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Gao L, Wang H, Fang F, Liu J, Zhao C, Niu J, Wang Z, Zhong Y, Wang X. The roles of orphan nuclear receptor 4 group A1 and A2 in fibrosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112705. [PMID: 39029235 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis is not a disease but rather an outcome of the pathological tissue repair response. Many myofibroblasts are activated which lead to the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components such as collagen and fibronectin with fibrosis. A variety of organs, including kidney, liver, lung, heart and skin, can undergo fibrosis under the stimulation of exogenous or endogenous pathogenic factors. The orphan nuclear receptor 4 group A1 (NR4A1) and nuclear receptor 4 group A2(NR4A2)are belong to the nuclear receptor subfamily and inhibit the occurrence and development of fibrosis. NR4A1 is an inhibitory factor of TGF-β signaling transduction. Overexpression of NR4A1 in fibroblasts can reduce TGF-β induced collagen deposition and fibrosis related gene expression. Here, we summarize the current research progress on the NR4A1/2 and fibrosis, providing reference for the treatment of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanjun Gao
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Hongshuang Wang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Jiazhi Liu
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Jieqi Niu
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns Research, Shijiazhuang 050091, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns Research, Shijiazhuang 050091, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China.
| | - Xiangting Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns Research, Shijiazhuang 050091, China.
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2
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Wang H, Zhang M, Fang F, Xu C, Liu J, Gao L, Zhao C, Wang Z, Zhong Y, Wang X. The nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A1 in human disease. Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 101:148-159. [PMID: 36861809 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2022-0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1), a member of the NR4A subfamily, acts as a gene regulator in a wide range of signaling pathways and responses to human diseases. Here, we provide a brief overview of the current functions of NR4A1 in human diseases and the factors involved in its function. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms can potentially improve drug development and disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuang Wang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Mengjuan Zhang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Jiazhi Liu
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Lanjun Gao
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns Research, Shijiazhuang 050091, China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns Research, Shijiazhuang 050091, China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Xiangting Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns Research, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
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3
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Szczepanski HE, Flannigan KL, Mainoli B, Alston L, Baruta GM, Lee JW, Venu VKP, Shearer J, Dufour A, Hirota SA. NR4A1 modulates intestinal smooth muscle cell phenotype and dampens inflammation-associated intestinal remodeling. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22609. [PMID: 36250380 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101817rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Stricture formation is a common complication of Crohn's disease (CD), driven by enhanced deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) and expansion of the intestinal smooth muscle layers. Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1) is an orphan nuclear receptor that exhibits anti-proliferative effects in smooth muscle cells (SMCs). We hypothesized that NR4A1 regulates intestinal SMC proliferation and muscle thickening in the context of inflammation. Intestinal SMCs isolated from Nr4a1+/+ and Nr4a1-/- littermates were subjected to shotgun proteomic analysis, proliferation, and bioenergetic assays. Proliferation was assessed in the presence and absence of NR4A1 agonists, cytosporone-B (Csn-B) and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP). In vivo, we compared colonic smooth muscle thickening in Nr4a1+/+ and Nr4a1-/- mice using the chronic dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) model of colitis. Second, SAMP1/YitFc mice (a model of spontaneous ileitis) were treated with Csn-B and small intestinal smooth muscle thickening was assessed. SMCs isolated from Nr4a1-/- mice exhibited increased abundance of proteins related to cell proliferation, metabolism, and ECM production, whereas Nr4a1+/+ SMCs highly expressed proteins related to the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and contractile processes. SMCs isolated from Nr4a1-/- mice exhibited increased proliferation and alterations in cellular metabolism, whereas activation of NR4A1 attenuated proliferation. In vivo, Nr4a1-/- mice exhibited increased colonic smooth muscle thickness following repeated cycles of DSS. Activating NR4A1 with Csn-B, in the context of established inflammation, reduced ileal smooth muscle thickening in SAMP1/YitFc mice. Targeting NR4A1 may provide a novel approach to regulate intestinal SMC phenotype, limiting excessive proliferation that contributes to stricture development in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly E Szczepanski
