1
|
Yuan Y, Fang X, Ye W. Acrid and Bitter Chinese Herbs in Decoction Effectively Relieve Lung Inflammation and Regulation of TRPV1/TAS2R14 Channels in a Rat Asthmatic Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:8061740. [PMID: 36045655 PMCID: PMC9423947 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8061740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Shegan Mahuang decoction (SGMHD) was widely used as a classic prescription of traditional Chinese medicine to treat asthma. However, there is no research on the acrid and bitter Chinese herbs in the SGMHD to treat asthma. This study aimed to investigate the effects of SGMHD and its acrid-bitter Chinese herbs composition on airway inflammation and the expression of TRPV1 and TAS2R14 genes and proteins in asthmatic rats. Methods SD (Sprague Dawley) rats of asthma were induced by ovalbumin and aluminum hydroxide, then randomly divided into the Normal group, Model group, SGMHD group, Dexamethasone (Dex) group, Guilongkechuangning (GLKC) group, The Acrid Chinese Herbs group (ACH), and The Bitter Chinese Herbs group (BCH). The rats were given intragastric gavage after 21 days for 4 weeks. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected, and the levels of IL-4, IL-13, nerve factors SP, CGRP, PGE2, and serum of IgE were determined by ELISA. Pathological changes in the lungs were determined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The expression of TRPV1 and TAS2R14 in the rat lung group was detected by immunofluorescence (IF). The expression levels of TRPV1 and TAS2R14 were measured using western blotting. The mRNA levels of TRPV1 and TAS2R14 were measured using RT-qPCR. Results The levels of serum IgE in treated rats and the cytokines IL-4, IL-13, SP, CGRP, and PGE2 were all decreased. HE-staining showed that significantly reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissue. IF-staining showed the expression levels except those of the normal group were enhanced. Acrid Chinese herbs inhibited TRPV1, and bitter Chinese herbs activated the gene and protein expression of TAS2R in the lung. Conclusion The acrid Chinese herbs regulate TRPV1, and bitter Chinese herbs regulate the gene and protein expression of TAS2R14, through nerve and immune-inflammatory factors, reduced airway inflammation, reduced airway reactivity, promoted airway remodeling, and the combination of acrid-bitter Chinese herbs can enhance the above effects. This will lay a foundation for further in vivo study of specific compounds of acrid-bitter Chinese herbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Yuan
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiangming Fang
- Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Weidong Ye
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Koc G, Soyocak A, Duzgun Ergun D, Pastaci Ozsobaci N, Andac-Ozturk S, Ergun S. Association of TRPM5 Asn235Ser Polymorphism and Trace Elements/Minerals in Chronic Gastritis Patients: a Case-Control Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:535-542. [PMID: 34767145 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The link between chronic gastritis and chemosensory receptors is considered promising for disease prediction and treatment. The transient receptor potential melastatin member channel 5 (TRPM5) is an ion channel and may be a chemosensor in the gastrointestinal tract. Trace elements and minerals involved in many protein structures can change ion channel activity. Our study aimed to determine trace element and mineral levels according to TRPM5 Asn235Ser missense polymorphism distributions in patients with H. pylori (+) and (-) gastritis and to uncover their possible association with disease pathogenesis. In 109 volunteer patients diagnosed with gastritis [64 H. pylori (+), 45 H. pylori (-)], TRPM5 (Asn235Ser) polymorphism was detected by Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR method (KASP), but no difference was found between the groups. There are differences between the serum trace element (Se, Zn, Cu, Mg, and Cu/Zn) levels of the two groups. High serum Se and Cu/Zn ratios were detected in H. pylori (+) patients. Cu/Zn ratio can be used as a marker of bacterial inflammation. The amount of Se was found to be statistically significant in the serums of H. pylori (+) patients carrying TT and CT genotype, while the amounts of Zn, Cu, and Mg were found as significant of H. pylori (-) patients. The relationship of Se with the H. pylori needs to be investigated further. In addition, H. pylori (+) patients have a significantly higher neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio (NLR) compared to those with H. pylori (-) NLR can be used as an indicator of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Koc
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - A Soyocak
