1
|
Dicks L, Schuh-von Graevenitz K, Prehn C, Sadri H, Ghaffari MH, Häussler S. Bile acid profiles and mRNA expression of bile acid-related genes in the liver of dairy cows with high versus normal body condition. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00922-6. [PMID: 38876220 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Bile acids (BA) play a crucial role not only in lipid digestion but also in the regulation of overall energy homeostasis, including glucose and lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate BA profiles and mRNA expression of BA-related genes in the liver of high versus normal body condition in dairy cows. We hypothesized that body condition and the transition from gestation to lactation affect hepatic BA concentrations as well as the mRNA abundance of BA-related receptors, regulatory enzymes, and transporters. Therefore, we analyzed BA in the liver as well as the mRNA abundance of BA-related synthesizing enzymes, transporters, and receptors in the liver during the transition period in cows with different body conditions around calving. In a previously established animal model, 38 German Holstein cows were divided into groups with high body condition score (BCS) (HBCS; n = 19) or normal BCS (NBCS; n = 19) based on BCS and backfat thickness (BFT). Cows were fed diets aimed at achieving the targeted differences in BCS and BFT (NBCS: BCS <3.5, BFT <1.2 cm; HBCS: BCS >3.75, BFT >1.4 cm) until they were dried off at wk 7 before parturition. Both groups were fed identical diets during the dry period and subsequent lactation. Liver biopsies were taken at wk -7, 1, 3, and 12 relative to parturition. For BA measurement, a targeted metabolomics approach with LC-ESI-MS/MS was used to analyze BA in the liver. The mRNA abundance of targeted genes related to BA-synthesizing enzymes, transporters, and receptors in the liver was analyzed using microfluidic quantitative PCR. In total, we could detect 14 BA in the liver: 6 primary and 8 secondary BA, with glycocholic acid (GCA) being the most abundant one. The increase of glycine-conjugated BA after parturition, in parallel to increasing serum glycine concentrations may originate from an enhanced mobilization of muscle protein to meet the high nutritional requirements in early lactating cows. Higher DMI in NBCS cows compared with HBCS cows was associated with higher liver BA concentrations such as GCA, deoxycholic acid (DCA), and cholic acid (CA). The mRNA abundance of BA-related enzymes measured herein suggests the dominance of the alternative signaling pathway in the liver of HBCS cows. Overall, BA profiles and BA metabolism in the liver depend on both, the body condition and lactation-induced effects in periparturient dairy cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Dicks
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Schuh-von Graevenitz
- Department of Life Sciences and Engineering, Animal Nutrition and Hygiene Unit, University of Applied Sciences Bingen, 55411 Bingen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hassan Sadri
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, 516616471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza H Ghaffari
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Häussler
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun C, Hu B, Li Y, Wu Z, Zhou J, Li J, Chen J, Du G, Zhao X. Efficient stereoselective hydroxylation of deoxycholic acid by the robust whole-cell cytochrome P450 CYP107D1 biocatalyst. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2023; 8:741-748. [PMID: 38107826 PMCID: PMC10722395 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxycholic acid (DCA) has been authorized by the Federal Drug Agency for cosmetic reduction of redundant submental fat. The hydroxylated product (6β-OH DCA) was developed to improve the solubility and pharmaceutic properties of DCA for further applications. Herein, a combinatorial catalytic strategy was applied to construct a powerful Cytochrome P450 biocatalyst (CYP107D1, OleP) to convert DCA to 6β-OH DCA. Firstly, the weak expression of OleP was significantly improved using pRSFDuet-1 plasmid in the E. coli C41 (DE3) strain. Next, the supply of heme was enhanced by the moderate overexpression of crucial genes in the heme biosynthetic pathway. In addition, a new biosensor was developed to select the appropriate redox partner. Furthermore, a cost-effective whole-cell catalytic system was constructed, resulting in the highest reported conversion rate of 6β-OH DCA (from 4.8% to 99.1%). The combinatorial catalytic strategies applied in this study provide an efficient method to synthesize high-value-added hydroxylated compounds by P450s.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chixiang Sun
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Baodong Hu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yanchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Zhimeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Xinrui Zhao
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|