mol Einstein-1 at pH 7.0. Effects of common co-existing constituents (Cl-, HCO3-, and humic acid (HA)) on micropollutant degradation by SS/Mn(VII) were examined. Specifically, HCO3- positively influenced the 4-CP and p-HBA degradation, whereas ENR was not affected, likely owing to the selectivity of RMnS-HCO3- complexes. HA was conducive to degrade p-HBA due to the production of RMnS-HA complexes, but unfavorable for ENR and 4-CP degradation because of the competitive light absorption and Mn(VII). Furthermore, a number of degradation products of 4-CP, p-HBA, and ENR were identified and possible pathways were proposed accordingly. The effectiveness of this process for micropollutant degradation in real waters, natural sunlight, ultraviolet and visible light via cut-off filtering SS emission was confirmed. This work revealed a great potential of applying SS/Mn(VII) for the marked degradation of micropollutants and facilitated the understandings of Mn(III)/Mn(V) behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Jiamin Mai
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sisi Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weikang Luo
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mengyang Zhu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ping Liang
- School of Applied and Physics Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lin Guo
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianbo Jia
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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Liu L, Guo D, Ning Z, Liu C, Qiu G. Solar irradiation induced oxidation and adsorption of arsenite on natural pyrite. Water Res 2021; 203:117545. [PMID: 34416646 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The migration and bioavailability of toxic elemental arsenic (As) are influenced by the adsorption and redox processes of sulfide minerals in waters around mining areas. Pyrite is the most abundant sulfide mineral in the Earth's crust and exhibits certain photochemical activity. However, the adsorption and redox behaviors of arsenite (As(III)) on pyrite surface under solar irradiation remain unclear. Here, the interaction between As(III) and natural pyrite was investigated under light irradiation. The results indicated that solar irradiation promotes As(III) oxidation and adsorption on pyrite surface due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) intermediates. The reactions between H2O/O2 and hole-electron pairs (hvb+-ecb-) on excited pyrite and the oxidation of Fe2+ released from pyrite by dissolved O2 contributed much to the generation of OH•, O2•- and H2O2 under light irradiation. ROS production and As(III) oxidation were accelerated by dissolved O2. An increase in pH within 5.0 to 9.0 decreased the concentration of OH• but increased that of H2O2 and the amount of oxidized As(III). In weakly acidic and neutral environments, OH• was mainly responsible for As(III) oxidation, while H2O2 contributed much to As(III) oxidation in weakly alkaline environments. Partial arsenate (As(V)) was adsorbed on pyrite and newly formed ferrihydrite. The present work enriches the understanding of As migration and transformation in the waters around mining areas, and provides a potential method for As(III) removal by using pyrite under solar irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Diman Guo
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zengping Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Chengshuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Guohong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China.
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Zou W, Liu Z, Li R, Jin C, Zhang X, Jiang K. Photoinduced transformation of silver ion by molybdenum disulfide nanoflakes at environmentally relevant concentrations attenuates its toxicity to freshwater algae. J Hazard Mater 2021; 416:126043. [PMID: 34492890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The transformation of Ag+ is strongly correlated with its risks in aquatic environment. Considering the wide application of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and the inevitable release into the environment, the effects of MoS2 on Ag+ transformation and toxicity are of great concerns. This study revealed the pH-dependent reduction of Ag+ (0.5 mM) to Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) by MoS2 (50 mg/L) and solar irradiation obviously accelerates the AgNPs formation (2.638 mg/L per day, pH=7.0) compared with dark condition (0.637 mg/L per day), ascribing to the electrons capture from electron-hole pairs of MoS2 by Ag+. Ionic strengths and natural organic matter decreased the AgNPs yield. Metallic 1 T phase of MoS2 primarily participated in AgNPs formation and was oxidized to soluble ions (MoO42-) due to the oxygen generation in valance band. The above processes also occurred between Ag+ and MoS2 at environmentally relevant concentrations. Further, photoinduced transformation of Ag+ by MoS2 (10-100 μg/L) significantly lowered its toxicity to freshwater algae. The AgNPs formation on MoS2 reduced the bioavailability of Ag+ to algae, which was the mechanism for attenuated Ag+ toxicity. The provided data are helpful for better understanding the roles of MoS2 on the environmental fates and risks of metal ions under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zou
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Caixia Jin
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xingli Zhang
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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Liu X, You S, Ren N, Zhou H, Zhang J. Complete solar-driven dual-photoelectrode fuel cell for water purification and power generation in the presence of peroxymonosulfate. J Hazard Mater 2021; 416:125682. [PMID: 33813293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the development of complete solar-driven dual-photoelectrode fuel cell (PFC) based on WO3 photoanode and Cu2O photocathode with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) serving as cathodic electron acceptor. As indicated by photoelectrochemical measurements, the PMS was able to improve thermodynamic properties of photocathode, achieving an increased open circuit potential from 0.42 V to 0.65 V vs standard hydrogen electrode (SHE). Under simulated sunlight irradiation (~100 mW cm-2), the maximum power density of 0.12 mW cm-2 could be obtained at current density of 0.34 mA cm-2, which was 8.57 times of that produced by PFC without PMS (0.014 mW cm-2). Correspondingly, adding PMS (1.0 mM) increased overall removal efficiency of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) from 39.8% to 96.8%, accounting for the first-order kinetic constant (k=0.056 min-1) being 6.67 times of that in the absence of PMS (k=0.0084 min-1). Radical quenching and electron spin-resonance (ESR) results suggested the contribution of free radicals (•OH and SO4•-) and non-radical pathway associated with direct activation of PMS by Cu2O photocathode. Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) analysis confirmed the strong non-radical interaction between Cu2O photocathode and PMS, resulting in 4-CP removal via activation of PMS by surface complex on Cu2O. The proof-in-concept complete solar-driven dual-photoelectrode fuel cell may offer an effective manner to realize water purification and power generation, making wastewater treatment more economical and more sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Shijie You
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Conservation Center, Shanghai Museum, Shanghai 200231, PR China
| | - Jinna Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
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Sezen K, Tuncer AD, Akyuz AO, Gungor A. Effects of ambient conditions on solar assisted heat pump systems: a review. Sci Total Environ 2021; 778:146362. [PMID: 33725598 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Solar assisted heat pump (SAHP) systems aim to increase the performance of heat pumps by supporting with solar energy using various heating modes, whose performances depend on ambient conditions. In the literature, SAHP systems are classified by structure types, and the heating mode options are not considered as the main priority of the design but a result of the structure of the system. This paper aimed to investigate the effect of ambient conditions on heating modes, and identify the preferable ambient condition ranges for each SAHP system depends on their heating modes, by using a narrative review of 47 recent studies, that shed light on the problem. For this purpose, direct solar heating (DSH), air source heat pump (ASHP), solar source heat pump (SSHP) and solar-air source heat pump (S/ASHP) modes were stated as the basic heating modes of SAHP systems. In accordance with the literature, SAHP systems were classified as direct expansion solar assisted heat pump (DX-SAHP) and series, parallel and dual source indirect expansion solar assisted heat pumps (IDX-SAHP). Solar irradiation, ambient temperature, relative humidity and wind speed has been taken as major ambient conditions to investigate. Reviewed studies indicated that, parallel and series IDX-SAHP are preferable in high solar irradiations about 800 W/m2 with their DSH mode options. Frosting on evaporator is prevented in DX-SAHP with its S/ASHP mode, and even in the presence of frosting, unlike IDX-SAHPs ASHP mode, freezing is a factor that improves performance on flat evaporator in cold and humid conditions. This study indicates that there are obscure areas for future studies to focus on for a better comparison between SAHP types. Moreover, proposed novel designs of this paper, such as solar preheating of air in IDX-SAHP systems to add S/ASHP mode as an option, might enhance the performance and applicability of SAHP systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kutbay Sezen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey; ALTSO Vocational School of Higher Education, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Azim Doğuş Tuncer
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey; Natural and Applied Science Institute, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Ozhan Akyuz
- Bucak Emin Gulmez Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Afsin Gungor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey; ASHRAE Turkish Chapter, Refrigeration Committee, Istanbul, Turkey.