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - D Duzgun Ergun
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - N Pastaci Ozsobaci
- Department of Biophysics, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Andac-Ozturk
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, Health Science Faculty, Istanbul Zaim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Ergun
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Avcılar Murat Koluk State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Anto A, Ashir KR, Ummer N, Ahsan A. Dysgeusia: A misdiagnosed case of an early manifestation of varicella-zoster infection. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ACADEMY OF ORAL MEDICINE AND RADIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_351_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
4
|
Malone IG, Hunter BK, Rossow HL, Herzog H, Zolotukhin S, Munger SD, Dotson CD. Y1 receptors modulate taste-related behavioral responsiveness in male mice to prototypical gustatory stimuli. Horm Behav 2021; 136:105056. [PMID: 34509673 PMCID: PMC8640844 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian taste bud cells express receptors for numerous peptides implicated elsewhere in the body in the regulation of metabolism, nutrient assimilation, and satiety. The perturbation of several peptide signaling pathways in the gustatory periphery results in changes in behavioral and/or physiological responsiveness to subsets of taste stimuli. We previously showed that Peptide YY (PYY) - which is present in both saliva and in subsets of taste cells - can affect behavioral taste responsiveness and reduce food intake and body weight. Here, we investigated the contributions of taste bud-localized receptors for PYY and the related Neuropeptide Y (NPY) on behavioral taste responsiveness. Y1R, but not Y2R, null mice show reduced responsiveness to sweet, bitter, and salty taste stimuli in brief-access taste tests; similar results were seen when wildtype mice were exposed to Y receptor antagonists in the taste stimuli. Finally, mice in which the gene encoding the NPY propeptide was deleted also showed reduced taste responsiveness to sweet and bitter taste stimuli. Collectively, these results suggest that Y1R signaling, likely through its interactions with NPY, can modulate peripheral taste responsiveness in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian G Malone
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Brianna K Hunter
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Heidi L Rossow
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | | | - Sergei Zolotukhin
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Steven D Munger
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Cedrick D Dotson
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shono H, Tsutsumi R, Beppu K, Matsushima R, Watanabe S, Fujimoto C, Kanamura R, Ohnishi H, Kondo E, Azuma T, Sato G, Kawai M, Matsumoto H, Kitamura Y, Sakaue H, Takeda N. Dietary Supplementation with Monosodium Glutamate Suppresses Chemotherapy-Induced Downregulation of the T1R3 Taste Receptor Subunit in Head and Neck Cancer Patients. Nutrients 2021; 13:2921. [PMID: 34578798 PMCID: PMC8469378 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
(Background) We investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with monosodium glutamate (MSG) on chemotherapy-induced downregulation of the T1R3 taste receptor subunit expression in the tongue of patients with advanced head and neck cancer. (Methods) Patients undergoing two rounds of chemoradiotherapy were randomly allocated to a control or intervention group (dietary supplementation with MSG at 2.7 g/day during the second round of chemotherapy). The relative expression of T1R3, a subunit of both umami and sweet taste receptors, in the tongue was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Dysgeusia was assessed with a visual analog scale and daily energy intake was evaluated. (Results) T1R3 expression levels in the tongue, taste sensitivity, and daily energy intake were significantly reduced after the first round of chemotherapy compared with before treatment. Furthermore, these parameters significantly decreased after the second round of chemotherapy, but the extent of decrease was significantly attenuated in the MSG group compared with the control group. (Conclusions) MSG supplementation suppresses chemotherapy-induced dysgeusia, possibly due to the inhibition of the T1R3-containing taste receptor downregulation in the tongue, thereby increasing energy intake in patients with advanced head and neck cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Shono
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (H.S.); (C.F.); (R.K.); (H.O.); (E.K.); (T.A.); (G.S.); (Y.K.); (N.T.)
