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Aguilera C, Wong YS, Gutierrez-Reinoso MA, Velásquez AE, Melo-Báez B, Cabezas J, Caamaño D, Navarrete F, Castro FO, Rodriguez-Alvarez LL. Embryo-maternal communication mediated by extracellular vesicles in the early stages of embryonic development is modified by in vitro conditions. Theriogenology 2024; 214:43-56. [PMID: 37852113 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become important in embryo-maternal communication during early development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an in vitro system on early bidirectional embryo-maternal communication mediated by EVs. For this purpose, two experiments were performed: one to evaluate the effect of embryonic EVs on maternal cells and the second to determine the effect of maternal EVs on early embryonic development. For the first in vitro (IVP) and in vivo (IVV) experiments, bovine blastocysts were selected and individually cultured for 48 h to collect embryonic EVs secreted during days 7-9 of embryonic development. Embryonic EVs were added to the medium of in vitro-cultured bovine endometrial cells to evaluate their effect on the expression pattern of genes associated with endometrial function and response to interferon tau (IFNT). Non-classical interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) were only induced by in vitro-derived embryos. In the second experiment, EVs released by endometrial cells cultured in vitro (EVC) and collected from uterine fluid (EV-UF) of cows in the early luteal phase were added to the culture medium of bovine embryos produced in vitro during days 5-9 of development. The effect of maternal in vitro or in vivo-derived EVs differs in the quality of bovine embryos produced in vitro during the pre-implantation period. The expression of IFNT in bovine embryos is increased by the effect of EV-UF treatment. Additionally, EV-UF treatment induces a sustained increase in diameter during embryonic development and a tendency towards a greater number of expanded and hatched blastocysts. However, some genes related to embryo quality are induced by EVC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Aguilera
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Chillan, Chile
| | - Y S Wong
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Chillan, Chile
| | - M A Gutierrez-Reinoso
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Chillan, Chile
| | - A E Velásquez
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Chillan, Chile
| | - B Melo-Báez
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Chillan, Chile
| | - J Cabezas
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Chillan, Chile
| | - D Caamaño
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Chillan, Chile
| | - F Navarrete
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Chillan, Chile
| | - F O Castro
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Chillan, Chile
| | - L L Rodriguez-Alvarez
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Chillan, Chile.
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Teoh TP, Ong SA, Ho LN, Wong YS, Lutpi NA, Tan SM, Ong YP, Yap KL. Enhancement of energy recovery from caffeine wastewater in constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell through operating conditions. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28362-7. [PMID: 37358771 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The enhancement of up-flow constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell (UFCW-MFC) performance in energy retrieval from caffeine containing wastewater has been explored via various operating conditions (hydraulic retention time (HRT), multianode (MA), multicathode current collector (MC), external resistance). The anaerobic decaffeination and COD removal improved by 37 and 12% as the HRT extended from 1 to 5 d. The increment in contact time between the microbes and organic substrates promoted the degradation and contributed to higher power output (3.4-fold), CE (eightfold), and NER (14-16-fold). The MA and MC connections facilitated the electron transfer rate and the degradation rate of organic substrates in the multiple anodic zones, which enhanced the removal efficiency in the anaerobic compartment (Caffeine: 4.2%; COD: 7.4%) and led to higher electricity generation (Power: 4.7-fold) and energy recovery (CE: 1.4-fold; NER: 2.3-2.5-fold) compared to SA. The lower external resistance favored the growth of electrogens and induced higher electron flux, where the best treatment performance and electricity production was obtained when the external resistance approached the internal resistance. Overall, it was noteworthy that the optimum operating conditions were achieved with 5 d HRT, MA, and MC connection along with external resistance of 200 Ω, which significantly outperformed the initial conditions (1 d HRT, SA connection, and 1000 Ω) by 43.7 and 29.8% of caffeine and COD removal in the anaerobic compartment, respectively as well as 14-fold of power generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tean-Peng Teoh
- Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth, Centre of Excellence (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Civil Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Soon-An Ong
- Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth, Centre of Excellence (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
- Faculty of Civil Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Li-Ngee Ho
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth, Centre of Excellence (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Civil Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Nabilah Aminah Lutpi
- Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth, Centre of Excellence (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Civil Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Sing-Mei Tan
- Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth, Centre of Excellence (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Civil Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yong-Por Ong
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Kea-Lee Yap
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
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Chai A, Wong YS, Ong SA, Lutpi NA, Sam ST, Wirach T, Kee WC, Khoo HC. Exploring the potential of thermophilic anaerobic co-digestion between agro-industrial waste and water hyacinth: operational performance, kinetic study and degradation pathway. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023:10.1007/s00449-023-02879-0. [PMID: 37160769 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02879-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic co-digestion (co-AD) of agro-industrial waste, namely, palm oil mill effluent (POME) and sugarcane vinasse (Vn), with water hyacinth (WH) as co-substrate was carried out in two separate Anaerobic Suspended Growth Closed Bioreactors (ASGCBs) under thermophilic (55 °C) conditions. The highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) and soluble COD reduction in co-AD of POME-WH (78.61%, 78.86%) is slightly higher than co-AD of Vn-WH (75.75%, 78.24%). However, VFA reduction in co-AD of POME-WH (96.41%) is higher compared to co-AD of Vn-WH (85.94%). Subsequently, biogas production peaked at 13438 mL/day values and 16122 mL/day for co-AD of POME-WH and Vn-WH, respectively. However, the methane content was higher in the co-AD of POME-WH (72.04%) than in the co-AD of Vn-WH (69.86%). Growth yield (YG), maximum specific substrate utilization rate (rx,max) and maximum specific biomass growth rate (μmax) are higher in co-AD of POME-WH, as supported by the higher mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) and COD reduction efficiency compared to co-AD of Vn-WH. However, methane yield ([Formula: see text]) reported in the co-AD of POME-WH and Vn-WH are 0.2748 and 0.3112 L CH4/g CODreduction, respectively, which suggests that WH is a more suitable co-substrate for Vn compared to POME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Chai
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
- Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth, Centre of Excellence (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Soon-An Ong
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth, Centre of Excellence (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Nabilah Aminah Lutpi
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth, Centre of Excellence (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Sung-Ting Sam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Taweepreda Wirach
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Wei-Chin Kee
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Hwa-Chuan Khoo
- Bio Synergy Laboratories Sdn Bhd, Lot 1109, Mukim Malau, Daerah Kubang PasuJitra, 06000, Kedah, Malaysia
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Teoh TP, Koo CJ, Ho LN, Wong YS, Lutpi NA, Tan SM, Yap KL, Ong SA. Transformation from biofiltration unit to hybrid constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell: Improvement of wastewater treatment performance and energy recovery. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:59877-59890. [PMID: 37016256 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26789-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the performance of biofiltration, constructed wetland, and constructed wetland microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC). The transformation from a biofiltration unit to a hybrid CW-MFC was demonstrated with the advantages of improvement of wastewater treatment while generating electricity simultaneously. The introduction of plants to the upper region of the bioreactor enhanced the DO level by 0.8 mg/L, ammonium removal by 5 %, and COD removal by 1 %. The integration of electrodes and external circuits stimulated the degradation rate of organic matter in the anodic region (1 % without aeration and 3 % with aeration) and produced 5.13 mW/m3 of maximum power density. Artificial aeration improved the nitrification efficiency by 38 % and further removed the residual COD to an efficiency of 99 %. The maximum power density was also increased by 3.2 times (16.71 mW/m3) with the aid of aeration. In treating higher organic loading wastewater (3M), the maximum power density showed a significant increment to 78.01 mW/m3 (4.6-fold) and the COD removal efficiency was 98 %. The ohmic overpotential dominated the proportion of total loss (67-91 %), which could be ascribed to the low ionic conductivity. The reduction in activation and concentration loss contributed to the lower internal resistance with the additional aeration and higher organic loading. Overall, the transformation from biofiltration to a hybrid CW-MFC system is worthwhile since the systems quite resemble while CW-MFC could improve the wastewater treatment as well as recover energy from the treated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tean-Peng Teoh
- Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth, Centre of Excellence (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Civil Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Chong-Jing Koo
- Faculty of Civil Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Li-Ngee Ho
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth, Centre of Excellence (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Civil Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Nabilah Aminah Lutpi
- Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth, Centre of Excellence (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Civil Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Sing-Mei Tan
- Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth, Centre of Excellence (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Civil Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Kea-Lee Yap
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Soon-An Ong
- Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth, Centre of Excellence (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
- Faculty of Civil Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
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Kee WC, Wong YS, Ong SA, Lutpi NA, Sam ST, Dahalan FA, Chai A, Eng KM. Chemical and biological combined treatment for sugarcane vinasse: selection of parameters and performance studies. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:65364-65378. [PMID: 37081370 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane vinasse has been reported as a high strength industrial wastewater that could cause severe environmental pollution due to its complex and bio-refractory compounds. Thus, the combined coagulation and sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) system was employed for the sugarcane vinasse treatment. This study aims to determine the recommended conditions of various parameters under coagulation and SBBR and investigate the effectiveness of combined processes. First, the approach of the coagulation process could achieve the maximum COD reduction and decolorization efficiencies of 79.0 ± 3.4% and 94.1 ± 1.9%, respectively, under the recommended conditions. Next, SBBR as an integrated biofilm reactor showed excellent synergistic biodegradability, removing 86.6 ± 4.3% COD concentration and 94.6 ± 3.8% color concentration at 3.0 g·COD/L of substrate loading concentration. The kinetic studies of SBBR revealed that the first-order kinetic model was the best fit for COD reduction efficiency. In contrast, the second-order kinetic model was the best fit for decolorization efficiency. The SBBR reaction was further investigated by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis). In the combined processes, SBBR followed by the coagulation process (SBBR-CP) showed greater COD reduction and decolorization efficiencies (97.5 ± 0.3 and 99.4 ± 0.1%) when compared to the coagulation process followed by SBBR (CP-SBBR). This study demonstrated the removal performance and potential application of the combined sequential process to produce effluent that can be reused for bioethanol production and fertigation. This finding provides additional insight for developing effective vinasse treatment using combined chemical and biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chin Kee
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
- Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth, Centre of Excellence (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Soon-An Ong
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth, Centre of Excellence (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Nabilah Aminah Lutpi
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth, Centre of Excellence (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Sung-Ting Sam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Farrah Aini Dahalan
