1
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Spring BQ, Watanabe K, Ichikawa M, Mallidi S, Matsudaira T, Timerman D, Swain JWR, Mai Z, Wakimoto H, Hasan T. Red light-activated depletion of drug-refractory glioblastoma stem cells and chemosensitization of an acquired-resistant mesenchymal phenotype. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38922889 DOI: 10.1111/php.13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) are potent tumor initiators resistant to radiochemotherapy, and this subpopulation is hypothesized to re-populate the tumor milieu due to selection following conventional therapies. Here, we show that 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) treatment-a pro-fluorophore used for fluorescence-guided cancer surgery-leads to elevated levels of fluorophore conversion in patient-derived GSC cultures, and subsequent red light-activation induces apoptosis in both intrinsically temozolomide chemotherapy-sensitive and -resistant GSC phenotypes. Red light irradiation of ALA-treated cultures also exhibits the ability to target mesenchymal GSCs (Mes-GSCs) with induced temozolomide resistance. Furthermore, sub-lethal light doses restore Mes-GSC sensitivity to temozolomide, abrogating GSC-acquired chemoresistance. These results suggest that ALA is not only useful for fluorescence-guided glioblastoma tumor resection, but that it also facilitates a GSC drug-resistance agnostic, red light-activated modality to mop up the surgical margins and prime subsequent chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Q Spring
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kohei Watanabe
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Healthcare Optics Research Laboratory, Canon USA, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Megumi Ichikawa
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Srivalleesha Mallidi
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tatsuyuki Matsudaira
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dmitriy Timerman
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph W R Swain
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhiming Mai
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Brain Tumor Research Center and Molecular Neurosurgery Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Timilsina S, Saad MA, Lang RT, Hasan T, Spring BQ. Methods for assessing and removing non-specific photoimmunotherapy damage in patient-derived tumor cell culture models. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38728432 DOI: 10.1111/php.13957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-targeted, activatable photoimmunotherapy (taPIT) has been shown to selectively destroy tumor in a metastatic mouse model. However, the photoimmunoconjugate (PIC) used for taPIT includes a small fraction of non-covalently associated (free) benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD), which leads to non-specific killing in vitro. Here, we report a new treatment protocol for patient-derived primary tumor cell cultures ultrasensitive to BPD photodynamic therapy (BPD-PDT). Based on free BPD efflux dynamics, the updated in vitro taPIT protocol precludes non-specific BPD-PDT by silencing the effect of free BPD. Following incubation with PIC, incubating cells with PIC-free medium allows time for expulsion of free BPD whereas BPD covalently bound to PIC fragments is retained. Administration of the light dose after the intracellular free BPD drops below the threshold for inducing cell death helps to mitigate non-specific damage. In this study, we tested two primary ovarian tumor cell lines that are intrinsically chemoresistant, yet ultrasensitive to BPD-PDT such that small amounts of free BPD (a few percent of the total BPD dose) lead to potent induction of cell death upon irradiation. The modifications in the protocol suggested here improve in vitro taPIT experiments that lack in vivo mechanisms of free BPD clearance (i.e., lymph and blood flow).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Timilsina
- Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mohammad Ahsan Saad
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryan T Lang
- Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bryan Q Spring
- Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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Viana Cabral F, Quilez Alburquerque J, Roberts HJ, Hasan T. Shedding Light on Chemoresistance: The Perspective of Photodynamic Therapy in Cancer Management. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3811. [PMID: 38612619 PMCID: PMC11011502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The persistent failure of standard chemotherapy underscores the urgent need for innovative and targeted approaches in cancer treatment. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising photochemistry-based approach to address chemoresistance in cancer regimens. PDT not only induces cell death but also primes surviving cells, enhancing their susceptibility to subsequent therapies. This review explores the principles of PDT and discusses the concept of photodynamic priming (PDP), which augments the effectiveness of treatments like chemotherapy. Furthermore, the integration of nanotechnology for precise drug delivery at the right time and location and PDT optimization are examined. Ultimately, this study highlights the potential and limitations of PDT and PDP in cancer treatment paradigms, offering insights into future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Viana Cabral
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (F.V.C.); (J.Q.A.); (H.J.R.)
| | - Jose Quilez Alburquerque
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (F.V.C.); (J.Q.A.); (H.J.R.)
| | - Harrison James Roberts
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (F.V.C.); (J.Q.A.); (H.J.R.)
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (F.V.C.); (J.Q.A.); (H.J.R.)
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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4
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Zhang YQ, Liu QH, Liu L, Guo PY, Wang RZ, Ba ZC. Verteporfin fluorescence in antineoplastic-treated pancreatic cancer cells found concentrated in mitochondria. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:968-978. [PMID: 38577459 PMCID: PMC10989366 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i3.968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional treatments for pancreatic cancer (PC) are inadequate. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is non-invasive, and proven safe to kill cancer cells, including PC. However, the mitochondrial concentration of the photosensitizer, such as verteporfin, is key. AIM To investigate the distribution of fluorescence of verteporfin in PC cells treated with antitumor drugs, post-PDT. METHODS Workable survival rates of PC cells (AsPC-1, BxPC-3) were determined with chemotherapy [doxorubicin (DOX) and gemcitabine (GEM)] and non-chemotherapy [sirolimus (SRL) and cetuximab (CTX)] drugs in vitro, with or without verteporfin, as measured via MTT, flow cytometry, and laser confocal microscopy. Reduced cell proliferation was associated with GEM that was more enduring compared with DOX. Confocal laser microscopy allowed observation of GEM- and verteporfin-treated PC cells co-stained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and MitoTracker Green to differentiate living and dead cells and subcellular localization of verteporfin, respectively. RESULTS Cell survival significantly dropped upon exposure to either chemotherapy drug, but not to SRL or CTX. Both cell lines responded similarly to GEM. The intensity of fluorescence was associated with the concentration of verteporfin. Additional experiments using GEM showed that survival rates of the PC cells treated with 10 μmol/L verteporfin (but not less) were significantly lower relative to nil verteporfin. Living and dead stained cells treated with GEM were distinguishable. After GEM treatment, verteporfin was observed primarily in the mitochondria. CONCLUSION Verteporfin was observed in living cells. In GEM -treated human PC cells, verteporfin was particularly prevalent in the mitochondria. This study supports further study of PDT for the treatment of PC after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qiao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150010, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Qing-Hao Liu
- Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150010, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Radiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150010, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Peng-Yu Guo
- Department of Radiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150010, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Run-Ze Wang
- Department of Radiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150010, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhi-Chang Ba
- Department of Radiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150010, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Saad M, Grimaldo-Garcia S, Sweeney A, Mallidi S, Hasan T. Dual-Function Antibody Conjugate-Enabled Photoimmunotherapy Complements Fluorescence and Photoacoustic Imaging of Head and Neck Cancer Spheroids. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:51-63. [PMID: 38128912 PMCID: PMC10797594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Several molecular-targeted imaging and therapeutic agents are in clinical trials for image-guided surgery and photoimmunotherapy (PIT) for head and neck cancers. In this context, we have previously reported the development, characterization, and specificity of a dual-function antibody conjugate (DFAC) for multimodal imaging and photoimmunotherapy (PIT) of EGFR-overexpressing cancer cells. The DFAC reported previously and used in the present study comprises an EGFR-targeted antibody, cetuximab, conjugated to benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) for fluorescence imaging and PIT and a Si-centered naphthalocyanine dye for photoacoustic imaging. We report here the evaluation and performance of DFAC in detecting microscopic cancer spheroids by fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging along with their treatment by PIT. We demonstrate that while fluorescence imaging can detect spheroids with volumes greater than 0.049 mm3, photoacoustic imaging-based detection was possible even for the smallest spheroids (0.01 mm3) developed in the study. When subjected to PIT, the spheroids showed a dose-dependent response, with smaller spheroids (0.01 and 0.018 mm3) showing a complete response with no recurrence when treated with 100 J/cm2. Together our results demonstrate the complementary imaging and treatment capacity of DFAC. This potentially enables fluorescence imaging to assess the presence of tumor on a macroscopic scale, followed by photoacoustic imaging for delineating tumor margins guiding surgical resection and elimination of any residual microscopic disease by PIT, in a single intraoperative setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad
A. Saad
- Massachusetts
General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | | | - Allison Sweeney
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology Center, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Srivalleesha Mallidi
- Massachusetts
General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology Center, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Massachusetts
General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Division
of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard
University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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6
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Yamashita J, Kimoto A, Teraoka S, Hiraoka Y, Takeda D, Kakei Y, Shigeoka M, Hasegawa T, Akashi M. Photodynamic therapy with verteporfin accelerates apoptotic bleb formation in human ameloblastoma. Oral Dis 2023. [PMID: 37890051 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although benign, ameloblastoma is a locally aggressive lesion in some patients and the development of additional treatments is needed. Verteporfin (VP) is a photosensitizer exhibiting considerable photocytotoxicity in various tumor cells. We aimed to investigate the effects of verteporfin photodynamic therapy (VP PDT) on ameloblastoma. METHODS Eighteen patients who underwent surgery for ameloblastoma were randomly selected. We performed an immunohistochemical assessment to investigate the expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and Yes-associated protein (YAP), targets of VP, in human ameloblastoma tissues and cultured human ameloblastoma cell line (HAM1). The effect of VP PDT on cell proliferation and apoptosis in HAM1 was analyzed. RESULTS The expression of LDLR and YAP were detected in human ameloblastoma tissues and HAM1. LDLR expression was significantly higher in patients who had previously undergone surgery than in patients who were receiving it for the first time. The cytotoxic effect of the combination of low-concentration VP administration and laser irradiation was comparable to high-concentration VP administration with and without laser irradiation. The addition of laser irradiation to VP administration significantly accelerated apoptotic bleb formation compared with VP administration alone. CONCLUSION VP PDT has the potential to become an additional treatment for large-sized ameloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Yamashita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akira Kimoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shun Teraoka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yujiro Hiraoka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takeda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Kakei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Manabu Shigeoka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takumi Hasegawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaya Akashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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7
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Gu X, Shu T, Deng W, Shen C, Wu Y. An X-ray activatable gold nanorod encapsulated liposome delivery system for mitochondria-targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT). J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:4539-4547. [PMID: 37161717 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00608e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we developed a mitochondria-targeted nanomaterial for neoadjuvant X-ray-triggered photodynamic therapy of rectal cancer. Herein, we designed a biodegradable liposome incorporating a photosensitizer, verteporfin, to generate X-ray-induced reactive oxygen species, gold nanorods as radiation enhancers, and triphenylphosphonium as the mitochondrial targeting moiety. The average size of the nanocarrier was about 150 nm. Due to the synergetic effect between X-ray and a combination of verteporfin and gold nanorods, as well as precise site-targeted TPP-modified liposomal nanocarriers, our nanoconjugates generated sufficient cytotoxic singlet oxygen within the mitochondria under X-ray irradiation, triggering the loss of membrane potential and mitochondria-related apoptosis of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefan Gu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710065, P. R. China
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South, Wales Kensington, 2052 NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109 NSW, Australia
| | - Tiantian Shu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710065, P. R. China
| | - Wei Deng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chao Shen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109 NSW, Australia
| | - Youshen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China.