| | - Rie Tsutsumi
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (K.B.); (R.M.); (S.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Kana Beppu
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (K.B.); (R.M.); (S.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Rina Matsushima
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (K.B.); (R.M.); (S.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Suzuno Watanabe
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (K.B.); (R.M.); (S.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Chisa Fujimoto
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (H.S.); (C.F.); (R.K.); (H.O.); (E.K.); (T.A.); (G.S.); (Y.K.); (N.T.)
| | - Ryo Kanamura
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (H.S.); (C.F.); (R.K.); (H.O.); (E.K.); (T.A.); (G.S.); (Y.K.); (N.T.)
| | - Hiroki Ohnishi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (H.S.); (C.F.); (R.K.); (H.O.); (E.K.); (T.A.); (G.S.); (Y.K.); (N.T.)
| | - Eiji Kondo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (H.S.); (C.F.); (R.K.); (H.O.); (E.K.); (T.A.); (G.S.); (Y.K.); (N.T.)
| | - Takahiro Azuma
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (H.S.); (C.F.); (R.K.); (H.O.); (E.K.); (T.A.); (G.S.); (Y.K.); (N.T.)
| | - Go Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (H.S.); (C.F.); (R.K.); (H.O.); (E.K.); (T.A.); (G.S.); (Y.K.); (N.T.)
| | - Misako Kawai
- Frontier Research Laboratories, Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co. Inc., Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan; (M.K.); (H.M.)
| | - Hideki Matsumoto
- Frontier Research Laboratories, Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co. Inc., Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan; (M.K.); (H.M.)
| | - Yoshiaki Kitamura
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (H.S.); (C.F.); (R.K.); (H.O.); (E.K.); (T.A.); (G.S.); (Y.K.); (N.T.)
| | - Hiroshi Sakaue
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (K.B.); (R.M.); (S.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Noriaki Takeda
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (H.S.); (C.F.); (R.K.); (H.O.); (E.K.); (T.A.); (G.S.); (Y.K.); (N.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kojima T, Maeda T, Suzuki A, Yamamori T, Kato Y. Intracellular zinc-dependent TAS2R8 gene expression through CTCF activation. Biomed Res 2021; 41:217-225. [PMID: 33071257 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.41.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Taste-2 receptors (TAS2Rs), which belong to the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family, are receptors for bitter taste perception. The aim of this study was to investigate whether zinc deficiency affects the expression of TAS2R genes. The promoter activity of the TAS2R7, TAS2R8, and TAS2R42 genes were determined in Ca9-22 oral squamous cell carcinoma cells cultured in the presence or absence of zinc. Luciferase reporter assays showed that zinc deprivation inhibited TAS2R8 promoter activity, but not the promoter activity of the other two genes. Treatment of the cells with N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (TPEN), an intracellular chelator of Zn2+, in the presence of 10% fetal bovine serum reduced TAS2R8 promoter activity. Truncation/deletion mutants of TAS2R8 promoter-luciferase constructs showed that the region from nucleotide -1152 to nucleotide -925 was critical for intracellular zinc dependency and contained a CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) binding motif. A chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChiP) assay showed that CTCF bound specifically to this region, a binding abrogated by zinc deficiency, suggesting that CTCF plays a critical role in zinc-dependent bitter taste perception through TAS2R8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Kojima
- Departments of Oral Rehabilitation, Ohu University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Toyonobu Maeda
- Departments of Oral Rehabilitation, Ohu University Graduate School of Dentistry.,Departments of Oral Function and Molecular Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry
| | - Atsuko Suzuki
- Departments of Oral Function and Molecular Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry
| | - Tetsuo Yamamori
- Departments of Oral Rehabilitation, Ohu University Graduate School of Dentistry.,Departments of Prosthetic Dentistry, Ohu University School of Dentistry
| | - Yasumasa Kato
- Departments of Oral Function and Molecular Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry.,Departments of Oral Physiology and Biochemistry, Ohu University Graduate School of Dentistry
