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Aleem SA, Asikin-Mijan N, Hussain AS, Voon CH, Dolfi A, Sivasangar S, Taufiq-Yap YH. Catalytic ketonization of palmitic acid over a series of transition metal oxides supported on zirconia oxide-based catalysts. RSC Adv 2021; 11:31972-31982. [PMID: 35495522 PMCID: PMC9041895 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10963k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Modification of a ZrO2 based catalyst with selected transition metals dopants has shown promising improvement in the catalytic activity of palmitic acid ketonization. Small amounts of metal oxide deposition on the surface of the ZrO2 catalyst enhances the yield of palmitone (16-hentriacontanone) as the major product with pentadecane as the largest side product. This investigation explores the effects of addition of carefully chosen metal oxides (Fe2O3, NiO, MnO2, CeO2, CuO, CoO, Cr2O3, La2O3 and ZnO) as dopants on bulk ZrO2. The catalysts are prepared via a deposition–precipitation method followed by calcination at 550 °C and characterized by XRD, BET-surface area, TPD-CO2, TPD-NH3, FESEM, TEM and XPS. The screening of synthesized catalysts was carried out with 5% catalyst loading onto 15 g of pristine palmitic acid and the reaction carried out at 340 °C for 3 h. Preliminary studies show catalytic activity improvement with addition of dopants in the order of La2O3/ZrO2 < CoO/ZrO2 < MnO2/ZrO2 with the highest palmitic acid conversion of 92% and palmitone yield of 27.7% achieved using 5% MnO2/ZrO2 catalyst. Besides, NiO/ZrO2 exhibits high selectivity exclusively for pentadecane compared to other catalysts with maximum yield of 24.9% and conversion of 64.9% is observed. Therefore, the changes in physicochemical properties of the dopant added ZrO2 catalysts and their influence in palmitic acid ketonization reaction is discussed in detail. Catalyst screening and optimization of a series of ZrO2 supported metal oxides for ketonization of undiluted, neat palmitic acid.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Aleem
- Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre (PutraCAT), Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia +603-89466758 +603-89466809.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia.,PETRONAS Research Sdn Bhd, Kawasan Institusi Bangi Kajang 43000 Selangor Malaysia
| | - N Asikin-Mijan
- Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre (PutraCAT), Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia +603-89466758 +603-89466809.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - A S Hussain
- PETRONAS Research Sdn Bhd, Kawasan Institusi Bangi Kajang 43000 Selangor Malaysia
| | - C H Voon
- PETRONAS Research Sdn Bhd, Kawasan Institusi Bangi Kajang 43000 Selangor Malaysia
| | - A Dolfi
- PETRONAS Research Turin Trinità 82 10026 Santena (Turin) Italy
| | - S Sivasangar
- Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre (PutraCAT), Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia +603-89466758 +603-89466809.,Department of Science & Technology, Faculty of Humanities, Management & Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia Kampus Bintulu Jalan Nyabau, Peti Surat 396 97008 Bintulu Sarawak Malaysia +6086-855743.,Institut EkoSains Borneo Universiti Putra Malaysia Sarawak Campus, Jalan Nyabau 97008 Bintulu Sarawak Malaysia
| | - Y H Taufiq-Yap
- Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre (PutraCAT), Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia +603-89466758 +603-89466809.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia.,Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah 88400 Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia
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2
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Jaapar FN, Parmin NA, Halim NHA, Hashim U, Gopinath SCB, Halim FS, Ruslinda AR, Voon CH, Uda MNA, Uda MNA, Nadzirah S, Rejali Z, Afzan A, Zakaria II. Designing DNA probe from HPV 18 and 58 in the E6 region for sensing element in the development of genosensor-based gold nanoparticles. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:1966-1983. [PMID: 34554606 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The E6 region has higher protuberant probability annealing than consensus probe focusing on another region in the human papillomavirus (HPV) genome in terms of detection and screening method. Here, we designed the first multiple virus single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) for multiple detections in an early phase of screening for cervical cancer in the E6 region and became a fundamental evolution of detection electrochemical HPV biosensor. Gene profiling of the virus ssDNA sequences has been carried by high-end bioinformatics tools such as GenBank, Basic Local Alignment Searching Tools (BLAST), and Clustal OMEGA in a row. The output from bioinformatics tools resulted in 100% of similarities between our virus ssDNA probe and HPV complete genome in the databases. The cross-validation between HPV genome and our designed virus ssDNA provided high specificity and selectivity during screening methods compared with Pap smear. The DNA probe for HPV 18, 5' COOH-GAT CCA GAA GGT ACA GAC GGG GAG GGC ACG 3', while 5'COOH-GGG CGC TGT GCA GTG TGT TGG AGA CCC CGA3' as DNA probe for HPV 58 designed with 66.77% guanine (G) and cytosine (C) content for both. Our virus ssDNA probe for the HPV biosensor promises high sensitivity, specificity, selectivity, repeatability, low fluid consumption, and will be useful in mini-size diagnostic devices for cervical cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Nadhirah Jaapar