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8
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Olajubutu O, Ogundipe OD, Adebayo A, Adesina SK. Drug Delivery Strategies for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051318. [PMID: 37242560 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is fast becoming a global menace and it is projected to be the second leading cause of cancer-related death by 2030. Pancreatic adenocarcinomas, which develop in the pancreas' exocrine region, are the predominant type of pancreatic cancer, representing about 95% of total pancreatic tumors. The malignancy progresses asymptomatically, making early diagnosis difficult. It is characterized by excessive production of fibrotic stroma known as desmoplasia, which aids tumor growth and metastatic spread by remodeling the extracellular matrix and releasing tumor growth factors. For decades, immense efforts have been harnessed toward developing more effective drug delivery systems for pancreatic cancer treatment leveraging nanotechnology, immunotherapy, drug conjugates, and combinations of these approaches. However, despite the reported preclinical success of these approaches, no substantial progress has been made clinically and the prognosis for pancreatic cancer is worsening. This review provides insights into challenges associated with the delivery of therapeutics for pancreatic cancer treatment and discusses drug delivery strategies to minimize adverse effects associated with current chemotherapy options and to improve the efficiency of drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omotola D Ogundipe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Amusa Adebayo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Simeon K Adesina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
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9
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Sonnemann HM, Pazdrak B, Antunes DA, Roszik J, Lizée G. Vestigial-like 1 (VGLL1): An ancient co-transcriptional activator linking wing, placenta, and tumor development. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188892. [PMID: 37004960 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Vestigial-like 1 (VGLL1) is a recently discovered driver of proliferation and invasion that is expressed in many aggressive human malignancies and is strongly associated with poor prognosis. The VGLL1 gene encodes for a co-transcriptional activator that shows intriguing structural similarity to key activators in the hippo pathway, providing important clues to its functional role. VGLL1 binds to TEADs in an analogous fashion to YAP1 but appears to activate a distinct set of downstream gene targets. In mammals, VGLL1 expression is found almost exclusively in placental trophoblasts, cells that share many hallmarks of cancer. Due to its role as a driver of tumor progression, VGLL1 has become a target of interest for potential anticancer therapies. In this review, we discuss VGLL1 from an evolutionary perspective, contrast its role in placental and tumor development, summarize the current knowledge of how signaling pathways can modulate VGLL1 function, and discuss potential approaches for targeting VGLL1 therapeutically.
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10
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Saad MA, Hasan T. Spotlight on Photoactivatable Liposomes beyond Drug Delivery: An Enabler of Multitargeting of Molecular Pathways. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:2041-2064. [PMID: 36197738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The potential of photoactivating certain molecules, photosensitizers (PS), resulting in photochemical processes, has long been realized in the form of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the management of several cancerous and noncancerous pathologies. With an improved understanding of the photoactivation process and its broader implications, efforts are being made to exploit the various facets of photoactivation, PDT, and the associated phenomenon of photodynamic priming in enhancing treatment outcomes, specifically in cancer therapeutics. The parallel emergence of nanomedicine, specifically liposome-based nanoformulations, and the convergence of the two fields of liposome-based drug delivery and PDT have led to the development of unique hybrid systems, which combine the exciting features of liposomes with adequate complementation through the photoactivation process. While initially liposomes carrying photosensitizers (PSs) were developed for enhancing the pharmacokinetics and the general applicability of PSs, more recently, PS-loaded liposomes, apart from their utility in PDT, have found several applications including enhanced targeting of drugs, coloading multiple therapeutic agents to enhance synergistic effects, imaging, priming, triggering drug release, and facilitating the escape of therapeutic agents from the endolysosomal complex. This review discusses the design strategies, potential, and unique attributes of these hybrid systems, with not only photoactivation as an attribute but also the ability to encapsulate multiple agents for imaging, biomodulation, priming, and therapy referred to as photoactivatable multiagent/inhibitor liposomes (PMILS) and their targeted versions─targeted PMILS (TPMILS). While liposomes have formed their own niche in nanotechnology and nanomedicine with several clinically approved formulations, we try to highlight how using PS-loaded liposomes could address some of the limitations and concerns usually associated with liposomes to overcome them and enhance their preclinical and clinical utility in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Saad
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States.,Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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11
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Liew HS, Mai CW, Zulkefeli M, Madheswaran T, Kiew LV, Pua LJW, Hii LW, Lim WM, Low ML. Novel Gemcitabine-Re(I) Bisquinolinyl Complex Combinations and Formulations With Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles for Pancreatic Cancer Photodynamic Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:903210. [PMID: 35873548 PMCID: PMC9299370 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.903210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With less than 10% of 5-year survival rate, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is known to be one of the most lethal types of cancer. Current literature supports that gemcitabine is the first-line treatment of PDAC. However, poor cellular penetration of gemcitabine along with the acquired and intrinsic chemoresistance of tumor against it often reduced its efficacy and hence necessitates the administration of high gemcitabine dose during chemotherapy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a more selective and minimally invasive treatment, may be used synergistically with gemcitabine to reduce the doses utilized and dose-related side effects. This study reports the synergistic use of Re(I) bisquinolinyl complex, a transition metal complex photosensitizer with gemcitabine against PDAC. Re(I) bisquinolinyl complex was found to act synergistically with gemcitabine against PDAC in vitro at various ratios. With the aim to enhance cellular uptake and therapeutic efficiency, the Re(I) bisquinolinyl complex and gemcitabine were encapsulated into liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNPs) system. The formulations were found to produce homogeneous drug-loaded LCNPs (average size: 159-173 nm, zeta potential +1.06 to -10 mV). Around 70% of gemcitabine and 90% of the Re(I) bisquinolinyl complex were found to be entrapped efficiently in the formulated LCNPs. The release rate of gemcitabine or/and the Re(I) bisquinolinyl complex loaded into LCNPs was evaluated in vitro, and the hydrophilic gemcitabine was released at a faster rate than the lipophilic Re(I) complex. LCNPs loaded with gemcitabine and Re(I) bisquinolinyl complex in a 1:1 ratio illustrated the best anti-cancer activity among the LCNP formulations (IC50 of BxPC3: 0.15 μM; IC50 of SW 1990: 0.76 μM) through apoptosis. The current findings suggest the potential use of transition metal-based photosensitizer as an adjunctive agent for gemcitabine-based chemotherapy against PDAC and the importance of nano-formulation in such application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shan Liew
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chun-Wai Mai
- Centre for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zulkefeli
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lesley Jia Wei Pua
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ling Wei Hii
- Centre for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei Meng Lim
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - May Lee Low
- Centre for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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12
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Saad MA, Zhung W, Stanley ME, Formica S, Grimaldo-Garcia S, Obaid G, Hasan T. Photoimmunotherapy Retains Its Anti-Tumor Efficacy with Increasing Stromal Content in Heterotypic Pancreatic Cancer Spheroids. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:2549-2563. [PMID: 35583476 PMCID: PMC10443673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease characterized by increased levels of desmoplasia that contribute to reduced drug delivery and poor treatment outcomes. In PDAC, the stromal content can account for up to 90% of the total tumor volume. The complex interplay between stromal components, including pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts (PCAFs), and PDAC cells in the tumor microenvironment has a significant impact on the prognoses and thus needs to be recapitulated in vitro when evaluating various treatment strategies. This study is a systematic evaluation of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in 3D heterotypic coculture models of PDAC with varying ratios of patient-derived PCAFs that simulate heterogeneous PDAC tumors with increasing stromal content. The efficacy of antibody-targeted PDT (photoimmunotherapy; PIT) using cetuximab (a clinically approved anti-EGFR antibody) photoimmunoconjugates (PICs) of a benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) is contrasted with that of liposomal BPD (Visudyne), which is currently in clinical trials for PDT of PDAC. We demonstrate that both Visudyne-PDT and PIT were effective in heterotypic PDAC 3D spheroids with a low stromal content. However, as the stromal content increases above 50% in the 3D spheroids, the efficacy of Visudyne-PDT is reduced by up to 10-fold, while PIT retains its efficacy. PIT was found to be 10-, 19-, and 14-fold more phototoxic in spheroids with 50, 75, and 90% PCAFs, respectively, as compared to Visudyne-PDT. This marked difference in efficacy is attributed to the ability of PICs to penetrate and distribute homogeneously within spheroids with a higher stromal content and the mechanistically different modes of action of the two formulations. This study thus demonstrates how the stromal content in PDAC spheroids directly impacts their responsiveness to PDT and proposes PIT to be a highly suited treatment option for desmoplastic tumors with particularly high degrees of stromal content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Saad
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Wonho Zhung
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Margaret Elizabeth Stanley
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Sydney Formica
- Bouvè college of Health Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Girgis Obaid
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Current address: Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson 75080, Texas, USA
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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13
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Hafiz S, Xavierselvan M, Gokalp S, Labadini D, Barros S, Duong J, Foster M, Mallidi S. Eutectic Gallium-Indium Nanoparticles for Photodynamic Therapy of Pancreatic Cancer. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2022; 5:6125-6139. [PMID: 35655927 PMCID: PMC9150699 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.1c04353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Developing a cancer theranostic nanoplatform with diagnosis and treatment capabilities to effectively treat tumors and reduce side effects is of great significance. Herein, we present a drug delivery strategy for photosensitizers based on a new liquid metal nanoplatform that leverages the tumor microenvironment to achieve photodynamic therapeutic effects in pancreatic cancer. Eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) nanoparticles were successfully conjugated with a water-soluble cancer targeting ligand, hyaluronic acid, and a photosensitizer, benzoporphyrin derivative, creating EGaIn nanoparticles (EGaPs) via a simple green sonication method. The prepared sphere-shaped EGaPs, with a core-shell structure, presented high biocompatibility and stability. EGaPs had greater cellular uptake, manifested targeting competence, and generated significantly higher intracellular ROS. Further, near-infrared light activation of EGaPs demonstrated their potential to effectively eliminate cancer cells due to their single oxygen generation capability. Finally, from in vivo studies, EGaPs caused tumor regression and resulted in 2.3-fold higher necrosis than the control, therefore making a good vehicle for photodynamic therapy. The overall results highlight that EGaPs provide a new way to assemble liquid metal nanomaterials with different ligands for enhanced cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina