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27
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El-Nahhal I, Redon R, Raynaud M, El-Nahhal Y, Mounier S. Modelling of impact of presence/absence of suspended particulate organic matter from river and sea and effluent wastewater on fluorescence signal in the coastal area of Gapeau River. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:36707-36726. [PMID: 33709309 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13265-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic matter has an important role in biogeochemistry in aquatic environments. This study investigated impact of suspended particulate organic matter (SPOM) on fluorescence signal of mixtures of three water types (river water RW, sea water SW, effluent wastewater WW) using fluorescence (excitation-emission matrix, EEM) spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and multilinear regression. Four irradiation experiments (Expt-1, Expt-2, Expt-3, and Expt-4) were conducted during different times of the year ( two in autumn, one in winter, and one in spring season). Samples were exposed to natural sunlight on laboratory rooftop in University of Toulon, France, with another set of samples kept in dark as control samples. Three component (C1, C2, C3) model was validated by split-half and Concordia from the whole EEM dataset of all irradiation experiments. No protein-like fluorophores was found. The study revealed the effect of SPOM presence/absence on fluorescence signal of DOM and on resulting parameters of multilinear regression MLR model and kinetic constant of these MLR parameters. Kinetic constant (k) for all MLR coefficients was in order of greatness as Expt-1 (SPOM of WW only in mixtures) > Expt-3 (SPOM of SW only in mixtures) > Expt-2 (SPOM of RW only in mixtures)> Expt-4 (SPOM of RW + SW + WW in mixtures) indicating that SPOM of WW is the most resistant to photodegradation. For dark control samples, only relative standard deviation RSD could be calculated from dataset. RSD values for C3 were the highest indicating its chaotic variations, and the lowest RSD values were found for both C1 and C2 for all experiments. Statistical differences has been found between control and irradiated experiments. These models developed in this study can be used to predict fluorescence signal of anthropogenic effluent DOM during its transport in river systems to coastal zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim El-Nahhal
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, MIO - CS 60584, Toulon, 83041 CEDEX 9, France.
| | - Roland Redon
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, MIO - CS 60584, Toulon, 83041 CEDEX 9, France
| | - Michel Raynaud
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, MIO - CS 60584, Toulon, 83041 CEDEX 9, France
| | - Yasser El-Nahhal
- Department of Environmental and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Islamic University-Gaza, P.O Box 108, 00970, Gaza, Palestinian Territory
| | - Stéphane Mounier
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, MIO - CS 60584, Toulon, 83041 CEDEX 9, France
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Lei X, Lei Y, Zhang X, Yang X. Treating disinfection byproducts with UV or solar irradiation and in UV advanced oxidation processes: A review. J Hazard Mater 2021; 408:124435. [PMID: 33189471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the degradation kinetics and mechanisms of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) under UV and solar irradiation and in UV-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). A total of 59 such compounds are discussed. The processes evaluated are low pressure, medium pressure and vacuum UV irradiation, solar irradiation together with UV/hydrogen peroxide, UV/persulfate and UV/chlorine AOPs. Under UV and solar irradiation, the photodegradation rates of N-nitrosamines are much higher than those of halogenated DBPs. Among halogenated DBPs, those containing iodine are photodegraded more rapidly than those containing bromine or chlorine. This is due to differences in their bond energies (EN-N < EC-I < EC-Br < EC-Cl). Molar absorption coefficients at 254 nm and energy gaps can be used to predict the photodegradation rates of DBPs under low pressure UV irradiation. But many DBPs of interest cannot be degraded to half their original concentration with less than a 500 mJ cm-2 dose of low pressure UV light. HO• generally contributes to less than 30% of the degradation of DBPs except iodo-DBPs in UV/H2O2 AOPs. Reaction mechanisms under UV irradiation and in HO•-mediated oxidation are also summarized. N-N bond cleavage initiates their direct UV photolysis of N-nitrosamines as C-X cleavage does among halogenated compounds. HO• generally initiates degradation via single electron transfer, addition and hydrogen abstraction pathways. Information on the reaction rate constants of SO4•- and halogen radicals with DBPs is rather limited, and little information is available about their reaction pathways. Overall, this review provides improved understanding of UV, solar and AOPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yu Lei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xinran Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Ghorbani M, Salem S. Solar treatment of sewage discharged from industrial estate for reduction of chemical oxygen demand over Degussa P-25 titania. Chemosphere 2021; 265:129123. [PMID: 33272676 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of current investigation was to demonstrate the effectiveness of Degussa P-25 titania in the photocatalytic treatment of sewage, discharged from industrial estate, as a combined process under solar irradiation. The study was aimed to understand the role of fundamental factors including, titania load, initial COD level, and pH on the photocatalytic degradation rate. The commercially produced TiO2 represented a mesoporous structure, 2-30 nm, indicating the adequate activity in the COD reduction of sewages collected from the streams entreating anaerobic, aerobic, and sand filtration stages when 0.5 g L-1 of photocatalyst was loaded. According to the obtained results, the degradation rate is accelerated with an increase in the initial COD level. Although the solar treatment of streams entering to the anaerobic, and aerobic stages indicated the higher rates, the separation of titania particles from the sludge is very difficult. Therefore, it seems that the downstream of recovery network is still the best position to assemble the photocatalytic system, as an auxiliary process to reduce COD below the standard level, and improve the recovery rate. The maximal removal efficiency, 87%, was achieved within 20 min by the solar treatment of sewage in the alkali condition with the control of pH around 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ghorbani
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shiva Salem
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia, Iran.