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, 01000, Malaysia
| | - N A Parmin
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, 01000, Malaysia
| | - N Hamidah A Halim
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, 01000, Malaysia
| | - Uda Hashim
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, 01000, Malaysia
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, 01000, Malaysia.,Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, Perlis, 02600, Malaysia
| | - F Syakirah Halim
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, 01000, Malaysia
| | - A Rahim Ruslinda
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, 01000, Malaysia
| | - C H Voon
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, 01000, Malaysia
| | - M N A Uda
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, 01000, Malaysia
| | - M N Afnan Uda
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, 01000, Malaysia
| | - Sh Nadzirah
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zulida Rejali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amilia Afzan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Iffah Izzati Zakaria
- Malaysia Genome Institute (MGI), National Institute of Biotechnology (NIBM), Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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3
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Parmin NA, Hashim U, Gopinath SCB, Nadzirah S, Salimi MN, Voon CH, Uda MNA, Uda MNA, Rozi SKM, Rejali Z, Afzan A, Azan MIA, Yaakub ARW, Hamzah AA, Dee CF. Potentials of MicroRNA in Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer by Analytical Electrical Biosensors. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1511-1523. [PMID: 34092138 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1890543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The importance of nanotechnology in medical applications especially with biomedical sensing devices is undoubted. Several medical diagnostics have been developed by taking the advantage of nanomaterials, especially with electrical biosensors. Biosensors have been predominantly used for the quantification of different clinical biomarkers toward detection, screening, and follow-up the treatment. At present, ovarian cancer is one of the severe complications that cannot be identified until it becomes most dangerous as the advanced stage. Based on the American Cancer Society, 20% of cases involved in the detection of ovarian cancer are diagnosed at an early stage and 80% diagnosed at the later stages. The patient just has a common digestive problem and stomach ache as early symptoms and people used to ignore these symptoms. Micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA) is classified as small non-coding RNAs, their expressions change due to the association of cancer development and progression. This article reviews and discusses on the currently available strategies for the early detection of ovarian cancers using miRNA as a biomarker associated with electrical biosensors. A unique miRNA-based biomarker detections are specially highlighted with biosensor platforms to diagnose ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Parmin
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Uda Hashim
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia.,Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Sh Nadzirah
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M N Salimi
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - C H Voon
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - M N A Uda
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia.,Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - M N Afnan Uda
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Siti Khalijah Mahmad Rozi
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Zulida Rejali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (O&G), Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor
| | - Amilia Afzan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (O&G), Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor
| | - Mohammad Isa Ahmad Azan
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Radi Wan Yaakub
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Azrul Azlan Hamzah
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chang Fu Dee
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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4
