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Nadzirah S, Mohamad Zin N, Khalid A, Abu Bakar NF, Kamarudin SS, Zulfakar SS, Kon KW, Muhammad Azami NA, Low TY, Roslan R, M Nassir MNH, Alim AA, Menon PS, Soin N, Gopinath SCB, Abdullah H, Sampe J, Zainal Abidin HE, Mohd Noor SN, Ismail AG, Dee CF, Hamzah AA. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Environment: Current Surveillance and Effective Data Management of COVID-19. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37358486 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2224433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Since diagnostic laboratories handle large COVID-19 samples, researchers have established laboratory-based assays and developed biosensor prototypes. Both share the same purpose; to ascertain the occurrence of air and surface contaminations by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, the biosensors further utilize internet-of-things (IoT) technology to monitor COVID-19 virus contamination, specifically in the diagnostic laboratory setting. The IoT-capable biosensors have great potential to monitor for possible virus contamination. Numerous studies have been done on COVID-19 virus air and surface contamination in the hospital setting. Through reviews, there are abundant reports on the viral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through droplet infections, person-to-person close contact and fecal-oral transmission. However, studies on environmental conditions need to be better reported. Therefore, this review covers the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in airborne and wastewater samples using biosensors with comprehensive studies in methods and techniques of sampling and sensing (2020 until 2023). Furthermore, the review exposes sensing cases in public health settings. Then, the integration of data management together with biosensors is well explained. Last, the review ended with challenges to having a practical COVID-19 biosensor applied for environmental surveillance samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sh Nadzirah
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Malaysia
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Malaysia
| | - Noraziah Mohamad Zin
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Arif Khalid
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Faizah Abu Bakar
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Syafiqah Kamarudin
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Shahara Zulfakar
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ken Wong Kon
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azila Muhammad Azami
- Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Teck Yew Low
- Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Roharsyafinaz Roslan
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Malaysia
| | - M Nizar Hadi M Nassir
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Anis Amirah Alim
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Malaysia
| | - P Susthitha Menon
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Soin
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Malaysia
- School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Malaysia
| | - Huda Abdullah
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Jahariah Sampe
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Malaysia
| | | | - Siti Nurfadhlina Mohd Noor
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Ghadafi Ismail
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Chang Fu Dee
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Azrul Azlan Hamzah
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Malaysia
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Abdul Razak NE, Dee CF, Madhuku M, Ahmad I, Chang EY, Yu HW, Majlis BY, Berhanuddin DD. Role of Boron in Assisting the Super-Enhancement of Emissions from Carbon-Implanted Silicon. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:2070. [PMID: 36903185 PMCID: PMC10004110 DOI: 10.3390/ma16052070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The super enhancement of silicon band edge luminescence when co-implanted with boron and carbon is reported. The role of boron in the band edge emissions in silicon was investigated by deliberately introducing defects into the lattice structures. We aimed to increase the light emission intensity from silicon by boron implantation, leading to the formation of dislocation loops between the lattice structures. The silicon samples were doped with a high concentration of carbon before boron implantation and then annealed at a high temperature to activate the dopants into substitutional lattice sites. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements were performed to observe the emissions at the near-infrared region. The temperatures were varied from 10 K to 100 K to study the effect of temperature on the peak luminescence intensity. Two main peaks could be seen at ~1112 and 1170 nm by observing the PL spectra. The intensities shown by both peaks in the samples incorporated with boron are significantly higher than those in pristine silicon samples, and the highest intensity in the former was 600 times greater than that in the latter. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to study the structure of post-implant and post-anneal silicon sample. The dislocation loops were observed in the sample. Through a technique compatible with mature silicon processing technology, the results of this study will greatly contribute to the development of all Si-based photonic systems and quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Ellena Abdul Razak
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Chang Fu Dee
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Morgan Madhuku
- iThemba Laboratory for Accelerator Based Science (LABS), Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Ishaq Ahmad
- NPU-NCP Joint International Research Center on Advanced Nanomaterials and Defect Engineering, National Centre for Physics, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Edward Yi Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, International College of Semiconductor Technology, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Hung Wei Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, International College of Semiconductor Technology, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Dilla Duryha Berhanuddin