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth, Centre of Excellence (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Audrey Chai
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Kim-Mun Eng
- Kenep Resources (Asia) Sdn. Bhd, Taman Perindustrian Ringan Jelapang Maju, No. 31 & 33, Persiaran Jelapang Maju 2, 30020, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
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Teoh TP, Ong SA, Ho LN, Wong YS, Lutpi NA, Oon YL, Tan SM, Ong YP, Yap KL. Insights into the decolorization of mono and diazo dyes in single and binary dyes containing wastewater and electricity generation in up-flow constructed wetland coupled microbial fuel cell. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:17546-17563. [PMID: 36197611 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23101-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of single and binary azo dyes, as well as the effect of the circuit connection, aeration, and plant on the performance of UFCW-MFC, were explored in this study. The decolorization efficiency of Remazol Yellow FG (RY) (single dye: 98.2 %; binary dye: 92.3 %) was higher than Reactive Black 5 (RB5) (single: 92.3 %; binary: 86.7 %), which could be due to monoazo dye (RY) requiring fewer electrons to break the azo bond compared to the diazo dye (RB5). In contrast, the higher decolorization rate of RB5 in binary dye indicated the removal rate was affected by the electron-withdrawing groups in the dye structure. The closed circuit enhanced about 2% of color and 4% of COD removal. Aeration improved the COD removal by 6%, which could be contributed by the mineralization of intermediates. The toxicity of azo dyes was reduced by 11-26% and the degradation pathways were proposed. The dye removal by the plants was increased with a higher contact time. RB5 was more favorable to be uptook by the plant as RB5 holds a higher partial positive charge. 127.39 (RY), 125.82 (RB5), and 58.66 mW/m3 (binary) of maximum power density were generated. The lower power production in treating the binary dye could be due to more electrons being utilized for the degradation of higher dye concentration. Overall, the UFCW-MFC operated in a closed circuit, aerated, and planted conditions achieved the optimum performance in treating binary azo dyes containing wastewater (dye: 87-92%; COD: 91%) compared to the other conditions (dye: 83-92%; COD: 78-87%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tean-Peng Teoh
- Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth, Centre of Excellence (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Soon-An Ong
- Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth, Centre of Excellence (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Li-Ngee Ho
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth, Centre of Excellence (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Nabilah Aminah Lutpi
- Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth, Centre of Excellence (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yoong-Ling Oon
- Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth, Centre of Excellence (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Sing-Mei Tan
- Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth, Centre of Excellence (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yong-Por Ong
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Kea-Lee Yap
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
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Chai A, Wong YS, Ong SA, Lutpi NA, Sam ST, Kee WC, Eng KM. Kinetic model discrimination on the biogas production in thermophilic co-digestion of sugarcane vinasse and water hyacinth. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:61298-61306. [PMID: 35441287 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20251-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Co-digestion between sugarcane vinasse (Vn) and water hyacinth (WH) at various mixing ratios of 0:1, 1:0, 1:3, 3:1, and 1:1 was carried out under thermophilic conditions (55 °C) for 60 days. The effect of various mixing ratios on the pH changes, soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) reduction, and cumulative biogas production was investigated. The first order, modified Gompertz, and logistic function kinetic models were selected to fit the experimental data. Model discrimination was conducted through the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The study revealed that co-digestion shows better performance compared to the mono-digestion of both substrates. Vn:WH mixing ratio 1:1 with inoculum to substrate ratio (ISR) of 0.38 g VSinoculum/g VSsubstrate is the most favorable ratio, achieving sCOD reduction efficiency and cumulative biogas production of 71.6% and 1229 mL, respectively. Model selection through AIC revealed that ratio 1:1 was best fitted to the logistic function kinetic model (R2 = 0.9897) with Ym and K values of 1232 mL and 31 mL/day, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Chai
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
- Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth, Centre of Excellence (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Soon-An Ong
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth, Centre of Excellence (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Nabilah Aminah Lutpi
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth, Centre of Excellence (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Sung-Ting Sam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Chin Kee
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Kim-Mun Eng
- Kenep Resources (Asia) Sdn. Bhd, Taman Perindustrian Ringan Jelapang Maju, Nos. 31 & 33 Persiaran Jelapang Maju 2, 30020, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
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Lee LYK, Yeung CK, Choi CW, Leung MN, Lui SY, Tam WY, Tang KY, Wong CS, Wong YS, Yau CY, Yeung TL, Lee JKL, Chui DLK. 1039 RECEIVING ASSISTANCE FROM DOMESTIC ROBOTS: WHAT ARE ELDERS’ PREFERENCES? Age Ageing 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac126.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Aging leads to decline in physical and functional ability. Strengthening the domestic support enables elders to manage their health and living at home and reduce their need for residential service. Domestic robots can potentially provide a broad range of support to the elders. However, relatively little research attention has investigated elders’ preferences on it. This study aims to investigate elders’ preferences on receiving assistance from domestic robots.
Methods
This cross-sectional descriptive study recruited a convenient sample of 365 robotic inexperienced elders (65-99 years old). It used the Assistance Preference Checklist to assess participants’ preferences on receiving assistance from domestic robots in 48 home-based tasks under six aspects including personal care, leisure activities, health assistance, chores, information management, and manipulating objects. It used t-test and one-way analysis of variance to compare the difference in preferences between participants with different demographic and health characteristics.
Results
Overall, participants preferred domestic robots to assist in tasks under the aspect on chores, information management, and manipulating objects. Specifically, males indicated a higher preference for domestic robots to assist in maintaining lawn or raking leaves than females (p = 0.05). Married participants indicated a higher preference for domestic robots to assist in getting information on weather/news than unmarried participants (p = 0.049). In contrast, participants who were partially dependent and fully dependent indicated a higher preference for domestic robots to assist in tasks under the personal care aspect such as shaving, bathing, washing/combing hair, getting dressed, walking, and brushing teeth (p < 0.001), comparing to participants who were physically independent.
Conclusion
This study provides insight for manufacturers to develop domestic robots with specific capabilities which are important to support elders’ living in the community. Moreover, it helps the care providers to identify domestic robots with the required capabilities that meet elders’ specific preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Y K Lee
- Hong Kong Metropolitan University School of Nursing and Health Studies,
| | - C K Yeung
- Hong Kong Metropolitan University School of Nursing and Health Studies,
| | - C W Choi
- Hong Kong Metropolitan University School of Nursing and Health Studies,
| | - M N Leung
- Hong Kong Metropolitan University School of Nursing and Health Studies,
| | - S Y Lui
- Hong Kong Metropolitan University School of Nursing and Health Studies,
| | - W Y Tam
- Hong Kong Metropolitan University School of Nursing and Health Studies,
| | - K Y Tang
- Hong Kong Metropolitan University School of Nursing and Health Studies,
| | - C S Wong
- Hong Kong Metropolitan University School of Nursing and Health Studies,
| | - Y S Wong
- Hong Kong Metropolitan University School of Nursing and Health Studies,
| | - C Y Yau
- Hong Kong Metropolitan University School of Nursing and Health Studies,
| | - T L Yeung
- Hong Kong Metropolitan University School of Nursing and Health Studies,
| | - J K L Lee
- Hong Kong Metropolitan University School of Nursing and Health Studies,
| | - D L K Chui
- Hong Kong Metropolitan University School of Nursing and Health Studies,
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9
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Kee WC, Wong YS, Ong SA, Lutpi NA, Sam ST, Chai A, Eng KM. Photocatalytic Degradation of Sugarcane Vinasse Using ZnO Photocatalyst: Operating Parameters, Kinetic Studies, Phytotoxicity Assessments, and Reusability. Int J Environ Res 2022; 16:3. [PMID: 34899925 PMCID: PMC8650741 DOI: 10.1007/s41742-021-00382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Photocatalytic degradation performance is highly related to optimized operating parameters such as initial concentration, pH value, and catalyst dosage. In this study, the impact of various parameters on the photocatalytic degradation of anaerobically digested vinasse (AnVE) has been determined through decolourization and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction efficiency using zinc oxide (ZnO) photocatalyst. In this context, the application of photocatalytic degradation in treating sugarcane vinasse using ZnO is yet to be explored. The COD reduction efficiency and decolourization achieved 83.40% and 99.29%, respectively, under the conditions of 250 mg/L initial COD concentration, pH 10, and 2.0 g/L catalyst dosage. The phytotoxicity assessment was also conducted to determine the toxicity of AnVE before and after treatment using mung bean (Vigna radiata). The reduction of root length and the weight of mung bean indicated that the sugarcane vinasse contains enormous amounts of organic substances that affect the plant's growth. The toxicity reduction in the AnVE solution can be proved by UV-Vis absorption spectra. Furthermore, the catalyst recovery achieved 93% in the reusability test. However, the COD reduction efficiency and decolourization were reduced every cycle. It was due to the depletion of the active sites in the catalyst with the adsorption of organic molecules. Thus, it can be concluded that the photocatalytic degradation in the treatment of AnVE was effective in organic degradation, decolorization, toxicity reduction and can be reused after the recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chin Kee
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
- Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth, Centre of Excellence (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Soon-An Ong
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
- Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth, Centre of Excellence (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Nabilah Aminah Lutpi
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
- Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth, Centre of Excellence (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Sung-Ting Sam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Audrey Chai
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Kim-Mun Eng
- Kenep Resources (Asia) Sdn. Bhd, No. 31 & 33, Persiaran Jelapang Maju 2, Taman Perindustrian Ringan Jelapang Maju, 30020 Ipoh, Perak Malaysia
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10
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Cabezas J, Caamaño D, Melo-Báez B, Silva-Ibañez P, Poblete P, Wong YS, Rodriguez-Álvarez L. 69 DNase treatment of extracellular vesicles released by in vitro-produced bovine embryos increases accuracy of preimplantation genetic testing. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 34:270-271. [PMID: 35231324 DOI: 10.1071/rdv34n2ab69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Cabezas
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de Concepción, Chillan, Chile
| | - D Caamaño
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de Concepción, Chillan, Chile
| | - B Melo-Báez
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de Concepción, Chillan, Chile
| | - P Silva-Ibañez
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de Concepción, Chillan, Chile
| | - P Poblete
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de Concepción, Chillan, Chile
| | - Y S Wong
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de Concepción, Chillan, Chile
| | - L Rodriguez-Álvarez
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de Concepción, Chillan, Chile
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11
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Melo-Báez B, Wong YS, Mellisho EA, Aguilera C, Cabezas J, Caamaño D, Miranda-Rodriguez NN, Rodriguez-Alvarez L. 50 The characteristics and microRNA content of extracellular vesicles are modulated by embryo developmental stage during preimplantation. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 34:260. [PMID: 35231305 DOI: 10.1071/rdv34n2ab50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B Melo-Báez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillan, Región de Ñuble, Chile
| | - Y S Wong
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillan, Región de Ñuble, Chile
| | - E A Mellisho
- Centro de Investigación en Tecnología de Embriones, Facultad de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, La Molina, Perú
| | - C Aguilera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillan, Región de Ñuble, Chile
| | - J Cabezas
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillan, Región de Ñuble, Chile
| | - D Caamaño
