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Chen Z, Zhang JY, Jiang Q, Bao YY, Li ZM, Zhou SH, Zhong JT, Fu ZM, Cao ZZ, Fan J, Yao HT. Pepsin Increases the Proliferation of Vocal Cord Leukoplakia Epithelial Cells by Inducing Autophagy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 169:1247-1258. [PMID: 37264983 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of H+ /K+ ATPase in the proliferation of pepsin-induced vocal cord leukoplakia (VCL) cells. STUDY DESIGN Translation research. SETTING Affiliated Hospital of University. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to detect pepsin, H+ /K+ ATPase (ATP4A and ATP4B subunits) in VCL cells with varying degrees of dysplasia. After primary cultures of VCL cells had been established, the effects of acidified pepsin on the proliferation, autophagy, and H+ /K+ -ATPase distribution of VCL cells were investigated. RESULTS The levels of pepsin, ATP4A, and ATP4B were significantly higher in VCL tissue with moderate-to-severe dysplasia than in normal tissue (p < .05); these levels gradually increased according to dysplasia severity. The expression levels of ATP4A and ATP4B were significantly correlated with the amount of pepsin in VCL cells (p < .01). Acidified pepsin enhanced the levels of proliferation and autophagy in human VCL epithelial cells. The cloning- and autophagy-promoting effects of acidified pepsin on VCL cells were partially reversed by pantoprazole; these effects were completely blocked by the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. Finally, acidified pepsin promoted the colocalization of H+ /K+ -ATPase and lysosomes in VCL cells; it also mediated lysosome acidification. CONCLUSION Pepsin and H+ /K+ -ATPase may contribute to the progression of VCL. Specifically, acidified pepsin may regulate lysosome acidification by promoting lysosomal localization of H+ /K+ -ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Yu Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yang-Yang Bao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Mei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Zhoushan Hospital of Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shui-Hong Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jiang-Tao Zhong
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Ming Fu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Zai-Zai Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jun Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Tian Yao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Stabenau KA, Samuels TL, Lam TK, Mathison AJ, Wells C, Altman KW, Battle MA, Johnston N. Pepsinogen/Proton Pump Co-Expression in Barrett's Esophageal Cells Induces Cancer-Associated Changes. Laryngoscope 2023; 133:59-69. [PMID: 35315085 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVE At the conclusion of this presentation, participants should better understand the carcinogenic potential of pepsin and proton pump expression in Barrett's esophagus. OBJECTIVE Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a well-known risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Gastric H+ /K+ ATPase proton pump and pepsin expression has been demonstrated in some cases of BE; however, the contribution of local pepsin and proton pump expression to carcinogenesis is unknown. In this study, RNA sequencing was used to examine global transcriptomic changes in a BE cell line ectopically expressing pepsinogen and/or gastric H+ /K+ ATPase proton pumps. STUDY DESIGN In vitro translational. METHODS BAR-T, a human BE cell line devoid of expression of pepsinogen or proton pumps, was transduced by lentivirus-encoding pepsinogen (PGA5) and/or gastric proton pump subunits (ATP4A, ATP4B). Changes relative to the parental line were assessed by RNA sequencing. RESULTS Top canonical pathways associated with protein-coding genes differentially expressed in pepsinogen and/or proton pump expressing BAR-T cells included those involved in the tumor microenvironment and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Top upstream regulators of coding transcripts included TGFB1 and ERBB2, which are associated with the pathogenesis and prognosis of BE and EAC. Top upstream regulators of noncoding transcripts included p300-CBP, I-BET-151, and CD93, which have previously described associations with EAC or carcinogenesis. The top associated disease of both coding and noncoding transcripts was cancer. CONCLUSIONS These data support the carcinogenic potential of pepsin and proton pump expression in BE and reveal molecular pathways affected by their expression. Further study is warranted to investigate the role of these pathways in carcinogenesis associated with BE. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 133:59-69, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleigh A Stabenau
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tina L Samuels
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tina K Lam
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Angela J Mathison
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Clive Wells
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kenneth W Altman
- Department of Otolaryngology, Geisinger Health System, Danville, California, USA
| | - Michele A Battle
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nikki Johnston
