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Jeroen M, Alexander VB, Jens D, Annouschka L, Pierre D, Charlotte VL, Wouter H, Vincent VP. Salvage total laryngectomy for squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and hypopharynx: Validated prognostic nomograms predicting oncological outcomes. Head Neck 2024; 46:46-56. [PMID: 37867317 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salvage total laryngectomy (STL) is a preferred treatment for patients with residual, recurrent, and second primary squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx/hypopharynx after (chemo)radiation. To individually estimate postoperative oncological outcomes, we designed and validated prognostic nomograms. METHODS We used a dataset of 290 patients who underwent STL. Nomograms predicting 2- and 5-year OS, DFS, and DSS were developed, using variables which are identified pre- or postoperatively. The nomograms were externally validated on a dataset of 109 patients. RESULTS The nomograms based on postoperative variables performed better than those based on preoperative variables (OS: C = 0.68 vs. 0.64; DFS: C = 0.70 vs. 0.64; DSS: C = 0.74 vs. 0.64). The nomogram predicting DSS based on postoperative variables performed best. CONCLUSIONS The presented prognostic nomograms for predicting oncological outcomes in patients who undergo STL are tools which allow for a reliable prognostic assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meulemans Jeroen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, Section Head and Neck Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Van Boven Alexander
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, Section Head and Neck Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Debacker Jens
- Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laenen Annouschka
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Delaere Pierre
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Van Lierde Charlotte
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, Section Head and Neck Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Huvenne Wouter
- Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vander Poorten Vincent
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, Section Head and Neck Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Hartl DM, Guerlain J, Gorphe P, Kapre M, Kapre Gupta N, Saba NF, Robbins KT, Ronen O, Rodrigo JP, Strojan P, Mäkitie AA, Kowalski LP, Shah JP, Ferlito A. Review of Outcomes after Salvage Surgery for Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4692. [PMID: 37835386 PMCID: PMC10571840 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgery with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy is the mainstay in treatment for advanced stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; however, locoregional recurrences are frequent. Salvage surgery could be proposed in selected patients to improve local control, disease-free, and overall survival. Factors for improved disease-free and overall survival in patients treated with salvage surgery include age, tumor location, the initial T stage, HPV status, resection margins, and the time elapsing from the initial treatment. Clinical trials with adjuvant therapies have shown promise after salvage surgery in terms of tolerance and response, but clinical guidelines for using these adjuvant treatments are currently lacking. The aim of this review is to present current knowledge concerning the incidence and management of recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and current data concerning survival and morbidity after salvage surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M. Hartl
- Department of Anesthesia, Surgery, and Interventional Radiology, Head and Neck Oncology Service, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Joanne Guerlain
- Department of Anesthesia, Surgery, and Interventional Radiology, Head and Neck Oncology Service, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Philippe Gorphe
- Department of Anesthesia, Surgery, and Interventional Radiology, Head and Neck Oncology Service, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Madan Kapre
- Department of ENT and Head Neck Surgery, Neeti Clinics Nagpur, Nagpur 440010, India
| | - Neeti Kapre Gupta
- Department of ENT and Head Neck Surgery, Neeti Clinics Nagpur, Nagpur 440010, India
| | - Nabil F. Saba
- The Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - K. Thomas Robbins
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Southern Illinois University Medical School, Springfield, IL 62703, USA
| | - Ohad Ronen
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Galilee Medical Center Affiliated with Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 5290002, Israel
| | - Juan P. Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, University of Oviedo, IUOPA, ISPA, CIBERONC, 33204 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Primož Strojan
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Antti A. Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luiz P. Kowalski
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology Department, A C Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo 01509-001, Brazil
| | - Jatin P. Shah
- Department of Surgery, Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alfio Ferlito