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillan, Región de Ñuble, Chile
| | - N N Miranda-Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillan, Región de Ñuble, Chile
| | - L Rodriguez-Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillan, Región de Ñuble, Chile
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12
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Caamaño D, Cabezas J, Wong YS, Aguilera C, Veraguas D, Castro FO, Rodriguez-Alvarez L. 2 Noninvasive method for bovine embryo sexing through the analysis of DNA content in extracellular vesicles. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 34:234-235. [PMID: 35231271 DOI: 10.1071/rdv34n2ab2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Caamaño
- Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - J Cabezas
- Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Y S Wong
- Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - C Aguilera
- Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - D Veraguas
- Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - F O Castro
- Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
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13
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Yang B, Tang KK, Geng H, Lam WW, Wong YS, Huang CY, Chiu TL, Kong CW, Cheung CW, Cheung KY, Yu SK. Comparison of modeling accuracy between Radixact ®and CyberKnife ®Synchrony ®respiratory tracking system. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2021; 7. [PMID: 34416743 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ac1fa5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Synchrony Respiratory Tracking system adapted from CyberKnife has been introduced in Radixact to compensate the tumor motion caused by respiration. This study aims to compare the modeling accuracy of the Synchrony system between Radixact and CyberKnife. Two Synchrony plans based on fiducial phantoms were created for CyberKnife and Radixact, respectively. Different respiratory motion traces were used to drive a motion platform to move along the superoinferior and left-right direction. The cycle time and the amplitude of target/surrogate motion of one selected motion trace were scaled to investigate the dependence of modeling accuracy on the motion characteristic. The predicted target position, the correlation error, potential difference (Radixact only) and standard error (CyberKnife only) were extracted from raw data or log files of the two systems. The modeling accuracy was evaluated by calculating the root-mean-square (RMS) error between the predicted target positions and the input motion trace. A threshold T95 within which 95% of the potential difference or the standard error lay was defined and evaluated. Except for the motion trace with a small amplitude and a good (linear) correlation between target and surrogate motion, Radixact showed smaller RMS errors than CyberKnife. The RMS error of both systems increased with the motion amplitude and showed a decreasing trend with the increasing cycle time. No correlation was found between the RMS error and the amplitude of surrogate motion. T95 could be a good estimator of modeling accuracy for CyberKnife rather than Radixact. The correlation error defined in Radixact were largely affected by the number of fiducial markers and the setup error. In general, the modeling accuracy of the Radixact Synchrony system is better than that of the CyberKnife Synchrony system under unfavorable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Yang
- Medical Physics and Research Department, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, 2 Village Road, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - K K Tang
- Medical Physics and Research Department, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, 2 Village Road, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - H Geng
- Medical Physics and Research Department, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, 2 Village Road, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - W W Lam
- Medical Physics and Research Department, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, 2 Village Road, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - Y S Wong
- Medical Physics and Research Department, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, 2 Village Road, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - C Y Huang
- Medical Physics and Research Department, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, 2 Village Road, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - T L Chiu
- Medical Physics and Research Department, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, 2 Village Road, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - C W Kong
- Medical Physics and Research Department, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, 2 Village Road, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - C W Cheung
- Medical Physics and Research Department, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, 2 Village Road, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - K Y Cheung
- Medical Physics and Research Department, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, 2 Village Road, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - S K Yu
- Medical Physics and Research Department, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, 2 Village Road, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
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14
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Chai A, Wong YS, Ong SA, Aminah Lutpi N, Sam ST, Kee WC, Ng HH. Haldane-Andrews substrate inhibition kinetics for pilot scale thermophilic anaerobic degradation of sugarcane vinasse. Bioresour Technol 2021; 336:125319. [PMID: 34049168 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A pilot scale anaerobic degradation of sugarcane vinasse was carried out at various hydraulic retention time (HRT) in the Anaerobic Suspended Growth Closed Bioreactor (ASGCB) under thermophilic temperature. The performance and kinetics were evaluated through the Haldane-Andrews model to investigate the substrate inhibition potential of sugarcane vinasse. All parameters show great performance between HRT 35 and 25 days: chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction efficiency (81.6 to 86.8%), volatile fatty acids (VFA) reduction efficiency (92.4 to 98.5%), maximum methane yield (70%) and maximum biogas production (19.35 L/day). Furthermore, steady state values from various HRT were obtained in the kinetic evaluation for: rXmax (1.20 /day), Ks (19.95 gCOD/L), Ki (7.00 gCOD/L) and [Formula: see text] (0.33 LCH4/gCOD reduction). This study shows that anaerobic degradation of sugarcane vinasse through ASGCB could perform well at high HRT and provides a low degree of substrate inhibition as compared to existing studies from literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Chai
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia; Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth, Centre of Excellence (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Soon-An Ong
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia; Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth, Centre of Excellence (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Nabilah Aminah Lutpi
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia; Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth, Centre of Excellence (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Sung-Ting Sam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Chin Kee
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Hock-Hoo Ng
- Fermpro Sdn Bhd, Lot 2 Kawasan Perindustrian Chuping, 02450 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
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15
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Pang H, Wong YS, Yip B, Hung A, Chu W, Lai K, Zheng YP, Chung T, Sharma G, Cheng J, Lam TP. Using ultrasound for screening scoliosis to reduce unnecessary radiographic radiation - a prospective diagnostic accuracy study on 442 schoolchildren. Stud Health Technol Inform 2021; 280:106-108. [PMID: 34190069 DOI: 10.3233/shti210445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Scoliosis screening is important for timely initiation of brace treatment to mitigate curve progression in skeletally immature children. Scoliosis screening programs frequently include the protocol of referring children screened positive with Scoliometer and Moiré Topography for confirmatory standard radiography. Despite being highly sensitive (88%) for detecting those who require specialist referral, the screening program was found to have more than 50% false positive rate that leads to unnecessary radiation exposure. Radiation-free ultrasound has been reported to be reliable for quantitative assessment of scoliosis curves. The aim of this prospective diagnostic accuracy study was to determine the accuracy of ultrasound in determining the referral status for children initially screened positive for scoliosis. 442 schoolchildren with a mean Cobb angle of 14.0 ± 6.6° were recruited. Using x-ray as the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound in predicting the correct referral status were 92.3% and 51.6% respectively. ROC curve analysis revealed an area under curve of 0.735 for ultrasound alone and 0.832 for ultrasound plus scoliometer measurement. The finding provided strong evidences on the accuracy of ultrasound in determining the referral status that could result in more than 50% reduction of unnecessary radiation exposure for children undergoing scoliosis screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Y S Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Bhk Yip
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Alh Hung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Wcw Chu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Kkl Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Y P Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Twh Chung
- Student Health Service, Department of Health, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - G Sharma
- Student Health Service, Department of Health, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Jcy Cheng
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research Lab, Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - T P Lam
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research Lab, Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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16
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Yang B, Wong YS, Lam WW, Geng H, Huang CY, Tang KK, Law WK, Ho CC, Nam PH, Cheung KY, Yu SK. Initial clinical experience of patient-specific QA of treatment delivery in online adaptive radiotherapy using a 1.5 T MR-Linac. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2021; 7. [PMID: 33882471 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/abfa80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. This study aims to evaluate the performance of a commercial 1.5 T MR-Linac by analyzing its patient-specific quality assurance (QA) data collected during one full year of clinical operation.Methods and Materials. The patient-specific QA system consisted of offline delivery QA (DQA) and online calculation-based QA. Offline DQA was based on ArcCHECK-MR combined with an ionization chamber. Online QA was performed using RadCalc that calculated and compared the point dose calculation with the treatment planning system (TPS). A total of 24 patients with 189 treatment fractions were enrolled in this study. Gamma analysis was performed and the threshold that encompassed 95% of QA results (T95) was reported. The plan complexity metric was calculated for each plan and compared with the dose measurements to determine whether any correlation existed.Results. All point dose measurements were within 5% deviation. The mean gamma passing rates of the group data were found to be 96.8 ± 4.0% and 99.6 ± 0.7% with criteria of 2%/2mm and 3%/3mm, respectively. T95 of 87.4% and 98.2% was reported for the overall group with the two passing criteria, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between adaptive treatments with adapt-to-position (ATP) and adapt-to-shape (ATS), whilst the category of pelvis data showed a better passing rate than other sites. Online QA gave a mean deviation of 0.2 ± 2.2%. The plan complexity metric was positively correlated with the mean dose difference whilst the complexity of the ATS cohort had larger variations than the ATP cohort.Conclusions. A patient-specific QA system based on ArcCHECK-MR, solid phantom and ionization chamber has been well established and implemented for validation of treatment delivery of a 1.5 T MR-Linac. Our QA data obtained over one year confirms that good agreement between TPS calculation and treatment delivery was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Yang
- Medical Physics and Research Department, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, 2 Village Road, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - Y S Wong
- Medical Physics and Research Department, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, 2 Village Road, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - W W Lam
- Medical Physics and Research Department, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, 2 Village Road, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - H Geng
- Medical Physics and Research Department, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, 2 Village Road, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - C Y Huang
- Medical Physics and Research Department, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, 2 Village Road, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - K K Tang
- Medical Physics and Research Department, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, 2 Village Road, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - W K Law
- Medical Physics and Research Department, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, 2 Village Road, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - C C Ho
- Medical Physics and Research Department, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, 2 Village Road, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - P H Nam
- Medical Physics and Research Department, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, 2 Village Road, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - K Y Cheung
- Medical Physics and Research Department, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, 2 Village Road, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - S K Yu
- Medical Physics and Research Department, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, 2 Village Road, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