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Khalik WF, Ho LN, Ong SA, Voon CH, Wong YS, Yusuf SY, Yusoff NA, Lee SL. Enhancement of simultaneous batik wastewater treatment and electricity generation in photocatalytic fuel cell. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:35164-35175. [PMID: 30328543 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3414-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate several operating parameters, such as open circuit, different external resistance, pH, supporting electrolyte, and presence of aeration that might enhance the degradation rate as well as electricity generation of batik wastewater in solar photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC). The optimum degradation of batik wastewater was at pH 9 with external resistor 250 Ω. It was observed that open circuit of PFC showed only 17.2 ± 7.5% of removal efficiency, meanwhile the degradation rate of batik wastewater was enhanced to 31.9 ± 15.0% for closed circuit with external resistor 250 Ω. The decolorization of batik wastewater in the absence of photocatalyst due to the absorption of light irradiation by dye molecules and this process was known as photolysis. The degradation of batik wastewater increased as the external resistor value decreased. In addition, the degradation rate of batik wastewater also increased at pH 9 which was 74.4 ± 34.9% and at pH 3, its degradation rate was reduced to 19.4 ± 8.7%. The presence of aeration and sodium chloride as supporting electrolyte in batik wastewater also affected its degradation and electricity generation. The maximum absorbance of wavelength (λmax) of batik wastewater at 535 nm and chemical oxygen demand gradually decreased as increased in irradiation time; however, batik wastewater required prolonged irradiation time to fully degrade and mineralize in PFC system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Fadhilah Khalik
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Li-Ngee Ho
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Soon-An Ong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Chun-Hong Voon
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Sara Yasina Yusuf
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Nik Athirah Yusoff
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Sin-Li Lee
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
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5
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Lee SL, Ho LN, Ong SA, Wong YS, Voon CH, Khalik WF, Yusoff NA, Nordin N. Exploring the relationship between molecular structure of dyes and light sources for photodegradation and electricity generation in photocatalytic fuel cell. Chemosphere 2018; 209:935-943. [PMID: 30114743 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactive green 19, acid orange 7 and methylene blue are employed as the organic pollutants in this work. A photocatalytic fuel cell is constructed based on the idea of immobilizing zinc oxide onto zinc photoanode and platinum loaded carbon cathode, both evaluated under sunlight and ultraviolet irradiation, respectively. Influence of light and dye structures on the performance of photocatalytic fuel cell are examined. With reactive green 19, 93% and 86% of color removal are achieved after 8 h of photocatalytic fuel cell treatment under sunlight and ultraviolet irradiation, respectively. The decolorization rate of diazo reactive green 19 is higher than acid orange 7 (monoazo dye) when both dyes are treated by photocatalytic fuel cell under sunlight and ultraviolet irradiation, as the electron releasing groups (-NH-triazine) allow reactive green 19 easier to be oxidized. Comparatively, acid orange 7 is less favorable to be oxidized. The degradation of methylene blue is enhanced under sunlight irradiation due to the occurrence of self-sensitized photodegradation. When methylene blue is employed in the photocatalytic fuel cell under sunlight irradiation, the short circuit current (0.0129 mA cm-2) and maximum power density (0.0032 mW cm-2) of photocatalytic fuel cell greatly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Li Lee
- Center for Frontier Materials Research, School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Li-Ngee Ho
- Center for Frontier Materials Research, School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Soon-An Ong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Chun-Hong Voon
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Wan Fadhilah Khalik
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Nik Athirah Yusoff
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Noradiba Nordin
- Center for Frontier Materials Research, School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
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6
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Khalik WF, Ho LN, Ong SA, Voon CH, Wong YS, Yusuf SY, Yusoff N, Lee SL. Reactive Black 5 as electron donor and/or electron acceptor in dual chamber of solar photocatalytic fuel cell. Chemosphere 2018; 202:467-475. [PMID: 29579681 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of azo dye Reactive Black 5 (RB5) as an electron donor and/or electron acceptor could be distinguished in dual chamber of photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC). The introduction of RB5 in anode chamber increased the voltage generation in the system since degradation of RB5 might produce electrons which also would transfer through external circuit to the cathode chamber. The removal efficiency of RB5 with open and closed circuit was 8.5% and 13.6%, respectively and removal efficiency for open circuit was low due to the fact that recombination