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Association of Zinc Deficiency with Development of CVD Events in Patients with CKD. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051680. [PMID: 34063377 PMCID: PMC8156917 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of the micronutrient zinc is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this review is to summarize evidence presented in literature for consolidation of current knowledge regarding zinc status in CKD patients, including those undergoing hemodialysis. Zinc deficiency is known to be associated with various risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), such as increased blood pressure, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Zinc may protect against phosphate-induced arterial calcification by suppressing activation of nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B. Serum zinc levels have been shown to be positively correlated with T50 (shorter T50 indicates higher calcification propensity) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as those with CKD. Additionally, higher intake of dietary zinc was associated with a lower risk of severe abdominal aortic calcification. In hemodialysis patients, the beneficial effects of zinc supplementation in relation to serum zinc and oxidative stress levels was demonstrated in a meta-analysis of 15 randomized controlled trials. Thus, evidence presented supports important roles of zinc regarding antioxidative stress and suppression of calcification and indicates that zinc intake/supplementation may help to ameliorate CVD risk factors in CKD patients.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kodama H, Tanaka M, Naito Y, Katayama K, Moriyama M. Japan's Practical Guidelines for Zinc Deficiency with a Particular Focus on Taste Disorders, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Liver Cirrhosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082941. [PMID: 32331308 PMCID: PMC7215354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc deficiency is common in Japan, yet awareness on this disorder is lacking. The Japanese Society of Clinical Nutrition recently issued the Japan’s Practical Guideline for Zinc Deficiency 2018 setting forth criteria for diagnosing zinc deficiency, i.e., (a) one or more symptoms of zinc deficiency or low serum alkaline phosphatase, (b) ruling out other diseases, (c) low serum zinc, and (d) alleviation of symptoms upon zinc administration. Serum zinc <60 μg/dL and 60–80 μg/dL indicate zinc deficiency and marginal deficiency, respectively. Zinc deficiency symptoms vary and include dermatitis and taste disorders among others. Zinc administration improves taste in 50–82% of patients suffering from taste disorders (a common symptom of zinc deficiency). Effects of zinc administration do not appear immediately, and therapy should be continued for at least three months. Zinc deficiency often accompanies various diseases and conditions. Here, we focus on inflammatory bowel diseases and liver cirrhosis. As zinc deficiency enhances intestinal inflammation via macrophage activation, we discuss the pathological mechanism for inflammation and zinc deficiency in the context of IBD. Zinc deficiency can also lead to a nitrogen metabolic disorder in patients with liver cirrhosis. Zinc supplementation can improve not only the ammonia metabolism, but also the protein metabolism. We also discuss directions for future studies of zinc deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Kodama
- Department of Health and Dietetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, 2-51-4, Higashiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-8445, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5843-3111; Fax: +81-3-5843-3153
| | - Makoto Tanaka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan;
| | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 620-8566, Japan;
| | - Kazuhiro Katayama
- Department of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Oncology, International Cancer Institute, Osaka 541-8567, Japan;
| | - Mitsuhiko Moriyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610 Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Márquez-Herrera RM, Núñez-Murillo GK, Ruíz-Gurrola CG, Gómez-García EF, Orozco-González CN, Cortes-Sanabria L, Cueto-Manzano AM, Rojas-Campos E. Clinical Taste Perception Test for Patients With End-Stage Kidney Disease on Dialysis. J Ren Nutr 2020; 30:79-84. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
|
10
|