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17
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Li FL, Zhong L, Wen W, Tian TT, Li HC, Cheung SG, Wong YS, Shin PKS, Zhou HC, Tam NFY, Song X. Do distribution and expansion of exotic invasive Asteraceae plants relate to leaf construction cost in a man-made wetland? Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 163:111958. [PMID: 33444997 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exotic species especially Asteraceae plants severely invade wetlands in Shenzhen Bay, an important part of the coast wetland in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Bay Area, China. However, the reasons causing their expansion are unclear. The leaf traits and expansion indices of six invasive Asteraceae plants from the Overseas Chinese Town (OCT) wetland were studied and the results showed that nearly 45% of the total plant species (31 out of 69 species) in the OCT wetland, belonging to 15 families and 27 genera, were exotic invasive species. The expansion indices of six Asteraceae species negatively correlated with their leaf construction cost based on mass (CCM), caloric values and carbon concentration, but their relations with ash content were positive. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that CCM was the most important factor affecting the expansion of an exotic species, indicating CCM may be an important reason causing the expansion of exotic species in coastal wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Li
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Futian-CityU Mangrove Research and Development Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - L Zhong
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - W Wen
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - T T Tian
- Futian-CityU Mangrove Research and Development Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - H C Li
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - S G Cheung
- Futian-CityU Mangrove Research and Development Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Y S Wong
- Futian-CityU Mangrove Research and Development Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Science and Technology, Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - P K S Shin
- Futian-CityU Mangrove Research and Development Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - H C Zhou
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Futian-CityU Mangrove Research and Development Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - N F Y Tam
- Futian-CityU Mangrove Research and Development Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - X Song
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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18
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Khalik WF, Ho LN, Ong SA, Wong YS, Yusoff NA, Lee SL. Revealing the influences of functional groups in azo dyes on the degradation efficiency and power output in solar photocatalytic fuel cell. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2020; 18:769-777. [PMID: 33312601 PMCID: PMC7721973 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00502-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the degradation efficiency and electricity generation of the azo dyes affected by the functional groups and molecular structure in a solar photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) system were investigated and discussed in detail. Four different azo dyes such as, Acid Orange 7 (AO7), Acid Red 18 (AR18), Reactive Black 5 (RB5), Reactive Red 120 (RR120) with different molecular structure were evaluated. The degradation efficiency of AO7, AR18, RB5 and RR120 achieved 5.6 ± 0.3%, 11.1 ± 0.6%, 41.9 ± 0.9% and 52.1 ± 1.3%, respectively, after 6 h irradiated under solar light. In addition, the maximum power density, Pmax for AO7, AR18, RB5 and RR120 was 0.0269 ± 0.01, 0.111 ± 0.03, 1.665 ± 0.67 and 4.806 ± 1.79 mW cm-2, respectively. Meanwhile, the concentration of COD for AO7, AR18, RB5 and RR120 reduced to 16 ± 0.1, 10 ± 0.3, 7 ± 0.6 and 3 ± 0.9 mg L-1, respectively. The concentration ratio of benzene / naphthalene, benzene / azo bond and naphthalene / azo bond, respectively, was analyzed to investigate the impact of the functional groups over photodegradation of the azo dyes in PFC. Electron releasing groups (-OH and -NH2) and electron withdrawing groups (-SO3Na) which attached to the naphthalene or benzene ring also played a pivotal role in the degradation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Fadhilah Khalik
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis Malaysia
| | - Li-Ngee Ho
- Centre of Excellence for Frontier Materials Research, School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis Malaysia
| | - Soon-An Ong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis Malaysia
| | - Nik Athirah Yusoff
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis Malaysia
| | - Sin-Li Lee
- Centre of Excellence for Frontier Materials Research, School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis Malaysia
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19
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Tan SM, Ong SA, Ho LN, Wong YS, Thung WE, Teoh TP. The reaction of wastewater treatment and power generation of single chamber microbial fuel cell against substrate concentration and anode distributions. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2020; 18:793-807. [PMID: 33312603 PMCID: PMC7721755 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00504-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated the effectiveness of single chamber up-flow membrane-less microbial fuel cell (UFML-MFC) in wastewater treatment concurrently with bioelectricity generation. The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of influent substrate concentration (0.405 g/L, 0.810 g/L, 1.215 g/L, 1.620 g/L), anode distributions (11 cm, 17 cm, 23 cm ) and surface morphologies for biofilm formation on the performance of wastewater treatment and power generation. The optimum performance was obtained with substrate concentration of 0.810 g/L. The COD removal efficiency, output voltage, internal resistance, power density and current density obtained were 84.64%, 610 mV, 200 Ω, 162.59 mW/m2 and 468.74 mA/m2, respectively. The Coulombic Efficiency (CE), Normalized Energy Recovery (NERS and NERv) were 1.03%, 789.38 kWh/kg COD and 22.56 kWh/m3, respectively. The results also indicate that the output voltage and power generation obtained in a continuous up-flow MFC were higher with A3 (23 cm), which is of larger electrodes spacing followed by A2 (17 cm) and A1 (11 cm) caused by the enrichment of anaerobic microbial population at A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sing-Mei Tan
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis Malaysia
| | - Soon-An Ong
- School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis Malaysia
| | - Li-Ngee Ho
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis Malaysia
| | - Wei-Eng Thung
- Faculty of Engineering, Technology & Built Environment, UCSI University, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tean-Peng Teoh
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis Malaysia
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20
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Ashah MA, Lutpi NA, Wong YS, Ong SA, Malek MA. Study on biohydrogen production using different type of carrier materials in attached growth system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/476/1/012105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Oon YL, Ong SA, Ho LN, Wong YS, Dahalan FA, Oon YS, Teoh TP, Lehl HK, Thung WE. Constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell for azo dyes degradation and energy recovery: Influence of molecular structure, kinetics, mechanisms and degradation pathways. Sci Total Environ 2020; 720:137370. [PMID: 32325554 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Complete degradation of azo dye has always been a challenge due to the refractory nature of azo dye. An innovative hybrid system, constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC) was developed for simultaneous azo dye remediation and energy recovery. This study investigated the effect of circuit connection and the influence of azo dye molecular structures on the degradation rate of azo dye and bioelectricity generation. The closed circuit system exhibited higher chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and decolourisation efficiencies compared to the open circuit system. The wastewater treatment performances of different operating systems were ranked in the decreasing order of CW-MFC (R1 planted-closed circuit) > MFC (R2 plant-free-closed circuit) > CW (R1 planted-open circuit) > bioreactor (R2 plant-free-open circuit). The highest decolourisation rate was achieved by Acid Red 18 (AR18), 96%, followed by Acid Orange 7 (AO7), 67% and Congo Red (CR), 60%. The voltage outputs of the three azo dyes were ranked in the decreasing order of AR18 > AO7 > CR. The results disclosed that the decolourisation performance was significantly influenced by the azo dye structure and the moieties at the proximity of azo bond; the naphthol type azo dye with a lower number of azo bond and more electron-withdrawing groups could cause azo bond to be more electrophilic and more reductive for decolourisation. Moreover, the degradation pathway of AR18, AO7 and CR were elucidated based on the respective dye intermediate products identified through UV-Vis spectrophotometry, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analyses. The CW-MFC system demonstrated high capability of decolouring azo dyes at the anaerobic anodic region and further mineralising dye intermediates at the aerobic cathodic region to less harmful or non-toxic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoong-Ling Oon
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Soon-An Ong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Li-Ngee Ho
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Farrah Aini Dahalan
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yoong-Sin Oon
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Tean-Peng Teoh
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Harvinder Kaur Lehl
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Eng Thung
- Faculty of Engineering, Technology & Built Environment, UCSI University, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- W Xue
- Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - C Lam
- Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - H H Yeung
- Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - C S Wong
- Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - V L Y Chan
- Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Y S Wong
- Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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23
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Li FL, Zhong L, Cheung SG, Wong YS, Shin PKS, Lei AP, Zhou HC, Song X, Tam NFY. Is Laguncularia racemosa more invasive than Sonneratia apetala in northern Fujian, China in terms of leaf energetic cost? Mar Pollut Bull 2020; 152:110897. [PMID: 31957670 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Laguncularia racemosa and Sonneratia apetala are fast-growing exotic mangrove species in Southern China and widely used for afforestation. However, the invasiveness of the two exotic species is still unclear. We compared structural and physiological traits and energy-use related traits between L. racemosa and S. apetala, and with two natives (Kandelia obovata and Aegiceras corniculatum) in northern Fujian. Results showed that leaf construction cost based on mass (CCM) and caloric values of L. racemosa were significantly lower than S. apetala, and the two natives had highest CCM. Because lower CCM, L. racemosa grew faster with a taller height (4.83 m) and wider ground diameter circumference (40.03 cm) than S. apetala (4.43 m tall and 35.63 cm wide) and the two natives (2.42 m tall and 26.78 cm wide). These findings indicated that L. racemosa could be more invasive than S. apetala in mangrove forests in northern Fujian, China where it still grew well, which deserves more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Li
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Futian-CityU Mangrove Research and Development Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - L Zhong
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - S G Cheung
- Futian-CityU Mangrove Research and Development Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Y S Wong
- Futian-CityU Mangrove Research and Development Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Science and Technology, Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - P K S Shin
- Futian-CityU Mangrove Research and Development Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - A P Lei
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - H C Zhou
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Futian-CityU Mangrove Research and Development Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - X Song
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - N F Y Tam
- Futian-CityU Mangrove Research and Development Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Yusoff N, Ong SA, Ho LN, Wong YS, Saad FNM, Khalik W, Lee SL. Performance of the hybrid growth sequencing batch reactor (HG-SBR) for biodegradation of phenol under various toxicity conditions. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 75:64-72. [PMID: 30473308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid growth microorganisms in sequencing batch reactors have proven effective for treating the toxic compound phenol, but the toxicity effect under different toxicity conditions has rarely been discussed. Therefore, the performance of the HG-SBR under toxic, acute and chronic organic loading can provide the overall operating conditions of the system. Toxic organic loading (TOL) was monitored during the first 7hr while introducing 50mg/L phenol to the system. The system was adversely affected with the sudden introduction of phenol to the virgin activated sludge, which caused a low degradation rate and high dissolved oxygen consumption during TOL. Acute organic loading (AOL) had significant effects at high phenol concentrations (600, 800 1000mg/L). The specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) gradually decreased to 4.9mg O2/(g MLVSS·hr) at 1000mg/L of phenol compared to 12.74mg O2/(g MLVSS·hr) for 200mg/L of phenol. The HG-SBR was further monitored during chronic organic loading (COL) over 67days. The effects of organic loading were more apparent at 800mg/L and 1000mg/L phenol concentrations, as the removal range was between 22%-30% and 18%-46% respectively, which indicated the severe effects of COL.