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kyle L Flannigan
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Barbara Mainoli
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Laurie Alston
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Grace M Baruta
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joshua W Lee
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vivek Krishna Pulakazhi Venu
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jane Shearer
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Simon A Hirota
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Immunology, Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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4
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Huang Q, Xu J, Ge Y, Shi Y, Wang F, Zhu M. NR4A1 inhibits the epithelial–mesenchymal transition of hepatic stellate cells: Involvement of TGF-β–Smad2/3/4–ZEB signaling. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:447-454. [PMID: 35600274 PMCID: PMC9070444 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine whether nuclear receptor 4a1 (NR4A1) is involved in inhibiting hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and liver fibrosis through the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). HSC-T6 cells were divided into the control group, the acetaldehyde (200 μM, an EMT activator) group, and the NR4A1 activation group (Cytosporone B; 1 μM). The expression levels of the epithelial marker E-cadherin, the mesenchymal markers fibronectin (FN), vimentin, smooth muscle alpha-actin (α-SMA), and fibroblast-specific protein 1 (FSP-1), and the components of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β pathway were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Compared with the control group, E-cadherin in the acetaldehyde group was downregulated, whereas FN, FSP-1, vimentin, α-SMA, and COL1A1/COL1A2 were upregulated (P < 0.05). Compared with the acetaldehyde group, NR4A1 agonist upregulated E-cadherin and downregulated FN, FSP-1, vimentin, α-SMA, and COL1A1/COL1A2 (P < 0.05). After acetaldehyde stimulation, TGF-β, Smad2/3/4, and zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox (ZEB) were upregulated, while Smad7 mRNA levels were downregulated (all P < 0.05). Compared with acetaldehyde alone, NR4A1 agonist increased Smad7 mRNA levels and reduced TGF-β, Smad2/3/4, and ZEB mRNA levels (all P < 0.05). NR4A1 activation suppresses acetaldehyde-induced EMT, as shown by epithelial and mesenchymal marker expression. The inhibition of the TGF-β–Smad2/3/4–ZEB signaling during HSC activation might be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Hangzhou , 310023 , China
| | - Jingying Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Hangzhou , 310023 , China
| | - Yanyan Ge
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Hangzhou , 310009 , China
| | - Yue Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Hangzhou , 310023 , China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Hangzhou , 310023 , China
| | - Mingli Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Hangzhou , 310023 , China
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5
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Exploring the Citrus Sour Rot pathogen: biochemical aspects, virulence factors, and strategies for disease management - a review. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Patel P. Water-Mediated ortho-Carboxymethylation of Aryl Ketones under Ir(III)-Catalytic Conditions: Step Economy Total Synthesis of Cytosporones A-C. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4852-4862. [PMID: 35297630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An expeditious Ir(III)-catalyzed carboxymethylation of aryl ketone with diazotized Meldrum's acid has been developed in aqueous medium. Flavanone and chromanone were also found to be facile substrates with the developed catalytic system. Mechanistic studies revealed the active catalytic species and the role of water in the reaction process as hydroxy and proton sources. Employing the developed method, total synthesis of cytosporone A was achieved in two steps and that of cytosporones B-C was achieved in three steps starting from resorcinol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitambar Patel
- Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
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7
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Safe S, Shrestha R, Mohankumar K. Orphan nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1) and novel ligands. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:877-886. [PMID: 34096590 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of transcription factors encodes expression of 48 human genes that are important for maintaining cellular homeostasis and in pathophysiology, and this has been observed for all sub-families including orphan receptors for which endogenous ligands have not yet been identified. The orphan NR4A1 (Nur77 and TR3) and other members of this sub-family (NR4A2 and NR4A3) are immediate early genes induced by diverse stressors, and these receptors play an important role in the immune function and are up-regulated in some inflammatory diseases including solid tumors. Although endogenous ligands for NR4A have not been identified, several different classes of compounds have been characterized as NR4A1 ligands that bind the receptor. These compounds include cytosporone B and structurally related analogs, bis-indole derived (CDIM) compounds, the triterpenoid celastrol and a number of other chemicals including polyunsaturated fatty acids. NR4A1 ligands bind different regions/surfaces of NR4A1 and exhibit selective NR4A1 modulator (SNR4AM) activities that are dependent on ligand structure and cell/tissue context. NR4A1 ligands exhibit pharmacologic activities in studies on cancer, endometriosis metabolic and inflammatory diseases and are promising agents with clinical potential for treating multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, U.S.A
