1
|
Zainal Abidin HE, Ooi PC, Tiong TY, Marsi N, Ismardi A, Mohd Noor M, Nik Zaini Fathi NAF, Abd Aziz N, Sahari SK, Sugandi G, Yunas J, Dee CF, Yeop Majlis B, Hamzah AA. Stress and Deformation of Optimally Shaped Silicon Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:2485-2492. [PMID: 32380181 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated the fabrication of the concave conic shape microneedle with the aid of COMSOL Multiphysics simulation. The stress and buckling of the microneedle structure were simulated by applying various loads ranging from 50 to 800 g perpendiculars to the tip in order to predict the occurrence of microneedles structure deformation. The simulation study indicated that the surface buckling deformation does not occur to the microneedle structure with the increment of the load. The microneedles with dimensions of height and diameter tip ranging from 60 to 100 μm and 1 to 4 μm, respectively had been fabricated via an etching process in a mixture of hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, and acetic acid. Three optimized microneedles but different in the structures were fabricated via the acidic etching process. The reproducibility of 3 different microneedle structures was 15, 20, and 60%, respectively. Stress and buckling analyses of the fabricated microneedles were further carried out on the rat skin. The obtained experimental results show promising applications for the deep dermis, stratum corneum to epidermis layer penetration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Poh Choon Ooi
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia.
| | - Teck Yaw Tiong
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Noraini Marsi
- Faculty of Engineering Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Panchor, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Abrar Ismardi
- Department of Engineering Physics, School of Electrical Engineering, Telkom University, Jalan Telekomunikasi Terusan Buah Batu, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Mimiwaty Mohd Noor
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | | | - Norazreen Abd Aziz
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical, Electronics and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Siti Kudnie Sahari
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Gandi Sugandi
- Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Jumril Yunas
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Chang Fu Dee
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Azrul Azlan Hamzah
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|