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia
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3
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Jaafar MM, Mohd Razip Wee MF, Nguyen HTN, Hieu LT, Rai R, Sahoo AK, Dee CF, Chang EY, Yeop Majlis B, Tee CATH. Surface Acoustic Wave Propagation of GaN/Sapphire Integrated with a Gold Guiding Layer. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:2464. [PMID: 36904668 PMCID: PMC10007255 DOI: 10.3390/s23052464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Gallium nitride (GaN), widely known as a wide bandgap semiconductor material, has been mostly employed in high power devices, light emitting diodes (LED), and optoelectronic applications. However, it could be exploited differently due to its piezoelectric properties, such as its higher SAW velocity and strong electromechanical coupling. In this study, we investigated the affect of the presence of a guiding layer made from titanium/gold on the surface acoustic wave propagation of the GaN/sapphire substrate. By fixing the minimum thickness of the guiding layer at 200 nm, we could observe a slight frequency shift compared to the sample without a guiding layer, with the presence of different types of surface mode waves (Rayleigh and Sezawa). This thin guiding layer could be efficient in transforming the propagation modes, acting as a sensing layer for the binding of biomolecules to the gold layer, and influencing the output signal in terms of frequency or velocity. The proposed GaN/sapphire device integrated with a guiding layer could possibly be used as a biosensor and in wireless telecommunication applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Musoddiq Jaafar
- College of Physics and Electrical Information Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321017, China
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
- International College of Semiconductor Technology, National Chiao Tung University, University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | | | - Hoang-Tan-Ngoc Nguyen
- International College of Semiconductor Technology, National Chiao Tung University, University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Le Trung Hieu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Rahul Rai
- International College of Semiconductor Technology, National Chiao Tung University, University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ashish Kumar Sahoo
- International College of Semiconductor Technology, National Chiao Tung University, University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chang Fu Dee
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Edward Yi Chang
- International College of Semiconductor Technology, National Chiao Tung University, University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Department of Electronics Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Clarence Augustine TH Tee
- College of Physics and Electrical Information Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321017, China
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Chahrour KM, Ooi PC, Nazeer AA, Al-Hajji LA, Jubu PR, Dee CF, Ahmadipour M, Hamzah AA. CuO/Cu/rGO nanocomposite anodic titania nanotubes for boosted non-enzymatic glucose biosensors. NEW J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d3nj00666b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Highly arranged porous anodic titania (TiO2) nanotube arrays (ATNT) were fruitfully fabricated by the anodization of Ti foil in an ammonium fluoride electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M. Chahrour
- Mechanical Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Karabuk University, 78050, Karabuk, Turkey
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Poh Choon Ooi
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed Abdel Nazeer
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Program, Energy & Building Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR), P.O. Box 24885, Safat, 13109, Kuwait
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Physical Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Latifa A. Al-Hajji
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Program, Energy & Building Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR), P.O. Box 24885, Safat, 13109, Kuwait
| | - Peverga R. Jubu
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Makurdi (Now Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University Makurdi), P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - Chang Fu Dee
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohsen Ahmadipour
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azrul Azlan Hamzah
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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5
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Sivanathan PC, Ooi KS, Mohammad Haniff MAS, Ahmadipour M, Dee CF, Mokhtar NM, Hamzah AA, Chang EY. Lifting the Veil: Characteristics, Clinical Significance, and Application of β-2-Microglobulin as Biomarkers and Its Detection with Biosensors. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3142-3161. [PMID: 35848712 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Because β-2-microglobulin (β2M) is a surface protein that is present on most nucleated cells, it plays a key role in the human immune system and the kidney glomeruli to regulate homeostasis. The primary clinical significance of β2M is in dialysis-related amyloidosis, a complication of end-stage renal disease caused by a gradual accumulation of β2M in the blood. Therefore, the function of β2M in kidney-related diseases has been extensively studied to evaluate its glomerular and tubular functions. Because increased β2M shedding due to rapid cell turnover may indicate other underlying medical conditions, the possibility to use β2M as a versatile biomarker rose in prominence across multiple disciplines for various applications. Therefore, this work has reviewed the recent use of β2M to detect various diseases and its progress as a biomarker. While the use of state-of-the-art β2M detection requires sophisticated tools, high maintenance, and labor cost, this work also has reported the use of biosensor to quantify β2M over the past decade. It is hoped that a portable and highly efficient β2M biosensor device will soon be incorporated in point-of-care testing to provide safe, rapid, and reliable test results.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Sivanathan