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30
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Daware GB, Gogate PR. Sonochemical degradation of 3-methylpyridine (3MP) intensified using combination with various oxidants. Ultrason Sonochem 2020; 67:105120. [PMID: 32278248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
3-Methyl pyridine (3MP) is a toxic and hazardous organic compound having considerable negative impact on environment and living organisms. The objective of this work to report a novel treatment strategy based on sonochemical degradation of 3MP, in combination with oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide, Fenton's reagent, peroxymonosulphate (PMS), and potassium persulphate (KPS) as well as solar irradiations. A bath sonicator operating at 25 kHz frequency and rated power dissipation of 100 W was applied in the work to study different approaches with an objective to enhance the removal of 3MP in lesser time. Effect of operating parameters such as pH (over the range of 2-10), treatment time, temperature (25-55 °C) and ultrasonic power (25 W to 150 W) on the degradation has been studied and the best conditions were used in subsequent combination approaches. It was demonstrated that ultrasound in combination with PMS, ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) and solar irradiations (approach of US/PMS/FeSO4/solar irradiation) is the best treatment strategy yielding maximum degradation as 97.4% with highest cavitational yield as 1.920 × 10-4 mg/J and highest synergetic Index as 2.70. Kinetic analysis revealed that first order mechanism fitted well to all the approaches involving different combinations of ultrasound, oxidising agents and solar irradiation. Degradation products were also analysed that established the degradation mechanism as C2 and C3 ring cleavages forming 1, 4-dihydro3-methylpyridine followed by Levulinic acid as non -toxic main by-product. Overall the work clearly demonstrated an effective treatment approach involving combined sonication with oxidants for remediation of 3MP also providing insights on kinetics and mechanism of degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav B Daware
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Parag R Gogate
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India.
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Graves GR, Matterson KO, Milensky CM, Schmidt BK, O'Mahoney MJV, Drovetski SV. Does solar irradiation drive community assembly of vulture plumage microbiotas? Anim Microbiome 2020; 2:24. [PMID: 33499993 PMCID: PMC7807431 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-020-00043-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stereotyped sunning behaviour in birds has been hypothesized to inhibit keratin-degrading bacteria but there is little evidence that solar irradiation affects community assembly and abundance of plumage microbiota. The monophyletic New World vultures (Cathartiformes) are renowned for scavenging vertebrate carrion, spread-wing sunning at roosts, and thermal soaring. Few avian species experience greater exposure to solar irradiation. We used 16S rRNA sequencing to investigate the plumage microbiota of wild individuals of five sympatric species of vultures in Guyana. RESULTS The exceptionally diverse plumage microbiotas (631 genera of Bacteria and Archaea) were numerically dominated by bacterial genera resistant to ultraviolet (UV) light, desiccation, and high ambient temperatures, and genera known for forming desiccation-resistant endospores (phylum Firmicutes, order Clostridiales). The extremophile genera Deinococcus (phylum Deinococcus-Thermus) and Hymenobacter (phylum, Bacteroidetes), rare in vertebrate gut microbiotas, accounted for 9.1% of 2.7 million sequences (CSS normalized and log2 transformed). Five bacterial genera known to exhibit strong keratinolytic capacities in vitro (Bacillus, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, and Streptomyces) were less abundant (totaling 4%) in vulture plumage. CONCLUSIONS Bacterial rank-abundance profiles from melanized vulture plumage have no known analog in the integumentary systems of terrestrial vertebrates. The prominence of UV-resistant extremophiles suggests that solar irradiation may play a significant role in the assembly of vulture plumage microbiotas. Our results highlight the need for controlled in vivo experiments to test the effects of UV on microbial communities of avian plumage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary R Graves
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013, USA.
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Kenan O Matterson
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, 48100, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Christopher M Milensky
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013, USA
| | - Brian K Schmidt
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013, USA
| | - Michael J V O'Mahoney
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013, USA
| | - Sergei V Drovetski
- Laboratories of Analytical Biology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013, USA
- Current address: USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, BARC-East Bldg. 308, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
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Li N, Li M, Sack D, Kang W, Song L, Yang Y, Zong Y, Jie D. Diatom evidence for mid-Holocene peatland water-table variations and their possible link to solar forcing. Sci Total Environ 2020; 725:138272. [PMID: 32464742 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Peatlands located at the northern edge of the East Asian monsoon (EAM) are well placed to provide a terrestrial record of past climate and hydrological changes for this globally sensitive region. Here we present a middle to late Holocene, diatom-derived water-table records from a peatland in the Greater Hinggan Mountains, northeastern China. An age-depth model was achieved through AMS14C dating and Bayesian piece-wise linear accumulation modelling. The diatom-based water-table reconstructions show that the peatland water-table rose from 5100 to 3500 cal. yr BP, but fell approximately 3500 cal. yr BP. From about 2800 to 1500 cal. yr BP, the peatland water-table stabilized. After about 1500 cal. yr BP, several rapid hydrological shifts, which correspond with global climate anomalies such as ice-rafted debris (IRD) events, were registered in the reconstructed water-tables. Compared with other paleoclimate records in East Asia, the general trend of peatland water-table fluctuations follows the variations in the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) intensity. Spectrum analysis of the water-table profile yielded a statistically significant periodicity of 470-year that may be related to the "~500-year" inherent solar irradiation cycles. In addition, positive correlation between the peatland water-table levels and cosmic-isotope-reconstructed sunspot numbers underscores the role of the sun in regulating hydrological processes in the EASM margin area. The data suggest that the regional climate and hydrological variations at the EASM margin were first triggered by changes in solar output, but may have been amplified by interactions with oceanic and atmospheric circulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Li
- Institute for Peat and Mire Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Renmin 5268, Changchun 130024, China; Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China; School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Renmin 5268, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Mengzhen Li
- School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Renmin 5268, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Dorothy Sack
- Department of Geography, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Wengang Kang
- Institute of Geosystems and Bioindication, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 19C, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lina Song
- School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Renmin 5268, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yue Yang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Renmin 5268, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yazhuo Zong
- School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Renmin 5268, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Dongmei Jie
- Institute for Peat and Mire Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Renmin 5268, Changchun 130024, China; Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China; School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Renmin 5268, Changchun 130024, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China.