| | - Rupesh Shrestha
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, U.S.A
| | - Kumaravel Mohankumar
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, U.S.A
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Pulakazhi Venu VK, Alston L, Iftinca M, Tsai YC, Stephens M, Warriyar K V V, Rehal S, Hudson G, Szczepanski H, von der Weid PY, Altier C, Hirota SA. Nr4A1 modulates inflammation-associated intestinal fibrosis and dampens fibrogenic signaling in myofibroblasts. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 321:G280-G297. [PMID: 34288735 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00338.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is a common complication of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), contributing to tissue stiffening and luminal narrowing. Human nuclear receptor 4A 1 (NR4A1) was previously reported to regulate mesenchymal cell function and dampen fibrogenic signaling. NR4A1 gene variants are associated with IBD risk, and it has been shown to regulate intestinal inflammation. Here, we tested the hypothesis that NR4A1 acts as a negative regulator of intestinal fibrosis through regulating myofibroblast function. Using the SAMP1/YitFc mouse, we tested whether two pharmacological agents known to enhance NR4A1 signaling, cytosporone B (Csn-B) or 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), could reduce fibrosis. We also used the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) model of colitis and assessed the magnitude of colonic fibrosis in mouse nuclear receptor 4A 1 (Nr4a1-/-) and their wild-type littermates (Nr4a1+/+). Lastly, intestinal myofibroblasts isolated from Nr4a1-/- and Nr4a1+/+ mice or primary human intestinal myofibroblasts were stimulated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), in the presence or absence of Csn-B or 6-MP, and proliferation and ECM gene expression assessed. Csn-B or 6-MP treatment significantly reduced ileal thickness, collagen, and overall ECM content in SAMP1/YitFc mice. This was associated with a reduction in proliferative markers within the mesenchymal compartment. Nr4a1-/- mice exposed to DSS exhibited increased colonic thickening and ECM content. Nr4a1-/- myofibroblasts displayed enhanced TGF-β1-induced proliferation. Furthermore, Csn-B or 6-MP treatment was antiproliferative in Nr4a1+/+ but not Nr4a1-/- cells. Lastly, activating NR4A1 in human myofibroblasts reduced TGF-β1-induced collagen deposition and fibrosis-related gene expression. Our data suggest that NR4A1 can attenuate fibrotic processes in intestinal myofibroblasts and could provide a valuable clinical target to treat inflammation-associated intestinal fibrosis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Fibrosis and increased muscle thickening contribute to stricture formation and intestinal obstruction, a complication that occurs in 30%-50% of patients with CD within 10 yr of disease onset. More than 50% of those who undergo surgery to remove the obstructed bowel will experience stricture recurrence. To date, there are no drug-based approaches approved to treat intestinal strictures. In the current submission, we identify NR4A1 as a novel target to treat inflammation-associated intestinal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Krishna Pulakazhi Venu
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Laurie Alston
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mircea Iftinca
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yi-Cheng Tsai
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew Stephens
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vineetha Warriyar K V
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sonia Rehal
- Department of Advanced Diagnostics, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Grace Hudson
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Holly Szczepanski
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pierre-Yves von der Weid
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christophe Altier
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Simon A Hirota
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Immunology, Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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9
