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Mou L, Wei Q, Zhang ZX, Chen YY, He MY, Mai YX, Hu J, Wang T. Microtia, Branchial Cleft Fistula, and Tetralogy of Fallot: A Possible Association. J Craniofac Surg 2024; 35:e421-e423. [PMID: 38709034 PMCID: PMC11198957 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
When searching over associations between congenital ear abnormalities, especially microtia and affiliated deformities like cleft lip or palate and congenital heart diseases, some clinical analysis and genetic theories are found. A 10-year-old boy sent to the plastic surgery hospital was puzzled by a congenital anterior auricular fistula with fluid trace for more than 9 years. The preoperative diagnoses were branchial cleft fistula and congenital left ear deformity with postoperation of TOF. By browsing over studies on genetic concerns and clinical performance, it may be attributed to a possible association between microtia, branchial cleft fistula, and tetralogy of Fallot, though whose fundamental mechanisms remain concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Mou
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Qingqian Wei
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Zu-Xin Zhang
- The First Clinical College, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Yue-Yin Chen
- The Third Clinical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou
| | - Mei-Yang He
- The Third Clinical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou
| | - Yue-Xue Mai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
| | - Jintian Hu
- Department of Cosmetic Injection Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College. Thirty-three Badachu Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tong Wang
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Uğur TA, Tercanlı H. Evaluation of the anterior processes of the parotid gland: an ultrasonographic study. Surg Radiol Anat 2024; 46:915-922. [PMID: 38703221 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-024-03369-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anterior extensions of the parotid gland (AEPG), namely the accessory parotid gland (APG) and the facial process of the parotid gland (FP), using ultrasonography. STUDY DESIGN A total of 338 parotid glands were scanned bilaterally. APG was defined as a soft tissue mass with the same echogenic features as the main parotid gland (MPG) and not in contact with it, while FP was defined as an extension that exceeded the anterior border of the mandibular ramus and was continuous with the MPG. The anteroposterior, mediolateral, superoinferior dimensions and the mean distance from the MPG to the APG were measured. RESULTS The prevalence of APG and FP were 19.5% and 36%, respectively, resulting in an AEPG prevalence of 55.6%. The presence of APG was statistically higher in females than in males (p = 0.039). The mean anteroposterior, mediolateral, and superoinferior dimensions of the APG were 18.1 ± 0.57 mm, 0.35 ± 0.17 mm, and 12.3 ± 0.36 mm, respectively, and the mean distance from the MPG was measured as 12.1 ± 0.87 mm. CONCLUSION This study can raise awareness among clinicians about the presence of AEPG in the differential diagnosis of mid-cheek masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarık Ali Uğur
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Hümeyra Tercanlı
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Zheng L, Wu Y, Lv Z. Ectopic accessory parotid system with congenital cheek fistula: Two case reports. Pediatr Int 2022; 64:e15265. [PMID: 36421921 PMCID: PMC9828166 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yibo Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhibao Lv
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Nishimoto S, Kawai K, Fujiwara T, Ishise H, Kakibuchi M. OUP accepted manuscript. J Surg Case Rep 2022; 2022:rjac187. [PMID: 35620227 PMCID: PMC9129258 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjac187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soh Nishimoto
- Correspondence address. Department of Plastic Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan. Tel: +81-798-45-6753; Fax: +81-798-45-6975; E-mail:
| | - Kenichiro Kawai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Fujiwara
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hisako Ishise
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masao Kakibuchi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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Neuman T, Maly A, Alterman M, Popovtzer A, Weinberger JM, Hirshoren N. Salivary Gland Heterotopia, a Clinical and Pathological TNM Staging Challenge - Carcinoma ex Pleomorphic Adenoma Arising in a Parotid Lymph node. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 28:100435. [PMID: 34280887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heterotopia is the presence of a particular tissue / tumor at a non-physiological / ectopic site. The study primary goals: To review the current data investigating heterotopic, normal appearing, and diseased salivary gland tumors, in lymph nodes. To describe the meticulous pathological investigation and multidisciplinary decision-making process of a heterotopic carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma arising in an intra-parotid lymph node. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search in the "PubMed" database using key words "carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma", "parotid lymph node", "salivary gland" and "heterotopia" was conducted. We describe the thorough pathological investigation and clinical decision-making process, focusing TNM staging system limitations. RESULTS A few case reports presented either normal appearing salivary tissue, benign tumors or low and high-grade salivary malignancies arising in lymph nodes. We present the investigation, controversies and treatment decision process of a 46-year-old man with CXPA in intra-parotid lymph node. CONCLUSIONS The staging scheme does not distinguish between nodal spread and primary tumor arising in a lymph node. Multidisciplinary input regarding prognosis and follow-up plans, may consider heterotopia differently from the usual pattern of nodal spread.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey M Weinberger
- Department of Otolaryngology / Head & Neck Surgery, Hadassah Hebrew-University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nir Hirshoren