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Behravesh S, Mirghaffari N, Alemrajabi AA, Davar F, Soleimani M. Photocatalytic degradation of acetaminophen and codeine medicines using a novel zeolite-supported TiO 2 and ZnO under UV and sunlight irradiation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:26929-26942. [PMID: 32385818 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09038-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical compounds are considered as emerging contaminants in the aquatic environments that are not easily eliminated by conventional treatment processes. In the present study, the photocatalytic oxidation of acetaminophen and codeine medicines under UV and solar irradiation was investigated in the aqueous solutions using a novel synthesized zeolite from stone cutting sludge as a support for TiO2 and ZnO. The effect of photocatalyst synthesis conditions including catalyst dose, mixing time, calcination time, and temperature on the efficiency of the pharmaceutical removal were optimized using Taguchi process optimization method. The prepared photocatalysts were characterized using X-ray diffractometer, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, the BET surface area, and the Fourier transformation infrared. The results indicated that the performance of ZnO-zeolite for the removal of acetaminophen-codeine under UV and solar radiation with 58.7% and 45.7% was better than that of TiO2-zeolite with 44.3% and 39.2% efficiency, respectively. Removal efficiency under UV and solar radiation was comparable, suggesting that sunlight could be a promising source for treatment of contaminated water by acetaminophen and codeine using photocatalytic degradation. Regeneration of the prepared photocatalysts after 4 cycles revealed a slight decrease in their efficiency. Overall, photocatalytic degradation of the medicines in the water and wastewater using the ZnO-zeolite and TiO2-zeolite could be developed as an efficient treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Behravesh
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Ali Akbar Alemrajabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Davar
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Soleimani
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
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Jiang SY, Gali NK, Ruan HD, Ning Z. Photo-oxidation of particle phase iron species dominates the generation of reactive oxygen species in secondary aerosol. Sci Total Environ 2020; 723:137994. [PMID: 32224395 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study presents an experimental investigation on the photochemical transformation of iron species in aerosol including dissolution of insoluble iron species into soluble fraction, and soluble ferric oxidation to ferrous form. This process has significantly contributed to the aerosol oxidative potential in generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We conducted both laboratory experiment of UV irradiation and real world solar irradiation on large variation of aerosol samples for the characterization of iron speciation in insoluble and soluble fractions to investigate their transformation under photooxidation process. The results showed that the real world solar irradiation significantly increased the soluble Fe(II) fraction, and this is corroborated by laboratory simulation of UV irradiation showing increasing soluble Fe(II) fraction with elongating aging time. The results further exhibited that the dissolution of iron component into soluble fraction was a dominant process, followed by the conversion of soluble ferric to ferrous ions. Further, the study confirmed that the oxidative potential of particulate matter (PM) is attributed dominantly to the abundance of transition metals, i.e. Fe, and the incremental ROS generation after photochemical process is attributed largely to the transformation of solid phase iron species to soluble Fe(II). The results suggest that transition metals, for example by iron in this study, play an important role in secondary aerosol process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Yanan Jiang
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong; Division of Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, China
| | - Nirmal Kumar Gali
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - Huada Daniel Ruan
- Division of Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, China
| | - Zhi Ning
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong.
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Kong X, Wang L, Wu Z, Zeng F, Sun H, Guo K, Hua Z, Fang J. Solar irradiation combined with chlorine can detoxify herbicides. Water Res 2020; 177:115784. [PMID: 32299021 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The solar/chlorine process is an energy-efficient advanced oxidation process that can produce reactive species such as hydroxyl radical, reactive chlorine species and ozone. This study investigated the process' ability to detoxify the typical herbicides atrazine and mecoprop (methylchlorophenoxypropionic acid). Both herbicides are resistant to direct solar photolysis or chlorination alone, but they can be degraded by the solar/chlorine process effectively. Atrazine inhibited the development of Arabidopsis thaliana, but such inhibition was negligible after solar/chlorine treatment of an atrazine solution. The transformation of atrazine in the process was shown to be through hydroxylation, hydrogen abstraction and dechlorination but did not involve chlorine substitution or addition. Cl• reacts with atrazine and mecoprop with rate constants of 6.87 × 109 M-1s-1 and 1.08 × 1010 M-1s-1, respectively, while ClO• reacts with mecoprop with a rate constant of 1.11 × 108 M-1s-1. The degradation kinetics of atrazine and mecoprop by solar/chlorine was simulated by modeling, which fitted the experimental results well. Hydroxyl radicals (HO•) mainly contributed to the degradation of atrazine by solar/chlorine at pH 7 with the contribution of 65%, whereas ClO• and O3 were main species responsible for the degradation of mecoprop with the contribution of 72% and 17%, respectively. The pseudo-first-order rate constants (k's) of the two degradations increased substantially (by 28.8% for atrazine and by 198% for mecoprop) when the chlorine dosage was increased from 50 μM to 200 μM. The k's decreased with increasing pH. The presence of natural organic matter inhibited the degradation of both herbicides, while the presence of bromide enhanced their degradation. This work reveals a feasible method for the detoxifying herbicides by combining chlorine with solar radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zihao Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Fanli Zeng
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Plant-Microbe Interaction, School of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Huiying Sun
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Plant-Microbe Interaction, School of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Kaiheng Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhechao Hua
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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El-Nahhal I, Redon R, Raynaud M, El-Nahhal Y, Mounier S. Characterization of the fate and changes of post-irradiance fluorescence signal of filtered anthropogenic effluent dissolved organic matter from wastewater treatment plant in the coastal zone of Gapeau river. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:23141-23158. [PMID: 32333342 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08842-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic effluent dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays an important role in coastal zone pollution. The objectives of the present study were to characterize the fluorescence signal of anthropogenic effluent DOM from wastewater treatment plant and to evaluate the effect of solar irradiation on the fluorescence signal in the coastal zone. Solar irradiation experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect photochemical degradation using excitation-emission matrix (EEM) method combined with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). Results showed high fluorescence of DOM before irradiation and the intensity tends to decrease after 4th and 15th day of irradiation. Rapid photochemical degradation of humic-like fluorophores and appearance of a post-irradiance dominant anthropogenic effluent DOM fluorophores were also observed after irradiation. Our experiments showed a sharp reduction in fluorescence intensity which occurred after 4th day of solar irradiation and the fluorescence signal did not disappeared after 15th day indicating the formation of a specific signal due to solar irradiation. PARAFAC model divided the bulk EEM spectra into three individual fluorescent components with C1 "terrestrial humic-like" and C2 "humic-like of longer wavelength" and C3 is a noisy component with two emission maxima. Multilinear regression of PARAFAC components contribution with mixing composition was most suitable according to the equation C*i = AWWi,0 + AWWi,1.fSW + AWWi,2.fRW, where C*i is the normalized contribution of PARAFAC component number i in a given irradiation day; AWWi,0, AWWi,1, AWWi,2 are the multilinear regression coefficients and contain implicitly the effect of fWW; and WW, SW, and RW are treated wastewater, sea water, and river water respectively. The values of AWWi,0, AWWi,1, and AWWi,2 fitted second-order kinetics with irradiation process with kinetic constant of 9.68, - 987.35, and - 977.67 respectively for C1 equation and the same trend for C2 and no values for C3 due to its noisy character indicating the rapid degradation with increase of fSW and fRW and the predominance of the residual fluorescence coming from fWW which is the content fraction of anthropogenic effluent DOM because AWWi,0 was 100 times less sensitive to photobleaching. A suitable model for predicting the fluorescence EEMs as a function of mixing composition was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim El-Nahhal
- CNRS, IRD, MIO, Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ, CS 60584, 83041, Toulon Cedex 9, France.