S. Hafiz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts
Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Marvin Xavierselvan
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Sumeyra Gokalp
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts
Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Daniela Labadini
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts
Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Sebastian Barros
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts
Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Jeanne Duong
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Michelle Foster
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts
Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Srivalleesha Mallidi
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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14
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Yaqoob MD, Xu L, Li C, Leong MML, Xu DD. Targeting Mitochondria for Cancer Photodynamic Therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 38:102830. [PMID: 35341979 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer remains a health-related concern globally from the ancient times till to date. The application of light to be used as therapeutic potential/agent has been used for several thousands of years. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a modern, non-invasive therapeutic modality for the treatment of various infections by bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Mitochondria are subcellular, double-membrane organelles that have the role in cancer and anticancer therapy. Mitochondria play a key role in regulation of apoptosis and these organelles produce most of the cell's energy which enhance its targeting objective. The role of mitochondria in anticancer approach is achieved by targeting its metabolism (glycolysis and TCA cycle) and apoptotic and ROS homeostasis. The role of mitochondria-targeted cancer therapies in photodynamic therapy have proven to be more effective than other similar non-targeting techniques. Particularly in PDT, mitochondria-targeting sensitizers are important as they have a crucial role in overcoming the hypoxia factor, resulting in high efficacy. IR-730 and IR-Pyr are the indocyine derivatives photosensitizers that play a crucial role in targeting mitochondria because of their better photostability during laser irradiation. Clinical and pre-clinical trials are going on this approach to target different solid tumors using mitochondrial targeted photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Danish Yaqoob
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China; Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Long Xu
- Department of Radiology, Central Hospital of Dongying District, Dongying, Shandong, PR China
| | - Chuanfeng Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Merrin Man Long Leong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Dan Dan Xu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
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15
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Broekgaarden M. Application of Monolayer Cell Cultures for Investigating Basic Mechanisms of Photodynamic Therapy. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2451:3-20. [PMID: 35505006 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2099-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Conventional monolayer cell cultures continue to be an inexpensive and highly accessible model of human disease that can be easily harnessed to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms of photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this communication, a collection of informative assays for conventional cell cultures are provided to determine (1) the photosensitizer uptake kinetics and localization, (2) the efficacy of PDT using metabolism- or protein-based quantification methods, (3) the effects of PDT and combination treatments on the cell cycle, (4) the cell death pathways induced by PDT, and (5) the extent of mitochondrial membrane permeabilization of PDT and photochemotherapy combinations. For each type of assay, examples from the recent literature are provided in which novel photosensitizers, their nanocarriers, and various PDT-based combination therapies are investigated. Together, these assays are examples of approaches by which monolayer cell cultures can be used as a simple yet robust and versatile model to investigate PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mans Broekgaarden
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université de Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.
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16
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Saad MA, Xavierselvan M, Sharif HA, Selfridge S, Pawle R, Varvares M, Mallidi S, Hasan T. Dual Function Antibody Conjugates for Multimodal Imaging and Photoimmunotherapy of Cancer Cells. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 98:220-231. [PMID: 34379796 PMCID: PMC10038131 DOI: 10.1111/php.13501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Precision imaging, utilizing molecular targeted agents, is an important tool in cancer diagnostics and guiding therapies. While there are limitations associated with single mode imaging probes, multimodal molecular imaging probes enabling target visualization through complementary imaging technologies provides an attractive alternative. However, there are several challenges associated with designing molecular probes carrying contrast agents for complementary multimodal imaging. Here, we propose a dual function antibody conjugate (DFAC) comprising an FDA approved photosensitizer Benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) and a naphthalocyanine-based photoacoustic dye (SiNc(OH)) for multimodal infrared (IR) imaging. While fluorescence imaging, through BPD, provides sensitivity, complementing it with photoacoustic imaging, through SiNc(OH), provides a depth-resolved spatial resolution much beyond the optical diffusion limits of fluorescence measurements. Through a series of in vitro experiments, we demonstrate the development and utilization of DFACs for multimodal imaging and photodynamic treatment of squamous cell carcinoma (A431) cell line. The proposed DFACs have potential use in precision imaging applications such as guiding tumor resection surgeries and photodynamic treatment of residual microscopic disease thereby minimizing local recurrence. The data demonstrated in this study merits further investigation for its preclinical and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Saad
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Marvin Xavierselvan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA
| | | | | | | | - Mark Varvares
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, The Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA
| | - Srivalleesha Mallidi
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Corresponding author (Tayyaba Hasan)
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17
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de Keijzer MJ, de Klerk DJ, de Haan LR, van Kooten RT, Franchi LP, Dias LM, Kleijn TG, van Doorn DJ, Heger M. Inhibition of the HIF-1 Survival Pathway as a Strategy to Augment Photodynamic Therapy Efficacy. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2451:285-403. [PMID: 35505024 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2099-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-to-minimally invasive treatment modality that utilizes photoactivatable drugs called photosensitizers to disrupt tumors with locally photoproduced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Photosensitizer activation by light results in hyperoxidative stress and subsequent tumor cell death, vascular shutdown and hypoxia, and an antitumor immune response. However, sublethally afflicted tumor cells initiate several survival mechanisms that account for decreased PDT efficacy. The hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) pathway is one of the most effective cell survival pathways that contributes to cell recovery from PDT-induced damage. Several hundred target genes of the HIF-1 heterodimeric complex collectively mediate processes that are involved in tumor cell survival directly and indirectly (e.g., vascularization, glucose metabolism, proliferation, and metastasis). The broad spectrum of biological ramifications culminating from the activation of HIF-1 target genes reflects the importance of HIF-1 in the context of therapeutic recalcitrance. This chapter elaborates on the involvement of HIF-1 in cancer biology, the hypoxic response mechanisms, and the role of HIF-1 in PDT. An overview of inhibitors that either directly or indirectly impede HIF-1-mediated survival signaling is provided. The inhibitors may be used as pharmacological adjuvants in combination with PDT to augment therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J de Keijzer
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel J de Klerk
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne R de Haan
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert T van Kooten
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leonardo P Franchi
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) 2, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences, and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, epartment of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering-Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group,University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lionel M Dias
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tony G Kleijn
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diederick J van Doorn
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Heger
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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18
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Pigula M, Mai Z, Anbil S, Choi MG, Wang K, Maytin E, Pogue B, Hasan T. Dramatic Reduction of Distant Pancreatic Metastases Using Local Light Activation of Verteporfin with Nab-Paclitaxel. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5781. [PMID: 34830934 PMCID: PMC8616053 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial drug development efforts, pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a difficult disease to treat, and surgical resection is the only potentially curative option. Unfortunately, 80% of patients are ineligible for surgery due to the presence of invasive disease and/or distant metastases at the time of diagnosis. Treatment strategies geared towards reclassifying these patients as surgical candidates by reducing metastatic burden represents the most promising approach to improve long-term survival. We describe a photodynamic therapy (PDT) based approach that, in combination with the first-line chemotherapeutic nab-paclitaxel, effectively addresses distant metastases in three separate orthotopic PDAC models in immunodeficient mice. In addition to effectively controlling local tumor growth, PDT plus nab-paclitaxel primes the tumor to elicit systemic effects and reduce or abrogate metastases. This combination dramatically inhibits (up to 100%) the eventual development of metastases in models of early stage PDAC, and completely eliminates metastasis in 55% of animals with already established distant disease in late-stage models. Our findings suggest that this light activation process initiates local biological and/or physiological changes within the tumor microenvironment that can be leveraged to treat both localized and distant disease, and potentially reclassify patients with previously inoperable disease as surgical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pigula
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Zhiming Mai
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Sriram Anbil
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Myung-Gyu Choi
- Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040, Korea;
| | - Kenneth Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA;
| | - Edward Maytin
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Brian Pogue
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
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19
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Stimulation and homogenization of the protoporphyrin IX endogenous production by photobiomodulation to increase the potency of photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 225:112347. [PMID: 34736068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) is produced in the mitochondria and used as fluorescent contrast agent or photosensitizer after exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) delivery in cancer photodynamic detection and therapy (PDT). Although routinely used in the clinics, the stimulated production of PpIX is often insufficient and/or heterogeneous within the lesions, thereby limiting the PDT performances. Since photobiomodulation, which is based on the illumination of the tissues with sub-thermal radiometric conditions in the red or near-infrared, is known to stimulate the cell metabolism, we have optimized these conditions in vitro. Some of them lead to the homogenization and strong stimulation of the PpIX endogenous production. Interestingly, combined sequentially, PBM enhanced significantly the potency of PpIX-based PDT in vitro and in vivo in tumors grown on the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane. These results are in excellent agreement with other assays based on measurements of the cell survival/death, the production of reactive oxygen species, including singlet oxygen, and the mitochondrial membrane potential.