- Coordinator of the International Head and Neck Scientific Group, 35100 Padua, Italy
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Lee MY, Belfiglio M, Zeng J, Fleming CW, Koyfman S, Joshi NP, Lamarre E, Prendes B, Scharpf J, Lorenz RR, Woody NM, Adelstein DJ, Geiger JL, Chute DJ, Ku JA. Primary Total Laryngectomy versus Organ Preservation for Locally Advanced T3/T4a Laryngeal Cancer. Laryngoscope 2022; 133:1122-1131. [PMID: 35754153 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Organ preservation (OP) treatment for advanced laryngeal cancer has increased compared to primary total laryngectomy. Our study compares oncologic and functional outcomes between these approaches. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Single tertiary care institution. METHODS Retrospective review of patients receiving primary total laryngectomy or OP for laryngeal cancer between 1/1/2000 and 12/31/2018. RESULTS A total of 118 patients received primary total laryngectomy and 119 received OP. Overall survival was similar between total laryngectomy and OP. When stratified by T stage, disease-free survival was worse among T3 patients receiving OP versus total laryngectomy. In T3 patients, 28 OP patients experienced local recurrence (28.9%) compared to 3 total laryngectomy patients (7.1%; p < 0.01). In total, 20 OP patients with local recurrence received salvage surgery. These patients had similar overall survival to patients who underwent initial total laryngectomy (TL). About 14 OP patients with local recurrence did not receive salvage surgery. About 89 (75.4%) TL patients achieved normal diet as compared to 64 (53.8%) OP patients (p < 0.001). In TL patients, 106 (89.8%) received primary or secondary tracheoesophageal-prosthesis, 82 (77.4%) of whom achieved completely understandable speech. CONCLUSIONS There was no difference in survival by treatment in T4 patients, possibly because of strict patient selection. However, disease-free survival was worse in T3 patients receiving OP, likely due to a high local recurrence rate. Approximately 40% of patients with local recurrence were not eligible for salvage laryngectomy. TL patients had comparable swallowing and speech outcomes with OP patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Y Lee
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mario Belfiglio
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Johnathan Zeng
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Christopher W Fleming
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shlomo Koyfman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nikhil P Joshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Eric Lamarre
- Head and Neck Cancer Program, Cleveland Clinic Head and Neck Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Brandon Prendes
- Head and Neck Cancer Program, Cleveland Clinic Head and Neck Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph Scharpf
- Head and Neck Cancer Program, Cleveland Clinic Head and Neck Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert R Lorenz
- Head and Neck Cancer Program, Cleveland Clinic Head and Neck Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Neil M Woody
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - David J Adelstein
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jessica L Geiger
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Deborah J Chute
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jamie A Ku
- Head and Neck Cancer Program, Cleveland Clinic Head and Neck Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Ward MC, Koyfman SA, Bakst RL, Margalit DN, Beadle BM, Beitler JJ, Chang SSW, Cooper JS, Galloway TJ, Ridge JA, Robbins JR, Sacco AG, Tsai CJ, Yom SS, Siddiqui F. Retreatment of Recurrent or Second Primary Head and Neck Cancer After Prior Radiation: Executive Summary of the American Radium Society® (ARS) Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC): Expert Panel on Radiation Oncology - Head and Neck Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022; 113:759-786. [PMID: 35398456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Re-treatment of recurrent or second primary head and neck cancers occurring in a previously irradiated field is complex. Few guidelines exist to support practice. METHODS We performed an updated literature search of peer-reviewed journals in a systematic fashion. Search terms, key questions, and associated clinical case variants were formed by panel consensus. The literature search informed the committee during a blinded vote on the appropriateness of treatment options via the modified Delphi method. RESULTS The final number of citations retained for review was 274. These informed five key questions, which focused on patient selection, adjuvant re-irradiation, definitive re-irradiation, stereotactic body radiation (SBRT), and re-irradiation to treat non-squamous cancer. Results of the consensus voting are presented along with discussion of the most current evidence. CONCLUSIONS This provides updated evidence-based recommendations and guidelines for the re-treatment of recurrent or second primary cancer of the head and neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Ward
- Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina; Southeast Radiation Oncology Group, Charlotte, North Carolina.