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Yu L, Li R, Du L, Zhao Y. The diagnostic value of pepsin concentration in saliva for laryngopharyngeal reflux disease. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 279:5783-5789. [PMID: 35689682 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07472-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the diagnostic efficacy of pepsin concentration in saliva for laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) disease. METHODS In this study, we recruited 40 participants with abnormal sensation of throat into the study who visited our hospital from March 2020 to December 2020. The 24 h multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH monitoring (24 h MII-pH), reflux symptom index (RSI) and reflux finding score (RFS), pepsin concentration in saliva were collected. The Cohen's kappa test and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to determine and compare the sensitivity and specificity of five diagnostic methods: RSI; RFS, pepsin concentration, RSI + RFS, RSI + RFS + pepsin concentration. RESULTS The area under the curve (AUC) of RSI, RFS, pepsin concentration, RSI + RFS, RSI + RFS + pepsin concentration were 0.767, 0.733, 0.870, 0.750,0.867, respectively. That is, the pepsin concentration has maximum AUC (the cutoff point is 219.47 (ng/mL); the sensitivity and 1-specificity is 0.300, 0.933, respectively.). The positive predictive value was 90.3% (28/31), and the negative predictive value was 77.8% (7/9). The Cohen's kappa coefficients of the five diagnostic subgroups were: RSI 0.486 (95% CI 0.207-0.764, P = 0.001); RFS 0.333 (95% CI 0.021-0.644, P = 0.032); RSI + RFS: 0.517 (95% CI 0.205-0.829, P = 0.001); pepsin concentration: 0.699 (95% CI 0.379-0.931, P = 0.001); RSI + RFS + pepsin concentration: 0.500 (95% CI 0.181-0.819, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The pepsin concentration has the maximum AUC area and highest consistency with the 24 h MII-pH. Therefore, it has certain value in the screening and diagnosis of diseases related to LPR disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Linnan Du
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
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The role of Glut-1 and H +/K +-ATPase expression in hyperplasia of mice laryngeal epithelium induced by pepsin. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 279:2981-2987. [PMID: 35083516 PMCID: PMC9072270 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-07221-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To explore the role played by Glut-1 and H+/K+-ATPase in pepsin-induced, mouse laryngeal epithelial proliferation, growth, and development. Methods We established a mouse model of laryngopharyngeal reflux and measured Glut-1 and H+/K+-ATPase expression levels in mouse laryngeal epithelium treated with artificial gastric juice containing pepsin. Results Artificial pepsin-containing gastric juice induced significant hyperplastic changes in mouse laryngeal epithelium compared to control mice at 15, 30, and 45 days. Inhibition of Glut-1 expression by 2-DG significantly suppressed such hyperplasia compared to mice exposed to artificial gastric juice containing pepsin at 15, 30, and 45 days. After treatment with pepsin-containing artificial gastric juice, RT-PCR and Western blotting showed that the levels of Glut-1 and H+/K+-ATPase α, β increased significantly. Conclusions Pepsin-containing artificial gastric juice promoted mouse laryngeal epithelial hyperplasia associated with abnormal expression of Glut-1 and H+/K+-ATPase α, β.
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5
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Li Y, Xu G, Zhou B, Tang Y, Liu X, Wu Y, Wang Y, Kong J, Xu T, He C, Zhu S, Wang X, Zhang J. Effects of acids, pepsin, bile acids, and trypsin on laryngopharyngeal reflux diseases: physiopathology and therapeutic targets. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 279:2743-2752. [PMID: 34860271 PMCID: PMC9072476 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-07201-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) is a general term for the reflux of gastroduodenal contents into the laryngopharynx, oropharynx and even the nasopharynx, causing a series of symptoms and signs. Currently, little is known regarding the physiopathology of LPRD, and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the drugs of choice for treatment. Although acid reflux plays a critical role in LPRD, PPIs fail to relieve symptoms in up to 40% of patients with LPRD. The influence of other reflux substances on LPRD, including pepsin, bile acid, and trypsin, has received increasing attention. Clarification of the substances involved in LPRD is the basis for LPRD treatment. METHODS A review of the effects of acids, pepsin, bile acids, and trypsin on laryngopharyngeal reflux diseases was conducted in PubMed. RESULTS Different reflux substances have different effects on LPRD, which will cause various symptoms, inflammatory diseases and neoplastic diseases of the laryngopharynx. For LPRD caused by different reflux substances, 24-h multichannel intraluminal impedance combined with pH-metry (MII-pH), salivary pepsin, bile acid and other tests should be established so that different drugs and treatment courses can be used to provide patients with more personalized treatment plans. CONCLUSION This article summarizes the research progress of different reflux substances on the pathogenesis, detection index and treatment of LPRD and lays a theoretical foundation to develop target drugs and clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yading Li