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20
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Karimnia V, Slack FJ, Celli JP. Photodynamic Therapy for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174354. [PMID: 34503165 PMCID: PMC8431269 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the most lethal of human cancers. Numerous clinical trials evaluating various combinations of chemotherapy and targeted agents and radiotherapy have failed to provide meaningful improvements in survival. A growing number of studies however have indicated that photodynamic therapy (PDT) may be a viable approach for treatment of some pancreatic tumors. PDT, which uses light to activate a photosensitizing agent in target tissue, has seen widespread adoption primarily for dermatological and other applications where superficial light delivery is relatively straightforward. Advances in fiber optic light delivery and dosimetry however have been leveraged to enable PDT even for challenging internal sites, including the pancreas. The aim of this article is to help inform future directions by reviewing relevant literature on the basic science, current clinical status, and potential challenges in the development of PDT as a treatment for PDAC. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the most lethal of human cancers. Clinical trials of various chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted agents and combination strategies have generally failed to provide meaningful improvement in survival for patients with unresectable disease. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemistry-based approach that enables selective cell killing using tumor-localizing agents activated by visible or near-infrared light. In recent years, clinical studies have demonstrated the technical feasibility of PDT for patients with locally advanced PDAC while a growing body of preclinical literature has shown that PDT can overcome drug resistance and target problematic and aggressive disease. Emerging evidence also suggests the ability of PDT to target PDAC stroma, which is known to act as both a barrier to drug delivery and a tumor-promoting signaling partner. Here, we review the literature which indicates an emergent role of PDT in clinical management of PDAC, including the potential for combination with other targeted agents and RNA medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Karimnia
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA;
| | - Frank J. Slack
- Department of Pathology, BIDMC Cancer Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Jonathan P. Celli
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA;
- Correspondence:
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21
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Hanada Y, Pereira SP, Pogue B, Maytin EV, Hasan T, Linn B, Mangels-Dick T, Wang KK. EUS-guided verteporfin photodynamic therapy for pancreatic cancer. Gastrointest Endosc 2021; 94:179-186. [PMID: 33647286 PMCID: PMC10434704 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2021.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) often causes obstruction. Verteporfin photodynamic therapy (PDT) can feasibly "debulk" the tumor more safely than noncurative surgery and has multiple advantages over older PDT agents. We aimed to assess the feasibility of EUS-guided verteporfin PDT in ablating nonresectable LAPC. METHODS Adults with LAPC with adequate biliary drainage were prospectively enrolled. Exclusion criteria were significant metastatic disease burden, disease involving >50% duodenal or major artery circumference, and recent treatment with curative intent. CT was obtained between days -28 to 0. On day 0, verteporfin .4 mg/kg was infused 60 to 90 minutes before EUS, during which a diffuser was positioned in the tumor and delivered light at 50 J/cm for 333 seconds. CT was obtained on day 2, with adverse event monitoring occurring on days 1, 2, and 14. The primary outcome was presence of necrosis. RESULTS Of 8 patients (62.5% men, mean age 65 ± 7.9 years) included in the study, 5 were staged at T3, 2 at T2, and 1 at T1. Most (n = 4) had primary lesions in the pancreatic head. Mean pretrial tumor diameter was 33.3 ± 13.4 mm. On day 2 CT, 5 lesions demonstrated a zone of necrosis measuring a mean diameter of 15.7 ± 5.5 mm; 3 cases did not develop necrosis. No adverse events were noted during the procedure or postprocedure observation period (days 1-3), and no changes in patient-reported outcomes were noted. CONCLUSIONS In this pilot study, EUS-guided verteporfin PDT is feasible and shows promise as a minimally invasive ablative therapy for LAPC in select patients. Tumor necrosis is visible within 48 hours after treatment. Patient enrollment and data collection are ongoing. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT03033225.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Hanada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN, USA)
| | - Stephen P. Pereira
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London (London, England)
| | - Brian Pogue
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Dartmouth College (Hanover, NH, USA)
| | | | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (Boston, MA, USA)
| | - Bryan Linn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN, USA)
| | | | - Kenneth K. Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN, USA)
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22
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Gunaydin G, Gedik ME, Ayan S. Photodynamic Therapy-Current Limitations and Novel Approaches. Front Chem 2021; 9:691697. [PMID: 34178948 PMCID: PMC8223074 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.691697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) mostly relies on the generation of singlet oxygen, via the excitation of a photosensitizer, so that target tumor cells can be destroyed. PDT can be applied in the settings of several malignant diseases. In fact, the earliest preclinical applications date back to 1900’s. Dougherty reported the treatment of skin tumors by PDT in 1978. Several further studies around 1980 demonstrated the effectiveness of PDT. Thus, the technique has attracted the attention of numerous researchers since then. Hematoporphyrin derivative received the FDA approval as a clinical application of PDT in 1995. We have indeed witnessed a considerable progress in the field over the last century. Given the fact that PDT has a favorable adverse event profile and can enhance anti-tumor immune responses as well as demonstrating minimally invasive characteristics, it is disappointing that PDT is not broadly utilized in the clinical setting for the treatment of malignant and/or non-malignant diseases. Several issues still hinder the development of PDT, such as those related with light, tissue oxygenation and inherent properties of the photosensitizers. Various photosensitizers have been designed/synthesized in order to overcome the limitations. In this Review, we provide a general overview of the mechanisms of action in terms of PDT in cancer, including the effects on immune system and vasculature as well as mechanisms related with tumor cell destruction. We will also briefly mention the application of PDT for non-malignant diseases. The current limitations of PDT utilization in cancer will be reviewed, since identifying problems associated with design/synthesis of photosensitizers as well as application of light and tissue oxygenation might pave the way for more effective PDT approaches. Furthermore, novel promising approaches to improve outcome in PDT such as selectivity, bioengineering, subcellular/organelle targeting, etc. will also be discussed in detail, since the potential of pioneering and exceptional approaches that aim to overcome the limitations and reveal the full potential of PDT in terms of clinical translation are undoubtedly exciting. A better understanding of novel concepts in the field (e.g. enhanced, two-stage, fractional PDT) will most likely prove to be very useful for pursuing and improving effective PDT strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurcan Gunaydin
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Emre Gedik
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seylan Ayan
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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Rebelo R, Polónia B, Santos LL, Vasconcelos MH, Xavier CPR. Drug Repurposing Opportunities in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:280. [PMID: 33804613 PMCID: PMC8003696 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is considered one of the deadliest tumors worldwide. The diagnosis is often possible only in the latter stages of the disease, with patients already presenting an advanced or metastatic tumor. It is also one of the cancers with poorest prognosis, presenting a five-year survival rate of around 5%. Treatment of PDAC is still a major challenge, with cytotoxic chemotherapy remaining the basis of systemic therapy. However, no major advances have been made recently, and therapeutic options are limited and highly toxic. Thus, novel therapeutic options are urgently needed. Drug repurposing is a strategy for the development of novel treatments using approved or investigational drugs outside the scope of the original clinical indication. Since repurposed drugs have already completed several stages of the drug development process, a broad range of data is already available. Thus, when compared with de novo drug development, drug repurposing is time-efficient, inexpensive and has less risk of failure in future clinical trials. Several repurposing candidates have been investigated in the past years for the treatment of PDAC, as single agents or in combination with conventional chemotherapy. This review gives an overview of the main drugs that have been investigated as repurposing candidates, for the potential treatment of PDAC, in preclinical studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Rebelo
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.R.); (B.P.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Polónia
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.R.); (B.P.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcio Lara Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO—Instituto Português de Oncologia, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
- ICBAS—Biomedical Sciences Institute Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - M. Helena Vasconcelos
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.R.); (B.P.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP—Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina P. R. Xavier
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.R.); (B.P.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP—Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Karimnia V, Rizvi I, Slack FJ, Celli JP. Photodestruction of Stromal Fibroblasts Enhances Tumor Response to PDT in 3D Pancreatic Cancer Coculture Models. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:416-426. [PMID: 33011973 PMCID: PMC7965253 DOI: 10.1111/php.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the most lethal of human cancers. The dismal response of PDAC to virtually all therapeutics is associated, in part, with a characteristically dense fibrotic stroma. This stroma not only acts as a barrier to drug perfusion, but also promotes tumor survival through paracrine crosstalk and biophysical interactions. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is being explored for PDAC treatment, though the impact of tumor-promoting stromal crosstalk on PDT response in PDAC is not well-characterized. The current study assesses the effect of tumor-stroma interactions on response to PDT or chemotherapy in heterocellular 3D cocultures using PDAC cells and two different fibroblastic cell types (pancreatic stellate cells, PSCs, and a normal human fibroblast cell line, MRC5) embedded in extracellular matrix (ECM). While stromal fibroblasts promote resistance to chemotherapy as expected, PDAC 3D nodules in coculture with fibroblasts exhibit increased response to PDT relative to homotypic cultures. These results point to the potential for PDT to overcome tumor-promoting stromal interactions associated with poor therapeutic response in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Karimnia
