1
|
Molaei S, Bousejin NG, Ghosheh GO, Thakur A, Chauhan VK, Zhu T, Clifton DA. CliqueFluxNet: Unveiling EHR Insights with Stochastic Edge Fluxing and Maximal Clique Utilisation Using Graph Neural Networks. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS RESEARCH 2024; 8:555-575. [PMID: 39131103 PMCID: PMC11310186 DOI: 10.1007/s41666-024-00169-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Electronic Health Records (EHRs) play a crucial role in shaping predictive are models, yet they encounter challenges such as significant data gaps and class imbalances. Traditional Graph Neural Network (GNN) approaches have limitations in fully leveraging neighbourhood data or demanding intensive computational requirements for regularisation. To address this challenge, we introduce CliqueFluxNet, a novel framework that innovatively constructs a patient similarity graph to maximise cliques, thereby highlighting strong inter-patient connections. At the heart of CliqueFluxNet lies its stochastic edge fluxing strategy - a dynamic process involving random edge addition and removal during training. This strategy aims to enhance the model's generalisability and mitigate overfitting. Our empirical analysis, conducted on MIMIC-III and eICU datasets, focuses on the tasks of mortality and readmission prediction. It demonstrates significant progress in representation learning, particularly in scenarios with limited data availability. Qualitative assessments further underscore CliqueFluxNet's effectiveness in extracting meaningful EHR representations, solidifying its potential for advancing GNN applications in healthcare analytics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Molaei
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3AZ UK
| | | | - Ghadeer O. Ghosheh
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3AZ UK
| | - Anshul Thakur
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3AZ UK
| | | | - Tingting Zhu
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3AZ UK
| | - David A. Clifton
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3AZ UK
- Oxford-Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research (OSCAR), Suzhou, 215123 China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bernstam EV, Araya A, Decaro M, Johnson TR. Informatics hygiene to support reuse of routinely collected health care data for evidence-based practice. BMJ Evid Based Med 2024:bmjebm-2024-112948. [PMID: 38964830 DOI: 10.1136/bmjebm-2024-112948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Elmer V Bernstam
- D Bradley McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, John P and Kathrine G McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alejandro Araya
- D Bradley McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew Decaro
- D Bradley McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Todd R Johnson
- D Bradley McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
McGuire D, Markus H, Yang L, Xu J, Montgomery A, Berg A, Li Q, Carrel L, Liu DJ, Jiang B. Dissecting heritability, environmental risk, and air pollution causal effects using > 50 million individuals in MarketScan. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5357. [PMID: 38918381 PMCID: PMC11199552 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49566-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Large national-level electronic health record (EHR) datasets offer new opportunities for disentangling the role of genes and environment through deep phenotype information and approximate pedigree structures. Here we use the approximate geographical locations of patients as a proxy for spatially correlated community-level environmental risk factors. We develop a spatial mixed linear effect (SMILE) model that incorporates both genetics and environmental contribution. We extract EHR and geographical locations from 257,620 nuclear families and compile 1083 disease outcome measurements from the MarketScan dataset. We augment the EHR with publicly available environmental data, including levels of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), climate, and sociodemographic data. We refine the estimates of genetic heritability and quantify community-level environmental contributions. We also use wind speed and direction as instrumental variables to assess the causal effects of air pollution. In total, we find PM2.5 or NO2 have statistically significant causal effects on 135 diseases, including respiratory, musculoskeletal, digestive, metabolic, and sleep disorders, where PM2.5 and NO2 tend to affect biologically distinct disease categories. These analyses showcase several robust strategies for jointly modeling genetic and environmental effects on disease risk using large EHR datasets and will benefit upcoming biobank studies in the era of precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel McGuire
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Havell Markus
- MD/PhD Program, Penn State College of Medicine of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
- Bioinformatics and Genomics PhD Program, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Lina Yang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Austin Montgomery
- MD/PhD Program, Penn State College of Medicine of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Arthur Berg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Qunhua Li
- Department of Statistics, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Laura Carrel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Dajiang J Liu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - Bibo Jiang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen JL, Stumpe MC, Cohen E. Evolving From Discrete Molecular Data Integrations to Actionable Molecular Insights Within the Electronic Health Record. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2024; 8:e2400011. [PMID: 38603638 DOI: 10.1200/cci.24.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
|
5
|
Moser K, Massag J, Frese T, Mikolajczyk R, Christoph J, Pushpa J, Straube J, Unverzagt S. German primary care data collection projects: a scoping review. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e074566. [PMID: 38382948 PMCID: PMC10882319 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widespread use of electronic health records (EHRs) has led to a growing number of large routine primary care data collection projects globally, making these records a valuable resource for health services and epidemiological and clinical research. This scoping review aims to comprehensively assess and compare strengths and limitations of all German primary care data collection projects and relevant research publications that extract data directly from practice management systems (PMS). METHODS A literature search was conducted in the electronic databases in May 2021 and in June 2022. The search string included terms related to general practice, routine data, and Germany. The retrieved studies were classified as applied studies and methodological studies, and categorised by type of research, subject area, sample of publications, disease category, or main medication analysed. RESULTS A total of 962 references were identified, with 241 studies included from six German projects in which databases are populated by EHRs from PMS. The projects exhibited significant heterogeneity in terms of size, data collection methods, and variables collected. The majority of the applied studies (n = 205, 85%) originated from one database with a primary focus on pharmacoepidemiological topics (n = 127, 52%) including prescription patterns (n = 68, 28%) and studies about treatment outcomes, compliance, and treatment effectiveness (n = 34, 14%). Epidemiological studies (n = 77, 32%) mainly focused on incidence and prevalence studies (n = 41, 17%) and risk and comorbidity analysis studies (n = 31, 12%). Only 10% (n = 23) of studies were in the field of health services research, such as hospitalisation. CONCLUSION The development and durability of primary care data collection projects in Germany is hindered by insufficient public funding, technical issues of data extraction, and strict data protection regulations. There is a need for further research and collaboration to improve the usability of EHRs for health services and research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Moser
- Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Halle, Germany
- Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics, and Informatics, Halle, Germany
| | - Janka Massag
- Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics, and Informatics, Halle, Germany
| | - Thomas Frese
- Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Halle, Germany
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics, and Informatics, Halle, Germany
| | - Jan Christoph
- Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Junior Research Group (Bio-)Medical Data Science, Halle, Germany