| | | | | | - Danielle N Margalit
- Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Beth M Beadle
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | | | | | | | | | - John A Ridge
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jared R Robbins
- University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Assuntina G Sacco
- University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California
| | - C Jillian Tsai
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sue S Yom
- University of California, San Francisco, California
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Sharma BK, Contrera KJ, Jia X, Fleming C, Lorenz RR, Koyfman SA, Mahomva C, Arianpour K, Burkey BB, Fritz M, Ku JA, Lamarre ED, Scharpf J, Prendes BL. Outcomes After Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Salvage Surgery. Laryngoscope 2022; 132:1984-1992. [PMID: 35191537 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Investigate outcomes following oral cavity and oropharyngeal salvage surgery. METHODS Adult patients who underwent salvage surgery for recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx from 1996 to 2018 were analyzed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. Disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), associated factors, and basic quality measures were analyzed. RESULTS One hundred and eight patients (72% oral cavity, 28% oropharynx) were followed for a median of 17.9 months. Median DFS and OS were 9.9 and 21 months, respectively. Surgery with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy compared to surgery alone (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03-0.78) and negative margins (HR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.14-0.90) were associated with better DFS, while lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) (HR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.14-6.19) and higher stage (III vs. I-II, HR = 3.94, 95% CI: 1.22-12.71) were associated with worse DFS. Higher stage was associated with worse OS (HR = 3.79, 95% CI: 1.09-13.19). Patients were hospitalized for a median of 8 days with 24% readmitted within 30 days. A total of 72% and 38% of patients, respectively, underwent placement of a feeding tube or tracheostomy. CONCLUSIONS After oral cavity and oropharyngeal salvage surgery, adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, negative margins, negative LVSI, and lower stage were associated with a lower risk of recurrence. Only lower-stage disease was associated with improved survival. The majority of patients had feeding tubes, half underwent free tissue transfer, a third required tracheostomy, and a quarter was readmitted. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavya K Sharma
- College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Kevin J Contrera
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Xuefei Jia
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Christopher Fleming
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Robert R Lorenz
- Head & Neck Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Shlomo A Koyfman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
| | | | | | - Brian B Burkey
- Head & Neck Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Michael Fritz
- Head & Neck Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Jamie A Ku
- Head & Neck Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Eric D Lamarre
- Head & Neck Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Joseph Scharpf
- Head & Neck Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
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Miśkiewicz-Orczyk K, Ścierski W, Lisowska G, Zięba N, Misiołek M. Factors Associated with Outcomes Following Salvage Surgery for Recurrent Laryngeal Cancer: A Retrospective Study of 50 Cases from a Single Center in Poland. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e932004. [PMID: 34535622 PMCID: PMC8456775 DOI: 10.12659/msm.932004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This retrospective study from a single center in Poland aimed to identify factors associated with outcomes following salvage surgery in 50 patients with recurrent laryngeal cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study group consisted of 50 patients with recurrent laryngeal cancer after primary organ preservation treatment (12 patients after partial surgery, 30 patients after radiation therapy, and 8 patients after prior treatment using both methods). None of the patients received chemotherapy before salvage surgery. All patients with recurrence of laryngeal cancer underwent total laryngectomy with elective bilateral nodal surgery. Local and/or nodal recurrence was considered the failure of primary organ preservation treatment. Efficacy of treatment was assessed in relation to overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), local control (LC), and locoregional control (LRC). RESULTS Treatment results showed a poor prognosis in patients with local and/or nodal recurrence of laryngeal cancer. In the study group, the updated 5-year rates were as follows: OS rate of 26%; DFS rate of 25%; LC rate of 44%; and LRC rate of 39%. Univariate analysis showed that the stage before primary treatment was a predictive factor of OS (P=0.012). CONCLUSIONS The findings from this retrospective study of 50 patients with recurrent laryngeal carcinoma showed that salvage surgery following organ preservation treatment resulted in a 5-year OS rate of 26%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Miśkiewicz-Orczyk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Wojciech Ścierski
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Grażyna Lisowska
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Natalia Zięba
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Maciej Misiołek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
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7
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Twenty-year experience with salvage total laryngectomy: lessons learned. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2021; 135:729-736. [PMID: 34219631 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215121001687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of salvage total laryngectomy and identify areas for further improvement. METHOD A retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent salvage total laryngectomy between January 1999 and December 2018 was performed. RESULTS Thirty-one patients were identified. The most common primary tumour site was the glottis (83.8 per cent). Early stage (T1-T2) disease was identified in 83.9 per cent of cases. Overall survival at 2 and 5 years post-salvage total laryngectomy was 71 per cent and 45 per cent, respectively. Disease-free survival at 2 and 5 years post-salvage total laryngectomy was 65 per cent and 42 per cent, respectively. The rate of post-salvage total laryngectomy pharyngocutaneous fistula was 29 per cent. CONCLUSION More than half of patients will not survive beyond five years after salvage total laryngectomy. Regional recurrence was the most common form of failure and death. From this study, elective lateral and central neck dissection is advocated in patients with early laryngeal cancer who present with an advanced recurrence.