| | - Roland Redon
- CNRS, IRD, MIO, Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ, CS 60584, 83041, Toulon Cedex 9, France
| | - Michel Raynaud
- CNRS, IRD, MIO, Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ, CS 60584, 83041, Toulon Cedex 9, France
| | - Yasser El-Nahhal
- Department of Environmental and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Islamic University-Gaza, P.O Box 108, 00970, Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine
| | - Stéphane Mounier
- CNRS, IRD, MIO, Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ, CS 60584, 83041, Toulon Cedex 9, France
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Uddandarao P, Hingnekar TA, Balakrishnan RM, Rene ER. Solar assisted photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in the presence of biogenic fluorescent ZnS nanocolloids. Chemosphere 2019; 234:287-296. [PMID: 31226507 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to ascertain the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants present in aqueous phase using fluorescent biogenic ZnS nanocolloids produced from an endophytic fungus Aspergillus flavus. The degradation studies were carried out using different organic pollutants such as methyl violet (MV), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and paracetamol (PARA) for 120 min, 270 min and 240 min, respectively, at pH varying from 3.0 to 11.0. The results from this study indicate that the degradation efficiency of ZnS nanocolloids for MV, 2,4-D and PARA were 87%, 33% and 51%, respectively, at the optimum concentration of 100 mg/L of the tested organic pollutants. At different time intervals, the samples were analyzed for their chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) contents. The reduction of COD and TOC were 78% and 74% for MV at 120 min; 55.5% and 57.2% for 2,4-D at 270 min and 47.6% and 44.5% for PARA at 240 min, respectively. The degradation pathway was determined based on the mass spectrum and the intermediates formed; in addition, the interaction between organic pollutants and nanocolloids was also elucidated based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) and fluorescence spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Uddandarao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, 575025, India
| | - Tina Arun Hingnekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, 575025, India
| | - Raj Mohan Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, 575025, India.
| | - Eldon R Rene
- UNESCO-IHE, Institute for Water Education, Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, Westvest 7, 2611, AX Delft, the Netherlands
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Achouri F, BenSaid M, Bousselmi L, Corbel S, Schneider R, Ghrabi A. Comparative study of Gram-negative bacteria response to solar photocatalytic inactivation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:18961-18970. [PMID: 29862482 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2435-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Solar photocatalytic inactivation of Gram-negative bacteria with immobilized TiO2-P25 in a fixed-bed reactor was modeled with simplified kinetic equations. The kinetic parameters are the following: the photocatalytic inactivation coefficient (kd,QUV), the initial bacterial reduction rate (A) in the contact with the disinfecting agent, and the threshold level of damage (n) were determined to report the effect of QUV/TiO2-P25 on bacterial cultivability and viability and to compare the response of bacterial strains to photocatalytic treatment. In addition, the integration of the reactivation coefficient (Cr) in the photocatalytic inactivation equation allowed evaluating the ability of bacterial reactivation after photocatalytic stress. Results showed different responses of the bacteria strains to photocatalytic stress and the ability of certain bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli ATCC25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC4114 to resuscitate after photocatalytic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faouzi Achouri
- Centre de Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), Laboratoire Eaux Usees et environnement, P.O. Box 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunis, Tunisia.
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Reactions et Genie des Procedes (LRGP), UMR7274, CNRS, 18 rue Grandville, BP20451, 54001, Nancy Cedex, France.
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Jarzouna, 7021, Bizerte, Tunisia.
| | - Myriam BenSaid
- Centre de Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), Laboratoire Eaux Usees et environnement, P.O. Box 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Latifa Bousselmi
- Centre de Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), Laboratoire Eaux Usees et environnement, P.O. Box 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Serge Corbel
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Reactions et Genie des Procedes (LRGP), UMR7274, CNRS, 18 rue Grandville, BP20451, 54001, Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Raphaël Schneider
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Reactions et Genie des Procedes (LRGP), UMR7274, CNRS, 18 rue Grandville, BP20451, 54001, Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Ahmed Ghrabi
- Centre de Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), Laboratoire Eaux Usees et environnement, P.O. Box 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunis, Tunisia
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López-Ramón MV, Rivera-Utrilla J, Sánchez-Polo M, Polo AMS, Mota AJ, Orellana-García F, Álvarez MA. Photocatalytic oxidation of diuron using nickel organic xerogel under simulated solar irradiation. Sci Total Environ 2019; 650:1207-1215. [PMID: 30308808 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a nickel organic xerogel (X-Ni) was used as semiconductor photocatalyst for the degradation of the herbicide diuron (DRN) in aqueous solution. The main objective of this work was to analyze and compare the effectiveness of solar irradiation to remove DRN from water both by direct photolysis and photocatalytic degradation. We examined the influence of the initial concentration of the herbicide, the solution pH, the presence of different ions in the medium, the chemical composition of the water, and the presence of a photocatalyst, after 240 min of irradiation. Direct photolysis achieved a low percentage of DRN degradation but was favored: i) by a reduction in the initial concentration of the herbicide (from 35.6% to 79.0% for 0.150 × 10-3 mol/L and 0.021 × 10-3 mol/L of DRN, respectively) and ii) at solution pHs at which diuron is positively charged (78.6% for pH 2 and 50.4% for pH 7), as suggested by DFT calculations carried out for DRN and its protonated form (DRN-H+). The corresponding mono-demethylated DRN derivative, 1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-methylurea (DCPU), was identified as a DRN degradation byproduct. In addition, the presence of certain anions in the medium significantly affected the overall degradation process by direct photolysis, due to the additional generation of HO radicals. We highlight that the presence of X-Ni considerably improved the photodegradation process under solar irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation rate constant was directly proportional to the xerogel concentration, because an increase in catalyst dose produced an increase in surface active sites for the photodegradation of DRN, enhancing the overall efficiency of the process. Thus, when 4167 mg/g of X-Ni was added, the DRN removal rate was 3-fold higher and both percentage of degradation and mineralization increased 88.5% with respect to the results obtained by direct photolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V López-Ramón
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Science, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - J Rivera-Utrilla
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - M Sánchez-Polo
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - A M S Polo
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio J Mota
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - F Orellana-García
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Science, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - M A Álvarez
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Science, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
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Marcelino RBP, Amorim CC. Towards visible-light photocatalysis for environmental applications: band-gap engineering versus photons absorption-a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:4155-4170. [PMID: 30238261 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A range of different studies has been performed in order to design and develop photocatalysts that work efficiently under visible (and near-infrared) irradiation as well as to improve photons absorption with improved reactor design. While there is consensus on the importance of photocatalysis for environmental applications and the necessity to utilized solar irradiation (or visible-light) as driving force for these processes, it is not yet clear how to get there. Discussion on the future steps towards visible-light photocatalysis for environmental application is of great interest to scientific and industrial communities and the present paper reviews and discusses the two main approaches, band-gap engineering for efficient solar-activated catalysts and reactor designs for improved photons absorption. Common misconceptions and drawbacks of each technology are also examined together with insights for future progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela B P Marcelino
- Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Graduate Program in Sanitation, Environment and Water Resources, School of Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Camila C Amorim
- Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Graduate Program in Sanitation, Environment and Water Resources, School of Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Young TR, Li W, Guo A, Korshin GV, Dodd MC. Characterization of disinfection byproduct formation and associated changes to dissolved organic matter during solar photolysis of free available chlorine. Water Res 2018; 146:318-327. [PMID: 30316167 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Solar irradiation of chlorine-containing waters enhances inactivation of chlorine-resistant pathogens (e.g., Cryptosporidium oocysts), through in situ formation of ozone, hydroxyl radical, and other reactive species during photolysis of free available chlorine (FAC) at UVB-UVA wavelengths of solar light (290-400 nm). However, corresponding effects on regulated disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation and associated dissolved organic matter (DOM) properties remain unclear. In this work, when compared to dark chlorination, sunlight-driven FAC photolysis over a range of conditions was found to yield higher DBP levels, depletion of DOM chromophores and fluorophores, preferential removal of phenolic groups versus carboxylic acid groups, and degradation of larger humic substances to smaller molecular weight compounds. Control experiments showed that increased DBP levels were not due to direct DOM photolysis and subsequent dark reactions with FAC, but to co-exposure of DOM to FAC and reactive species (e.g., O3, HO•, Cl•, Cl2•-, ClO•) generated by FAC photolysis. Because solar chlorine photolysis can enable inactivation of chlorine-resistant pathogens at far lower CTFAC values than chlorination alone, the increases in DBP formation inherent to this approach can likely be offset to some extent by the ability to operate at significantly decreased CTFAC. Nonetheless, these findings demonstrate that applications of solar chlorine photolysis will require careful attention to potential impacts on DBP formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessora R Young
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Wentao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Alan Guo
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Gregory V Korshin
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Michael C Dodd
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Du Y, Wu QY, Lv XT, Ye B, Zhan XM, Lu Y, Hu HY. Electron donating capacity reduction of dissolved organic matter by solar irradiation reduces the cytotoxicity formation potential during wastewater chlorination. Water Res 2018; 145:94-102. [PMID: 30121436 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
After treated wastewater is discharged into surface water for unplanned indirect potable reuse, solar irradiation transforms the dissolved organic matter (DOM), which would alter the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and change the cytotoxicity formation potential (CtFP) during post-chlorination in drinking water treatment plants. This study investigated the effects of solar irradiation on the CtFP and total organic halogen formation potential (TOXFP) of wastewater during post-chlorination. Exposure to natural sunlight decreased the formation potential of cytotoxicity to Chinese Hamster Ovary cells. Under 24 h simulated solar irradiation, CtFP and TOXFP decreased by more than 40%. X-ray photoelectron spectra and Fourier transformation infrared spectra suggested solar irradiation destroyed the key DBP precursors containing phenolic hydroxyl moieties (Ph-OH). The destruction of Ph-OH under solar irradiation was reflected by a decrease in the electron donating capacity (EDC) of DOM and the post-chlorination decreased the EDC further. Increasing the irradiation-consumed EDC abated the chlorine-consumed EDC, while the chlorine-consumed EDC was positively correlated to the CtFP and TOXFP by means of the electrophilic substitution-aromatic ring cleavage. Solar irradiation thus reduced the CtFP and TOXFP in wastewater during post-chlorination. This study revealed that solar irradiation decreased the risks of treated wastewater for unplanned indirect potable reuse and provided a strategy of controlling CtFP and TOXFP via reducing EDC of DOM in pretreatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Du
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Qian-Yuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Tong Lv
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Bei Ye
- Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Institute, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Xin-Min Zhan
- Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Institute, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Yun Lu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Institute, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
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Du Y, Wu QY, Lv XT, Wang QP, Lu Y, Hu HY. Exposure to solar light reduces cytotoxicity of sewage effluents to mammalian cells: Roles of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Water Res 2018; 143:570-578. [PMID: 30015097 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sewage effluents can contain hundreds of toxic pollutants, making them a risk to humans when involved in drinking water. It is therefore important to evaluate the cytotoxicity of sewage effluents to mammalian cells. Solar light might influence the water quality of sewage effluents after their discharge into lakes or rivers, altering their cytotoxicity. In this study, natural solar light was found to lower the cytotoxicity of sewage effluents to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Cytotoxicity of different samples decreased by 31%-65% after 12 h of simulated irradiation. Ultraviolet in sunlight was the major contributor to the cytotoxicity reduction. Aquatic reactive oxygen species (ROS), including singlet oxygen, superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals, were generated in the effluents under irradiation and they contributed to part of cytotoxicity reduction. Pollutants in sewage effluents induced cytotoxicity by simultaneously elevating the levels of intracellular ROS and intracellular reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in CHO cells. Solar light and the aquatic ROS formed under irradiation reduced the cytotoxicity because the transformed pollutants in sewage effluents increased lower intracellular ROS and RNS levels. These results help reveal the detoxification mechanism of sewage effluents in natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Du
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Qian-Yuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Tong Lv
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Qiu-Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yun Lu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Institute, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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Frontistis Z, Mantzavinos D, Meriç S. Degradation of antibiotic ampicillin on boron-doped diamond anode using the combined electrochemical oxidation - Sodium persulfate process. J Environ Manage 2018; 223:878-887. [PMID: 29990877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.06.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the electrochemical oxidation of antibiotic ampicillin (AMP) on a boron-doped diamond anode in the presence of sodium persulfate (SPS) was investigated (EO/SPS process). Experiments were conducted at AMP concentrations between 0.8 and 3 mg/L, SPS concentrations between 100 and 500 mg/L, current densities between 5 and 110 mA/cm2, in three water matrices (ultrapure water, bottled water and secondary treated wastewater), using 0.1 M Na2SO4 as the supporting electrolyte. AMP degradation follows a pseudo-first order kinetic expression with the apparent rate constant increasing with (i) increasing SPS concentration (from 0.08 min-1 to 0.36 min-1 at 0 and 500 mg/L SPS, respectively, 1.1 mg/L AMP, 25 mA/cm2), (ii) increasing current (from 0.08 min-1 to 0.6 min-1 at 5 and 110 mA/cm2, respectively, 1.1 mg/L AMP, 250 mg/L SPS), and (iii) decreasing AMP concentration (from 0.16 min-1 to 0.31 min-1 at 3 and 0.8 mg/L, respectively, 250 mg/L SPS, 25 mA/cm2). The presence of various anions (mainly bicarbonates) in bottled water did not impact AMP degradation. The observed kinetic constant decreased by 40% in the presence of 10 mg/L humic acid. On the other hand, process efficiency was enhanced almost 3.5 times in secondary effluent due to the electrogeneration of active chlorine species that promote indirect oxidation reactions in the bulk solution. The efficacy of the EO/SPS process was compared to and found to be considerably greater than a process where SPS was activated by simulated solar irradiation at an intensity of 7.3 × 10-7 E/(L.s) (SLR/SPS process). Coupling the two processes (EO/SLR/SPS) resulted in a cumulative, in terms of AMP degradation, effect. The combined process was tested for AMP degradation, mineralization and inhibition to Vibrio fischeri in wastewater; fast AMP removal was accompanied by low mineralization and incomplete toxicity removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharias Frontistis
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, GR-50100, Kozani, Greece.