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Kai Shen Ooi
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia.,Department of Paediatrics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Mohsen Ahmadipour
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Chang Fu Dee
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Norfilza Mohd Mokhtar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azrul Azlan Hamzah
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Edward Y Chang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, International College of Semiconductor Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30010 Hsinchu, Taiwan
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6
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Parmin NA, Hashim U, Gopinath SCB, Nadzirah S, Salimi MN, Voon CH, Uda MNA, Uda MNA, Rozi SKM, Rejali Z, Afzan A, Azan MIA, Yaakub ARW, Hamzah AA, Dee CF. Potentials of MicroRNA in Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer by Analytical Electrical Biosensors. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1511-1523. [PMID: 34092138 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1890543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The importance of nanotechnology in medical applications especially with biomedical sensing devices is undoubted. Several medical diagnostics have been developed by taking the advantage of nanomaterials, especially with electrical biosensors. Biosensors have been predominantly used for the quantification of different clinical biomarkers toward detection, screening, and follow-up the treatment. At present, ovarian cancer is one of the severe complications that cannot be identified until it becomes most dangerous as the advanced stage. Based on the American Cancer Society, 20% of cases involved in the detection of ovarian cancer are diagnosed at an early stage and 80% diagnosed at the later stages. The patient just has a common digestive problem and stomach ache as early symptoms and people used to ignore these symptoms. Micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA) is classified as small non-coding RNAs, their expressions change due to the association of cancer development and progression. This article reviews and discusses on the currently available strategies for the early detection of ovarian cancers using miRNA as a biomarker associated with electrical biosensors. A unique miRNA-based biomarker detections are specially highlighted with biosensor platforms to diagnose ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Parmin
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Uda Hashim
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia.,Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Sh Nadzirah
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M N Salimi
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - C H Voon
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - M N A Uda
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia.,Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - M N Afnan Uda
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Siti Khalijah Mahmad Rozi
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Zulida Rejali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (O&G), Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor
| | - Amilia Afzan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (O&G), Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor
| | - Mohammad Isa Ahmad Azan
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Radi Wan Yaakub
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Azrul Azlan Hamzah
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chang Fu Dee
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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7
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Nadzirah S, Gopinath SCB, Parmin NA, Hamzah AA, Mohamed MA, Chang EY, Dee CF. State-of-the-Art on Functional Titanium Dioxide-Integrated Nano-Hybrids in Electrical Biosensors. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:637-648. [PMID: 32997522 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1816447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors operating based on electrical methods are being accelerated toward rapid and efficient detection that improve the performance of the device. Continuous study in nano- and material-sciences has led to the inflection with properties of nanomaterials that fit the trend parallel to the biosensor evolution. Advancements in technology that focuses on nano-hybrid are being used to develop biosensors with better detection strategies. In this sense, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterials have attracted extensive interest in the construction of electrical biosensors. The formation of TiO2 nano-hybrid as an electrical transducing material has revealed good results with high performance. The modification of the sensing portion with a combination (nano-hybrid form) of nanomaterials has produced excellent sensors in terms of stability, reproducibility, and enhanced sensitivity. This review highlights recent research advancements with functional TiO2 nano-hybrid materials, and their victorious story in the construction of electrical biosensors are discussed. Future research directions with commercialization of these devices and their extensive utilizations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sh Nadzirah
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia.,School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - N A Parmin
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Azrul Azlan Hamzah
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ambri Mohamed
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Edward Yi Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chang Fu Dee
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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8