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Vander Poorten V, Meulemans J, Beitler JJ, Piazza C, Kowalski LP, Mäkitie AA, Paleri V, Rinaldo A, Robbins KT, Rodrigo JP, Silver CE, Sjögren EV, Strojan P, Takes RP, Ferlito A. Salvage surgery for residual or recurrent laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma after (Chemo)radiotherapy: Oncological outcomes and prognostic factors. Eur J Surg Oncol 2021; 47:2711-2721. [PMID: 34059377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2021.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsurgical primary treatment of early and advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, employing radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy, is considered a standard of care in many centers throughout the world. When patients have persistent or recurrent disease after non-surgical treatment, salvage surgery is frequently the only remaining potentially curative treatment. Depending on the extent of the residual/recurrent disease, different surgical salvage options are at the surgeon's disposal. In selected cases with limited local disease, salvage transoral laser microsurgery, transoral robotic surgery and open partial laryngectomies can be employed to achieve cure while preserving laryngeal function. For more advanced cases total laryngectomy is necessary. Identifying situations with unacceptable results from surgical salvage may guide future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Vander Poorten
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, Section Head and Neck Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jeroen Meulemans
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, Section Head and Neck Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonathan J Beitler
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Otolaryngology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cesare Piazza
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Brescia, ASST-Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luiz P Kowalski
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antti A Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki, University Hospital, FI-00029, HUS Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vinidh Paleri
- Head and Neck Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, The Institute of Cancer Research, Brompton Road, London, UK
| | | | - K Thomas Robbins
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, University of Oviedo, ISPA, IUOPA, CIBERONC, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carl E Silver
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Elisabeth V Sjögren
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Primož Strojan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert P Takes
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alfio Ferlito
- Coordinator of the International Head and Neck Scientific Group, Padua, Italy
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Survival Outcomes and Predictors for Patients who Failed Chemoradiotherapy/Radiotherapy and Underwent Salvage Total Laryngectomy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020371. [PMID: 33418958 PMCID: PMC7825052 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: To assess the presence of adverse pathological features at the time of salvage total laryngectomy (TL) associated with oncologic outcome. Methods: Ninety patients with persistent/locally recurrent disease and who subsequently underwent salvage TL after definitive treatment by radiation alone (RTO) or concurrent chemo-radiation (CCRT) from 2009 to 2018 were retrospectively enrolled. Kaplan–Meier methods were used to estimate overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and disease-free survival (DFS). Results: Lymphovascular invasion (LVI), perineural invasion, positive margin, and stage IV disease were associated with worse survival in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of LVI and positive margin were both independent negative predictors in OS (LVI: adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 2.537, 95% CI: 1.163–5.532, p = 0.019; positive margin: aHR = 5.68, 95% CI: 1.996–16.166, p = 0.001), DSS (LVI: aHR = 2.975, 95% CI: 1.228–7.206, p = 0.016); positive margin: aHR = 11.338, 95% CI: 2.438–52.733, p = 0.002), and DFS (LVI: aHR 2.705, 95% CI: 1.257–5.821, p = 0.011; positive margin (aHR = 6.632, 95% CI: 2.047–21.487, p = 0.002). Conclusions: The presence of LVI and positive margin were both associated with poor OS, DSS, and DFS among patients who underwent salvage TL after failure of RTO/CCRT. The role of adjuvant therapy for high-risk patients after salvage TL to improve the chance of survival requires more investigation in the future.