- Department of Otolaryngology / Head & Neck Surgery, Hadassah Hebrew-University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Kitano D, Sakakibara S, Ishida Y, Nomura T, Terashi H. Congenital Cheek Fistula: A Rare Case of Developmental Abnormality in the Buccal Area. Cureus 2021; 13:e15657. [PMID: 34277250 PMCID: PMC8281784 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A congenital cheek fistula is a rare malformation in the buccal area. Here, we report the case of a congenital cheek fistula in a 50-year-old woman who visited our clinic with complaints of swelling and pain in her left cheek. Physical examination revealed a small hole in the left corner of the mouth present since birth. She had no other congenital malformations in the maxillofacial region such as an accessory ear and cleft lip. Manual compression of the cheek mass induced serous discharge from the hole. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a cystic lesion in the left cheek and a fistula within the orbicularis oris muscle that opened into the small hole. After immediate incision and drainage of the cyst, both the cyst and fistula were surgically resected. The cystic lesion was completely delineated from the boundary of the parotid gland. The orbicularis oris muscle was partially incised to remove the fistula and the surrounding scar tissue. Histopathological examination of the resected specimen revealed a cavity consisting of epithelium inside the fistula. The postoperative course was insignificant. No recurrence of the cyst was observed six months postoperatively. The operative and pathological findings demonstrated that the ectoderm-derived epithelial tissue was enclosed by the mesoderm-derived muscle tissue. The mixture of different germ layer-derived tissues suggested that the fistula was a type of congenital transverse facial cleft induced by malfusion of the mandibular and maxillary prominences during embryonic development. The differential diagnoses of the congenital cheek fistula included orocutaneous fistulas and salivary fistulas. MRI was useful in delineating the border between the lesion and the surrounding tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Kitano
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, JPN
| | - Shunsuke Sakakibara
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, JPN
| | - Yasuhisa Ishida
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, JPN
| | - Tadashi Nomura
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, JPN
| | - Hiroto Terashi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, JPN
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Xie S, Li ZM, Li SJ, Cai ZG. Congenital bilateral ectopic parotid glands: case report and systematic review of the literatures. Gland Surg 2021; 10:1165-1170. [PMID: 33842261 DOI: 10.21037/gs-20-751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cheek swelling can be attributed to several pathologies, including masseteric hypertrophy, diffuse inflammatory changes and neoplasia. We report an extremely rare case of bilateral cheek swelling as a result of ectopic parotid glands. This case is a young female patient with bilateral ectopic parotid glands superficial to the masseter muscle and the zygomatic arch, demonstrated by the enhanced computed tomography (CT). Medical history, clinical features, videography and management of this case are described. After two years of observation, no significant change in symptoms was observed on this patient. Besides, we conducted a case report and systematic review of cases of ectopic parotid gland. A literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, and Ovid electronic database. A total of 144 papers were retrieved and only one paper was included in the systematic review. In conclusion, bilateral ectopic parotid gland is extremely rare and easily confused with other lumps in the area of head and neck. CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound imaging and parotid sialography allow for noninvasive diagnosis of ectopic parotid gland. If the parotid ectopic is highly suspected and the patient does not have obvious symptoms, conservative treatment and long-term observation follow-up are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Xie
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Meng Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Cai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Pattanshetti S, Menon P, Solanki S, Saxena A. Congenital Parotid Fistula: Surgical Management in Two Infants and Review of Literature. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2021; 26:48-50. [PMID: 33953513 PMCID: PMC8074831 DOI: 10.4103/jiaps.jiaps_25_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital salivary gland fistulas are uncommon. They develop as a result of abnormalities of the first and second branchial arches. Operative and nonoperative methods of management have been described. We report two rare cases of congenital parotid fistula presenting to us in infancy that were managed surgically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Pattanshetti
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Prema Menon
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shailesh Solanki
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akshay Saxena
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Sialendoscopy-Assisted Duct Transposition in Ectopic Accessory Parotid Gland: Case Report and Surgical Management. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 78:557-563. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zhao X, Yang S, Liu M, Cai M. Ectopic Parotid Main Duct on Buccal Mucosa: A Case Report and Literature Review. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 78:1349-1354. [PMID: 32184087 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ectopic parotid main duct (Stensen's duct) orifice is a rare anatomic abnormality of the salivary gland. We report a case in which the patient's left Stensen's duct opened on the left buccal skin. After surgery to perform parotid duct transposition, the buccal fistula was closed, and the saliva secreted by the parotid gland could overflow smoothly through the new orifice throughout a 3-year follow-up period. We also performed a review of the current relevant data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Zhao
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shoubing Yang
- Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, People's Hospital of Xiangyun, Xiangyun County, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingshan Liu
- Attending, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, People's Hospital of Xiangyun, Xiangyun County, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Cai