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Affiliation(s)
- NikAthirah Yusoff
- School of Environmental Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Soon-An Ong
- School of Environmental Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Li-Ngee Ho
- School of Materials Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- School of Environmental Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Farah Naemah Mohd Saad
- School of Environmental Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - WanFadhilah Khalik
- School of Environmental Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Sin-Li Lee
- School of Materials Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
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25
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Khalik WF, Ho LN, Ong SA, Voon CH, Wong YS, Yusuf SY, Yusoff NA, Lee SL. Enhancement of simultaneous batik wastewater treatment and electricity generation in photocatalytic fuel cell. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:35164-35175. [PMID: 30328543 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3414-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate several operating parameters, such as open circuit, different external resistance, pH, supporting electrolyte, and presence of aeration that might enhance the degradation rate as well as electricity generation of batik wastewater in solar photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC). The optimum degradation of batik wastewater was at pH 9 with external resistor 250 Ω. It was observed that open circuit of PFC showed only 17.2 ± 7.5% of removal efficiency, meanwhile the degradation rate of batik wastewater was enhanced to 31.9 ± 15.0% for closed circuit with external resistor 250 Ω. The decolorization of batik wastewater in the absence of photocatalyst due to the absorption of light irradiation by dye molecules and this process was known as photolysis. The degradation of batik wastewater increased as the external resistor value decreased. In addition, the degradation rate of batik wastewater also increased at pH 9 which was 74.4 ± 34.9% and at pH 3, its degradation rate was reduced to 19.4 ± 8.7%. The presence of aeration and sodium chloride as supporting electrolyte in batik wastewater also affected its degradation and electricity generation. The maximum absorbance of wavelength (λmax) of batik wastewater at 535 nm and chemical oxygen demand gradually decreased as increased in irradiation time; however, batik wastewater required prolonged irradiation time to fully degrade and mineralize in PFC system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Fadhilah Khalik
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Li-Ngee Ho
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Soon-An Ong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Chun-Hong Voon
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Sara Yasina Yusuf
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Nik Athirah Yusoff
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Sin-Li Lee
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
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26
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Lee SL, Ho LN, Ong SA, Wong YS, Voon CH, Khalik WF, Yusoff NA, Nordin N. Exploring the relationship between molecular structure of dyes and light sources for photodegradation and electricity generation in photocatalytic fuel cell. Chemosphere 2018; 209:935-943. [PMID: 30114743 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactive green 19, acid orange 7 and methylene blue are employed as the organic pollutants in this work. A photocatalytic fuel cell is constructed based on the idea of immobilizing zinc oxide onto zinc photoanode and platinum loaded carbon cathode, both evaluated under sunlight and ultraviolet irradiation, respectively. Influence of light and dye structures on the performance of photocatalytic fuel cell are examined. With reactive green 19, 93% and 86% of color removal are achieved after 8 h of photocatalytic fuel cell treatment under sunlight and ultraviolet irradiation, respectively. The decolorization rate of diazo reactive green 19 is higher than acid orange 7 (monoazo dye) when both dyes are treated by photocatalytic fuel cell under sunlight and ultraviolet irradiation, as the electron releasing groups (-NH-triazine) allow reactive green 19 easier to be oxidized. Comparatively, acid orange 7 is less favorable to be oxidized. The degradation of methylene blue is enhanced under sunlight irradiation due to the occurrence of self-sensitized photodegradation. When methylene blue is employed in the photocatalytic fuel cell under sunlight irradiation, the short circuit current (0.0129 mA cm-2) and maximum power density (0.0032 mW cm-2) of photocatalytic fuel cell greatly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Li Lee
- Center for Frontier Materials Research, School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Li-Ngee Ho
- Center for Frontier Materials Research, School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Soon-An Ong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Chun-Hong Voon
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Wan Fadhilah Khalik
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Nik Athirah Yusoff
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Noradiba Nordin
- Center for Frontier Materials Research, School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
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Oon YL, Ong SA, Ho LN, Wong YS, Dahalan FA, Oon YS, Lehl HK, Thung WE, Nordin N. Up-flow constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell for azo dye, saline, nitrate remediation and bioelectricity generation: From waste to energy approach. Bioresour Technol 2018; 266:97-108. [PMID: 29957296 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the influence of azo dye concentration, salinity (with and without aeration) and nitrate concentration on bioelectricity generation and treatment performance in the up-flow constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell (UFCW-MFC) system. The decolourisation efficiencies were up to 91% for 500 mg/L of Acid Red 18 (AR18). However, the power density declined with the increment in azo dye concentration. The results suggest that the combination of salinity and aeration at an optimum level improved the power performance. The highest power density achieved was 8.67 mW/m2. The increase of nitrate by 3-fold led to decrease in decolourisation and power density of the system. The findings revealed that the electron acceptors (AR18, nitrate and anode) competed at the anodic region for electrons and the electron transfer pathways would directly influence the treatment and power performance of UFCW-MFC. The planted UFCW-MFC significantly outweighed the plant-free control in power performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoong-Ling Oon
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Soon-An Ong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Li-Ngee Ho
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Farrah Aini Dahalan
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yoong-Sin Oon
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Harvinder Kaur Lehl
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Eng Thung
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Noradiba Nordin
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
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Khalik WF, Ho LN, Ong SA, Voon CH, Wong YS, Yusuf SY, Yusoff N, Lee SL. Reactive Black 5 as electron donor and/or electron acceptor in dual chamber of solar photocatalytic fuel cell. Chemosphere 2018; 202:467-475. [PMID: 29579681 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of azo dye Reactive Black 5 (RB5) as an electron donor and/or electron acceptor could be distinguished in dual chamber of photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC). The introduction of RB5 in anode chamber increased the voltage generation in the system since degradation of RB5 might produce electrons which also would transfer through external circuit to the cathode chamber. The removal efficiency of RB5 with open and closed circuit was 8.5% and 13.6%, respectively and removal efficiency for open circuit was low due to the fact that recombination of electron-hole pairs might happen in anode chamber since without connection to the cathode, electron cannot be transferred. The degradation of RB5 in cathode chamber with absence of oxygen showed that electrons from anode chamber was accepted by dye molecules to break its azo bond. The presence of oxygen in cathode chamber would improve the oxygen reduction rate which occurred at Platinum-loaded carbon (Pt/C) cathode electrode. The Voc, Jsc and Pmax for different condition of ultrapure water at cathode chamber also affected their fill factor. The transportation of protons to cathode chamber through Nafion membrane could decrease the pH of ultrapure water in cathode chamber and undergo hydrogen evolution reaction in the absence of oxygen which then increased degradation rate of RB5 as well as its electricity generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Fadhilah Khalik
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Li-Ngee Ho
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Soon-An Ong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Chun-Hong Voon
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Sara Yasina Yusuf
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - NikAthirah Yusoff
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Sin-Li Lee
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
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Wong YS, Pang KK, Tam YH. Hypospadias surgery in children: improved service model of enhanced recovery pathway and dedicated surgical team. Hong Kong Med J 2018; 24:238-244. [PMID: 29807948 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj177039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Children in Hong Kong are generally hospitalised for 1 to 2 weeks after hypospadias repairs. In July 2013, we introduced a new service model that featured an enhanced recovery pathway and a dedicated surgical team responsible for all perioperative services. In this study, we investigated the outcomes of hypospadias repair after the introduction of the new service model. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study on consecutive children who underwent primary hypospadias repair from January 2006 to August 2016, comparing patients under the old service with those under the new service. Outcome measures included early morbidity, operative success, and completion of enhanced recovery pathway. RESULTS The old service and new service cohorts comprised 176 and 126 cases, respectively. There was no difference between the two cohorts in types of hypospadias and surgical procedures performed. The median hospital stay was 2 days in the new service cohort compared with 10 days in the old service cohort (P<0.001). Patients experienced less early morbidity (5.6% vs 15.9%; P=0.006) and had a lower operative failure rate (20.2% vs 44.2%; P<0.001) under the new service than the old service. Multivariable analysis revealed that the new service significantly reduced the odds of early morbidity (odds ratio=0.35, 95% confidence interval=0.15-0.85; P=0.02) and operative failure (odds ratio=0.32, 95% confidence interval=0.17-0.59; P<0.001) in comparison with the old service. Of the new service cohort, 111(88.1%) patients successfully completed the enhanced recovery pathway. CONCLUSIONS The enhanced recovery pathway can be implemented safely and effectively to primary hypospadias repair. A dedicated surgical team may play an important role in successful implementation of the enhanced recovery pathway and optimisation of surgical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Wong