| | - Joshi Pushpa
- Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Halle, Germany
| | - Johanna Straube
- Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Halle, Germany
| | - Susanne Unverzagt
- Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Halle, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Amar F, April A, Abran A. Electronic Health Record and Semantic Issues Using Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources: Systematic Mapping Review. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e45209. [PMID: 38289660 PMCID: PMC10865191 DOI: 10.2196/45209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing use of electronic health records and the Internet of Things has led to interoperability issues at different levels (structural and semantic). Standards are important not only for successfully exchanging data but also for appropriately interpreting them (semantic interoperability). Thus, to facilitate the semantic interoperability of data exchanged in health care, considerable resources have been deployed to improve the quality of shared clinical data by structuring and mapping them to the Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standard. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study are 2-fold: to inventory the studies on FHIR semantic interoperability resources and terminologies and to identify and classify the approaches and contributions proposed in these studies. METHODS A systematic mapping review (SMR) was conducted using 10 electronic databases as sources of information for inventory and review studies published during 2012 to 2022 on the development and improvement of semantic interoperability using the FHIR standard. RESULTS A total of 70 FHIR studies were selected and analyzed to identify FHIR resource types and terminologies from a semantic perspective. The proposed semantic approaches were classified into 6 categories, namely mapping (31/126, 24.6%), terminology services (18/126, 14.3%), resource description framework or web ontology language-based proposals (24/126, 19%), annotation proposals (18/126, 14.3%), machine learning (ML) and natural language processing (NLP) proposals (20/126, 15.9%), and ontology-based proposals (15/126, 11.9%). From 2012 to 2022, there has been continued research in 6 categories of approaches as well as in new and emerging annotations and ML and NLP proposals. This SMR also classifies the contributions of the selected studies into 5 categories: framework or architecture proposals, model proposals, technique proposals, comparison services, and tool proposals. The most frequent type of contribution is the proposal of a framework or architecture to enable semantic interoperability. CONCLUSIONS This SMR provides a classification of the different solutions proposed to address semantic interoperability using FHIR at different levels: collecting, extracting and annotating data, modeling electronic health record data from legacy systems, and applying transformation and mapping to FHIR models and terminologies. The use of ML and NLP for unstructured data is promising and has been applied to specific use case scenarios. In addition, terminology services are needed to accelerate their use and adoption; furthermore, techniques and tools to automate annotation and ontology comparison should help reduce human interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fouzia Amar
- École de technologie supérieure - ETS, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alain April
- École de technologie supérieure - ETS, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Abran
- École de technologie supérieure - ETS, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Matheny ME, Gelman HM, Souden M, Lu Z, DuVall SL, Gonsoulin ME. Challenges and Opportunities for Secondary Use of Observational Data Following an EHR Transition. J Gen Intern Med 2023; 38:943-945. [PMID: 37580635 PMCID: PMC10593639 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-023-08330-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Matheny
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System VA, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Care Service, TVHS VA, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Biostatistics, and Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Hannah M Gelman
- VA Information Resource Center, VA Office of Research & Development (ORD), Hines, IL, USA
- VA ORD Strategic Initiative for Research and EHR Synergy (OSIRES), Hines, IL, USA
| | - Maria Souden
- VA Information Resource Center, VA Office of Research & Development (ORD), Hines, IL, USA
- VA ORD Strategic Initiative for Research and EHR Synergy (OSIRES), Hines, IL, USA
| | - Zhenyu Lu
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Scott L DuVall
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Margaret E Gonsoulin
- VA Electronic Health Record Modernization- Integration Office, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lewis AE, Weiskopf N, Abrams ZB, Foraker R, Lai AM, Payne PRO, Gupta A. Electronic health record data quality assessment and tools: a systematic review. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2023; 30:1730-1740. [PMID: 37390812 PMCID: PMC10531113 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocad120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We extended a 2013 literature review on electronic health record (EHR) data quality assessment approaches and tools to determine recent improvements or changes in EHR data quality assessment methodologies. MATERIALS AND METHODS We completed a systematic review of PubMed articles from 2013 to April 2023 that discussed the quality assessment of EHR data. We screened and reviewed papers for the dimensions and methods defined in the original 2013 manuscript. We categorized papers as data quality outcomes of interest, tools, or opinion pieces. We abstracted and defined additional themes and methods though an iterative review process. RESULTS We included 103 papers in the review, of which 73 were data quality outcomes of interest papers, 22 were tools, and 8 were opinion pieces. The most common dimension of data quality assessed was completeness, followed by correctness, concordance, plausibility, and currency. We abstracted conformance and bias as 2 additional dimensions of data quality and structural agreement as an additional methodology. DISCUSSION There has been an increase in EHR data quality assessment publications since the original 2013 review. Consistent dimensions of EHR data quality continue to be assessed across applications. Despite consistent patterns of assessment, there still does not exist a standard approach for assessing EHR data quality. CONCLUSION Guidelines are needed for EHR data quality assessment to improve the efficiency, transparency, comparability, and interoperability of data quality assessment. These guidelines must be both scalable and flexible. Automation could be helpful in generalizing this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail E Lewis
- Division of Computational and Data Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Institute for Informatics, Data Science and Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nicole Weiskopf
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Zachary B Abrams
- Institute for Informatics, Data Science and Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Randi Foraker
- Institute for Informatics, Data Science and Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Albert M Lai
- Institute for Informatics, Data Science and Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Philip R O Payne
- Institute for Informatics, Data Science and Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Aditi Gupta