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Kim TH, Lee HS, Oh SJ, Hwang CW, Jung WK. Phlorotannins ameliorate extracellular matrix production in human vocal fold fibroblasts and prevent vocal fold fibrosis via aerosol inhalation in a laser-induced fibrosis model. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:1918-1928. [PMID: 33049121 DOI: 10.1002/term.3140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vocal fold fibrosis is an abnormal condition characterized by unfavorable changes in the organization of the extracellular matrix in vocal fold lamina propria. To prevent and treat vocal fold fibrosis, a number of synthetic drugs, such as mitomycin C and the glucocorticoid family, are used after surgery, but these are known to have some side effects. Therefore, using both in vitro and in vivo studies, this study investigated whether phlorotannins extracted from Ecklonia cava have the potential to prevent vocal fold fibrosis with minimal side effects. The results show that phlorotannins suppressed both the expression of the fibrotic phenotypic marker and cell migration by inhibiting the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Smad2/3 signaling pathways in human vocal fold fibroblasts stimulated by transforming growth factor-β. Additionally, phlorotannins exhibited antifibrotic efficacy without an excessive inflammatory response in a laser-induced fibrosis rabbit model when delivered as an aerosol via inhalation. Based on these results, phlorotannins should be considered a promising candidate for use in the prevention of vocal fold fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and New-Senior Healthcare Innovation Center (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Shin Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ju Oh
- Department of Pathology, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Woo Hwang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and New-Senior Healthcare Innovation Center (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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10
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Xu H, Fan GK. The Role of Cytokines in Modulating Vocal Fold Fibrosis: A Contemporary Review. Laryngoscope 2020; 131:139-145. [PMID: 32293731 DOI: 10.1002/lary.28507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vocal fold (VF) scarring and laryngeal stenosis are a significant clinical challenge. Excessive scar formation causes low voice quality or even life-threatening obstructions. Cytokines are thought to modulate multiple steps of the establishment of VF fibrosis, but there is no systematic report regarding their role in modulating VF fibrosis. This review aims to investigate the role of cytokines in modulating vocal fold fibrosis. STUDY DESIGN Literature review. METHODS This review searched for all relevant peer publications in English for the period 2009 to 2019 in the PubMed database using search terms: "laryngeal stenosis," "vocal fold scarring," and "cytokines." A thorough investigation of the methods and results of the reviewed studies was performed. RESULTS Comprehensive research in various studies, including analyses of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3), and interleukin-10 (IL-10), supports cytokine therapy for VF scarring and laryngeal stenosis to some extent. A few clinical studies on this topic support the conclusion that HGF and bFGF can be selected as effective drugs, and no serious side effects were found. CONCLUSIONS This review describes the potential of cytokines for modulating the process of VF fibrogenesis, although cytokines are still an unproven treatment method. As no ideal drugs exist, cytokines may be considered the candidate treatment for preventing VF fibrogenesis. Laryngoscope, 131:139-145, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Kang Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Xu H, Wang Q, Fan GK. The Antiproliferative and Antifibrotic Effects of Cisplatin on Primary Human Vocal Fold Fibroblasts. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2020; 82:188-200. [PMID: 32268330 DOI: 10.1159/000506708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vocal fold scarring and laryngeal stenosis are major clinical challenges. Current drugs do not efficiently reduce scarring. We examined the antiproliferative and antifibrotic effects of cisplatin on primary human vocal fold fibroblasts (HVFFs). METHODS HVFFs were cultured in vitro and identified by immunocytochemistry. The relative viability of HVFFs was analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8 assays (CCK-8). The fibrogenic phenotype was induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and reversed by cisplatin as shown by immunocytochemistry. Real-time PCR and Western blotting assessed collagen III and I. Western blotting for Smad2, p-Smad2, Smad-3, p-Smad3 and caspase-3 were performed. RESULTS CCK-8 results showed that cisplatin decreased the relative viability of HVFFs, and Western blots revealed elevation of the apoptosis-related protein caspase-3 in HVFFs. Cisplatin treatment reduced α-smooth muscle actin staining intensity in the presence of TGF-β1. Real-time PCR revealed the downregulation of collagen III and I in cisplatin-treated HVFFs. The TGF-β1-induced increased fibrogenic protein levels were decreased by cisplatin. Reduced levels were detected at late time points. CONCLUSIONS Cisplatin induces antiproliferative and antifibrotic alterations in HVFFs. Cisplatin may prevent postoperative vocal fold scarring and laryngeal stenosis in patients treated with CO2 laser microsurgery and undergoing delayed wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Kang Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,
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12
