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Garcia AC, Six N, Ma L, Morel L. Intersection of the microbiome and immune metabolism in lupus. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 38873851 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a complex autoimmune disease resulting from a dysregulation of the immune system that involves gut dysbiosis and an altered host cellular metabolism. This review highlights novel insights and expands on the interactions between the gut microbiome and the host immune metabolism in lupus. Pathobionts, invasive pathogens, and even commensal microbes, when in dysbiosis, can all trigger and modulate immune responses through metabolic reprogramming. Changes in the microbiota's global composition or individual taxa may trigger a cascade of metabolic changes in immune cells that may, in turn, reprogram their functions. Factors contributing to dysbiosis include changes in intestinal hypoxia, competition for glucose, and limited availability of essential nutrients, such as tryptophan and metal ions, all of which can be driven by host metabolism changes. Conversely, the accumulation of some host metabolites, such as itaconate, succinate, and free fatty acids, could further influence the microbial composition and immune responses. Overall, mounting evidence supports a bidirectional relationship between host immunometabolism and the microbiota in lupus pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Castellanos Garcia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Natalie Six
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Longhuan Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Laurence Morel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Peran JE, Salvador-Reyes LA. Modified oxylipins as inhibitors of biofilm formation in Staphylococcus epidermidis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1379643. [PMID: 38846101 PMCID: PMC11153713 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1379643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
New approaches to combating microbial drug resistance are being sought, with the discovery of biofilm inhibitors considered as alternative arsenal for treating infections. Natural products have been at the forefront of antimicrobial discovery and serve as inspiration for the design of new antibiotics. We probed the potency, selectivity, and mechanism of anti-biofilm activity of modified oxylipins inspired by the marine natural product turneroic acid. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) evaluation revealed the importance of the trans-epoxide moiety, regardless of the position, for inhibiting biofilm formation. trans-12,13-epoxyoctadecanoic acid (1) and trans-9,10 epoxyoctadecanoic acid (4) selectively target the early stage of biofilm formation, with no effect on planktonic cells. These compounds interrupt the formation of a protective polysaccharide barrier by significantly upregulating the ica operon's transcriptional repressor. This was corroborated by docking experiment with SarA and scanning electron micrographs showing reduced biofilm aggregates and the absence of thread-like structures of extrapolymeric substances. In silico evaluation revealed that 1 and 4 can interfere with the AgrA-mediated communication language in Staphylococci, typical to the diffusible signal factor (DSF) capacity of lipophilic chains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lilibeth A. Salvador-Reyes
- Marine Science Institute, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
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Ayyal Salman H, Yaakop AS, Al-Rimawi F, Ahmad Makhtar AM, Mousa M, Semreen MH, Alharbi NS. Ephedra alte extracts' GC-MS profiles and antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant pathogens (MRSA). Heliyon 2024; 10:e27051. [PMID: 38444505 PMCID: PMC10912435 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The extracts of E. alte offer promising potential as renewable resources for various chemical derivative products aimed at addressing antibiotic resistance. These extracts exhibited significant activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a strain known for its resistance to multiple antibiotics. The extracts were found to be effective against several common antibiotics, including Imipenem, Ampicillin, Penicillin G, Oxacillin, and Amoxicillin-clavulanate. GC-MS analysis revealed that the phytoconstituents of E. alte extracts, obtained using both methanol and ethyl acetate, consist of a diverse range of 83 and 160 phytocompounds, respectively. These organic compounds serve as important biochemical precursors for the synthesis of vitamins E and K1, and exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties in both plants and microorganisms. Notable compounds identified include fatty acids (such as palmitic acid, dodecanoic acid, sebacic acid, pentadecanoic acid, myristic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, and linoelaidic acid), phytosterols (Campesterol, β-sitosterol, Stigmast-5-ene), sugars (D-fructose, Fructofuranans), terpenoids (Phytol, citronellol), and phenolic acids (Protocatechoic acid, shikimic acid). The antimicrobial activity of all E. alte extracts was found to be superior to that of mupirocin and ciprofloxacin, as observed in susceptibility testing against MRSA ATCC 43300 and other pathogenic bacteria and fungi. It is likely that the combined action of the antimicrobial components within the E. alte extract bypasses the mechanisms employed by MRSA to protect itself from antibiotics. Further experiments are needed to investigate the individual effects of each pure compound and their potential synergistic interactions, which may enhance their overall performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haya Ayyal Salman
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Amira Suriaty Yaakop
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Fuad Al-Rimawi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Quds University, P.O. Box 2002, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Ana Masara Ahmad Makhtar
- Green Biopolymer Coating and Packaging Centre, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Muath Mousa
- BIOSCOPE Research Group, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Mohammad H. Semreen