- Institute for Informatics, Data Science and Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li E, Lounsbury O, Clarke J, Ashrafian H, Darzi A, Neves AL. Perceptions of chief clinical information officers on the state of electronic health records systems interoperability in NHS England: a qualitative interview study. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2023; 23:158. [PMID: 37573388 PMCID: PMC10423420 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-023-02255-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the era of electronic health records (EHR), the ability to share clinical data is a key facilitator of healthcare delivery. Since the introduction of EHRs, this aspect has been extensively studied from the perspective of healthcare providers. Less often explored are the day-to-day challenges surrounding the procurement, deployment, maintenance, and use of interoperable EHR systems, from the perspective of healthcare administrators, such as chief clinical information officers (CCIOs). OBJECTIVE Our study aims to capture the perceptions of CCIOs on the current state of EHR interoperability in the NHS, its impact on patient safety, the perceived facilitators and barriers to improving EHR interoperability, and what the future of EHR development in the NHS may entail. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted between November 2020 - October 2021. Convenience sampling was employed to recruit NHS England CCIOs. Interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. A thematic analysis was performed by two independent researchers to identify emerging themes. RESULTS Fifteen CCIOs participated in the study. Participants reported that limited EHR interoperability contributed to the inability to easily access and transfer data into a unified source, thus resulting in data fragmentation. The resulting lack of clarity on patients' health status negatively impacts patient safety through suboptimal care coordination, duplication of efforts, and more defensive practice. Facilitators to improving interoperability included the recognition of the need by clinicians, patient expectations, and the inherent centralised nature of the NHS. Barriers included systems usability difficulties, and institutional, data management, and financial-related challenges. Looking ahead, participants acknowledged that realising that vision across the NHS would require a renewed focus on mandating data standards, user-centred design, greater patient involvement, and encouraging inter-organisational collaboration. CONCLUSION Tackling poor interoperability will require solutions both at the technical level and in the wider policy context. This will involve demanding interoperability functionalities from the outset in procurement contracts, fostering greater inter-organisation cooperation on implementation strategies, and encouraging systems vendors to prioritise interoperability in their products. Only by comprehensively addressing these challenges would the full potential promised by the use of fully interoperable EHRs be realised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edmond Li
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Imperial Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | | | - Jonathan Clarke
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Imperial Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre for Mathematics of Precision Healthcare, Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hutan Ashrafian
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Imperial Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ara Darzi
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Imperial Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ana Luisa Neves
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Imperial Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision, Center for Health Technology and Services Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang B, Lai J, Liao X, Jin F, Yao C. Challenges and Solutions in Implementing eSource Technology for Real-World Studies in China: Qualitative Study Among Different Stakeholders. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e48363. [PMID: 37561551 PMCID: PMC10450541 DOI: 10.2196/48363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND eSources consist of data that were initially documented in an electronic structure. Typically, an eSource encompasses the direct acquisition, compilation, and retention of electronic information (such as electronic health records [EHRs] or wearable devices), which serves to streamline clinical research. eSources have the potential to enhance the accuracy of data, promote patient safety, and minimize expenses associated with clinical trials. An opinion study published in September 2020 by TransCelerate outlined a road map for the future application of eSource technology and identified 5 key areas of challenges. The background of this study concerns the use of eSource technology in clinical research. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to present challenges and possible solutions for the implementation of eSource technology in real-world studies by summarizing team experiences and lessons learned from an eSource record (ESR) project. METHODS After initially developing a simple prototype of the ESR software that can be demonstrated systematically, the researchers conducted in-depth interviews and interacted with different stakeholders to obtain guidance and suggestions. The researchers selected 5 different roles for interviewees: regulatory authorities, pharmaceutical company representatives, hospital information department employees, medical system providers, and clinicians. RESULTS After screening all consultants, the researchers concluded that there were 25 representative consultants. The hospital information department needs to implement many demands from various stakeholders, which makes the existing EHR system unable to meet all the demands of eSources. The emergence of an ESR is intended to divert the burden of the hospital information department from the enormous functional requirements of the outdated EHR system. The entire research process emphasizes multidisciplinary and multibackground expert opinions and considers the complexity of the knowledge backgrounds of personnel involved in the chain of clinical source data collection, processing, quality control, and application in real-world scenarios. To increase the readability of the results, the researchers classified the main results in accordance with the paragraph titles in "Use of Electronic Health Record Data in Clinical Investigations," a guide released by the US Food and Drug Administration. CONCLUSIONS This study introduces the requirement dependencies of different stakeholders and the challenges and recommendations for designing ESR software when implementing eSource technology in China. Experiences based on ESR projects will provide new insights into the disciplines that advance the eSource research field. Future studies should engage patients directly to understand their experiences, concerns, and preferences regarding the implementation of eSource technology. Moreover, involving additional stakeholders, including community health care providers and social workers, will provide valuable insights into the challenges and potential solutions across various health care settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junkai Lai
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hangzhou LionMed Medical Information Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiwen Liao
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feifei Jin
- Trauma Medicine Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Trauma Treatment and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- National Center for Trauma Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Yao
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Hainan Institute of Real World Data, Qionghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Khodadadi A, Ghanbari Bousejin N, Molaei S, Kumar Chauhan V, Zhu T, Clifton DA. Improving Diagnostics with Deep Forest Applied to Electronic Health Records. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6571. [PMID: 37514865 PMCID: PMC10384165 DOI: 10.3390/s23146571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
An electronic health record (EHR) is a vital high-dimensional part of medical concepts. Discovering implicit correlations in the information of this data set and the research and informative aspects can improve the treatment and management process. The challenge of concern is the data sources' limitations in finding a stable model to relate medical concepts and use these existing connections. This paper presents Patient Forest, a novel end-to-end approach for learning patient representations from tree-structured data for readmission and mortality prediction tasks. By leveraging statistical features, the proposed model is able to provide an accurate and reliable classifier for predicting readmission and mortality. Experiments on MIMIC-III and eICU datasets demonstrate Patient Forest outperforms existing machine learning models, especially when the training data are limited. Additionally, a qualitative evaluation of Patient Forest is conducted by visualising the learnt representations in 2D space using the t-SNE, which further confirms the effectiveness of the proposed model in learning EHR representations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Khodadadi
- Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Soheila Molaei
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3AZ, UK; (V.K.C.); (T.Z.); (D.A.C.)
| | - Vinod Kumar Chauhan
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3AZ, UK; (V.K.C.); (T.Z.); (D.A.C.)
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3AZ, UK; (V.K.C.); (T.Z.); (D.A.C.)
| | - David A. Clifton
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3AZ, UK; (V.K.C.); (T.Z.); (D.A.C.)