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Imran Rizvi
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Frank J. Slack
- Department of Pathology, BIDMC Cancer Center/Harvard Medical School; 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Celli
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
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Rosenzweig B, Corradi RB, Budhu S, Alvim R, Recabal P, La Rosa S, Somma A, Monette S, Scherz A, Kim K, Coleman JA. Neoadjuvant vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy improves survival and reduces recurrence and progression in a mouse model of urothelial cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4842. [PMID: 33649388 PMCID: PMC7921650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Locally advanced urothelial cancer has high recurrence and progression rates following surgical treatment. This highlights the need to develop neoadjuvant strategies that are both effective and well-tolerated. We hypothesized that neoadjuvant sub-ablative vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy (sbVTP), through its immunotherapeutic mechanism, would improve survival and reduce recurrence and progression in a murine model of urothelial cancer. After urothelial tumor implantation and 17 days before surgical resection, mice received neoadjuvant sbVTP (WST11; Tookad Soluble, Steba Biotech, France). Local and systemic response and survival served as measures of therapeutic efficacy, while immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry elucidated the immunotherapeutic mechanism. Data analysis included two-sided Kaplan-Meier, Mann-Whitney, and Fischer exact tests. Tumor volume was significantly smaller in sbVTP-treated animals than in controls (135 mm3 vs. 1222 mm3, P < 0.0001) on the day of surgery. Systemic progression was significantly lower in sbVTP-treated animals (l7% vs. 30%, P < 0.01). Both median progression-free survival and overall survival were significantly greater among animals that received sbVTP and surgery than among animals that received surgery alone (P < 0.05). Neoadjuvant-treated animals also demonstrated significantly lower local recurrence. Neoadjuvant sbVTP was associated with increased early antigen-presenting cells, and subsequent improvements in long-term memory and increases in effector and active T-cells in the spleen, lungs, and blood. In summary, neoadjuvant sbVTP delayed local and systemic progression, prolonged progression-free and overall survival, and reduced local recurrence, thereby demonstrating therapeutic efficacy through an immune-mediated response. These findings strongly support its evaluation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barak Rosenzweig
- Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave., New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Urology, Urologic-Oncology Service, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, 5262080, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | - Renato B Corradi
- Department of Surgery, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sadna Budhu
- Immunology Program, The Jedd Wolchok Lab, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ricardo Alvim
- Department of Surgery, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pedro Recabal
- Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave., New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Stephen La Rosa
- Department of Surgery, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alex Somma
- Department of Surgery, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sebastien Monette
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Avigdor Scherz
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Kwanghee Kim
- Department of Surgery, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan A Coleman
- Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave., New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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Zeng R, Dong J. The Hippo Signaling Pathway in Drug Resistance in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020318. [PMID: 33467099 PMCID: PMC7830227 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although great breakthroughs have been made in cancer treatment following the development of targeted therapy and immune therapy, resistance against anti-cancer drugs remains one of the most challenging conundrums. Considerable effort has been made to discover the underlying mechanisms through which malignant tumor cells acquire or develop resistance to anti-cancer treatment. The Hippo signaling pathway appears to play an important role in this process. This review focuses on how components in the human Hippo signaling pathway contribute to drug resistance in a variety of cancer types. This article also summarizes current pharmacological interventions that are able to target the Hippo signaling pathway and serve as potential anti-cancer therapeutics. Abstract Chemotherapy represents one of the most efficacious strategies to treat cancer patients, bringing advantageous changes at least temporarily even to those patients with incurable malignancies. However, most patients respond poorly after a certain number of cycles of treatment due to the development of drug resistance. Resistance to drugs administrated to cancer patients greatly limits the benefits that patients can achieve and continues to be a severe clinical difficulty. Among the mechanisms which have been uncovered to mediate anti-cancer drug resistance, the Hippo signaling pathway is gaining increasing attention due to the remarkable oncogenic activities of its components (for example, YAP and TAZ) and their druggable properties. This review will highlight current understanding of how the Hippo signaling pathway regulates anti-cancer drug resistance in tumor cells, and currently available pharmacological interventions targeting the Hippo pathway to eradicate malignant cells and potentially treat cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jixin Dong
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-402-559-5596; Fax: +1-402-559-4651
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De Silva P, Saad MA, Thomsen HC, Bano S, Ashraf S, Hasan T. Photodynamic therapy, priming and optical imaging: Potential co-conspirators in treatment design and optimization - a Thomas Dougherty Award for Excellence in PDT paper. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020; 24:1320-1360. [PMID: 37425217 PMCID: PMC10327884 DOI: 10.1142/s1088424620300098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a photochemistry-based approach, approved for the treatment of several malignant and non-malignant pathologies. It relies on the use of a non-toxic, light activatable chemical, photosensitizer, which preferentially accumulates in tissues/cells and, upon irradiation with the appropriate wavelength of light, confers cytotoxicity by generation of reactive molecular species. The preferential accumulation however is not universal and, depending on the anatomical site, the ratio of tumor to normal tissue may be reversed in favor of normal tissue. Under such circumstances, control of the volume of light illumination provides a second handle of selectivity. Singlet oxygen is the putative favorite reactive molecular species although other entities such as nitric oxide have been credibly implicated. Typically, most photosensitizers in current clinical use have a finite quantum yield of fluorescence which is exploited for surgery guidance and can also be incorporated for monitoring and treatment design. In addition, the photodynamic process alters the cellular, stromal, and/or vascular microenvironment transiently in a process termed photodynamic priming, making it more receptive to subsequent additional therapies including chemo- and immunotherapy. Thus, photodynamic priming may be considered as an enabling technology for the more commonly used frontline treatments. Recently, there has been an increase in the exploitation of the theranostic potential of photodynamic therapy in different preclinical and clinical settings with the use of new photosensitizer formulations and combinatorial therapeutic options. The emergence of nanomedicine has further added to the repertoire of photodynamic therapy's potential and the convergence and co-evolution of these two exciting tools is expected to push the barriers of smart therapies, where such optical approaches might have a special niche. This review provides a perspective on current status of photodynamic therapy in anti-cancer and anti-microbial therapies and it suggests how evolving technologies combined with photochemically-initiated molecular processes may be exploited to become co-conspirators in optimization of treatment outcomes. We also project, at least for the short term, the direction that this modality may be taking in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpamali De Silva
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mohammad A. Saad
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hanna C. Thomsen
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shazia Bano
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shoaib Ashraf
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Simões JCS, Sarpaki S, Papadimitroulas P, Therrien B, Loudos G. Conjugated Photosensitizers for Imaging and PDT in Cancer Research. J Med Chem 2020; 63:14119-14150. [PMID: 32990442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Early cancer detection and perfect understanding of the disease are imperative toward efficient treatments. It is straightforward that, for choosing a specific cancer treatment methodology, diagnostic agents undertake a critical role. Imaging is an extremely intriguing tool since it assumes a follow up to treatments to survey the accomplishment of the treatment and to recognize any conceivable repeating injuries. It also permits analysis of the disease, as well as to pursue treatment and monitor the possible changes that happen on the tumor. Likewise, it allows screening the adequacy of treatment and visualizing the state of the tumor. Additionally, when the treatment is finished, observing the patient is imperative to evaluate the treatment methodology and adjust the treatment if necessary. The goal of this review is to present an overview of conjugated photosensitizers for imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C S Simões
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Neuchatel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland.,BioEmission Technology Solutions, Alexandras Avenue 116, 11472 Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Sarpaki
- BioEmission Technology Solutions, Alexandras Avenue 116, 11472 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Bruno Therrien
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Neuchatel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - George Loudos
- BioEmission Technology Solutions, Alexandras Avenue 116, 11472 Athens, Greece
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Mae Y, Kanda T, Sugihara T, Takata T, Kinoshita H, Sakaguchi T, Hasegawa T, Tarumoto R, Edano M, Kurumi H, Ikebuchi Y, Kawaguchi K, Isomoto H. Verteporfin-photodynamic therapy is effective on gastric cancer cells. Mol Clin Oncol 2020; 13:10. [PMID: 32754324 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2020.2081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) induces photochemical reactions, resulting in the destruction of tumor cells via singlet (S1) oxygen production. This cellular destruction occurs specifically in tumor cells, following selective accumulation of a photosensitizer and its excitation by a specific wavelength. Verteporfin (VP) is a second-generation photosensitizer that is currently being used worldwide in PDT to treat age-related macular degeneration. In addition, clinical trials with VP-PDT demonstrated anti-tumor efficacy and overall safety when used to treat locally advanced pancreatic cancer. In the present study, we examined the anti-tumor effect of VP-PDT on gastric cancer (GC) cell lines in vitro to conduct an initial assessment of its potential clinical applicability to this specific type of cancer. We evaluated the viability of MKN45 and MKN74 cancer cell lines after VP-PDT exposure and calculated the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values for VP. Apoptosis in VP-PDT-exposed GC cells was observed. Furthermore, the EC50 values for a 30-min treatment with VP (2.5 J/cm2 of 660 nm LED light) were 0.61 and 1.21 µM for MKN45 and MKN74, respectively. When VP treatment times were increased, the EC50 values decreased. In conclusion, VP-PDT may be developed as an effective treatment for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Mae