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences (RIHMS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Naiyf S. Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Nagy NS, Essawy AE, Al-Sherif SS, Ali MM, Alsawy ES, Helal M. Characterization and biological applications of gonadal extract of Paracentrotus lividus collected along the Mediterranean coast of Alexandria, Egypt. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296312. [PMID: 38166099 PMCID: PMC10760885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine invertebrates represent a valuable reservoir of pharmaceutical bioactive compounds with potential relevance to various medical applications. These compounds exhibit notable advantages when compared to their terrestrial counterparts, in terms of their potency, activity, and mechanism of action. Within this context, the present work aimed to extract, chemically characterize, and investigate the bioactivity of the gonadal extract of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (P. lividus) collected along the Mediterranean coast of Alexandria, Egypt. Fractions of the gonadal extract were characterized by Spectrophotometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and their bioactivities were investigated in vitro. The analysis supported the extract richness of carotenoids and bioactive compounds. The extract showed promising anticancer activity against three different breast cancer cell lines with different levels of aggressiveness and causative factors, namely MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-453, and HCC-1954. Gene expression analysis using RT-qPCR showed that P. lividus extract inhibited the expression of crucial factors involved in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. In addition, the extract significantly inhibited the lipo-polysaccharides (LPS) induced inflammation in the RAW264.7 macrophage cell line and exerted anti-bacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Collectively, these results demonstrated the chemical richness and the wide-scale applicability of P. lividus gonadal extract as an anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory natural extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal Shawky Nagy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amina Essawy Essawy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamad Moustafa Ali
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eman Sheta Alsawy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Helal
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt
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Zhou X, Hadiatullah H, Guo T, Yao Y, Li C, Wang X. Dairy Processing Affects the Gut Digestion and Microecology by Changing the Structure and Composition of Milk Fat Globules. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10194-10205. [PMID: 34435766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Milk fat globules (MFGs) are the major source of energy for infants' dietary intake. In this study, the effects of changes in the structure and composition of MFG after dairy processing on lipolysis and immune regulation were investigated. Pasteurized MFG tends to form protein aggregates to prevent lipolysis. However, the aggregate is rich in neutrophil degranulation products, which are effective in killing pathogens. Homogenized MFG has the lowest hydrolysis rate due to the reconstituted anti-lipase barrier and exposed apolipoprotein. Simultaneously, the reconstituted barrier can compensate for the lack of the complement cascade. Spray-dried MFG had the highest hydrolysis rate attributable to the disrupted MFG barrier and the release of lipoprotein lipase and endothelial lipase. The immunomodulatory properties of spray-dried MFG proteins are mainly mediated by the toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway. This research provides the improvement basis of dairy processing and functional infant formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hadiatullah Hadiatullah
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yunping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Changmo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Casillas-Vargas G, Ocasio-Malavé C, Medina S, Morales-Guzmán C, Del Valle RG, Carballeira NM, Sanabria-Ríos DJ. Antibacterial fatty acids: An update of possible mechanisms of action and implications in the development of the next-generation of antibacterial agents. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 82:101093. [PMID: 33577909 PMCID: PMC8137538 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The antibacterial activity of fatty acids (FA) is well known in the literature and represents a promising option for developing the next-generation of antibacterial agents to treat a broad spectrum of bacterial infections. FA are highly involved in living organisms' defense system against numerous pathogens, including multidrug-resistant bacteria. When combined with other antibacterial agents, the remarkable ability of FA to enhance their bactericidal properties is a critical feature that is not commonly observed in other naturally-occurring compounds. More reviews focusing on FA antibacterial activity, traditional and non-traditional mechanisms and biomedical applications are needed. This review is intended to update the reader on the antibacterial properties of recent FA and how their chemical structures influence their antibacterial activity. This review also aims to better understand both traditional and non-traditional mechanisms involved in these recently explored FA antibacterial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Casillas-Vargas
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Natural Sciences, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, PO Box 191293, San Juan, PR 00919, USA
| | - Carlimar Ocasio-Malavé
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Natural Sciences, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, PO Box 191293, San Juan, PR 00919, USA
| | - Solymar Medina
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Natural Sciences, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, PO Box 191293, San Juan, PR 00919, USA
| | - Christian Morales-Guzmán
- University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Department of Chemistry, 17 Ave. Universidad Ste. 1701, San Juan, PR 00925-2537, USA
| | - René García Del Valle
- University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Department of Chemistry, 17 Ave. Universidad Ste. 1701, San Juan, PR 00925-2537, USA
| | - Néstor M Carballeira
- University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Department of Chemistry, 17 Ave. Universidad Ste. 1701, San Juan, PR 00925-2537, USA.
| | - David J Sanabria-Ríos
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Natural Sciences, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, PO Box 191293, San Juan, PR 00919, USA.
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