- Oxford-Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research (OSCAR), Suzhou 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chase D, Perhanidis J, Gupta D, Kalilani L, Golembesky A, González-Martín A. Real-World Outcomes Following First-Line Treatment in Patients with Advanced Ovarian Cancer with Multiple Risk Factors for Disease Progression who Received Maintenance Therapy or Active Surveillance. Oncol Ther 2023:10.1007/s40487-023-00227-6. [PMID: 37016186 DOI: 10.1007/s40487-023-00227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We evaluated real-world outcomes in patients with advanced ovarian cancer (AOC) based on their cumulative risk profile and maintenance therapy (MT) status following first-line (1L) treatment. METHODS This retrospective observational study of a nationwide electronic health record-derived de-identified database included adult patients diagnosed with stage III/IV OC from January 1, 2011 to February 28, 2021, who received 1L therapy and had ≥ 12 weeks of follow-up after the index date (end of 1L therapy). Patients were grouped according to whether they received MT or active surveillance (AS) following 1L treatment and by the cumulative number of risk factors (RF) present (stage IV disease; no surgery/treated with neoadjuvant therapy and interval debulking surgery; had postoperative visible residual disease; and had BRCA wild-type disease/unknown BRCA status). Time to next treatment (TTNT) and overall survival (OS) were assessed with a cloning and inverse probability of censoring (IPC)-weighted Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Among 1920 patients, 22.2% received MT and 77.8% received AS. Median IPC-weighted TTNT and OS were 13.3 months (95% CI 11.7-15.8) and 39.1 months (95% CI 32.5-48.6) in the MT cohort, respectively, and 8.6 months (95% CI 8.0-9.5) and 38.4 months (95% CI 36.4-41.0) in the AS cohort, respectively. Almost all patients had ≥ 1 RF (MT 95.3%; AS 96.7%). Median IPC-weighted TTNT was shorter among patients with more RF in both cohorts (MT: 1 RF, 19.3 months, 95% CI 13.5-37.8; 2 RF, 17.2 months, 95% CI 12.8-20.2; 3 RF, 11.0 months, 95% CI 8.2-13.8; 4 RF, 7.0 months, 95% CI 6.2-8.8; AS: 1 RF, 17.7 months, 95% CI 13.5-22.3; 2 RF, 10.2 months, 95% CI 9.1-11.5; 3 RF, 6.5 months, 95% CI 5.8-7.4; 4 RF, 4.1 months, 95% CI 3.5-4.5). CONCLUSION Regardless of RF number, MT was associated with longer TTNT in real-world patients with AOC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Chase
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Divya Gupta
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Antonio González-Martín
- Medical Oncology Department, Cancer Center Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Spain
- Program in Solid Tumours, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain
- Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario (GEICO), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kc S, Lin LW, Bayani DBS, Zemlyanska Y, Adler A, Ahn J, Chan K, Choiphel D, Genuino-Marfori AJ, Kearney B, Liu Y, Nakamura R, Pearce F, Prinja S, Pwu RF, Akmal Shafie A, Sui B, Suwantika A, Tunis S, Wu HM, Zalcberg J, Zhao K, Isaranuwatchai W, Teerawattananon Y, Wee HL. What, Where, and How to Collect Real-World Data and Generate Real-World Evidence to Support Drug Reimbursement Decision-Making in Asia: A reflection Into the Past and A Way Forward. Int J Health Policy Manag 2023; 12:6858. [PMID: 37579427 PMCID: PMC10461954 DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2023.6858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, there is increasing interest in the use of real-world data (RWD) and real-world evidence (RWE) to inform health technology assessment (HTA) and reimbursement decision-making. Using current practices and case studies shared by eleven health systems in Asia, a non-binding guidance that seeks to align practices for generating and using RWD/RWE for decision-making in Asia was developed by the REAL World Data In ASia for HEalth Technology Assessment in Reimbursement (REALISE) Working Group, addressing a current gap and needs among HTA users and generators. METHODS The guidance document was developed over two face-to-face workshops, in addition to an online survey, a face-to-face interview and pragmatic search of literature. The specific focus was on what, where and how to collect RWD/ RWE. RESULTS All 11 REALISE member jurisdictions participated in the online survey and the first in-person workshop, 10 participated in the second in-person workshop, and 8 participated in the in-depth face-to-face interviews. The guidance document was iteratively reviewed by all working group members and the International Advisory Panel. There was substantial variation in: (a) sources and types of RWD being used in HTA, and (b) the relative importance and prioritization of RWE being used for policy-making. A list of national-level databases and other sources of RWD available in each country was compiled. A list of useful guidance on data collection, quality assurance and study design were also compiled. CONCLUSION The REALISE guidance document serves to align the collection of better quality RWD and generation of reliable RWE to ultimately inform HTA in Asia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarin Kc
- Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program (HITAP), Ministry of Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Lydia Wenxin Lin
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Yaroslava Zemlyanska
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amanda Adler
- The Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Kelvin Chan
- Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dechen Choiphel
- Essential Medicine and Technology Division, Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Health, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | | | - Brendon Kearney
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Health Policy Advisory Committee on Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yuehua Liu
- China Health Technology Assessment Centre, National Health Development Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ryota Nakamura
- Hitotsubashi Institute for Advanced Study, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fiona Pearce
- Agency for Care Effectiveness, Ministry of Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shankar Prinja
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Raoh-Fang Pwu
- Taiwan National Hepatitis C Program Office, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Arsul Akmal Shafie
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Binyan Sui
- China Health Technology Assessment Centre, National Health Development Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Auliya Suwantika
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Sean Tunis
- Center for Medical Technology Policy (CMTP), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hui-Min Wu
- Taiwan National Hepatitis C Program Office, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - John Zalcberg
- Cancer Research Program, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kun Zhao
- China Health Technology Assessment Centre, National Health Development Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wanrudee Isaranuwatchai
- Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program (HITAP), Ministry of Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
- Centre for Excellence in Economic Analysis Research, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yot Teerawattananon
- Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program (HITAP), Ministry of Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hwee-Lin Wee
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Evaluating automated electronic case report form data entry from electronic health records. J Clin Transl Sci 2023; 7:e29. [PMID: 36845316 PMCID: PMC9947602 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2022.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many clinical trials leverage real-world data. Typically, these data are manually abstracted from electronic health records (EHRs) and entered into electronic case report forms (CRFs), a time and labor-intensive process that is also error-prone and may miss information. Automated transfer of data from EHRs to eCRFs has the potential to reduce data abstraction and entry burden as well as improve data quality and safety. Methods We conducted a test of automated EHR-to-CRF data transfer for 40 participants in a clinical trial of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. We determined which coordinator-entered data could be automated from the EHR (coverage), and the frequency with which the values from the automated EHR feed and values entered by study personnel for the actual study matched exactly (concordance). Results The automated EHR feed populated 10,081/11,952 (84%) coordinator-completed values. For fields where both the automation and study personnel provided data, the values matched exactly 89% of the time. Highest concordance was for daily lab results (94%), which also required the most personnel resources (30 minutes per participant). In a detailed analysis of 196 instances where personnel and automation entered values differed, both a study coordinator and a data analyst agreed that 152 (78%) instances were a result of data entry error. Conclusions An automated EHR feed has the potential to significantly decrease study personnel effort while improving the accuracy of CRF data.