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Zainal Abidin HE, Ooi PC, Tiong TY, Marsi N, Ismardi A, Mohd Noor M, Nik Zaini Fathi NAF, Abd Aziz N, Sahari SK, Sugandi G, Yunas J, Dee CF, Yeop Majlis B, Hamzah AA. Stress and Deformation of Optimally Shaped Silicon Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:2485-2492. [PMID: 32380181 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated the fabrication of the concave conic shape microneedle with the aid of COMSOL Multiphysics simulation. The stress and buckling of the microneedle structure were simulated by applying various loads ranging from 50 to 800 g perpendiculars to the tip in order to predict the occurrence of microneedles structure deformation. The simulation study indicated that the surface buckling deformation does not occur to the microneedle structure with the increment of the load. The microneedles with dimensions of height and diameter tip ranging from 60 to 100 μm and 1 to 4 μm, respectively had been fabricated via an etching process in a mixture of hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, and acetic acid. Three optimized microneedles but different in the structures were fabricated via the acidic etching process. The reproducibility of 3 different microneedle structures was 15, 20, and 60%, respectively. Stress and buckling analyses of the fabricated microneedles were further carried out on the rat skin. The obtained experimental results show promising applications for the deep dermis, stratum corneum to epidermis layer penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Poh Choon Ooi
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia.
| | - Teck Yaw Tiong
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Noraini Marsi
- Faculty of Engineering Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Panchor, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Abrar Ismardi
- Department of Engineering Physics, School of Electrical Engineering, Telkom University, Jalan Telekomunikasi Terusan Buah Batu, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Mimiwaty Mohd Noor
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | | | - Norazreen Abd Aziz
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical, Electronics and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Siti Kudnie Sahari
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Gandi Sugandi
- Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Jumril Yunas
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Chang Fu Dee
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Azrul Azlan Hamzah
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia.
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9
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Nadzirah S, Hashim U, Gopinath SCB, Parmin NA, Hamzah AA, Yu HW, Dee CF. Titanium dioxide-mediated resistive nanobiosensor for E. coli O157:H7. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:235. [PMID: 32185529 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-4214-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TiO2 NP)-mediated resistive biosensor is described for the determination of DNA fragments of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7). The sol-gel method was used to synthesize the TiO2 NP, and microlithography was applied to fabricate the interdigitated sensor electrodes. Conventional E. coli DNA detections are facing difficulties in long-preparation-and-detection-time (more than 3 days). Hence, electronic biosensor was introduced by measuring the current-voltage (I-V) DNA probe without amplification of DNA fragments. The detection scheme is based on the interaction between the electron flow on the sensor and the introduction of negative charges from DNA probe and target DNA. The biosensor has a sensitivity of 1.67 × 1013 Ω/M and a wide analytical range. The limit detection is down to 1 × 10-11 M of DNA. The sensor possesses outstanding repeatability and reproducibility and is cabable to detect DNA within 15 min in a minute-volume sample (1 μL). Graphical abstract Fig. (a) Graphical illustration of electronic biosensor set up and (b) relationship between limit of detection (LOD) and the unaffected poultry samples on E. coli O157:H7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sh Nadzirah
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - U Hashim
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia.,School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - N A Parmin
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia.,School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Azrul Azlan Hamzah
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hung Wei Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chang Fu Dee
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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10
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Alizadeh M, Binti Hamzan N, Ooi PC, Bin Omar MF, Dee CF, Goh BT. Solid-State Limited Nucleation of NiSi/SiC Core-Shell Nanowires by Hot-Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12040674. [PMID: 30813502 PMCID: PMC6416589 DOI: 10.3390/ma12040674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This work demonstrated a growth of well-aligned NiSi/SiC core-shell nanowires by a one-step process of hot-wire chemical vapor deposition on Ni-coated crystal silicon substrates at different thicknesses. The NiSi nanoparticles (60 to 207 nm) acted as nano-templates to initially inducing the growth of these core-shell nanowires. These core-shell nanowires were structured by single crystalline NiSi and amorphous SiC as the cores and shells of the nanowires, respectively. It is proposed that the precipitation of the NiSi/SiC are followed according to the nucleation limited silicide reaction and the surface-migration respectively for these core-shell nanowires. The electrical performance of the grown NiSi/SiC core-shell nanowires was characterized by the conducting AFM and it is found that the measured conductivities of the nanowires were higher than the reported works that might be enhanced by SiC shell layer on NiSi nanowires. The high conductivity of NiSi/SiC core-shell nanowires could potentially improve the electrical performance of the nanowires-based devices for harsh environment applications such as field effect transistors, field emitters, space sensors, and electrochemical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Alizadeh
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre (LDMRC), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Laser-Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran 19839, Iran.