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Prognostic Significance of Oxidation Pathway Mutations in Recurrent Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113081. [PMID: 33105726 PMCID: PMC7690434 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Organ preservation protocols have become first line therapy for the majority of advanced laryngeal cancers. Unfortunately, up to one third of patients will develop recurrent disease requiring salvage surgery. These tumors tend to display aggressive features when compared to primary disease. The aim of this study is to identify genomic alterations associated with poor prognosis in the recurrent setting to guide precision therapy and identify potential targetable pathways. Here we show that mutations in the oxidation pathway, specifically the KEAP1-NFR2 pathway, predict survival in a cohort of patients undergoing salvage laryngectomy. Abstract Organ preservation protocols are commonly used as first line therapy for advanced laryngeal cancer. Recurrence thereafter is associated with poor survival. The aim of this study is to identify genetic alterations associated with survival among patients with recurrent laryngeal cancer undergoing salvage laryngectomy. Sixty-two patients were sequenced using a targeted panel, of which twenty-two also underwent transcriptome sequencing. Alterations were grouped based on biologic pathways and survival outcomes were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate cox regression. Select pathways were evaluated against The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. Patients with mutations in the Oxidation pathway had significantly worse five-year disease specific survival (1% vs. 76%, p = 0.02), while mutations in the HN-Immunity pathway were associated with improved five-year disease specific survival (100% vs. 62%, p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis showed mutations in the Oxidation pathway remained an independent predictor of disease specific survival (HR 3.2, 95% CI 1.1–9.2, p = 0.03). Transcriptome analysis of recurrent tumors demonstrated that alterations in the Oxidation pathway were associated a positive Ragnum hypoxia signature score, consistent with enhanced pathway activity. Further, TCGA analyses demonstrated the prognostic value of oxidation pathway alterations in previously untreated disease. Alterations in the Oxidation pathway are associated with survival among patients with recurrent laryngeal cancer. These prognostic genetic biomarkers may inform precision medicine protocols and identify putatively targetable pathways to improve survival in this cohort.
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Smith JB, Shew M, Karadaghy OA, Nallani R, Sykes KJ, Gan GN, Brant JA, Bur AM. Predicting salvage laryngectomy in patients treated with primary nonsurgical therapy for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma using machine learning. Head Neck 2020; 42:2330-2339. [PMID: 32383544 PMCID: PMC10601023 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Machine learning (ML) algorithms may predict patients who will require salvage total laryngectomy (STL) after primary radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS Patients treated for T1-T3a laryngeal SCC were identified from the National Cancer Database. Multiple ML algorithms were trained to predict which patients would go on to require STL after primary nonsurgical treatment. RESULTS A total of 16 440 cases were included. The best classification performance was achieved with a gradient boosting algorithm, which achieved accuracy of 76.0% (95% CI 74.5-77.5) and area under the curve = 0.762. The most important variables used to construct the model were distance from residence to treating facility and days from diagnosis to start of treatment. CONCLUSION We can identify patients likely to fail primary radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy and who will go on to require STL by applying ML techniques and argue for high-quality, multidisciplinary regionalized care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B. Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Matthew Shew
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Omar A. Karadaghy
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Rohit Nallani
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Kevin J. Sykes
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Gregory N. Gan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Jason A. Brant
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospitals of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrés M. Bur
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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Meulemans J, Debacker J, Demarsin H, Vanclooster C, Neyt P, Mennes T, Vauterin T, Huvenne W, Laenen A, Delaere P, Vander Poorten V. Oncologic Outcomes After Salvage Laryngectomy for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx and Hypopharynx: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 28:1751-1761. [PMID: 32860174 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-09017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to analyze oncologic outcomes and identify patterns of failure and negative prognostic factors in patients who underwent salvage total laryngectomy (STL) for residual, recurrent, and second primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the larynx and hypopharynx. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent STL in four major Belgian reference hospitals between 2002 and 2018 for residual/recurrent/second primary SCC in the larynx or hypopharynx after initial (chemo)radiation. Prognostic factors for oncologic outcomes were identified using univariable and multivariable analysis. RESULTS A total of 405 patients were included in the final analysis. Five-year overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), disease-free survival (DFS), and locoregional relapse-free survival (LRFS) estimates were 47.