of electron-hole pairs might happen in anode chamber since without connection to the cathode, electron cannot be transferred. The degradation of RB5 in cathode chamber with absence of oxygen showed that electrons from anode chamber was accepted by dye molecules to break its azo bond. The presence of oxygen in cathode chamber would improve the oxygen reduction rate which occurred at Platinum-loaded carbon (Pt/C) cathode electrode. The Voc, Jsc and Pmax for different condition of ultrapure water at cathode chamber also affected their fill factor. The transportation of protons to cathode chamber through Nafion membrane could decrease the pH of ultrapure water in cathode chamber and undergo hydrogen evolution reaction in the absence of oxygen which then increased degradation rate of RB5 as well as its electricity generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Fadhilah Khalik
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Li-Ngee Ho
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Soon-An Ong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Chun-Hong Voon
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Sara Yasina Yusuf
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - NikAthirah Yusoff
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Sin-Li Lee
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
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7
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Lee SL, Ho LN, Ong SA, Wong YS, Voon CH, Khalik WF, Yusoff NA, Nordin N. Role of dissolved oxygen on the degradation mechanism of Reactive Green 19 and electricity generation in photocatalytic fuel cell. Chemosphere 2018; 194:675-681. [PMID: 29247929 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a membraneless photocatalytic fuel cell with zinc oxide loaded carbon photoanode and platinum loaded carbon cathode was constructed to investigate the impact of dissolved oxygen on the mechanism of dye degradation and electricity generation of photocatalytic fuel cell. The photocatalytic fuel cell with high and low aeration rate, no aeration and nitrogen purged were investigated, respectively. The degradation rate of diazo dye Reactive Green 19 and the electricity generation was enhanced in photocatalytic fuel cell with higher dissolved oxygen concentration. However, the photocatalytic fuel cell was still able to perform 37% of decolorization in a slow rate (k = 0.033 h-1) under extremely low dissolved oxygen concentration (approximately 0.2 mg L-1) when nitrogen gas was introduced into the fuel cell throughout the 8 h. However, the change of the UV-Vis spectrum indicates that the intermediates of the dye could not be mineralized under insufficient dissolved oxygen level. In the aspect of electricity generation, the maximum short circuit current (0.0041 mA cm-2) and power density (0.00028 mW cm-2) of the air purged photocatalytic fuel cell was obviously higher than that with nitrogen purging (0.0015 mA cm-2 and 0.00008 mW cm-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Li Lee
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Li-Ngee Ho
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Soon-An Ong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Chun-Hong Voon
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Wan Fadhilah Khalik
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Nik Athirah Yusoff
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Noradiba Nordin
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
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8
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Khalik WF, Ho LN, Ong SA, Voon CH, Wong YS, Yusoff N, Lee SL, Yusuf SY. Optimization of degradation of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and electricity generation in solar photocatalytic fuel cell system. Chemosphere 2017; 184:112-119. [PMID: 28586651 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) system was developed in order to study the effect of several operating parameters in degradation of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and its electricity generation. Light irradiation, initial dye concentration, aeration, pH and cathode electrode are the operating parameters that might give contribution in the efficiency of PFC system. The degradation of RB5 depends on the presence of light irradiation and solar light gives better performance to degrade the azo dye. The azo dye with low initial concentration decolorizes faster compared to higher initial concentration and presence of aeration in PFC system would enhance its performance. Reactive Black 5 rapidly decreased at higher pH due to the higher amount of OH generated at higher pH and Pt-loaded carbon (Pt/C) was more suitable to be used as cathode in PFC system compared to Cu foil and Fe foil. The rapid decolorization of RB5 would increase their voltage output and in addition, it would also increase their Voc, Jsc and Pmax. The breakage of azo bond and aromatic rings was confirmed through UV-Vis spectrum and COD analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Fadhilah Khalik
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, 02600, Malaysia
| | - Li-Ngee Ho
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, 02600, Malaysia.