| | - Najwa Binti Hamzan
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre (LDMRC), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Poh Choon Ooi
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Firdaus Bin Omar
- Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies (IIS), Universiti Technologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Chang Fu Dee
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Malaysia.
| | - Boon Tong Goh
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre (LDMRC), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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11
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Mohd Razip Wee MF, Jaafar MM, Faiz MS, Dee CF, Yeop Majlis B. A Theoretical Study of Surface Mode Propagation with a Guiding Layer of GaN/Sapphire Hetero-Structure in Liquid Medium. Biosensors (Basel) 2018; 8:bios8040124. [PMID: 30563159 PMCID: PMC6315700 DOI: 10.3390/bios8040124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gallium Nitride (GaN) is considered as the second most popular semiconductor material in industry after silicon. This is due to its wide applications encompassing Light Emitting Diode (LED) and power electronics. In addition, its piezoelectric properties are fascinating to be explored as electromechanical material for the development of diverse microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) application. In this article, we conducted a theoretical study concerning surface mode propagation, especially Rayleigh and Sezawa mode in the layered GaN/sapphire structure with the presence of various guiding layers. It is demonstrated that the increase in thickness of guiding layer will decrease the phase velocities of surface mode depending on the material properties of the layer. In addition, the Q-factor value indicating the resonance properties of surface mode appeared to be affected with the presence of fluid domain, particularly in the Rayleigh mode. Meanwhile, the peak for Sezawa mode shows the highest Q factor and is not altered by the presence of fluid. Based on these theoretical results using the finite element method, it could contribute to the development of a GaN-based device to generate surface acoustic wave, especially in Sezawa mode which could be useful in acoustophoresis, lab on-chip and microfluidics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Mohd Razip Wee
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Research Complex, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Musoddiq Jaafar
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Research Complex, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Syafiq Faiz
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Research Complex, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Chang Fu Dee
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Research Complex, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Research Complex, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
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12
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Sihar N, Tiong TY, Dee CF, Ooi PC, Hamzah AA, Mohamed MA, Majlis BY. Ultraviolet Light-Assisted Copper Oxide Nanowires Hydrogen Gas Sensor. Nanoscale Res Lett 2018; 13:150. [PMID: 29766297 PMCID: PMC5953915 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2566-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We fabricated copper oxide nanowires (CuO NWs) ultraviolet (UV) light-assisted hydrogen gas sensor. The fabricated sensor shows promising sensor response behavior towards 100 ppm of H2 at room temperature and elevated temperature at 100 °C when exposed to UV light (3.0 mW/cm2). One hundred-cycle device stability test has been performed, and it is found that for sample elevated at 100 °C, the UV-activated sample achieved stability in the first cycle as compared to the sample without UV irradiation which needed about 10 cycles to achieve stability at the initial stage, whereas the sample tested at room temperature was able to stabilize with the aid of UV irradiation. This indicates that with the aid of UV light, after some "warming up" time, it is possible for the conventional CuO NW sensor which normally work at elevated temperature to function at room temperature because UV source is speculated to play a dominant role to increase the interaction of the surface of CuO NWs and hydrogen gas molecules absorbed after the light exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabihah Sihar
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Teck Yaw Tiong
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Chang Fu Dee
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Poh Choon Ooi
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Azrul Azlan Hamzah
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ambri Mohamed
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