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 42.0-53.2%), 68.7% (95% CI 63.7-73.7%), 42.1% (95% CI 36.7-47.4%), and 44.3% (95% CI 38.8-49.7%), respectively. In a multivariable model, increasing clinical tumor stage of the residual/recurrent/second primary tumor, increasing number of metastatic cervical lymph nodes retrieved during neck dissection, hypopharyngeal and supraglottic tumor location, positive section margin status and perineural invasion were independent negative prognostic variables for OS, DSS, DFS, and LRFS. The type of second tumor was identified as an additional independent prognosticator for DSS, with local recurrences and second primary tumors having a better prognosis than residual tumor. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Favorable oncologic outcomes are reported after STL. Increasing clinical tumor stage, increasing number of metastatic cervical lymph nodes, hypopharyngeal and supraglottic tumor location, positive section margins, and perineural invasion are identified as independent negative prognosticators for all oncologic outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Meulemans
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Louvain, Belgium.,Department of Oncology, Section Head and Neck Oncology, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Jens Debacker
- Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Demarsin
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | | | - Peter Neyt
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, AZ Sint-Lucas, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tillo Mennes
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Louvain, Belgium.,Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, AZ Sint-Jan, Brugge, Belgium
| | - Tom Vauterin
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, AZ Sint-Jan, Brugge, Belgium
| | - Wouter Huvenne
- Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Head and Neck Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annouschka Laenen
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Pierre Delaere
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Vincent Vander Poorten
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Louvain, Belgium. .,Department of Oncology, Section Head and Neck Oncology, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium.
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León X, Montoro V, Rovira C, Neumann E, López M, García J, Quer M. Resultados oncológicos de la laringectomía de rescate en pacientes con carcinomas escamosos de laringe. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2020; 71:70-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otorri.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Oncological Results of Salvage Laryngectomy in Patients With Laryngeal Carcinoma. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otoeng.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Mimica X, Hanson M, Cohen MA. Reply to the letter of the editor: Is tailored management better than salvage in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas? Head Neck 2019; 42:358-359. [PMID: 31721377 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Mimica
- Head and Neck Service, Hospital Doctor Sotero del Rio, Chile
| | - Martin Hanson
- Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Australia
| | - Marc A Cohen
- Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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16
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Mimica X, Hanson M, Patel SG, McGill M, McBride S, Lee N, Dunn LA, Cracchiolo JR, Shah JP, Wong RJ, Ganly I, Cohen MA. Salvage surgery for recurrent larynx cancer. Head Neck 2019; 41:3906-3915. [PMID: 31433540 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advances in treatment, the recurrence rates for laryngeal cancer range from 16% to 40%. METHODS Patients with recurrent laryngeal cancer treated at Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) from 1999 to 2016 were reviewed. Survival outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS Of 241 patients, 88% were male; the median age was 67 years; 71% had primary glottic tumors. At initial treatment, 72% of patients were seen with early stage disease; primary treatment was radiation (68%), chemoradiation (29%), and surgery (3%). The most common salvage surgery was total laryngectomy (74%). Forty-seven percentage were upstaged at salvage surgery. The 2- and 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) was 74% and 57%, respectively. Patients with cT4 disease treated with nonsurgical primary management had a 0% 5-year DSS. Independent predictors of DSS were tumor location, perineural invasion, margin, and stage. CONCLUSIONS Salvage surgery results in acceptable oncologic outcomes. Stage, disease site, perineural invasion, and margins are associated with inferior DSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Mimica
- Department of Surgery, Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Martin Hanson
- Department of Surgery, Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Snehal G Patel
- Department of Surgery, Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Marlena McGill
- Department of Surgery, Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sean McBride
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nancy Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lara A Dunn
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer R Cracchiolo
- Department of Surgery, Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jatin P Shah
- Department of Surgery, Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Richard J Wong
- Department of Surgery, Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ian Ganly
- Department of Surgery, Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Marc A Cohen
- Department of Surgery, Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Silverman DA, Puram SV, Rocco JW, Old MO, Kang SY. Salvage laryngectomy following organ-preservation therapy – An evidence-based review. Oral Oncol 2019; 88:137-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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