| | - Soon-An Ong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, 02600, Malaysia
| | - Chun-Hong Voon
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, 02600, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, 02600, Malaysia
| | - NikAthirah Yusoff
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, 02600, Malaysia
| | - Sin-Li Lee
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, 02600, Malaysia
| | - Sara Yasina Yusuf
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, 02600, Malaysia
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9
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Lee SL, Ho LN, Ong SA, Wong YS, Voon CH, Khalik WF, Yusoff NA, Nordin N. A highly efficient immobilized ZnO/Zn photoanode for degradation of azo dye Reactive Green 19 in a photocatalytic fuel cell. Chemosphere 2017; 166:118-125. [PMID: 27693872 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) is a potential wastewater treatment technology that can generate electricity from the conversion of chemical energy of organic pollutants. An immobilized ZnO/Zn fabricated by sonication and heat attachment method was applied as the photoanode and Pt/C plate was used as the cathode of the PFC in this study. Factors that affect the decolorization efficiency and electricity generation of the PFC such as different initial dye concentrations and pH were investigated. Results revealed that the degradation of Reactive Green 19 (RG19) was enhanced in a closed circuit PFC compared with that of a opened circuit PFC. Almost 100% decolorization could be achieved in 8 h when 250 mL of 30 mg L-1 of RG19 was treated in a PFC without any supporting electrolyte. The highest short circuit current of 0.0427 mA cm-2 and maximum power density of 0.0102 mW cm-2 was obtained by PFC using 30 mg L-1 of RG19. The correlation between dye degradation, conductivity and voltage output were also investigated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Li Lee
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Li-Ngee Ho
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Soon-An Ong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Chun-Hong Voon
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Wan Fadhilah Khalik
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Nik Athirah Yusoff
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Noradiba Nordin
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
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Khalik WF, Ong SA, Ho LN, Wong YS, Voon CH, Yusuf SY, Yusoff NA, Lee SL. Influence of supporting electrolyte in electricity generation and degradation of organic pollutants in photocatalytic fuel cell. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:16716-16721. [PMID: 27184147 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6840-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of different supporting electrolyte (Na2SO4, MgSO4, NaCl) in degradation of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and generation of electricity. Zinc oxide (ZnO) was immobilized onto carbon felt acted as photoanode, while Pt-coated carbon paper as photocathode was placed in a single chamber photocatalytic fuel cell, which then irradiated by UV lamp for 24 h. The degradation and mineralization of RB5 with 0.1 M NaCl rapidly decreased after 24-h irradiation time, followed by MgSO4, Na2SO4 and without electrolyte. The voltage outputs for Na2SO4, MgSO4 and NaCl were 908, 628 and 523 mV, respectively, after 24-h irradiation time; meanwhile, their short-circuit current density, J SC, was 1.3, 1.2 and 1.05 mA cm(-2), respectively. The power densities for Na2SO4, MgSO4 and NaCl were 0.335, 0.256 and 0.245 mW cm(-2), respectively. On the other hand, for without supporting electrolyte, the voltage output and short-circuit current density was 271.6 mV and 0.055 mA cm(-2), respectively. The supporting electrolyte NaCl showed greater performance in degradation of RB5 and generation of electricity due to the formation of superoxide radical anions which enhance the degradation of dye. The mineralization of RB5 with different supporting electrolyte was measured through spectrum analysis and reduction in COD concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Fadhilah Khalik
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Soon-An Ong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Li-Ngee Ho
- School of Material Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Chun-Hong Voon
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Sara Yasina Yusuf
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Nik Athirah Yusoff
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Sin-Li Lee
- School of Material Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
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