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Tan KH, Lim FS, Toh AZY, Zheng XX, Dee CF, Majlis BY, Chai SP, Chang WS. Tunable Spectrum Selectivity for Multiphoton Absorption with Enhanced Visible Light Trapping in ZnO Nanorods. Small 2018; 14:e1704053. [PMID: 29665226 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201704053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Observation of visible light trapping in zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods (NRs) correlated to the optical and photoelectrochemical properties is reported. In this study, ZnO NR diameter and c-axis length respond primarily at two different regions, UV and visible light, respectively. ZnO NR diameter exhibits UV absorption where large ZnO NR diameter area increases light absorption ability leading to high efficient electron-hole pair separation. On the other hand, ZnO NR c-axis length has a dominant effect in visible light resulting from a multiphoton absorption mechanism due to light reflection and trapping behavior in the free space between adjacent ZnO NRs. Furthermore, oxygen vacancies and defects in ZnO NRs are associated with the broad visible emission band of different energy levels also highlighting the possibility of the multiphoton absorption mechanism. It is demonstrated that the minimum average of ZnO NR c-axis length must satisfy the linear regression model of Z p,min = 6.31d to initiate the multiphoton absorption mechanism under visible light. This work indicates the broadening of absorption spectrum from UV to visible light region by incorporating a controllable diameter and c-axis length on vertically aligned ZnO NRs, which is important in optimizing the design and functionality of electronic devices based on light absorption mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok Hong Tan
- Advanced Engineering Platform, Mechanical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Fang Sheng Lim
- Advanced Engineering Platform, Mechanical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Alfred Zhen Yang Toh
- Advanced Engineering Platform, Mechanical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Xia-Xi Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chang Fu Dee
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia
| | - Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia
| | - Siang-Piao Chai
- Advanced Engineering Platform, Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Wei Sea Chang
- Advanced Engineering Platform, Mechanical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
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Chong SK, Dee CF, Rahman SA. Single reactor deposition of silicon/tungsten oxide core–shell heterostructure nanowires with controllable structure and optical properties. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13257b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Single reactor deposited crystalline Si/WO3 core–shell nanowires showed superior optical absorption and enhanced photocurrent conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Kong Chong
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre
- Department of Physics
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Chang Fu Dee
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN)
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- Bangi
- Malaysia
| | - Saadah Abdul Rahman
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre
- Department of Physics
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
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15
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Dee CF, Chong SK, Rahman SA, Omar FS, Huang NM, Majlis BY, Salleh MM. Hierarchical Si/ZnO trunk-branch nanostructure for photocurrent enhancement. Nanoscale Res Lett 2014; 9:469. [PMID: 25246872 PMCID: PMC4160322 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical Si/ZnO trunk-branch nanostructures (NSs) have been synthesized by hot wire assisted chemical vapor deposition method for trunk Si nanowires (NWs) on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate and followed by the vapor transport condensation (VTC) method for zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods (NRs) which was laterally grown from each Si nanowires (NWs). A spin coating method has been used for zinc oxide (ZnO) seeding. This method is better compared with other group where they used sputtering method for the same process. The sputtering method only results in the growth of ZnO NRs on top of the Si trunk. Our method shows improvement by having the growth evenly distributed on the lateral sides and caps of the Si trunks, resulting in pine-leave-like NSs. Field emission scanning electron microscope image shows the hierarchical nanostructures resembling the shape of the leaves of pine trees. Single crystalline structure for the ZnO branch grown laterally from the crystalline Si trunk has been identified by using a lattice-resolved transmission electron microscope. A preliminary photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell testing has been setup to characterize the photocurrent of sole array of ZnO NR growth by both hydrothermal-grown (HTG) method and VTC method on ITO substrates. VTC-grown ZnO NRs showed greater photocurrent effect due to its better structural properties. The measured photocurrent was also compared with the array of hierarchical Si/ZnO trunk-branch NSs. The cell with the array of Si/ZnO trunk-branch NSs revealed four-fold magnitude enhancement in photocurrent density compared with the sole array of ZnO NRs obtain from VTC processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Fu Dee
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Su Kong Chong
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre, Department of Physics, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saadah Abdul Rahman
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre, Department of Physics, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fatin Saiha Omar
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre, Department of Physics, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nay Ming Huang
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre, Department of Physics, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Mat Salleh
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