- Division of Paediatric Surgery and Paediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - K K Pang
- Division of Paediatric Surgery and Paediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Y H Tam
- Division of Paediatric Surgery and Paediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Thung WE, Ong SA, Ho LN, Wong YS, Ridwan F, Oon YL, Oon YS, Lehl HK. Sustainable green technology on wastewater treatment: The evaluation of enhanced single chambered up-flow membrane-less microbial fuel cell. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 66:295-300. [PMID: 29628097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated the potential of single chamber up-flow membrane-less microbial fuel cell (UFML-MFC) in wastewater treatment and power generation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and enhance the performance under different operational conditions which affect the chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction and power generation, including the increase of KCl concentration (MFC1) and COD concentration (MFC2). The results showed that the increase of KCl concentration is an important factor in up-flow membrane-less MFC to enhance the ease of electron transfer from anode to cathode. The increase of COD concentration in MFC2 could led to the drop of voltage output due to the prompt of biofilm growth in MFC2 cathode which could increase the internal resistance. It also showed that the COD concentration is a vital issue in up-flow membrane-less MFC. Despite the COD reduction was up to 96%, the power output remained constrained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Eng Thung
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Soon-An Ong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Li-Ngee Ho
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Fahmi Ridwan
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yoong-Ling Oon
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yoong-Sin Oon
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Harvinder Kaur Lehl
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
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Lee SL, Ho LN, Ong SA, Wong YS, Voon CH, Khalik WF, Yusoff NA, Nordin N. Role of dissolved oxygen on the degradation mechanism of Reactive Green 19 and electricity generation in photocatalytic fuel cell. Chemosphere 2018; 194:675-681. [PMID: 29247929 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a membraneless photocatalytic fuel cell with zinc oxide loaded carbon photoanode and platinum loaded carbon cathode was constructed to investigate the impact of dissolved oxygen on the mechanism of dye degradation and electricity generation of photocatalytic fuel cell. The photocatalytic fuel cell with high and low aeration rate, no aeration and nitrogen purged were investigated, respectively. The degradation rate of diazo dye Reactive Green 19 and the electricity generation was enhanced in photocatalytic fuel cell with higher dissolved oxygen concentration. However, the photocatalytic fuel cell was still able to perform 37% of decolorization in a slow rate (k = 0.033 h-1) under extremely low dissolved oxygen concentration (approximately 0.2 mg L-1) when nitrogen gas was introduced into the fuel cell throughout the 8 h. However, the change of the UV-Vis spectrum indicates that the intermediates of the dye could not be mineralized under insufficient dissolved oxygen level. In the aspect of electricity generation, the maximum short circuit current (0.0041 mA cm-2) and power density (0.00028 mW cm-2) of the air purged photocatalytic fuel cell was obviously higher than that with nitrogen purging (0.0015 mA cm-2 and 0.00008 mW cm-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Li Lee
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Li-Ngee Ho
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Soon-An Ong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Chun-Hong Voon
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Wan Fadhilah Khalik
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Nik Athirah Yusoff
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Noradiba Nordin
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
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Lau YY, Wong YS, Ang TZ, Ong SA, Lutpi NA, Ho LN. Degradation reaction of Diazo reactive black 5 dye with copper (II) sulfate catalyst in thermolysis treatment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:7067-7075. [PMID: 29275478 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The theme of present research demonstrates performance of copper (II) sulfate (CuSO4) as catalyst in thermolysis process to treat reactive black 5 (RB 5) dye. During thermolysis without presence of catalyst, heat was converted to thermal energy to break the enthalpy of chemical structure bonding and only 31.62% of color removal. With CuSO4 support as auxiliary agent, the thermally cleaved molecular structure was further destabilized and reacted with CuSO4. Copper ions functioned to delocalize the coordination of π of the lone paired electron in azo bond, C=C bond of the sp2 carbon to form C-C of the sp3 amorphous carbon in benzene and naphthalene. Further, the radicals of unpaired electrons were stabilized and RB 5 was thermally decomposed to methyl group. Zeta potential measurement was carried out to analyze the mechanism of RB 5 degradation and measurement at 0 mV verified the critical chemical concentration (CCC) (0.7 g/L copper (II) sulfate), as the maximum 92.30% color removal. The presence of copper (II) sulfate catalyst has remarkably increase the RB 5 dye degradation as the degradation rate constant without catalyst, k1 is 6.5224 whereas the degradation rate constant with catalyst, k2 is 25.6810. This revealed the correlation of conversion of thermal energy from heat to break the chemical bond strength, subsequent fragmentation of RB 5 dye molecular mediated by copper (II) sulfate catalyst. The novel framework on thermolysis degradation of molecular structure of RB 5 with respect to the bond enthalpy and interfacial intermediates decomposition with catalyst reaction were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Yie Lau
- School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 3, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 3, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Tze-Zhang Ang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 3, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Soon-An Ong
- School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 3, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Nabilah Aminah Lutpi
- School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 3, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Li-Ngee Ho
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 3, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
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Tian T, Tam NFY, Zan Q, Cheung SG, Shin PKS, Wong YS, Zhang L, Chen Z. Performance and bacterial community structure of a 10-years old constructed mangrove wetland. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 124:1096-1105. [PMID: 28711288 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Constructed mangrove wetland has been used for wastewater treatment but its long-term performance has not been reported. One-year monitoring of a 10-years old horizontal subsurface-flow constructed mangrove wetland consisting of three belts, two with mangrove plants and one without, revealed that the system maintained high and stable removal percentages of organic matter and nutrients, and planted belts performed better than unplanted control. Substrates in belts planted with Aegiceras corniculatum or Kandelia obovata had higher abundance of ammonifiers, nitrifiers and denitrifiers but lower total heterotrophic bacteria than unplanted substrate. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis showed that microbial diversity in planted substrate was significantly lower than that in unplanted one. The bacteria in substrates, irrespective to belts, were phylogenetically related to Proteobacteria (most dominant), Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, Nitrospirae, Gemmatimonadetes, Chloroflexi and Cyanobacteria. The steady performance of this 10-year old constructed mangrove wetland was affected by the abundance and diversity of bacterial community in substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Tian
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Futian-CityU Mangrove Research and Development Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nora F Y Tam
- Futian-CityU Mangrove Research and Development Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China; Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Qijie Zan
- Guangdong Neilingding Futian National Nature Reserve, Shenzhen, China
| | - S G Cheung
- Futian-CityU Mangrove Research and Development Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China; Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul K S Shin
- Futian-CityU Mangrove Research and Development Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China; Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Y S Wong
- School of Science and Technology, Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Futian-CityU Mangrove Research and Development Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhanghe Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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Khalik WF, Ho LN, Ong SA, Voon CH, Wong YS, Yusoff N, Lee SL, Yusuf SY. Optimization of degradation of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and electricity generation in solar photocatalytic fuel cell system. Chemosphere 2017; 184:112-119. [PMID: 28586651 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) system was developed in order to study the effect of several operating parameters in degradation of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and its electricity generation. Light irradiation, initial dye concentration, aeration, pH and cathode electrode are the operating parameters that might give contribution in the efficiency of PFC system. The degradation of RB5 depends on the presence of light irradiation and solar light gives better performance to degrade the azo dye. The azo dye with low initial concentration decolorizes faster compared to higher initial concentration and presence of aeration in PFC system would enhance its performance. Reactive Black 5 rapidly decreased at higher pH due to the higher amount of OH generated at higher pH and Pt-loaded carbon (Pt/C) was more suitable to be used as cathode in PFC system compared to Cu foil and Fe foil. The rapid decolorization of RB5 would increase their voltage output and in addition, it would also increase their Voc, Jsc and Pmax. The breakage of azo bond and aromatic rings was confirmed through UV-Vis spectrum and COD analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Fadhilah Khalik
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, 02600, Malaysia
| | - Li-Ngee Ho
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, 02600, Malaysia.