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Gaofan Xu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Bingduo Zhou
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Yishuang Tang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Yue Wu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Yi Wang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Jing Kong
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Cong He
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Shengliang Zhu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Xiaosu Wang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
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Ao YJ, Wu TT, Cao ZZ, Zhou SH, Bao YY, Shen LF. Role and mechanism of Glut-1 and H+/K+-ATPase expression in pepsin-induced development of vocal cord leukoplakia. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 279:1413-1424. [PMID: 34800155 PMCID: PMC8897356 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-07172-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the role of Glut-1 and H+/K+-ATPase expression in pepsin-induced development of human vocal cord leukoplakia cells (HVCLCs). Next, we analyzed the relationship between Glut-1 and H+/K+-ATPase expression with the clinicopathological features of laryngeal carcinoma. METHODS Glut-1 and H+/K+-ATPase expression levels in HVCLCs were determined after treatment with artificial gastric juice containing pepsin and laryngeal carcinoma tissues. RESULTS Exposure to pepsin-containing artificial gastric juice significantly enhanced the migration and proliferation of VSCLCs in a time-dependent manner. The apoptotic rate of VSCLCs decreased over time after exposure to pepsin and reached a nadir on day 7 (p < 0.01). With increasing duration of exposure to pepsin, the proportion of VSCLCs in G0/G1 phase decreased and the proportions in the S and G2/M phases significantly increased (p < 0.05). After treatment with pepsin-containing artificial gastric juice, RT-PCR and Western blotting showed that the expression of Glut-1 and H+/K+-ATPase α, β significantly increased in HVCLCs compared to in the absence of pepsin (p < 0.05). The expression of Glut-1 and H+/K+-ATPase α, β gradually increased from vocal cord leukoplakia (VLC) to laryngeal carcinoma (p < 0.05). Lentivirus-mediated inhibition of Glut-1 expression in VCL significantly inhibited the cells' migration and proliferation (p < 0.05) but enhanced their apoptosis (p < 0.05). Also, inhibition of Glut-1 expression resulted in an increased proportion of cells in G0/G1 phase and a significantly decreased proportion in G2/M phase (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Elevated Glut-1 expression may promote the development of VCL by upregulating laryngeal H+/K+-ATPase expression to reactivate absorbed pepsin, thus damaging the laryngeal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Jie Ao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou City, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou City, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zai-Zai Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou City, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shui-Hong Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou City, 310003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang-Yang Bao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou City, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Fang Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou City, 310003, People's Republic of China
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The integrity and barrier function of porcine vocal fold epithelium: its susceptibility to damage by deoxycholic acid compared with pepsin. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 278:4893-4899. [PMID: 34292400 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-06997-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we aim to systematically evaluate the damaging role of gastric (pepsin and acid) and duodenal ingredients (bile acids) on vocal fold epithelium in excised porcine larynges. METHODS Fresh ex vivo porcine larynges were exposed to one of five experimental conditions for 1 h. These conditions will be referred to as alkaline deoxycholic acid, acidic pepsin, acid pH3 only, acid pH5 only, and control, respectively. A Franz diffusing cell was used to evaluate the barrier function of vocal fold epithelium by measuring the permeability to fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran of 4 kDa. Histological changes were observed using transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS After immersing the fresh porcine larynges in the five solution groups, we found that the vocal fold epithelium in the deoxycholic acid group had more permeability to FD4 than the pepsin group (P < 0.001). Fragmentation and desquamation of dead cell layers were observed in both the pepsin and deoxycholic acid groups, but were more severe in the deoxycholic acid group than the pepsin group. The thickness of the dead epithelial cell layer gradually increased with increasing acid concentration (P < 0.05). Additionally, the thickness of the dead epithelial cell layer in the deoxycholic acid group was significantly higher than that in the pepsin group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Deoxycholic acid in a weakly acidic condition is more likely than pepsin to induce apoptosis in ex vivo porcine vocal fold epithelium, destroy the link proteins between epithelial cells, and affect their integrity and barrier function.