Collapse
|
15
|
Pizzuti C, Palmieri C, Shaw T. Using eHealth Data to Inform CPD for Medical Practitioners: A Scoping Review with a Consultation Exercise with International Experts. THE JOURNAL OF CONTINUING EDUCATION IN THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS 2023; 43:S47-S58. [PMID: 38054492 DOI: 10.1097/ceh.0000000000000534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION eHealth data analytics is widely used in health care research. However, there is limited knowledge on the role of eHealth data analysis to inform continuing professional development (CPD). The aim of this study was to collate available research evidence on the use of eHealth data for the development of CPD programs and plans for medical practitioners. METHODS A scoping review was conducted using the six-stage Arksey and O'Malley Framework. A consultation exercise (stage 6) was performed with 15 international experts in the fields of learning and practice analytics to deepen the insights. RESULTS Scoping review. The literature searches identified 9876 articles published from January 2010 to May 2022. After screening and full-text review, a total of nine articles were deemed relevant for inclusion. The results provide varied-and at times partial or diverging-answers to the scoping review research questions. Consultation exercise. Research rigor, field of investigation, and developing the field were the three themes emerged from analysis. Participants validated the scoping review methodology and confirmed its results. Moreover, they provided a meta-analysis of the literature, a description of the current CPD ecosystem, and clear indications of what is and should be next for the field. DISCUSSION This study shows that there is no formal or well-established correlation between eHealth data and CPD planning and programming. Overall findings fill a gap in the literature and provide a basis for further investigation. More foundational work, multidisciplinary collaborations, and stakeholders' engagement are necessary to advance the use of eHealth data analysis for CPD purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol Pizzuti
- Ms. Pizzuti: Industry PhD Candidate, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; and Senior Research Officer, Professional Practice, The Royal Australasian College of Physicians, Sydney, Australia. Dr. Palmieri: Head of Member Learning and Development, Professional Practice, The Royal Australasian College of Physicians, Sydney, Australia; and Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia. Dr. Shaw: Professor of Digital Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mayer DA, Rasmussen LV, Roark CD, Kahn MG, Schilling LM, Wiley LK. ReviewR: a light-weight and extensible tool for manual review of clinical records. JAMIA Open 2022; 5:ooac071. [PMID: 35936991 PMCID: PMC9350014 DOI: 10.1093/jamiaopen/ooac071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Manual record review is a crucial step for electronic health record (EHR)-based research, but it has poor workflows and is error prone. We sought to build a tool that provides a unified environment for data review and chart abstraction data entry. Materials and Methods ReviewR is an open-source R Shiny application that can be deployed on a single machine or made available to multiple users. It supports multiple data models and database systems, and integrates with the REDCap API for storing abstraction results. Results We describe 2 real-world uses and extensions of ReviewR. Since its release in April 2021 as a package on CRAN it has been downloaded 2204 times. Discussion and Conclusion ReviewR provides an easily accessible review interface for clinical data warehouses. Its modular, extensible, and open source nature afford future expansion by other researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Mayer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Luke V Rasmussen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Christopher D Roark
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael G Kahn
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lisa M Schilling
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Data Science to Patient Value Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Laura K Wiley
- Corresponding Author: Laura K. Wiley, PhD, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 1890 N. Revere Court, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bhanot K, Pedersen J, Guyon I, Bennett KP. Investigating synthetic medical time-series resemblance. Neurocomputing 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2022.04.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
18
|
Paliwal G, Bunglowala A, Kanthed P. An architectural design study of electronic healthcare record systems with associated context parameters on MIMIC III. HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12553-022-00638-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
19
|
Granit V, Grignon AL, Wuu J, Katz J, Walk D, Hussain S, Hernandez J, Jackson C, Caress J, Yosick T, Smider N, Benatar M. Harnessing the power of the electronic health record for ALS research and quality improvement: CReATe CAPTURE-ALS and the ALS Toolkit. Muscle Nerve 2022; 65:154-161. [PMID: 34730240 PMCID: PMC8752483 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The electronic health record (EHR) is designed principally to support the provision and documentation of clinical care, as well as billing and insurance claims. Broad implementation of the EHR, however, also yields an opportunity to use EHR data for other purposes, including research and quality improvement. Indeed, effective use of clinical data for research purposes has been a long-standing goal of physicians who provide care for patients with ALS, but the quality and completeness of clinical data, as well as the burden of double data entry into the EHR and into a research database, have been persistent barriers. These factors provided motivation for the development of the ALS Toolkit, a set of interactive digital forms within the EHR that enable easy, consistent, and structured capture of information relevant to ALS patient care (as well as research and quality improvement) during clinical encounters. Routine use of the ALS Toolkit within the context of the CReATe Consortium's institutional review board-approved Clinical Procedures to Support Research in ALS (CAPTURE-ALS) study protocol, permits aggregation of structured ALS patient data, with the goals of empowering research and driving quality improvement. Widespread use of the ALS Toolkit through the CAPTURE-ALS protocol will help to ensure that ALS clinics become a driving force for collecting and aggregating clinical data in a way that reflects the true diversity of the populations affected by this disease, rather than the restricted subset of patients that currently participate in dedicated research studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volkan Granit
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Joanne Wuu
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Jonathan Katz
- California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - David Walk
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sumaira Hussain
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Carlayne Jackson
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - James Caress
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | | | | | - Michael Benatar