| | - Soon-An Ong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, 02600, Malaysia
| | - Chun-Hong Voon
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, 02600, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, 02600, Malaysia
| | - NikAthirah Yusoff
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, 02600, Malaysia
| | - Sin-Li Lee
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, 02600, Malaysia
| | - Sara Yasina Yusuf
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, 02600, Malaysia
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Nordin N, Ho LN, Ong SA, Ibrahim AH, Wong YS, Lee SL, Oon YS, Oon YL. Influence of Amaranth dye concentration on the efficiency of hybrid system of photocatalytic fuel cell and Fenton process. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:23331-23340. [PMID: 28840563 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9964-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel sustainable hybrid system of photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) and Fenton process is an alternative wastewater treatment technology for energy-saving and efficient treatment of organic pollutants. The electrons generated from PFC photoanode are used to produce H2O2 in the Fenton reactor and react with the in situ generation of Fe2+ from sacrificial iron for hydroxyl radical formation. In this study, the effect of different initial Amaranth dye concentrations on degradation and electricity generation were investigated. ZnO/Zn photoanode was prepared by anodizing method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results revealed that the maximum power density (9.53 mW/m2) and current density (0.0178 mA/m2) were achieved at 10 mg/L of Amaranth. The correlation between dye degradation, voltage output, and kinetic photocatalytic degradation were also investigated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noradiba Nordin
- School of Material Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Li-Ngee Ho
- School of Material Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Soon-An Ong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Haqi Ibrahim
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Sin-Li Lee
- School of Material Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yoong-Sin Oon
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yoong-Ling Oon
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
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Lehl HK, Ong SA, Ho LN, Wong YS, Saad FNM, Oon YL, Oon YS, Thung WE, Yong CY. Decolorization and mineralization of Amaranth dye using multiple zoned aerobic and anaerobic baffled constructed wetland. Int J Phytoremediation 2017; 19:725-731. [PMID: 28448169 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2017.1284748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to determine the reduction efficiency of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) as well as the removal of color and Amaranth dye metabolites by the Aerobic-anaerobic Baffled Constructed Wetland Reactor (ABCW). The ABCW reactor was planted with common reed (Phragmite australis) where the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was set to 1 day and was fed with synthetic wastewater with the addition of Amaranth dye. Supplementary aeration was supplied in designated compartments of the ABCW reactor to control the aerobic and anaerobic zones. After Amaranth dye addition the COD reduction efficiency dropped from 98 to 91% while the color removal efficiency was 100%. Degradation of azo bond in Amaranth dye is shown by the UV-Vis spectrum analysis which demonstrates partial degradation of Amaranth dye metabolites. The performance of the baffled unit is due to the longer pathway as there is the up-flow and down-flow condition sequentially, thus allowing more contact of the wastewater with the rhizomes and micro-aerobic zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvinder Kaur Lehl
- a Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering , Universiti Malaysia Perlis , Perlis , Malaysia
| | - Soon-An Ong
- a Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering , Universiti Malaysia Perlis , Perlis , Malaysia
| | - Li-Ngee Ho
- b School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis , Perlis , Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- a Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering , Universiti Malaysia Perlis , Perlis , Malaysia
| | - Farah Naemah Mohd Saad
- a Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering , Universiti Malaysia Perlis , Perlis , Malaysia
| | - Yoong-Ling Oon
- a Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering , Universiti Malaysia Perlis , Perlis , Malaysia
| | - Yoong-Sin Oon
- a Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering , Universiti Malaysia Perlis , Perlis , Malaysia
| | - Wei-Eng Thung
- a Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering , Universiti Malaysia Perlis , Perlis , Malaysia
| | - Chin-Yii Yong
- a Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering , Universiti Malaysia Perlis , Perlis , Malaysia
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Lau YY, Wong YS, Ong SA, Ho LN, Hussin K, Lutpi NA. Intermolecular mechanistic treatment of recalcitrant environmental pollutants: Azo, benzene, naphthalene and vinyl sulfone. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Oon YS, Ong SA, Ho LN, Wong YS, Oon YL, Lehl HK, Thung WE, Nordin N. Microbial fuel cell operation using monoazo and diazo dyes as terminal electron acceptor for simultaneous decolourisation and bioelectricity generation. J Hazard Mater 2017; 325:170-177. [PMID: 27931001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Monoazo and diazo dyes [New coccine (NC), Acid orange 7 (AO7), Reactive red 120 (RR120) and Reactive green 19 (RG19)] were employed as electron acceptors in the abiotic cathode of microbial fuel cell. The electrons and protons generated from microbial organic oxidation at the anode which were utilized for electrochemical azo dye reduction at the cathodic chamber was successfully demonstrated. When NC was employed as the electron acceptor, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and dye decolourisation efficiencies obtained at the anodic and cathodic chamber were 73±3% and 95.1±1.1%, respectively. This study demonstrated that the decolourisation rates of monoazo dyes were ∼50% higher than diazo dyes. The maximum power density in relation to NC decolourisation was 20.64mW/m2, corresponding to current density of 120.24mA/m2. The decolourisation rate and power output of different azo dyes were in the order of NC>AO7>RR120>RG19. The findings revealed that the structure of dye influenced the decolourisation and power performance of MFC. Azo dye with electron-withdrawing group at para substituent to azo bond would draw electrons from azo bond; hence the azo dye became more electrophilic and more favourable for dye reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoong-Sin Oon
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Soon-An Ong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Li-Ngee Ho
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yoong-Ling Oon
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Harvinder Kaur Lehl
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Eng Thung
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Noradiba Nordin
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
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Yusoff N, Ho LN, Ong SA, Wong YS, Khalik W, Ridzwan MF. Enhanced Photodegradation of Phenol by ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized through Sol-gel Method. SAINS MALAYS 2017. [DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2017-4612-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lee SL, Ho LN, Ong SA, Wong YS, Voon CH, Khalik WF, Yusoff NA, Nordin N. A highly efficient immobilized ZnO/Zn photoanode for degradation of azo dye Reactive Green 19 in a photocatalytic fuel cell. Chemosphere 2017; 166:118-125. [PMID: 27693872 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) is a potential wastewater treatment technology that can generate electricity from the conversion of chemical energy of organic pollutants. An immobilized ZnO/Zn fabricated by sonication and heat attachment method was applied as the photoanode and Pt/C plate was used as the cathode of the PFC in this study. Factors that affect the decolorization efficiency and electricity generation of the PFC such as different initial dye concentrations and pH were investigated. Results revealed that the degradation of Reactive Green 19 (RG19) was enhanced in a closed circuit PFC compared with that of a opened circuit PFC. Almost 100% decolorization could be achieved in 8 h when 250 mL of 30 mg L-1 of RG19 was treated in a PFC without any supporting electrolyte. The highest short circuit current of 0.0427 mA cm-2 and maximum power density of 0.0102 mW cm-2 was obtained by PFC using 30 mg L-1 of RG19. The correlation between dye degradation, conductivity and voltage output were also investigated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Li Lee
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Li-Ngee Ho
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Soon-An Ong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Chun-Hong Voon
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Wan Fadhilah Khalik
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Nik Athirah Yusoff
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Noradiba Nordin
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
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Oon YL, Ong SA, Ho LN, Wong YS, Dahalan FA, Oon YS, Lehl HK, Thung WE, Nordin N. Role of macrophyte and effect of supplementary aeration in up-flow constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell for simultaneous wastewater treatment and energy recovery. Bioresour Technol 2017; 224:265-275. [PMID: 27864130 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the role of plant (Elodea nuttallii) and effect of supplementary aeration on wastewater treatment and bioelectricity generation in an up-flow constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell (UFCW-MFC). Aeration rates were varied from 1900 to 0mL/min and a control reactor was operated without supplementary aeration. 600mL/min was the optimum aeration flow rate to achieve highest energy recovery as the oxygen was sufficient to use as terminal electron acceptor for electrical current generation. The maximum voltage output, power density, normalized energy recovery and Coulombic efficiency were 545.77±25mV, 184.75±7.50mW/m3, 204.49W/kg COD, 1.29W/m3 and 10.28%, respectively. The variation of aeration flow rates influenced the NO3- and NH4+ removal differently as nitrification and denitrification involved conflicting requirement. In terms of wastewater treatment performance, at 60mL/min aeration rate, UFCW-MFC achieved 50 and 81% of NO3- and NH4+ removal, respectively. E. nuttallii enhanced nitrification by 17% and significantly contributed to bioelectricity generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoong-Ling Oon
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Soon-An Ong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Li-Ngee Ho
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Farrah Aini Dahalan
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yoong-Sin Oon
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Harvinder Kaur Lehl
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Eng Thung
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Noradiba Nordin
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
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Tam YH, Ng CF, Wong YS, Pang KK, Hong YL, Lee WM, Lai PT. Population-based survey of the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms in adolescents with and without psychotropic substance abuse. Hong Kong Med J 2016; 22:454-63. [PMID: 27516568 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj154806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms in adolescents and the effects of psychotropic substance use. METHODS This was a population-based cross-sectional survey using a validated questionnaire in students from 45 secondary schools in Hong Kong randomly selected over the period of January 2012 to January 2014. A total of 11 938 secondary school students (response rate, 74.6%) completed and returned a questionnaire that was eligible for analysis. Individual lower urinary tract symptoms and history of psychotropic substance abuse were documented. RESULTS In this study, 11 617 non-substance abusers were regarded as control subjects and 321 (2.7%) were psychotropic substance users. Among the control subjects, 2106 (18.5%) had experienced at least one lower urinary tract symptom with urinary frequency being the most prevalent symptom (10.2%). Females had more daytime urinary incontinence (P<0.001) and males had more voiding symptoms (P=0.01). Prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms increased with age from 13.9% to 25.8% towards young adulthood and age of ≥18 years (P<0.001). Among the substance users, ketamine was most commonly abused. Substance users had significantly more lower urinary tract symptoms than control subjects (P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, increasing age and psychotropic substance abuse increased the odds for lower urinary tract symptoms. Non-ketamine substance users and ketamine users were respectively 2.8-fold (95% confidence interval, 2.0-3.9) and 6.2-fold (4.1-9.1) more likely than control subjects to develop lower urinary tract symptoms. Females (odds ratio=9.9; 95% confidence interval, 5.4-18.2) were more likely to develop lower urinary tract symptoms than males (4.2; 2.5-7.1) when ketamine was abused. CONCLUSIONS Lower urinary tract symptoms are prevalent in the general adolescent population. It is important to obtain an accurate history regarding psychotropic substance use when treating teenagers with lower urinary tract symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Tam
- Division of Paediatric Surgery and Paediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - C F Ng