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kanda
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Takaaki Sugihara
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Takata
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Hidehito Kinoshita
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Takuki Sakaguchi
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Takashi Hasegawa
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Ryohei Tarumoto
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Mirai Edano
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurumi
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ikebuchi
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kawaguchi
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Hajime Isomoto
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
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30
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Gu X, Shen C, Li H, Goldys EM, Deng W. X-ray induced photodynamic therapy (PDT) with a mitochondria-targeted liposome delivery system. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:87. [PMID: 32522291 PMCID: PMC7288491 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00644-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we constructed multifunctional liposomes with preferentially mitochondria-targeted feature and gold nanoparticles-assisted synergistic photodynamic therapy. We systemically investigated the in vitro X-ray triggered PDT effect of these liposomes on HCT 116 cells including the levels of singlet oxygen, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell apoptosis/necrosis and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. The results corroborated that synchronous action of PDT and X-ray radiation enhance the generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species produced from the engineered liposomes, causing mitochondrial dysfunction and increasing the levels of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefan Gu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, 710065, China.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Chao Shen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Hua Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Ewa M Goldys
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Wei Deng
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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Wang Y, Wang H, Zhou L, Lu J, Jiang B, Liu C, Guo J. Photodynamic therapy of pancreatic cancer: Where have we come from and where are we going? Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101876. [PMID: 32534246 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a potential adjuvant therapy in pancreatic cancer with several advantages. Mechanistically, pancreatic cancer PDT can induce apoptosis and necrosis of pancreatic cancer cells and lead to vascular damage and enhance anti-tumor immune response in tumor tissues. However, limitations of current photosensitizers such as limited penetration depth, poor targeted therapy and inadequate reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation still exist. Recently, several novel photosensitizers have been reported to break through limits in pancreatic cancer PDT. Methods combined with biomedical engineering, materialogy and chemical engineering have been employed to overcome the difficulties and to realize targeted therapy. Preclinical and clinical trials also preliminarily confirmed the technical feasibility and safety of pancreatic cancer PDT. Therefore, PDT may be potential to be used as an effective adjuvant therapy in pancreatic cancer multimodality therapy. This review will give an overview about pancreatic cancer PDT from basic experimental studies, preclinical and clinical application to future direction of pancreatic cancer PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Bolun Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chengxi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Junchao Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
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Cabozantinib Inhibits Photodynamic Therapy-Induced Auto- and Paracrine MET Signaling in Heterotypic Pancreatic Microtumors. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061401. [PMID: 32485915 PMCID: PMC7352584 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive desmoplasia is a hallmark of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which frequently associates with treatment resistance. Recent findings indicate that a combination of photodynamic therapy and the multi-kinase inhibitor cabozantinib achieved local tumor control and a significant decrease in tumor metastases in preclinical PDAC models, but the underlying therapeutic mechanisms remain unclear. This study elucidates the molecular basis of this multi-agent regimen, focusing on the role of MET signaling. Since MET activation stems from its interaction with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which is typically secreted by fibroblasts, we developed heterotypic PDAC microtumor models that recapitulate these interactions. In these models, MET signaling can be constitutively activated through paracrine and autocrine mechanisms. Photodynamic therapy caused significant elevations in HGF secretion by fibroblasts, suggesting it plays a complex role in the modulation of the paracrine HGF–MET signaling cascade in desmoplastic tumors. Blocking MET phosphorylation with adjuvant cabozantinib caused a significant improvement in photodynamic therapy efficacy, most notably by elevating spheroid necrosis at low radiant exposures. These findings highlight that adjuvant photodynamic therapy can augment chemotherapy efficacies, and potentially achieve improved management of desmoplastic PDAC in a more tolerable manner.
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Yu W, Xue X, Ma A, Ruan Y, Zhang H, Cheng F, Li Y, Pan C, Lin T. Self‐Assembled Nanoparticle‐Mediated Chemophototherapy Reverses the Drug Resistance of Bladder Cancers through Dual AKT/ERK Inhibition. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Yu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of MedicineUniversity of California Davis Sacramento CA 95817 USA
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei Province 430060 China
| | - Xiangdong Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California Davis Sacramento CA 95817 USA
| | - Ai‐Hong Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California Davis Sacramento CA 95817 USA
| | - Yuan Ruan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of MedicineUniversity of California Davis Sacramento CA 95817 USA
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei Province 430060 China
| | - Hongyong Zhang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of MedicineUniversity of California Davis Sacramento CA 95817 USA
| | - Fan Cheng
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei Province 430060 China
| | - Yuanpei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California Davis Sacramento CA 95817 USA
| | - Chong‐Xian Pan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of MedicineUniversity of California Davis Sacramento CA 95817 USA
- Department of UrologyUC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center Sacramento CA 95817 USA
- VA Northern California Health Care System Mather CA 95655 USA
- Harvard Medical School and VA Boston Healthcare System West Roxbury MA 02132 USA
| | - Tzu‐Yin Lin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of MedicineUniversity of California Davis Sacramento CA 95817 USA
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Hester SC, Kuriakose M, Nguyen CD, Mallidi S. Role of Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging in Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:260-279. [PMID: 31919853 PMCID: PMC7187279 DOI: 10.1111/php.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a phototoxic treatment with high spatial and temporal control and has shown tremendous promise in the management of cancer due to its high efficacy and minimal side effects. PDT efficacy is dictated by a complex relationship between dosimetry parameters such as the concentration of the photosensitizer at the tumor site, its spatial localization (intracellular or extracellular), light dose and distribution, oxygen distribution and concentration, and the heterogeneity of the inter- and intratumoral microenvironment. Studying and characterizing these parameters, along with monitoring tumor heterogeneity pre- and post-PDT, provides essential data for predicting therapeutic response and the design of subsequent therapies. In this review, we elucidate the role of ultrasound (US) and photoacoustic imaging in improving PDT-mediated outcomes in cancer-from tracking photosensitizer uptake and vascular destruction, to measuring oxygenation dynamics and the overall evaluation of tumor responses. We also present recent advances in multifunctional theranostic nanomaterials that can improve either US or photoacoustic imaging contrast, as well as deliver photosensitizers specifically to tumors. Given the wide availability, low-cost, portability and nonionizing nature of US and photoacoustic imaging, together with their capabilities of providing multiparametric morphological and functional information, these technologies are thusly inimitable when deployed in conjunction with PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C. Hester
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts UniversityMedfordMA
| | - Maju Kuriakose
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts UniversityMedfordMA
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Nath S, Saad MA, Pigula M, Swain JW, Hasan T. Photoimmunotherapy of Ovarian Cancer: A Unique Niche in the Management of Advanced Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1887. [PMID: 31783651 PMCID: PMC6966499 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is the leading cause of gynecological cancer-related deaths in the United States, with five-year survival rates of 15-20% for stage III cancers and 5% for stage IV cancers. The standard of care for advanced OvCa involves surgical debulking of disseminated disease in the peritoneum followed by chemotherapy. Despite advances in treatment efficacy, the prognosis for advanced stage OvCa patients remains poor and the emergence of chemoresistant disease localized to the peritoneum is the primary cause of death. Therefore, a complementary modality that is agnostic to typical chemo- and radio-resistance mechanisms is urgently needed. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a photochemistry-based process, is an ideal complement to standard treatments for residual disease. The confinement of the disease in the peritoneal cavity makes it amenable for regionally localized treatment with PDT. PDT involves photochemical generation of cytotoxic reactive molecular species (RMS) by non-toxic photosensitizers (PSs) following exposure to non-harmful visible light, leading to localized cell death. However, due to the complex topology of sensitive organs in the peritoneum, diffuse intra-abdominal PDT induces dose-limiting toxicities due to non-selective accumulation of PSs in both healthy and diseased tissue. In an effort to achieve selective damage to tumorous nodules, targeted PS formulations have shown promise to make PDT a feasible treatment modality in this setting. This targeted strategy involves chemical conjugation of PSs to antibodies, referred to as photoimmunoconjugates (PICs), to target OvCa specific molecular markers leading to enhanced therapeutic outcomes while reducing off-target toxicity. In light of promising results of pilot clinical studies and recent preclinical advances, this review provides the rationale and methodologies for PIC-based PDT, or photo-immunotherapy (PIT), in the context of OvCa management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.N.); (M.A.S.); (M.P.)