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Manabe S, Takeda T, Hattori A, Yamamoto M, Shimai Y, Namiuchi Y, Yamaguchi J, Yamada T, Konishi S, Matsumura Y. Practical use of a multicenter clinical research support system connected to electronic medical records. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 210:106362. [PMID: 34482127 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electronic medical records (EMRs) are widely used, but in many cases, they are used within a network physically separated from the Internet. Multicenter clinical studies use Internet-connected electronic data capture (EDC) systems to collect data, where data entered into the EMR are manually transcribed into the EDC system. In addition, medical images for clinical research are also collected manually. Variations in EMRs and differing data structures among vendors hamper the use of data for clinical research. METHODS We solved this problem by developing a network infrastructure for clinical research between Osaka University Hospital and affiliated hospitals in the Osaka area and introducing a clinical data collection system (CDCS). In each hospital's EMR network, we implemented a CRF reporter that accumulated data for clinical research using a template and then sent the data to a management server in the Osaka University Hospital Data Center. To organize the patient profile data and clinical laboratory data stored in each EMR for use in clinical research, the data are retrieved from the template by an interface module developed by each vendor, according to our common data output interface specification. The data entered into the CRF reporter template for clinical research are also recorded in the EMR progress notes and sent to the data management server. This network infrastructure can also be used as a medical image collection system that automatically collects images for research from PACS at each hospital. These systems are managed under common subject numbers issued by the CDCS. RESULTS A network infrastructure was established among 19 hospitals, and a CRF reporter was incorporated into the EMR. A medical image transfer system was introduced in 13 hospitals. Since 2013, 28 clinical studies have been conducted using this system, and data for 9,987 cases have been collected as of December 31, 2020. CONCLUSION Incorporating a CRF reporter with medical image transfer system into the EMR has proven useful for collecting research data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirou Manabe
- Medical Informatics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Toshihiro Takeda
- Medical Informatics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Masashi Yamamoto
- Division of Medical Informatics, Osaka University Hospital, 2-15, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshie Shimai
- Division of Medical Informatics, Osaka University Hospital, 2-15, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | | | - Tomomi Yamada
- Division of Data Coordinating Center, Osaka University Hospital, 2-15, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shozo Konishi
- Medical Informatics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasushi Matsumura
- Medical Informatics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; MKS Ltd., 9-14A, Muromachi, Ikeda, Osaka 563-0047, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bhanot K, Qi M, Erickson JS, Guyon I, Bennett KP. The Problem of Fairness in Synthetic Healthcare Data. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 23:1165. [PMID: 34573790 PMCID: PMC8468495 DOI: 10.3390/e23091165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Access to healthcare data such as electronic health records (EHR) is often restricted by laws established to protect patient privacy. These restrictions hinder the reproducibility of existing results based on private healthcare data and also limit new research. Synthetically-generated healthcare data solve this problem by preserving privacy and enabling researchers and policymakers to drive decisions and methods based on realistic data. Healthcare data can include information about multiple in- and out- patient visits of patients, making it a time-series dataset which is often influenced by protected attributes like age, gender, race etc. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated health inequities, with certain subgroups experiencing poorer outcomes and less access to healthcare. To combat these inequities, synthetic data must "fairly" represent diverse minority subgroups such that the conclusions drawn on synthetic data are correct and the results can be generalized to real data. In this article, we develop two fairness metrics for synthetic data, and analyze all subgroups defined by protected attributes to analyze the bias in three published synthetic research datasets. These covariate-level disparity metrics revealed that synthetic data may not be representative at the univariate and multivariate subgroup-levels and thus, fairness should be addressed when developing data generation methods. We discuss the need for measuring fairness in synthetic healthcare data to enable the development of robust machine learning models to create more equitable synthetic healthcare datasets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karan Bhanot
- Department of Computer Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; (M.Q.); (K.P.B.)
- OptumLabs, Eden Prairie, MN 55344, USA
| | - Miao Qi
- Department of Computer Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; (M.Q.); (K.P.B.)
| | - John S. Erickson
- Rensselaer Institute for Data Exploration and Applications, Troy, NY 12180, USA;
| | - Isabelle Guyon
- LISN, CNRS/INRIA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
- ChaLearn, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Kristin P. Bennett
- Department of Computer Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; (M.Q.); (K.P.B.)
- Rensselaer Institute for Data Exploration and Applications, Troy, NY 12180, USA;
- Department of Mathematics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Holmes JH, Beinlich J, Boland MR, Bowles KH, Chen Y, Cook TS, Demiris G, Draugelis M, Fluharty L, Gabriel PE, Grundmeier R, Hanson CW, Herman DS, Himes BE, Hubbard RA, Kahn CE, Kim D, Koppel R, Long Q, Mirkovic N, Morris JS, Mowery DL, Ritchie MD, Urbanowicz R, Moore JH. Why Is the Electronic Health Record So Challenging for Research and Clinical Care? Methods Inf Med 2021; 60:32-48. [PMID: 34282602 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The electronic health record (EHR) has become increasingly ubiquitous. At the same time, health professionals have been turning to this resource for access to data that is needed for the delivery of health care and for clinical research. There is little doubt that the EHR has made both of these functions easier than earlier days when we relied on paper-based clinical records. Coupled with modern database and data warehouse systems, high-speed networks, and the ability to share clinical data with others are large number of challenges that arguably limit the optimal use of the EHR OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to provide an exhaustive reference for those who use the EHR in clinical and research contexts, but also for health information systems professionals as they design, implement, and maintain EHR systems. METHODS This study includes a panel of 24 biomedical informatics researchers, information technology professionals, and clinicians, all of whom have extensive experience in design, implementation, and maintenance of EHR systems, or in using the EHR as clinicians or researchers. All members of the panel are affiliated with Penn Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and have experience with a variety of different EHR platforms and systems and how they have evolved over time. RESULTS Each of the authors has shared their knowledge and experience in using the EHR in a suite of 20 short essays, each representing a specific challenge and classified according to a functional hierarchy of interlocking facets such as usability and usefulness, data quality, standards, governance, data integration, clinical care, and clinical research. CONCLUSION We provide here a set of perspectives on the challenges posed by the EHR to clinical and research users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John H Holmes
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - James Beinlich
- Information Technology Entity Services and Corporate Information Services, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Mary R Boland
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Kathryn H Bowles
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Tessa S Cook
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - George Demiris
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Michael Draugelis
- Department of Predictive Health Care, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Laura Fluharty
- Clinical Research Operations, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Peter E Gabriel
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Robert Grundmeier