| | - Dionissios Mantzavinos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Sureyya Meriç
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Corlu 59860, Tekirdag, Turkey
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Matos J, Llano B, Montaña R, Poon PS, Hidalgo MC. Design of Ag/ and Pt/TiO 2-SiO 2 nanomaterials for the photocatalytic degradation of phenol under solar irradiation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:18894-18913. [PMID: 29717427 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2102-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The design of hybrid mesoporous TiO2-SiO2 (TS1) materials decorated with Ag and Pt nanoparticles was performed. The photocatalytic degradation of phenol under artificial solar irradiation was studied and the activity and selectivity of the intermediate products were verified. TiO2-SiO2 was prepared by sol-gel method while Ag- and Pt-based photocatalysts (TS1-Ag and TS1-Pt) were prepared by photodeposition of the noble metals on TS1. Two series of photocatalysts were prepared varying Ag and Pt contents (0.5 and 1.0 wt%). An increase in the photocatalytic activity up to two and five times higher than TS1 was found on TS1-Ag-1.0 and TS1-Pt-1.0, respectively. Changes in the intermediate products were detected on Ag- and Pt-based photocatalysts with an increase in the catechol formation up to 3.3 and 6.6 times higher than that observed on TS1, respectively. A two-parallel reaction mechanism for the hydroquinone and catechol formation is proposed. A linear correlation between the photocatalytic activity and the surface concentration of noble metals was found indicating that the electron affinity of noble metals is the driven force for both the increase in the photoactivity and for the remarkable changes in the selectivity of products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Matos
- Hybrid and Carbon Materials Group, Bioenergy Department, Technological Development Unit (UDT), University of Concepcion, Av. Cordillera, 2634, Parque Industrial Coronel, Coronel, Bio Bio, Chile.
| | - Biviana Llano
- Grupo Procesos Químicos Industriales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Ricmary Montaña
- Hybrid and Carbon Materials Group, Bioenergy Department, Technological Development Unit (UDT), University of Concepcion, Av. Cordillera, 2634, Parque Industrial Coronel, Coronel, Bio Bio, Chile
| | - Po S Poon
- Hybrid and Carbon Materials Group, Bioenergy Department, Technological Development Unit (UDT), University of Concepcion, Av. Cordillera, 2634, Parque Industrial Coronel, Coronel, Bio Bio, Chile
| | - Maria C Hidalgo
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (ICMS), Centro Mixto CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, C/Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
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Koh HY, Cho E, Lee SY, Kim WK, Park YM, Kim J, Ahn K, Lee SW, Kim MA, Hahm MI, Chae Y, Lee KJ, Kwon HJ, Han MY. Exposure amount and timing of solar irradiation during pregnancy and the risk of sensitization in children. Allergol Int 2018; 67:225-33. [PMID: 28882557 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solar irradiation affects sensitization to aeroallergens and the prevalence of allergic diseases. Little is known, however, about how the time and amount of solar irradiation during pregnancy affects such risks in children. We aimed to find out how solar irradiation during pregnancy affects sensitization to aero-allergens and the prevalence of allergic diseases in children. METHODS This population-based cross-sectional study involved 7301 aged 6 years and aged 12 years children. Maternal exposure to solar irradiation during pregnancy was evaluated using data from weather stations closest to each child's birthplace. Monthly average solar irradiation during the second and third trimesters was calculated with rank by quartiles. Risks of allergic sensitization and allergic disease were estimated. RESULTS Relative to the first (lowest) quartile, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for allergic sensitization in the fourth (highest) quartile was lowest within solar irradiation during pregnancy months 5-6 (aOR = 0.823, 95% CI 0.720-0.942, p < 0.05). During months 9-10, the aOR for allergic sensitization for the fourth was higher than the first quartile of solar irradiation (aOR = 1.167, 95% CI 1.022-1.333, p < 0.05). Similar results were observed when solar irradiation was analyzed as a continuous variable during months 5 (aOR = 0.975, 95% CI 0.962-0.989, p < 0.001) and month 9 (aOR = 1.018, 95% CI 1.004-1.031, p = 0.003). Increased solar irradiation during months 7-8 increased the risk of asthma (aOR = 1.309, 95% CI 1.024-1.674, p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS Maternal exposure to solar irradiation during the second trimester of pregnancy associated with reduced aeroallergen sensitization, whereas solar irradiation during the third trimester was related to increased sensitization to aeroallergens.
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Yang Z, Zhang G, Hollebone BP, Brown CE, Yang C, Lambert P, Wang Z, Landriault M, Shah K. Fate of oxygenated intermediates in solar irradiated diluted bitumen mixed with saltwater. Environ Pollut 2017; 231:622-634. [PMID: 28843901 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two types of diluted bitumen (dilbit) and a light crude oil spiked onto the surface of saltwater were irradiated with natural solar light in Ottawa to assess the impact of sunlight to the fate of oxygenated intermediates. Oxygenated components, including carbonyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and acidic polar fractions (naphthenic acid fraction compounds, NAFCs), were identified after periods of solar exposure under both winter and summer conditions. Carbonyl PAHs and NAFCs were formed in both seasons; however, light crude and summer irradiation produced higher abundance of them than dilbits and winter exposure. The formed NAFCs were abundant with the congeners containing a heteroatom of oxygen only (Oo species), accompanied by the minor amounts of sulfur- and nitrogen-containing acids. The produced Oo species were predominant with the congeners with light molecular weight, high degree of saturation and heavy oxygen numbers. For both carbonyl PAHs and NAFCs, their abundance continually increased throughout the period of winter exposure. In the summer, some carbonyl PAHs and all Oo species increased during the early exposure period; then they decreased with continued exposure for most oils, illustrating their transitional nature. Oxygenated intermediates thus appear to have been created through the photo-oxidation of non-to medium-polar petroleum hydrocarbons or the intermediates of aldehydes or ketones (O1). Oil properties, the duration of exposure, exposure season and the chemical structure of these intermediates are critical factors controlling their fate through photo-oxidation. The observed chemical changes highlight the effects of sunlight on the potential behavior, fate and impact of spilled oil, with the creation of new resin group compounds and the reduction of aromatics and saturates. These results also imply that the ecological effects of spilled oil, after ageing in sunlight, depend on the specific oil involved and the environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Yang
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A0H3, Canada.