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Themistocleous SC, Yiallouris A, Tsioutis C, Zaravinos A, Johnson EO, Patrikios I. Clinical significance of P-class pumps in cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:658. [PMID: 34386080 PMCID: PMC8298992 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
P-class pumps are specific ion transporters involved in maintaining intracellular/extracellular ion homeostasis, gene transcription, and cell proliferation and migration in all eukaryotic cells. The present review aimed to evaluate the role of P-type pumps [Na+/K+ ATPase (NKA), H+/K+ ATPase (HKA) and Ca2+-ATPase] in cancer cells across three fronts, namely structure, function and genetic expression. It has been shown that administration of specific P-class pumps inhibitors can have different effects by: i) Altering pump function; ii) inhibiting cell proliferation; iii) inducing apoptosis; iv) modifying metabolic pathways; and v) induce sensitivity to chemotherapy and lead to antitumor effects. For example, the NKA β2 subunit can be downregulated by gemcitabine, resulting in increased apoptosis of cancer cells. The sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase can be inhibited by thapsigargin resulting in decreased prostate tumor volume, whereas the HKA α subunit can be affected by proton pump inhibitors in gastric cancer cell lines, inducing apoptosis. In conclusion, the present review highlighted the central role of P-class pumps and their possible use and role as anticancer cellular targets for novel therapeutic chemical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia C Themistocleous
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Yiallouris
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Constantinos Tsioutis
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus.,College of Medicine, Member of Qatar University Health, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Elizabeth O Johnson
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ioannis Patrikios
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus
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Wang G, Jia Y, Ye Y, Kang E, Chen H, Wang J, He X. Identification of key methylation differentially expressed genes in posterior fossa ependymoma based on epigenomic and transcriptome analysis. J Transl Med 2021; 19:174. [PMID: 33902636 PMCID: PMC8077736 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02834-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Posterior fossa ependymoma (EPN-PF) can be classified into Group A posterior fossa ependymoma (EPN-PFA) and Group B posterior fossa ependymoma (EPN-PFB) according to DNA CpG island methylation profile status and gene expression. EPN-PFA usually occurs in children younger than 5 years and has a poor prognosis. Methods Using epigenome and transcriptome microarray data, a multi-component weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to systematically identify the hub genes of EPN-PF. We downloaded two microarray datasets (GSE66354 and GSE114523) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The Limma R package was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and ChAMP R was used to analyze the differential methylation genes (DMGs) between EPN-PFA and EPN-PFB. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed using the Metascape database. Results GO analysis showed that enriched genes were significantly enriched in the extracellular matrix organization, adaptive immune response, membrane raft, focal adhesion, NF-kappa B pathway, and axon guidance, as suggested by KEGG analysis. Through WGCNA, we found that MEblue had a significant correlation with EPN-PF (R = 0.69, P = 1 × 10–08) and selected the 180 hub genes in the blue module. By comparing the DEGs, DMGs, and hub genes in the co-expression network, we identified five hypermethylated, lower expressed genes in EPN-PFA (ATP4B, CCDC151, DMKN, SCN4B, and TUBA4B), and three of them were confirmed by IHC. Conclusion ssGSEA and GSVA analysis indicated that these five hub genes could lead to poor prognosis by inducing hypoxia, PI3K-Akt-mTOR, and TNFα-NFKB pathways. Further study of these dysmethylated hub genes in EPN-PF and the pathways they participate in may provides new ideas for EPN-PF treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-02834-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yibin Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yuqin Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, PLA 163Rd Hospital (Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Enming Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Huijun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jiayou Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiaosheng He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Zhang Z, Bao YY, Zhou SH. Pump Proton and Laryngeal H +/K + ATPases. Int J Gen Med 2020; 13:1509-1514. [PMID: 33363399 PMCID: PMC7754099 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s284952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The presence of extra-gastric H+/K+ ATPases may explain the clinically significant effect of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) pharmacotherapy in patients with chronic laryngitis related to laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) but without gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms. Given the need for a better understanding of GERD and LPRD, we review the various proton pumps with respect to their classification, function, and distribution. We then consider the potential role of the laryngeal H+/K+ ATPase pump in LPRD. Methods We searched databases of PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science to achieve related published before September 15, 2020. Results There were only seven English-literatures meeting inclusive criteria about laryngeal H+/K+ ATPases. Some studies provide convincing evidence of a laryngeal H+/K+ ATPase in normal laryngeal tissues but also suggest the potential role of the proton pump in the abnormal mucus secretion frequently seen in patients with chronic laryngitis. Conclusion A laryngeal H+/K+ ATPase expresses in normal laryngeal tissues. These findings question the current understanding of GERD and LPRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peoples Hospital of Yuyao City, Yuyao 315400, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Yang Bao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shui-Hong Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