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - C William Hanson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Daniel S Herman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Blanca E Himes
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Rebecca A Hubbard
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Charles E Kahn
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Dokyoon Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Ross Koppel
- Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Qi Long
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Nebojsa Mirkovic
- Department of Research Analytics, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jeffrey S Morris
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Danielle L Mowery
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Ryan Urbanowicz
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jason H Moore
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Peer K, Adams WG, Legler A, Sandel M, Levy JI, Boynton-Jarrett R, Kim C, Leibler JH, Fabian MP. Developing and evaluating a pediatric asthma severity computable phenotype derived from electronic health records. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:2162-2170. [PMID: 33338540 PMCID: PMC8328264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive data available in electronic health records (EHRs) have the potential to improve asthma care and understanding of factors influencing asthma outcomes. However, this work can be accomplished only when the EHR data allow for accurate measures of severity, which at present are complex and inconsistent. OBJECTIVE Our aims were to create and evaluate a standardized pediatric asthma severity phenotype based in clinical asthma guidelines for use in EHR-based health initiatives and studies and also to examine the presence and absence of these data in relation to patient characteristics. METHODS We developed an asthma severity computable phenotype and compared the concordance of different severity components contributing to the phenotype to trends in the literature. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the presence of EHR data relevant to asthma severity. RESULTS The asthma severity computable phenotype performs as expected in comparison with national statistics and the literature. Severity classification for a child is maximized when based on the long-term medication regimen component and minimized when based only on the symptom data component. Use of the severity phenotype results in better, clinically grounded classification. Children for whom severity could be ascertained from these EHR data were more likely to be seen for asthma in the outpatient setting and less likely to be older or Hispanic. Black children were less likely to have lung function testing data present. CONCLUSION We developed a pragmatic computable phenotype for pediatric asthma severity that is transportable to other EHRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Komal Peer
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Mass.
| | - William G Adams
- Boston Medical Center, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass
| | | | - Megan Sandel
- Boston Medical Center, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass
| | - Jonathan I Levy
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - Renée Boynton-Jarrett
- Boston Medical Center, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass
| | - Chanmin Kim
- Department of Statistics, SungKyunKwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jessica H Leibler
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - M Patricia Fabian
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Syed S, Syed M, Syeda HB, Garza M, Bennett W, Bona J, Begum S, Baghal A, Zozus M, Prior F. API Driven On-Demand Participant ID Pseudonymization in Heterogeneous Multi-Study Research. Healthc Inform Res 2021; 27:39-47. [PMID: 33611875 PMCID: PMC7921568 DOI: 10.4258/hir.2021.27.1.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To facilitate clinical and translational research, imaging and non-imaging clinical data from multiple disparate systems must be aggregated for analysis. Study participant records from various sources are linked together and to patient records when possible to address research questions while ensuring patient privacy. This paper presents a novel tool that pseudonymizes participant identifiers (PIDs) using a researcher-driven automated process that takes advantage of application-programming interface (API) and the Perl Open-Source Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine Archive (POSDA) to further de-identify PIDs. The tool, on-demand cohort and API participant identifier pseudonymization (O-CAPP), employs a pseudonymization method based on the type of incoming research data. METHODS For images, pseudonymization of PIDs is done using API calls that receive PIDs present in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) headers and returns the pseudonymized identifiers. For non-imaging clinical research data, PIDs provided by study principal investigators (PIs) are pseudonymized using a nightly automated process. The pseudonymized PIDs (P-PIDs) along with other protected health information is further de-identified using POSDA. RESULTS A sample of 250 PIDs pseudonymized by O-CAPP were selected and successfully validated. Of those, 125 PIDs that were pseudonymized by the nightly automated process were validated by multiple clinical trial investigators (CTIs). For the other 125, CTIs validated radiologic image pseudonymization by API request based on the provided PID and P-PID mappings. CONCLUSIONS We developed a novel approach of an ondemand pseudonymization process that will aide researchers in obtaining a comprehensive and holistic view of study participant data without compromising patient privacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shorabuddin Syed
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR,
USA
| | - Mahanazuddin Syed
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR,
USA
| | - Hafsa Bareen Syeda
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR,
USA
| | - Maryam Garza
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR,
USA
| | - William Bennett
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR,
USA
| | - Jonathan Bona
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR,
USA
| | - Salma Begum
- Department of Information Technology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR,
USA
| | - Ahmad Baghal
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR,
USA
| | - Meredith Zozus
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX,
USA
| | - Fred Prior
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR,
USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Challenges Frequently Encountered in the Secondary Use of Electronic Medical Record Data for Research. Comput Inform Nurs 2020; 38:338-348. [PMID: 32149742 DOI: 10.1097/cin.0000000000000609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The wide adoption of electronic medical records and subsequent availability of large amounts of clinical data provide a rich resource for researchers. However, the secondary use of clinical data for research purposes is not without limitations. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we conducted a systematic review to identify current issues related to secondary use of electronic medical record data via MEDLINE and CINAHL databases. All articles published until June 2018 were included. Sixty articles remained after title and abstract review, and four domains of potential limitations were identified: (1) data quality issues, present in 91.7% of the articles reviewed; (2) data preprocessing challenges (53.3%); (3) privacy concerns (18.3%); and (4) potential for limited generalizability (21.7%). Researchers must be aware of the limitations inherent to the use of electronic medical record data for research and consider the potential effects of these limitations throughout the entire study process, from initial conceptualization to the identification of adequate sources that can provide data appropriate for answering the research questions, analysis, and reporting study results. Consideration should also be given to using existing data quality assessment frameworks to facilitate use of standardized data quality definitions and further efforts of standard data quality reporting in publications.