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Obaid G, Bano S, Mallidi S, Broekgaarden M, Kuriakose J, Silber Z, Bulin AL, Wang Y, Mai Z, Jin W, Simeone D, Hasan T. Impacting Pancreatic Cancer Therapy in Heterotypic in Vitro Organoids and in Vivo Tumors with Specificity-Tuned, NIR-Activable Photoimmunonanoconjugates: Towards Conquering Desmoplasia? NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7573-7587. [PMID: 31518145 PMCID: PMC6934365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite untiring efforts to develop therapies for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), survival statistics remain dismal, necessitating distinct approaches. Photodynamic priming (PDP), which improves drug delivery and combination regimens, as well as tumor photodestruction are key attributes of photodynamic therapy (PDT), making it a distinctive clinical option for PDAC. Localized, high-payload nanomedicine-assisted delivery of photosensitizers (PSs), with molecular specificity and controlled photoactivation, thus becomes critical in order to reduce collateral toxicity during more expansive photodynamic activation procedures with curative intent. As such, targeted photoactivable lipid-based nanomedicines are an ideal candidate but have failed to provide greater than two-fold cancer cell selectivity, if at all, due to their extensive multivariant physical, optical, and chemical complexity. Here, we report (1) a systematic multivariant tuning approach to engineer (Cet, anti-EGFR mAb) photoimmunonanoconjugates (PINs), and (2) stroma-rich heterotypic PDAC in vitro and in vivo models incorporating patient-derived pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts (PCAFs) that recapitulate the desmoplasia observed in the clinic. These offer a comprehensive, disease-specific framework for the development of Cet-PINs. Specificity-tuning of the PINs, in terms of PS lipid anchoring, electrostatic modulation, Cet orientation, and Cet surface densities, achieved ∼16-fold binding specificities and rapid penetration of the heterotypic organoids within 1 h, thereby providing a ∼16-fold enhancement in molecular targeted NIR photodestruction. As a demonstration of their inherent amenability for multifunctionality, encapsulation of high payloads of gemcitabine hydrochloride, 5-fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin within the Cet-PINs further improved their antitumor efficacy in the heterotypic organoids. In heterotypic desmoplastic tumors, the Cet-PINs efficiently penetrated up to 470 μm away from blood vessels, and photodynamic activation resulted in substantial tumor necrosis, which was not elicited in T47D tumors (low EGFR) or when using untargeted constructs in both tumor types. Photodynamic activation of the Cet-PINs in the heterotypic desmoplastic tumors resulted in collagen photomodulation, with a 1.5-fold reduction in collagen density, suggesting that PDP may also hold potential for conquering desmoplasia. The in vivo safety profile of photodynamic activation of the Cet-PINs was also substantially improved, as compared to the untargeted constructs. While treatment using the Cet-PINs did not cause any detriment to the mice's health or to healthy proximal tissue, photodynamic activation of untargeted constructs induced severe acute cachexia and weight loss in all treated mice, with substantial peripheral skin necrosis, muscle necrosis, and bowel perforation. This study is the first report demonstrating the true value of molecular targeting for NIR-activable PINs. These constructs integrate high payload delivery, efficient photodestruction, molecular precision, and collagen photomodulation in desmoplastic PDAC tumors in a single treatment using a single construct. Such combined PIN platforms and heterocellular models open up an array of further multiplexed combination therapies to synergistically control desmoplastic tumor progression and extend PDAC patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girgis Obaid
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Shazia Bano
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Srivalleesha Mallidi
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Mans Broekgaarden
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Jerrin Kuriakose
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Zachary Silber
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Anne-Laure Bulin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Zhiming Mai
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Wendong Jin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Diane Simeone
- Department of Surgery and Department of Pathology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Gurruchaga-Pereda J, Martínez Á, Terenzi A, Salassa L. Anticancer platinum agents and light. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.118981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Garcia-Sampedro A, Tabero A, Mahamed I, Acedo P. Multimodal use of the porphyrin TMPyP: From cancer therapy to antimicrobial applications. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The cationic porphyrin meso-tetra(4-[Formula: see text]-methylpyridyl)porphine (TMPyP) has a high yield of singlet oxygen generation upon light activation and a strong affinity for DNA. These advantageous properties have turned it into a promising photosensitizer for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this review, we have summarized the current state-of-the-art applications of TMPyP for the treatment of cancer as well as its implementation in antimicrobial PDT. The most relevant studies reporting its pharmacokinetics, subcellular localization, mechanism of action, tissue biodistribution and dosimetry are discussed. Combination strategies using TMPyP-PDT together with other photosensitizers and chemotherapeutic agents to achieve synergistic anti-tumor effects and reduce resistance to therapy are also explored. Finally, we have addressed emerging applications of this porphyrin, including nanoparticle-mediated delivery, controlled drug release, biosensing and G-quadruplex stabilization for tumor growth inhibition. Altogether, this work highlights the great potential and versatility that TMPyP can offer in different fields of biomedicine such us cancer treatment or antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Garcia-Sampedro
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Pond Street, NW3 2PG, London, UK
| | - Andrea Tabero
- Departament of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ismahan Mahamed
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Pond Street, NW3 2PG, London, UK
| | - Pilar Acedo
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Pond Street, NW3 2PG, London, UK
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Activation of TAp73 and inhibition of TrxR by Verteporfin for improved cancer therapy in TP53 mutant pancreatic tumors. Future Sci OA 2019; 5:FSO366. [PMID: 30820346 PMCID: PMC6391631 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2018-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: TAp73 is a tumor suppressor, which compensates for p53 loss and induces apoptosis in tumors in response to genotoxic stress or small-molecule treatments. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has a late onset of the disease, responds poorly to the existing therapies and has a very low survival rates. Result: Here, using drug-repurposing approach, we found that protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) and benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) monoacid ring A activate TAp73 and induce apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. PpIX and BPD induce reactive oxygen species and inhibit thioredoxin reductase 1. Conclusion: Thus, PpIX and BPD target cancer cells’ vulnerabilities namely activate TAp73 tumor suppressor and inhibit oncogenic Trx1. Our findings may contribute to faster repurposing of PpIX and BPD to treat pancreatic tumors. Despite all efforts, pancreatic cancer remains one of the most aggressive tumors. Late diagnoses, often linked with the asymptomatic disease progression, make pancreatic cancer extremely difficult to treat. We have assessed drugs that are already clinically used in the photodynamic therapy of actinic keratosis and age-related macular degeneration and showed that the compounds induce apoptotic death of cancer cells. The mechanism is via activation of the p73 tumor suppressor and inhibition of the oncogenic thioredoxin reductase. Molecules with a complementary mechanism of action inducing cell death might be very promising candidates for improved cancer therapy in pancreatic cancer patients.
Two pathways leading to the induction of potent apoptosis by protoporphyrin IX and Verteporfin in mutant TP53 pancreatic cancer cells. One pathway is through inhibition of TAp73/MDM2 interactions and induction of TAp73-related apoptosis and the second pathway converges on inhibition of oncogenic TrxR and accumulation of reactive oxygen species.
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Biological activity of Pt IV prodrugs triggered by riboflavin-mediated bioorthogonal photocatalysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17198. [PMID: 30464209 PMCID: PMC6249213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35655-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that riboflavin (Rf) functions as unconventional bioorthogonal photocatalyst for the activation of PtIV prodrugs. In this study, we show how the combination of light and Rf with two PtIV prodrugs is a feasible strategy for light-mediated pancreatic cancer cell death induction. In Capan-1 cells, which have high tolerance against photodynamic therapy, Rf-mediated activation of the cisplatin and carboplatin prodrugs cis,cis,trans-[Pt(NH3)2(Cl)2(O2CCH2CH2CO2H)2] (1) and cis,cis,trans-[Pt(NH3)2(CBDCA)(O2CCH2CH2CO2H)2] (2, where CBDCA = cyclobutane dicarboxylate) resulted in pronounced reduction of the cell viability, including under hypoxia conditions. Such photoactivation mode occurs to a considerable extent intracellularly, as demonstrated for 1 by uptake and cell viability experiments. 195Pt NMR, DNA binding studies using circular dichroism, mass spectrometry and immunofluorescence microscopy were performed using the Rf-1 catalyst-substrate pair and indicated that cell death is associated with the efficient light-induced formation of cisplatin. Accordingly, Western blot analysis revealed signs of DNA damage and activation of cell death pathways through Rf-mediated photochemical activation. Phosphorylation of H2AX as indicator for DNA damage, was detected for Rf-1 in a strictly light-dependent fashion while in case of free cisplatin also in the dark. Photochemical induction of nuclear pH2AX foci by Rf-1 was confirmed in fluorescence microscopy again proving efficient light-induced cisplatin release from the prodrug system.
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Gemcitabine-loaded DSPE-PEG-PheoA liposome as a photomediated immune modulator for cholangiocarcinoma treatment. Biomaterials 2018; 183:139-150. [PMID: 30170256 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To improve the therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine (GEM) as an anticancer drug for bile duct cancer, GEM-loaded liposomes (GDPPL) prepared from a photosensitizer-conjugated lipid were investigated regarding the drug release kinetics, photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy, and immunomodulatory effects. The release rate of GEM from the liposomes was improved approximately 2-fold compared to non-laser irradiation groups due to lipid disruption by reactive oxygen species produced from the activated photosensitizer upon laser irradiation. Through in vitro testing using a human liver bile duct carcinoma cell line (HuCCT-1), the cytotoxicity of GDPPL with laser irradiation was enhanced due to rapid GEM release and PDT effects. Furthermore, the results of in vivo tests using a HuCCT-1 tumor-bearing xenograft mice model showed that GDPPL exhibited approximately 3-fold antitumoral effects compared to control group. Additionally, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated the recruitment of immunostimulatory cells in tumor tissues. IHC tests in BALB/c mice indicated that GDPPL under laser irradiation dramatically enhanced the quantities of various immune cells for effective antitumoral immunotherapy against biliary tract cancer. From these results, it was concluded that GDPPL with rapid drug release behavior, PDT efficacy, and immunomodulatory effects upon laser irradiation has potential as an antitumor therapeutic agent for biliary tract cancer.