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Bao YY, Jiang Q, Li ZW, Yu E, Zhou SH, Yao HT, Fan J, Yong WW. Gastric H +/K +-ATPase Expression in Normal Laryngeal Tissue and Laryngeal Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:12919-12931. [PMID: 33363389 PMCID: PMC7751835 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s276233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have suggested that laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is an independent risk factor for laryngeal carcinoma. However, it remains unclear whether either condition affects the level of H+/K+-ATPase expression in laryngeal carcinoma. Materials and Methods Immunohistochemistry, real-time RT-PCR, and Western blotting were used to explore the distributions of proton pump (H+/K+-ATPase) α- and β-subunits in normal laryngeal tissue and laryngeal carcinoma. Results Messenger RNAs encoding both the α- and β-subunits were found in the normal epiglottic, ventricular fold, vocal fold, and arytenoid mucosae, as well as epiglottic cartilage. The distributions and expression levels of H+/K+-ATPase α-subunits in various laryngeal subregions did not significantly differ in IHC, RT-PCR, or Western blotting. However, Western blotting revealed a significant difference between the expression level of the β-subunit protein in the epiglottic cartilage and the levels in other sites. The expression levels of both subunits were significantly higher in carcinomatous than in paracarcinomatous tissue and normal laryngeal tissue. The mean follow-up duration was 66.2 months (range, 17–162 months). In all, 4 patients died during follow-up, 4 were lost to follow-up, and 22 were alive and free of disease at the end of follow-up. Two patients developed lung metastases and six developed disease recurrences (at 2, 8, 14, 16, 36, and 41 months). The 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 93.0% and 77.0%, respectively. Univariate analyses showed that the 5-year OSs were significantly associated with the T, N, and clinical stages but not with age, alcohol use, pathological differentiation, or the expression levels of the α- or β-subunits (as revealed by IHC, RT-PCR, or Western blotting). However, in multivariate regression analyses, the 5-year OSs were not significantly associated with any clinicopathological factor or the expression levels of either subunit. Conclusion H+/K+-ATPase is expressed in the normal larynx, including in the epiglottic cartilage and the mucosae of the epiglottis, ventricular fold, and arytenoid vocal fold. The expression levels of the H+/K+-ATPase α- and β-subunits in laryngeal carcinomas were higher than in normal laryngeal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Bao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Wei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China.,Department of Otolaryngology, The First People's Hospital of Hangzhou City, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, People's Republic of China
| | - Er Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shui-Hong Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Tian Yao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Wei Yong
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
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Chen YL, Bao YY, Zhou SH, Yao HT, Chen Z. Relationship Between Pepsin Expression and Dysplasia Grade in Patients With Vocal Cord Leukoplakia. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020; 164:160-165. [PMID: 32692278 DOI: 10.1177/0194599820938654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure pepsin expression in patients with vocal fold leukoplakia and elucidate its clinical significance. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analysis of pathologic archive specimens. SETTING Affiliated university hospital. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study included 45 patients with vocal fold leukoplakia and 19 with vocal fold polyps who underwent surgical treatment between December 2013 and July 2016. Masses were detected on both vocal cords in 5 patients with vocal fold leukoplakia and in 1 patient with vocal fold polyps. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess pepsin expression. In addition, the relationship of pepsin expression level with clinical characteristics of vocal fold leukoplakia was assessed. RESULTS The rate of pepsin expression was high in the polyp group (75%) and the leukoplakia group (68%); however, the difference between groups was not significant (P > .05). Pepsin expression significantly increased according to grade of dysplasia (mild, 57.1%; moderate, 88.9%; severe, 100.0%; P = .034). Similarly, the percentage of lesions that exhibited strongly positive pepsin expression increased with the grade of dysplasia (mild, 37.1%; moderate, 66.7%; severe, 100.0%; P = .005). The leukoplakia recurrence rate was higher in patients with positive pepsin expression than in patients with negative pepsin expression but without a significant difference (P > .05). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that pepsin was associated with the grade of dysplasia of vocal cord leukoplakia. Further investigation with appropriate control groups and controlling for other risk factors, such as smoking or alcohol consumption, is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lian Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, The People's Hospital of Shengzhou City, Shengzhou, China
| | - Yang-Yang Bao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shui-Hong Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Tian Yao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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