Ren E, Watari I, Jui-Chin H, Mizumachi-Kubono M, Podyma-Inoue KA, Narukawa M, Misaka T, Watabe T, Ono T. Unilateral nasal obstruction alters sweet taste preference and sweet taste receptors in rat circumvallate papillae. Acta Histochem 2019; 121:135-142. [PMID: 30473241 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nasal obstruction causes mouth breathing, and affects the growth and development of craniofacial structures, muscle function in the stomatognathic system, and the taste perceptive system. However, the detailed mechanism underlying the effects of nasal obstruction on taste perception has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated this mechanism using the two-bottle taste preference test, immunohistological analysis, and quantification of the mRNA expression of taste-related molecules in the circumvallate papillae. Neonatal male Wistar rats were divided randomly into control and experimental groups. Rats in the experimental group underwent unilateral nasal obstruction by cauterization of the external nostril at the age of 8 days. Arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) was recorded in awake rats using collar clip sensors. Taste preference for five basic taste solutions was evaluated. Immunohistochemical analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were conducted to evaluate the expressions of taste-related molecules in the taste cells of the circumvallate papillae. Body weights were similar between the two groups throughout the experimental period. The SpO2 in the 7- to 12-week-old rats in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the age-matched rats in the control group. In the two-bottle taste preference test, the sensitivities to sweet taste decreased in the experimental group. The mRNA expression of T1R2, T1R3, α-gustducin, and PLCβ2 was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group as determined by quantitative RT-PCR, and the immunohistochemical staining for α-gustducin and PLCβ2 was less prominent. These findings suggest that nasal obstruction may affect sweet taste perception via the reduced expression of taste-related molecules in the taste cells in rat circumvallate papillae.
Collapse
|
11
|
c-Fos expression in the parabrachial nucleus following intraoral bitter stimulation in the rat with dietary-induced zinc deficiency. Brain Res 2017; 1659:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
12
|
Nishida K. Molecular Mechanisms of Taste Disorder in Oxaliplatin-administered Rats. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2016; 136:1017-21. [PMID: 27374965 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.15-00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Taste disorder is one of the adverse effects of cancer chemotherapy resulting in a loss of appetite, leading to malnutrition and a decrease in the quality of life of the patient. Oxaliplatin, a platinum anticancer drug, has a critical role in colon cancer chemotherapy and is known to induce taste disorder. Here, we evaluated the taste functions in oxaliplatin-administered rats. Among the taste receptors, expression levels of T1R2, one of the sweet receptor subunits, increased in the circumvallate papillae of the oxaliplatin-administered rats. In a brief-access test, i.e., behavioral analysis of the taste response, oxaliplatin-administered rats showed a decreased response to sweet taste. However, we did not detect any differences in the plasma levels of zinc, number of taste cells, or morphology of taste buds between control and oxaliplatin-administered rats. In conclusion, the decreased response to sweet taste by oxaliplatin administration may be due to the upregulation of T1R2 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Nishida
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Devillier P, Naline E, Grassin-Delyle S. The pharmacology of bitter taste receptors and their role in human airways. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 155:11-21. [PMID: 26272040 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The receptors involved in bitter taste perception (bitter taste receptors--T2Rs) constitute a family of G-protein-coupled receptors, of which around 29 subtypes have been identified in humans. T2R expression was initially thought to be confined to the oral cavity but has recently been described in a range of other tissues (such as the heart, gut, nasal cavity and lungs) and cell types (chemosensory, smooth muscle, endothelial, epithelial and inflammatory cells). Although it is still not clear whether endogenous T2R agonists exist, the T2R receptors recognize many natural and synthetic compounds, such as the acyl-homoserine lactones produced by bacteria, caffeine, chloroquine, and erythromycin. In the upper airways, T2Rs are involved in neurogenic inflammation and bacterial clearance. Their known effects in the lungs are exerted at three different levels. Firstly, T2R agonists increase the beating frequency of cilia on epithelial cells. Secondly, the T2Rs induce bronchial smooth muscle cells to relax. Thirdly, the T2R receptors expressed on immune cells (such as macrophages and mast cells) modulate production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, T2R agonists are effective in inhibiting lung inflammation or smooth muscle contraction in ex vivo and asthma animal models, and are known to be involved in bacterial killing in the nasal cavity and enhancing lung function in humans. This review focuses on the pharmacology and physiological functions of T2R receptors in the upper and lower airways. It presents recently acquired knowledge suggesting that T2Rs may become valuable drug targets in the treatment of diseases such as asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Devillier