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16
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Md Saad SK, Umar AA, Nguyen HQ, Dee CF, Salleh MM, Oyama M. Porous (001)-faceted Zn-doped anatase TiO2 nanowalls and their heterogeneous photocatalytic characterization. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08991j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Porous and single-crystal Zn-doped TiO2 nanowall with (001) lattice-plane can be grown on indium tin oxide substrate using a liquid-phase deposition method. The present structure promises potential uses in solar cells and photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Khatijah Md Saad
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- 43600 UKM Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Akrajas Ali Umar
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- 43600 UKM Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Hong Quan Nguyen
- Dept. Materials Science and Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsin Chu, Republic of China
| | - Chang Fu Dee
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- 43600 UKM Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Mat Salleh
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- 43600 UKM Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Munetaka Oyama
- Department of Material Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Nishikyo-ku, Japan
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17
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Chong SK, Azizan SNA, Chan KW, Nguyen HQ, Chiu WS, Aspanut Z, Dee CF, Rahman SA. Structure deformation of indium oxide from nanoparticles into nanostructured polycrystalline films by in situ thermal radiation treatment. Nanoscale Res Lett 2013; 8:428. [PMID: 24134646 PMCID: PMC3853438 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A microstructure deformation of indium oxide (In2O3) nanoparticles by an in situ thermal radiation treatment in nitrous oxide plasma was investigated. The In2O3 nanoparticles were completely transformed into nanostructured In2O3 films upon 10 min of treatment time. The treated In2O3 nanoparticle sample showed improvement in crystallinity while maintaining a large surface area of nanostructure morphology. The direct transition optical absorption at higher photon energy and the electrical conductivity of the In2O3 nanoparticles were significantly enhanced by the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Kong Chong
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre, Department of Physics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nur Azieani Azizan
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre, Department of Physics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kee Wah Chan
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre, Department of Physics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Hong-Quan Nguyen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Wee Siong Chiu
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre, Department of Physics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Zarina Aspanut
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre, Department of Physics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chang Fu Dee
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
| | - Saadah Abdul Rahman
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre, Department of Physics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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18
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Chong SK, Dee CF, Abdul Rahman S. Structural and photoluminescence studies on catalytic growth of silicon/zinc oxide heterostructure nanowires. Nanoscale Res Lett 2013; 8:174. [PMID: 23590803 PMCID: PMC3637626 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Silicon/zinc oxide (Si/ZnO) core-shell nanowires (NWs) were prepared on a p-type Si(111) substrate using a two-step growth process. First, indium seed-coated Si NWs (In/Si NWs) were synthesized using a plasma-assisted hot-wire chemical vapor deposition technique. This was then followed by the growth of a ZnO nanostructure shell layer using a vapor transport and condensation method. By varying the ZnO growth time from 0.5 to 2 h, different morphologies of ZnO nanostructures, such as ZnO nanoparticles, ZnO shell layer, and ZnO nanorods were grown on the In/Si NWs. The In seeds were believed to act as centers to attract the ZnO molecule vapors, further inducing the lateral growth of ZnO nanorods from the Si/ZnO core-shell NWs via a vapor-liquid-solid mechanism. The ZnO nanorods had a tendency to grow in the direction of [0001] as indicated by X-ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscopy analyses. We showed that the Si/ZnO core-shell NWs exhibit a broad visible emission ranging from 400 to 750 nm due to the combination of emissions from oxygen vacancies in ZnO and In2O3 structures and nanocrystallite Si on the Si NWs. The hierarchical growth of straight ZnO nanorods on the core-shell NWs eventually reduced the defect (green) emission and enhanced the near band edge (ultraviolet) emission of the ZnO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Kong Chong
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre, Department of Physics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chang Fu Dee
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
| | - Saadah Abdul Rahman
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre, Department of Physics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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