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Y S Wong
- Division of Paediatric Surgery and Paediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - K Ky Pang
- Division of Paediatric Surgery and Paediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Y L Hong
- Division of Paediatric Surgery and Paediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - W M Lee
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - P T Lai
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Khalik WF, Ong SA, Ho LN, Wong YS, Voon CH, Yusuf SY, Yusoff NA, Lee SL. Influence of supporting electrolyte in electricity generation and degradation of organic pollutants in photocatalytic fuel cell. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:16716-16721. [PMID: 27184147 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6840-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of different supporting electrolyte (Na2SO4, MgSO4, NaCl) in degradation of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and generation of electricity. Zinc oxide (ZnO) was immobilized onto carbon felt acted as photoanode, while Pt-coated carbon paper as photocathode was placed in a single chamber photocatalytic fuel cell, which then irradiated by UV lamp for 24 h. The degradation and mineralization of RB5 with 0.1 M NaCl rapidly decreased after 24-h irradiation time, followed by MgSO4, Na2SO4 and without electrolyte. The voltage outputs for Na2SO4, MgSO4 and NaCl were 908, 628 and 523 mV, respectively, after 24-h irradiation time; meanwhile, their short-circuit current density, J SC, was 1.3, 1.2 and 1.05 mA cm(-2), respectively. The power densities for Na2SO4, MgSO4 and NaCl were 0.335, 0.256 and 0.245 mW cm(-2), respectively. On the other hand, for without supporting electrolyte, the voltage output and short-circuit current density was 271.6 mV and 0.055 mA cm(-2), respectively. The supporting electrolyte NaCl showed greater performance in degradation of RB5 and generation of electricity due to the formation of superoxide radical anions which enhance the degradation of dye. The mineralization of RB5 with different supporting electrolyte was measured through spectrum analysis and reduction in COD concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Fadhilah Khalik
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Soon-An Ong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Li-Ngee Ho
- School of Material Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Chun-Hong Voon
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Sara Yasina Yusuf
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Nik Athirah Yusoff
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Sin-Li Lee
- School of Material Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
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44
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Teh TL, Rahman NNNA, Shahadat M, Wong YS, Syakir MI, Omar AKM. A comparative study of metal contamination in soil using the borehole method. Environ Monit Assess 2016; 188:404. [PMID: 27295186 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study deals with possible contamination of the soil by metal ions which have been affecting the environment. The concentrations of metal ions in 14 borehole samples were studied using the ICP-OES standard method. The degree of contamination was determined on the basis of single element pollution index (SEPI), combined pollution index (CPI), soil enrichment factor (SEF), and geo-accumulation index (Igeo). Geo-accumulation indices and contamination factors indicated moderate to strong contaminations for eight boreholes (BL-1, BL-2, BL-6, BL-8, BL-9, BL-10, BL-12, and BL-13) while the rest were extremely contaminated. Among all the boreholes, BL-3 and BL-11 demonstrated the highest level of Cd(II) and Pb(II) which were found the most polluted sites. The level of metal contamination was also compared with other countries. The development, variation, and limitations regarding the regulations of soil and groundwater contamination can be provided as a helpful guidance for the risk assessment of metal ions in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Teh
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nik Norulaini Nik Ab Rahman
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
- School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammad Shahadat
- School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Y S Wong
- School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad I Syakir
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
- Centre of Global Sustainability Studies (CGSS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - A K Mohd Omar
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
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45
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Su CXH, Teng TT, Wong YS, Morad N, Rafatullah M. Catalytic thermolysis in treating Cibacron Blue in aqueous solution: Kinetics and degradation pathway. Chemosphere 2016; 146:503-510. [PMID: 26741557 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A thermal degradation pathway of the decolourisation of Reactive Cibacron Blue F3GA (RCB) in aqueous solution through catalytic thermolysis is established. Catalytic thermolysis is suitable for the removal of dyes from wastewater as it breaks down the complex dye molecules instead of only transferring them into another phase. RCB is a reactive dye that consists of three main groups, namely anthraquinone, benzene and triazine groups. Through catalytic thermolysis, the bonds that hold the three groups together were effectively broken and at the same time, the complex molecules degraded to form simple molecules of lower molecular weight. The degradation pathway and products were characterized and determined through UV-Vis, FT-IR and GCMS analysis. RCB dye molecule was successfully broken down into simpler molecules, namely, benzene derivatives, amines and triazine. The addition of copper sulphate, CuSO4, as a catalyst, hastens the thermal degradation of RCB by aiding in the breakdown of large, complex molecules. At pH 2 and catalyst mass loading of 5 g/L, an optimum colour removal of 66.14% was observed. The degradation rate of RCB is well explained by first order kinetics model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Xin-Hui Su
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Tjoon-Tow Teng
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia; School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 3, 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Norhashimah Morad
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rafatullah
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
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46
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Oon YL, Ong SA, Ho LN, Wong YS, Dahalan FA, Oon YS, Lehl HK, Thung WE. Synergistic effect of up-flow constructed wetland and microbial fuel cell for simultaneous wastewater treatment and energy recovery. Bioresour Technol 2016; 203:190-197. [PMID: 26724550 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated a successful operation of up-flow constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell (UFCW-MFC) in wastewater treatment and energy recovery. The goals of this study were to investigate the effect of circuit connection, organic loading rates, and electrode spacing on the performance of wastewater treatment and bioelectricity generation. The average influent of COD, NO3(-) and NH4(+) were 624 mg/L, 142 mg/L, 40 mg/L, respectively and their removal efficiencies (1 day HRT) were 99%, 46%, and 96%, respectively. NO3(-) removal was relatively higher in the closed circuit system due to lower dissolved oxygen in the system. Despite larger electrode spacing, the voltage outputs from Anode 2 (A2) (30 cm) and Anode 3 (A3) (45 cm) were higher than from Anode 1 (A1) (15 cm) as a result of insufficient fuel supply to A1. The maximum power density and Coulombic efficiency were obtained at A2, which were 93 mW/m(3) and 1.42%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoong-Ling Oon
- School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Soon-An Ong
- School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Li-Ngee Ho
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Farrah Aini Dahalan
- School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yoong-Sin Oon
- School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Harvinder Kaur Lehl
- School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Eng Thung
- School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
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47
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Thung WE, Ong SA, Ho LN, Wong YS, Ridwan F, Oon YL, Oon YS, Lehl HK. A highly efficient single chambered up-flow membrane-less microbial fuel cell for treatment of azo dye Acid Orange 7-containing wastewater. Bioresour Technol 2015; 197:284-288. [PMID: 26342340 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Single chambered up-flow membrane-less microbial fuel cell (UFML MFC) was developed to study the feasibility of the bioreactor for decolorization of Acid Orange 7 (AO7) and electricity generation simultaneously. The performance of UFML MFC was evaluated in terms of voltage output, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color removal efficiency by varying the concentration of AO7 in synthetic wastewater. The results shown the voltage generation and COD removal efficiency decreased as the initial AO7 concentration increased; this indicates there is electron competition between anode and azo dye. Furthermore, there was a phenomenon of further decolorization at cathode region which indicates the oxygen and azo dye are both compete as electron acceptor. Based on the UV-visible spectra analysis, the breakdown of the azo bond and naphthalene compound in AO7 were confirmed. These findings show the capability of integrated UFML MFC in azo dye wastewater treatment and simultaneous electricity generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Eng Thung
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Soon-An Ong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Li-Ngee Ho
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Fahmi Ridwan
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yoong-Ling Oon
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yoong-Sin Oon
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Harvinder Kaur Lehl
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
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48
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Oon YL, Ong SA, Ho LN, Wong YS, Oon YS, Lehl HK, Thung WE. Hybrid system up-flow constructed wetland integrated with microbial fuel cell for simultaneous wastewater treatment and electricity generation. Bioresour Technol 2015; 186:270-275. [PMID: 25836035 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An innovative design of upflow constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell (UFCW-MFC) planted with cattail was used for simultaneous wastewater treatment and electricity generation. The electrodes material employed in the study was carbon felt. The main aim of this study is to assess the performance of the UFCW coupling with MFC in term of ability to treat wastewater and the capability to generate bioelectricity. The oxidation reduction potential (ORP) and dissolved oxygen (DO) profile showed that the anaerobic and aerobic regions were well developed in the lower and upper bed, respectively, of UFCW-MFC. Biodegradation of organic matter, nitrification and denitrification was investigated and the removal efficiencies of COD, NO3(-), NH4(+) were 100%, 40%, and 91%, respectively. The maximum power density of 6.12 mW m(-2) and coulombic efficiency of 8.6% were achieved at electrode spacing of anode 1 (A1) and cathode (15 cm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoong-Ling Oon
- School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Soon-An Ong
- School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Li-Ngee Ho
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yoong-Sin Oon
- School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Harvinder Kaur Lehl
- School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Eng Thung
- School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
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49
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Khalik WF, Ong SA, Ho LN, Wong YS, Yusoff NA, Ridwan F. Decolorization and Mineralization of Batik Wastewater through Solar Photocatalytic Process. SAINS MALAYS 2015. [DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2015-4404-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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50
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Lau YY, Wong YS, Teng TT, Morad N, Rafatullah M, Ong SA. Degradation of cationic and anionic dyes in coagulation–flocculation process using bi-functionalized silica hybrid with aluminum-ferric as auxiliary agent. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01346a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic dye (methylene blue) and anionic dye (methyl orange) degradation in the coagulation process was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Yie Lau
- School of Industrial Technology
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- 11800 Minden
- Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- School of Industrial Technology
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- 11800 Minden
- Malaysia
- School of Environmental Engineering
| | - Tjoon-Tow Teng
- School of Industrial Technology
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- 11800 Minden
- Malaysia
| | - Norhashimah Morad
- School of Industrial Technology
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- 11800 Minden
- Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rafatullah
- School of Industrial Technology
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- 11800 Minden
- Malaysia
| | - Soon-An Ong
- School of Environmental Engineering
- Universiti Malaysia Perlis
- 02600 Arau
- Malaysia
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