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Mora-Navarro C, Badileanu A, Gracioso Martins AM, Ozpinar EW, Gaffney L, Huntress I, Harrell E, Enders JR, Peng X, Branski RC, Freytes DO. Porcine Vocal Fold Lamina Propria-Derived Biomaterials Modulate TGF-β1-Mediated Fibroblast Activation in Vitro. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:1690-1703. [PMID: 33455360 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The vocal fold lamina propria (VFLP), one of the outermost layers of the vocal fold (VF), is composed of tissue-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and is highly susceptible to injury. Various biomaterials have been clinically tested to treat voice disorders (e.g., hydrogels, fat, and hyaluronic acid), but satisfactory recovery of the VF functionality remains elusive. Fibrosis or scar formation in the VF is a major challenge, and the development and refinement of novel therapeutics that promote the healing and normal function of the VF are needed. Injectable hydrogels derived from native tissues have been previously reported with major advantages over synthetic hydrogels, including constructive tissue remodeling and reduced scar tissue formation. This study aims to characterize the composition of a decellularized porcine VFLP-ECM scaffold and the cytocompatibility and potential antifibrotic properties of a hydrogel derived from VFLP-ECM. In addition, we isolated potential matrix-bound vesicles (MBVs) and macromolecules from the VFLP-ECM that also downregulated smooth muscle actin ACTA2 under transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) stimulation. The results provide evidence of the unique protein composition of the VFLP-ECM and the potential link between the components of the VFLP-ECM and the inhibition of TGF-β1 signaling observed in vitro when transformed into injectable forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Mora-Navarro
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University/ University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Andreea Badileanu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University/ University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Ana M Gracioso Martins
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University/ University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Emily W Ozpinar
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University/ University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Lewis Gaffney
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University/ University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Ian Huntress
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Erin Harrell
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Enders
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Xinxia Peng
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Ryan C Branski
- NYU Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016-6402, United States
| | - Donald O Freytes
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University/ University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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Pathophysiology of Fibrosis in the Vocal Fold: Current Research, Future Treatment Strategies, and Obstacles to Restoring Vocal Fold Pliability. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102551. [PMID: 31137626 PMCID: PMC6567075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication by voice depends on symmetrical vibrations within the vocal folds (VFs) and is indispensable for various occupations. VF scarring is one of the main reasons for permanent dysphonia and results from injury to the unique layered structure of the VFs. The increased collagen and decreased hyaluronic acid within VF scars lead to a loss of pliability of the VFs and significantly decreases their capacity to vibrate. As there is currently no definitive treatment for VF scarring, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering have become increasingly important research areas within otolaryngology. Several recent reviews have described the problem of VF scarring and various possible solutions, including tissue engineered cells and tissues, biomaterial implants, stem cells, growth factors, anti-inflammatory cytokines antifibrotic agents. Despite considerable research progress, these technical advances have not been established as routine clinical procedures. This review focuses on emerging techniques for restoring VF pliability using various approaches. We discuss our studies on interactions among adipose-derived stem/stromal cells, antifibrotic agents, and VF fibroblasts using an in vitro model. We also identify some obstacles to advances in research.
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14
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Cytosporone B as a Biological Preservative: Purification, Fungicidal Activity and Mechanism of Action against Geotrichum citri-aurantii. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9040125. [PMID: 30934892 PMCID: PMC6523523 DOI: 10.3390/biom9040125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To prevent citrus decay caused by Geotrichum citri-aurantii, 12 natural products were isolated from two endophytic fungi, in which cytosporone B was shown to have excellent bioactivity for control of G. citri-aurantii with median effect concentration (EC50) of 26.11 μg/mL and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 105 μg/mL, and also significantly reduced the decay of sugar orange during the in vivo trials. In addition, cytosporone B could alter the morphology of G. citri-aurantii by causing distortion of the mycelia and loss of membrane integrity. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between cytosporone B-treated and -untreated samples were revealed by Illumina sequencing, including 3540 unigenes. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses showed that most DEGs were related to metabolic production and cell membrane. These findings suggest cytosporone B is a promising biological preservative to control citrus decay and reveal the action mechanism of cytosporone B in relation to the destruction of the fungal cell membrane at both morphological and molecular levels.
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