- Associate Chief Physician, Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Hosokawa T, Takahashi H, Miyasaka Y, Ohira K, Tanami Y, Sato Y, Ishimaru T, Kawashima H, Hosokawa M, Oguma E, Yamada Y. Ultrasound Evaluation of Dermal Sinuses/Fistulas in Pediatric Patients. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2019; 38:3107-3122. [PMID: 31063247 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A dermal sinus/fistula is a common condition; the relevant department should be consulted for appropriate treatment. It is important for radiologists to have adequate knowledge of these conditions to provide the correct diagnosis and recommend subsequent management. This review describes the following lesions: preauricular sinus, midline sinus of the upper lip, nasal dermoid sinus cyst, cheek fistula, first branchial cleft anomaly/sublingual branchial cleft anomaly, thyroglossal duct cyst/fistula, lateral cervical sinus/fistula, congenital dermal sinus/fistula of the anterior chest region, congenital skin sinus/fistula with a sternal cleft, and congenital prepubic sinus. On the basis of the skin orifice location and ultrasound images, radiologists can provide useful information to physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Hosokawa
- Department of Radiology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takahashi
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Miyasaka
- Department of Radiology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenji Ohira
- Department of Radiology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tanami
- Department of Radiology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Sato
- Department of Radiology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ishimaru
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawashima
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mayumi Hosokawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama City Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Eiji Oguma
- Department of Radiology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Yamada
- Department of Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Togni L, Mascitti M, Santarelli A, Contaldo M, Romano A, Serpico R, Rubini C. Unusual Conditions Impairing Saliva Secretion: Developmental Anomalies of Salivary Glands. Front Physiol 2019; 10:855. [PMID: 31333498 PMCID: PMC6617833 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary glands (SG) arise from ectodermal tissue between 6 and 12th weeks of intrauterine life through finely regulated epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. For this reason, different types of structural congenital anomalies, ranging from asymptomatic anatomical variants to alterations associated with syndromic conditions, have been described. Notable glandular parenchyma anomalies are the SG aplasia and the ectopic SG tissue. Major SG aplasia is a developmental anomaly, leading to variable degrees of xerostomia, and oral dryness. Ectopic SG tissue can occur as accessory gland tissue, salivary tissue associated with branchial cleft anomalies, or true heterotopic SG tissue. Among salivary ducts anomalies, congenital atresia is a rare developmental anomaly due to duct canalization failure in oral cavity, lead to salivary retention posterior to the imperforate orifice. Accessory ducts originate from the invagination of the developing duct in two places or from the premature ventral branching of the main duct. Heterotopic ducts may arise from glandular bud positioned in an anomalous site lateral to the stomodeum or from the failure of the intraoral groove development, hindering their proximal canalization. These anomalies require multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment. While ectopic or accessory SG tissue/ducts often do not require any treatment, patients with SG aplasia could benefit from strategies for restoring SG function. This article attempts to review the literature on SG parenchyma and ducts anomalies in head and neck region providing clinicians with a comprehensive range of clinical phenotypes and possible future applications of bioengineered therapies for next-generation of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrezia Togni
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Dental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Mascitti
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Dental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Santarelli
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Dental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy.,National Institute of Health and Science of Aging, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Contaldo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Romano
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Serpico
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Corrado Rubini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
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Ong AA, Koss KR, Hay CY, Nagy ML. Ectopic accessory parotid system with congenital cheek fistula: A case report. INT J PEDIAT OTO CAS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pedeo.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Dutta M, Chatterjee I, Roy S. The ectopic accessory parotid system: A new patient, studied through magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Imaging 2017; 48:40-43. [PMID: 29028512 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The ectopic accessory parotid system (EAPS) connotes an extra parotid tissue with its ductal outlet that is morphologically distinct from the main parotid gland and its drainage system. Clinically presenting as a saliva-draining cheek fistula near the oral commissure, this rare congenital anomaly is almost always associated with ipsilateral preauricular appendages and occasional mandibular hypoplasia, and is considered a variant of the oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum. This report discusses the embryology, clinical details, and management aspects in a new patient, highlighting the role of magnetic resonance imaging in, for the first time, tracking the ectopic salivary system, and establishing its independent existence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainak Dutta
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India.
| | - Indranil Chatterjee
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Soham Roy
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, Chief of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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