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, UPRES EA220, Hôpital Foch, 11 rue Guillaume Lenoir, 92150 Suresnes, France; Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, UFR Sciences de la Santé, 2 avenue de la source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Emmanuel Naline
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, UPRES EA220, Hôpital Foch, 11 rue Guillaume Lenoir, 92150 Suresnes, France; Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, UFR Sciences de la Santé, 2 avenue de la source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Stanislas Grassin-Delyle
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, UPRES EA220, Hôpital Foch, 11 rue Guillaume Lenoir, 92150 Suresnes, France; Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, UFR Sciences de la Santé, 2 avenue de la source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Aoki M, Takao T, Takao K, Koike F, Suganuma N. Lower expressions of the human bitter taste receptor TAS2R in smokers: reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis. Tob Induc Dis 2014; 12:12. [PMID: 25152706 PMCID: PMC4142065 DOI: 10.1186/1617-9625-12-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the fact that smokers have deficit in detecting taste, particularly bitter taste, no study has investigated its biological correlate. Methods In this context, we compared the expression of the bitter taste receptor gene, taste 2 receptor (TAS2R) in the tongues of smokers and non-smokers. Tissue samples were collected from the lateral portion of the tongues of 22 smokers and 22 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers (19 males and three females) with no history of smoking. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to examine the expression of TAS2R in the two groups, and the effect of aging on TAS2R expression was also assessed. Results TAS2R expression was significantly lower among smokers than non-smokers (t = 6.525, P < .0001, 11.36 ± 6.0 vs. 2.09 ± 2.8, mean ± SD, non-smokers vs. smokers). Further, a positive correlation between age and expression of TAS2R was observed in non-smokers (r = .642, P = .001), but not smokers (r = .124, P = .584). This correlation difference was significant (Z = 1.96, P = .0496). Conclusions Smokers showed a significantly lower expression of the bitter taste receptor gene than non-smokers, which is potentially caused by their inability to acquire such receptors with age because of cigarette smoking, in contrast to non-smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mieko Aoki
- Department of food and nutrition, Sanyo Gakuen College, 1-14-1 Hirai, Naka-ward, Okayama 703-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takao
- Department of nutrition and health promotion, Showa Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Fumihiko Koike
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ikeda A, Sekine H, Takao K, Ikeda M. Expression and localization of taste receptor genes in the vallate papillae of rats: effect of zinc deficiency. Acta Otolaryngol 2013; 133:957-64. [PMID: 23944947 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2013.787644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION We found a difference in expression sites between TAS2Rs and ENaC (epithelial sodium channels). The number of TAS2R-positive cells and ENaC-positive cells were decreased in zinc-deficient diet rats. These findings suggest that decreased expression of taste receptor genes may play an important role in the onset of zinc deficiency-associated taste disorder. OBJECTIVE The present study was aimed at histologically investigating the expression and localization of TAS2Rs and ENaC in the vallate taste buds of rats. Changes in expression of the taste receptor genes in zinc-deficient rats were also investigated. METHODS The vallate papillae of five rats fed a normal diet and five rats fed a zinc-deficient diet were used. In situ hybridization was performed to investigate the expression and localization of TAS2Rs and ENaC. TAS2R-positive cells per taste bud were counted, and differences in number between the normal and zinc-deficient diet rats were investigated. RESULTS In the normal rats, expression of TAS2Rs was observed specifically in the taste bud cells. In contrast, ENaC-positive cells were observed in a part of the taste bud cells and a large number of epithelial cells. Fewer cells were positive for TAS2Rs and ENaC in the zinc-deficient diet rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsuo Ikeda
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|