| | - Gong Zhang
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A0H3, Canada
| | - Bruce P Hollebone
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A0H3, Canada
| | - Carl E Brown
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A0H3, Canada
| | - Chun Yang
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A0H3, Canada
| | - Patrick Lambert
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A0H3, Canada
| | - Zhendi Wang
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A0H3, Canada
| | - Mike Landriault
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A0H3, Canada
| | - Keval Shah
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A0H3, Canada
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Khalik WF, Ho LN, Ong SA, Voon CH, Wong YS, Yusoff N, Lee SL, Yusuf SY. Optimization of degradation of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and electricity generation in solar photocatalytic fuel cell system. Chemosphere 2017; 184:112-119. [PMID: 28586651 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) system was developed in order to study the effect of several operating parameters in degradation of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and its electricity generation. Light irradiation, initial dye concentration, aeration, pH and cathode electrode are the operating parameters that might give contribution in the efficiency of PFC system. The degradation of RB5 depends on the presence of light irradiation and solar light gives better performance to degrade the azo dye. The azo dye with low initial concentration decolorizes faster compared to higher initial concentration and presence of aeration in PFC system would enhance its performance. Reactive Black 5 rapidly decreased at higher pH due to the higher amount of OH generated at higher pH and Pt-loaded carbon (Pt/C) was more suitable to be used as cathode in PFC system compared to Cu foil and Fe foil. The rapid decolorization of RB5 would increase their voltage output and in addition, it would also increase their Voc, Jsc and Pmax. The breakage of azo bond and aromatic rings was confirmed through UV-Vis spectrum and COD analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Fadhilah Khalik
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, 02600, Malaysia
| | - Li-Ngee Ho
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, 02600, Malaysia.
| | - Soon-An Ong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, 02600, Malaysia
| | - Chun-Hong Voon
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, 02600, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, 02600, Malaysia
| | - NikAthirah Yusoff
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, 02600, Malaysia
| | - Sin-Li Lee
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, 02600, Malaysia
| | - Sara Yasina Yusuf
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, 02600, Malaysia
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Kim S, Cho H, Joo H, Her N, Han J, Yi K, Kim JO, Yoon J. Evaluation of performance with small and scale-up rotating and flat reactors; photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A, 17β-estradiol, and 17α-ethynyl estradiol under solar irradiation. J Hazard Mater 2017; 336:21-32. [PMID: 28463735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the performances of photocatalytic reactors of the small and scale-up rotating and flat types were evaluated to investigate the treatment of new emerging contaminants such as bisphenol A (BPA), 17α-ethynyl estradiol (EE2), and 17β-estradiol (E2) that are known as endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). In the laboratory tests with the small-scale rotating and flat reactors, the degradation efficiencies of the mixed EDCs were significantly influenced by the change of the hydraulic retention time (HRT). In particular, considering the effective two-dimensional reaction area with light and nanotubular TiO2 (NTT) on a Ti substrate, the rotating reactors showed the more effective performance than the flat reactor because the degradation efficiencies are similar in the small effective area. In addition, the major parameters affecting the photocatalytic activities of the NTT were evaluated for the rotating reactors according to the effects of single and mixed EDCs, the initial concentrations of the EDCs, the UV intensity, and dissolved oxygen. In the extended outdoor tests with the scale-up photocatalytic reactors and NTT, it was confirmed from the four representative demonstrations that an excellent rotating-reactor performance is consistently shown in terms of the degradation of the target pollutants under solar irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saewon Kim
- Korea Institute of Energy Research, New and Renewable Energy Research Division, Hydrogen Laboratory, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, South Korea; Chungnam National University, Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 306-764, South Korea
| | - Hyekyung Cho
- Korea Institute of Energy Research, New and Renewable Energy Research Division, Hydrogen Laboratory, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, South Korea; HanyangUniversity, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Hyunku Joo
- Korea Institute of Energy Research, New and Renewable Energy Research Division, Hydrogen Laboratory, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, South Korea
| | - Namguk Her
- Korea Army Academy at Young-Cheon, Department of Civil and Environmental Sciences, 135-1 Changhari, Kokyungmeon, Young-cheon, Gyeongbuk 770-849, South Korea
| | - Jonghun Han
- Korea Army Academy at Young-Cheon, Department of Civil and Environmental Sciences, 135-1 Changhari, Kokyungmeon, Young-cheon, Gyeongbuk 770-849, South Korea
| | - Kwangbok Yi
- Chungnam National University, Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 306-764, South Korea
| | - Jong-Oh Kim
- HanyangUniversity, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Jaekyung Yoon
- Korea Institute of Energy Research, New and Renewable Energy Research Division, Hydrogen Laboratory, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, South Korea.
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Souza RP, Ambrosio E, Souza MTF, Freitas TKFS, Ferrari-Lima AM, Garcia JC. Solar photocatalytic degradation of textile effluent with TiO 2, ZnO, and Nb 2O 5 catalysts: assessment of photocatalytic activity and mineralization. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:12691-12699. [PMID: 28093675 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8408-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic degradation of textile effluent was investigated using TiO2, ZnO, and Nb2O5 catalysts under solar irradiation. The procedures were carried out at ambient conditions in April 2014, with pH 3.0 and catalyst concentration of 0.250 g L-1. The photocatalytic activity of the oxides was evaluated by means of kinetic efficiency (rate constant and half-life time), chemical oxygen demand reduction, and absorbance reduction at 228, 254, 284, 310, 350, 500, and 660 nm (λmáx). Mineralization in terms of the formation of inorganic ions and toxicity reduction using bioassays with Artemia salina were performed. TiO2 reduced the absorbance at 660 nm (λmax) after 300 min of solar irradiation around 94 and 93%; and 68 and 60% of COD, respectively. ZnO showed lower photocatalytic activity giving 64 and 42% of absorbance and COD reduction, respectively. The photocatalytic activity of Nb2O5 was very close to TiO2-P25. In this sense, Nb2O5 becomes a promising alternative to replace the commercial TiO2-P25. Bioassays confirmed the efficacy of treatment, increasing the lethal concentration of 27.59 (in natura) to 131.95% in the presence of Nb2O5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata P Souza
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo 5790, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Estrada para Boa Esperança Km 04, Dois Vizinhos, PR, 85660-000, Brazil
| | - Elizangela Ambrosio
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo 5790, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Maisa T F Souza
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo 5790, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Thábata K F S Freitas
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo 5790, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Ana M Ferrari-Lima
- Department of Technology in Chemical Processes, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Rua Marcílio Dias 635, Apucarana, PR, 86812-460, Brazil.
| | - Juliana C Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo 5790, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
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