Collapse
|
26
|
Nguyen A, O'Dwyer J, Vu T, Webb PM, Johnatty SE, Spurdle AB. Generating high-quality data abstractions from scanned clinical records: text-mining-assisted extraction of endometrial carcinoma pathology features as proof of principle. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e037740. [PMID: 32532784 PMCID: PMC7295399 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Medical research studies often rely on the manual collection of data from scanned typewritten clinical records, which can be laborious, time consuming and error prone because of the need to review individual clinical records. We aimed to use text mining to assist with the extraction of clinical features from complex text-based scanned pathology records for medical research studies. DESIGN Text mining performance was measured by extracting and annotating three distinct pathological features from scanned photocopies of endometrial carcinoma clinical pathology reports, and comparing results to manually abstracted terms. Inclusion and exclusion keyword trigger terms to capture leiomyomas, endometriosis and adenomyosis were provided based on expert knowledge. Terms were expanded with character variations based on common optical character recognition (OCR) error patterns as well as negation phrases found in sample reports. The approach was evaluated on an unseen test set of 1293 scanned pathology reports originating from laboratories across Australia. SETTING Scanned typewritten pathology reports for women aged 18-79 years with newly diagnosed endometrial cancer (2005-2007) in Australia. RESULTS High concordance with final abstracted codes was observed for identifying the presence of three pathology features (94%-98% F-measure). The approach was more consistent and reliable than manual abstractions, identifying 3%-14% additional feature instances. CONCLUSION Keyword trigger-based automation with OCR error correction and negation handling proved not only to be rapid and convenient, but also providing consistent and reliable data abstractions from scanned clinical records. In conjunction with manual review, it can assist in the generation of high-quality data abstractions for medical research studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Nguyen
- The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - John O'Dwyer
- The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thanh Vu
- The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Penelope M Webb
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sharon E Johnatty
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amanda B Spurdle
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Designing, Conducting, Monitoring, and Analyzing Data from Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trials: Proceedings from a Multi-stakeholder Think Tank Meeting. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2020; 54:1477-1488. [DOI: 10.1007/s43441-020-00175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
28
|
Parab AA, Mehta P, Vattikola A, Denney CK, Cherry M, Maniar RM, Kjaer J. Accelerating the Adoption of eSource in Clinical Research: A Transcelerate Point of View. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2020; 54:1141-1151. [PMID: 32128701 PMCID: PMC7458943 DOI: 10.1007/s43441-020-00138-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
For almost a decade, regulators and pharmaceutical industry groups have been interested in electronic source (eSource) in clinical trials (Nordo et al. in Learn Health Syst 3:e10076, 2019). eSource may provide efficiencies and value; however, eSource adoption is fragmented and slow. Acceleration of eSource adoption is a critical step in modernizing the conduct of clinical trials. The desired future state is one in which all source data, acquired through any context (e.g., healthcare delivery, chronic disease management) and actor (e.g., healthcare professional, patient, caregiver), are completely electronic, adequate in quality, and fully acceptable in clinical trial submissions by regulators worldwide. Achieving this desired future state requires transformative change management to foster adoption and minimize the burden of implementing eSource. Realizing this vision requires collaborative and dedicated efforts from multiple stakeholders, including patients, clinical trial participants, sites, technology vendors, standards organizations, regulators, payers, and sponsors. Stakeholders should align upon guidance to promote data integrity, data privacy, data security, and interoperability. The eSource revolution requires open dialogue, inclusive of shared learnings among stakeholders, to collectively and rapidly advance adoption. Adoption of eSource will optimize clinical research by enabling faster access to research data and more rapid decision-making, increasing clinical trial efficiency. Furthermore, adoption of eSource will improve data integrity by allowing direct data flow from the source to the sponsor’s system, with minimal or no human intervention. This paper provides the TransCelerate point of view (POV) and recommendations to achieve the future state vision of complete utilization of eSource data in clinical trials and builds on previous TransCelerate eSource publications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit A. Parab
- Global Clinical Data Management and Central Monitoring, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA
| | - Prasann Mehta
- Global Data Management & Standards, Merck & Company Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033 USA
| | - Arundhati Vattikola
- Business Technology Services, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, Novartis, NJ 07936 USA
| | - Christine K. Denney
- Medicines Development IT, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA
| | - Michele Cherry
- Business Technology, Pfizer Inc., 235 East 42nd Street, New York, NY 10017 USA
| | - Rakesh M. Maniar
- Business Technology Services, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, Novartis, NJ 07936 USA
| | - Jesper Kjaer
- R&D IT, Novo Nordisk A/S, Vandtårnsvej 114, 2860 Søborg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Medical Time-Series Data Generation Using Generative Adversarial Networks. Artif Intell Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-59137-3_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
30
|
Pfaff ER, Champion J, Bradford RL, Clark M, Xu H, Fecho K, Krishnamurthy A, Cox S, Chute CG, Overby Taylor C, Ahalt S. Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) as a Meta Model to Integrate Common Data Models: Development of a Tool and Quantitative Validation Study. JMIR Med Inform 2019; 7:e15199. [PMID: 31621639 PMCID: PMC6913576 DOI: 10.2196/15199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In a multisite clinical research collaboration, institutions may or may not use the same common data model (CDM) to store clinical data. To overcome this challenge, we proposed to use Health Level 7’s Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) as a meta-CDM—a single standard to represent clinical data. Objective In this study, we aimed to create an open-source application termed the Clinical Asset Mapping Program for FHIR (CAMP FHIR) to efficiently transform clinical data to FHIR for supporting source-agnostic CDM-to-FHIR mapping. Methods Mapping with CAMP FHIR involves (1) mapping each source variable to its corresponding FHIR element and (2) mapping each item in the source data’s value sets to the corresponding FHIR value set item for variables with strict value sets. To date, CAMP FHIR has been used to transform 108 variables from the Informatics for Integrating Biology & the Bedside (i2b2) and Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Network data models to fields across 7 FHIR resources. It is designed to allow input from any source data model and will support additional FHIR resources in the future. Results We have used CAMP FHIR to transform data on approximately 23,000 patients with asthma from our institution’s i2b2 database. Data quality and integrity were validated against the origin point of the data, our enterprise clinical data warehouse. Conclusions We believe that CAMP FHIR can serve as an alternative to implementing new CDMs on a project-by-project basis. Moreover, the use of FHIR as a CDM could support rare data sharing opportunities, such as collaborations between academic medical centers and community hospitals. We anticipate adoption and use of CAMP FHIR to foster sharing of clinical data across institutions for downstream applications in translational research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Rose Pfaff
- North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - James Champion
- North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Robert Louis Bradford
- North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Marshall Clark
- North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Hao Xu
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Karamarie Fecho
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ashok Krishnamurthy
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Steven Cox
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | | | | | - Stan Ahalt
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|