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Mahalingam S, Ordaz JD, Low PS. Targeting of a Photosensitizer to the Mitochondrion Enhances the Potency of Photodynamic Therapy. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:6066-6074. [PMID: 30023938 PMCID: PMC6045488 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves use of a photosensitizer, whose activation with light leads to the production of singlet oxygen (SOS), generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and initiation of associated cell toxicity. Because a cell's mitochondria constitute sites where oxygen levels are high, ROS can be readily produced, and apoptosis is commonly initiated. Therefore, an ideal PDT agent might be a potent photosensitizer that could naturally accumulate in mitochondria. Although a number of mitochondria-targeting moieties, including triphenylphosphine, guanidinium, and bisguanidium, have been identified, a quantitative comparison of their efficacies in targeting mitochondria has not been performed. In this study, we have prepared triphenylphosphine, guanidinium, and bisguanidium derivatives of the FDA-approved PDT agent verteporfin (Visudyne, benzoporphyrin derivative-monoacid ring A: BPD-MA) and compared their abilities to induce the intracellular perturbations common to potent PDT agents. Cellular parameters examined included subcellular localization of the verteporfin, real-time monitoring of SOS production, quantitation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, analysis of mitochondria and chromatin integrity, characterization of cytoskeletal disruption and evaluation of cytochrome C release as a measure of apoptosis. An analysis of these parameters demonstrates that the triphenylphosphine derivative (0323) has better mitochondria-targeting efficacy, SOS production, and mitochondria membrane toxicity than either unmodified verteporfin or its guanidinium derivatives. Consistent with this potency, 0323 also induced the most prominent mitochondria swelling, actin depolymerization, pyknosis, and cytochrome C release. We conclude that triphenylphosphine has a better mitochondria-targeting moiety than guanidinium or bis-guanidinium and those PDT photosensitizers with improved cytotoxicities can be prepared by conjugating a mitochondria-targeting moiety to the desired photosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakkarapalayam
M. Mahalingam
- Department
of Chemistry and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720
Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United
States
| | - Josue D. Ordaz
- Department
of Chemistry and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720
Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United
States
- Indiana
University School of Medicine, 340 W 10th Street #6200, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Philip S. Low
- Department
of Chemistry and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720
Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United
States
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Clement S, Chen W, Deng W, Goldys EM. X-ray radiation-induced and targeted photodynamic therapy with folic acid-conjugated biodegradable nanoconstructs. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:3553-3570. [PMID: 29950835 PMCID: PMC6016269 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s164967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The depth limitation of conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) with visible electromagnetic radiation represents a challenge for the treatment of deep-seated tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS To overcome this issue, we developed an X-ray-induced PDT system where poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) incorporating a photosensitizer (PS), verteporfin (VP), were triggered by 6 MeV X-ray radiation to generate cytotoxic singlet oxygen. The X-ray radiation used in this study allows this system to breakthrough the PDT depth barrier due to excellent penetration of 6 MeV X-ray radiation through biological tissue. In addition, the conjugation of our NPs with folic acid moieties enables specific targeting of HCT116 cancer cells that overexpress the folate receptors. We carried out physiochemical characterization of PLGA NPs, such as size distribution, zeta potential, morphology and in vitro release of VP. Cellular uptake activity and cell-killing effect of these NPs were also evaluated. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Our results indicate that our nanoconstructs triggered by 6 MeV X-ray radiation yield enhanced PDT efficacy compared with the radiation alone. We attributed the X-ray-induced singlet oxygen generation from the PS, VP, to photoexcitation by Cherenkov radiation and/or reactive oxygen species generation facilitated by energetic secondary electrons produced in the tissue. CONCLUSION The cytotoxic effect caused by VP offers the possibility of enhancing the radiation therapy commonly prescribed for the treatment of cancer by simultaneous PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Clement
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wei Deng
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ewa M Goldys
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Dong L, Lin F, Wu W, Liu Y, Huang W. Verteporfin inhibits YAP-induced bladder cancer cell growth and invasion via Hippo signaling pathway. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:645-652. [PMID: 29725256 PMCID: PMC5930467 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.23460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly conserved Hippo signaling pathway is one of the most important pathways involved in tumorigenesis and progress. Previous studies show that YAP, the transcriptional coactivator of Hippo pathway, is expressed highly in many clinical bladder cancer tissues and plays crucial role on bladder cancer progress. To find the YAP-specific target drug and its molecular mechanism in bladder cancer, we apply Verteporfin (VP), a YAP specific inhibitor to function as anti-bladder cancer drug and discover that VP is able to inhibit bladder cancer cell growth and invasion in a dosage dependent manner. Moreover, we demonstrate that VP may inhibit bladder cancer cell growth and invasion via repressing target genes' expression of the Hippo signaling pathway. In further study, we provide evidence that VP is able to inhibit excessive YAP induced bladder cancer cell growth and invasion. To address the repressive function of VP against YAP in bladder cancer, we check the target genes' expression and find VP can dramatically repress YAP overexpression induced Hippo pathway target genes' expression. Taken together, we discover that VP inhibits YAP-induced bladder cancer cell growth and invasion via repressing the target genes' expression of Hippo signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Dong
- State Engineering Laboratory of Medical Key Technologies Application of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518039, PR China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Fan Lin
- State Engineering Laboratory of Medical Key Technologies Application of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518039, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, PR China
| | - Wanjun Wu
- State Engineering Laboratory of Medical Key Technologies Application of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518039, PR China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- State Engineering Laboratory of Medical Key Technologies Application of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518039, PR China
| | - Weiren Huang
- State Engineering Laboratory of Medical Key Technologies Application of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518039, PR China
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Jadia R, Kydd J, Rai P. Remotely Phototriggered, Transferrin-Targeted Polymeric Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Breast Cancer. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:765-774. [PMID: 29427385 DOI: 10.1111/php.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the worst prognosis among all subtypes of breast cancer. Currently, no targeted treatment has been approved for TNBC. The goal of this study was to design a remotely triggered, targeted therapy for TNBC using polymeric nanoparticles and light. Active targeting of TNBC was achieved by conjugating the nanoparticles to a peptide (hTf) that binds to the transferrin receptor, which is overexpressed in TNBC. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) was explored for TNBC treatment by remotely triggering benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid (BPD), a photosensitizer, using near-infrared light. In this study, we investigated the use of actively targeting polymeric nanoparticles for PDT against TNBC using in vitro imaging and cytotoxicity studies. Fluorescence imaging confirmed that the BPD-loaded nanoparticles showed greater fluorescence in TNBC cells compared to free BPD, but more importantly, actively targeted nanoparticles displayed stronger fluorescence compared to passively targeted nanoparticles. Moreover, fluorescence imaging following competition with empty targeted nanoparticles validated the specificity of the targeted nanoparticles for TNBC cells. The PDT killing results were in line with the fluorescence imaging results, where actively targeting nanoparticles exhibited the highest phototriggered cytotoxicity in TNBC cells, making them an attractive nanoplatform for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Jadia
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Program, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA
| | - Janel Kydd
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Program, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA
| | - Prakash Rai
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Program, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA
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Liao T, Wei WJ, Wen D, Hu JQ, Wang Y, Ma B, Cao YM, Xiang J, Guan Q, Chen JY, Sun GH, Zhu YX, Li DS, Ji QH. Verteporfin inhibits papillary thyroid cancer cells proliferation and cell cycle through ERK1/2 signaling pathway. J Cancer 2018; 9:1329-1336. [PMID: 29721041 PMCID: PMC5929076 DOI: 10.7150/jca.21915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Verteporfin, a FDA approved second-generation photosensitizer, has been demonstrated to have anticancer activity in various tumors, but not including papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). In current pre-clinical pilot study, we investigate the effect of verteporfin on proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle and tumor growth of PTC. Our results indicate verteporfin attenuates cell proliferation, arrests cell cycle in G2/S phase and induces apoptosis of PTC cells. Moreover, treatment of verteporfin dramatically suppresses tumor growth from PTC cells in xenograft mouse model. We further illustrate that exposure to MEK inhibitor U0126 inactivates phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and MEK in verteporfin-treated PTC cells. These data suggest verteporfin exhibits inhibitory effect on PTC cells proliferation and cell cycle partially via ERK1/2 signalling pathway, which strongly encourages the further application of verteporfin in the treatment against PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen-Jun Wei
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Duo Wen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jia-Qian Hu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ben Ma
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi-Min Cao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing Guan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jia-Ying Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guo-Hua Sun
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yong-Xue Zhu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Duan-Shu Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing-Hai Ji
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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47
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Broekgaarden M, Rizvi I, Bulin AL, Petrovic L, Goldschmidt R, Massodi I, Celli JP, Hasan T. Neoadjuvant photodynamic therapy augments immediate and prolonged oxaliplatin efficacy in metastatic pancreatic cancer organoids. Oncotarget 2018; 9:13009-13022. [PMID: 29560127 PMCID: PMC5849191 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective treatment of advanced metastatic disease remains the primary challenge in the management of inoperable pancreatic cancer. Current therapies such as oxaliplatin (OxPt)-based chemotherapy regimens (FOLFIRINOX) provide modest short-term survival improvements, yet with significant toxicity. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a light-activated cancer therapy, demonstrated clinical promise for pancreatic cancer treatment and enhances conventional chemotherapies with non-overlapping toxicities. This study investigates the capacity of neoadjuvant PDT using a clinically-approved photosensitizer, benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD, verteporfin), to enhance OxPt efficacy in metastatic pancreatic cancer. Treatment effects were evaluated in organotypic three-dimensional (3D) cultures, clinically representative models that bridge the gap between conventional cell cultures and in vivo models. The temporally-spaced, multiparametric analyses demonstrated a superior efficacy for combined PDT+OxPt compared to each monotherapy alone, which was recapitulated on different organotypic pancreatic cancer cultures. The therapeutic benefit of neoadjuvant PDT to OxPt chemotherapy materialized in a time-dependent manner, reducing residual viable tissue and tumor viability in a manner not achievable with OxPt or PDT alone. These findings emphasize the need for intelligent combination therapies and relevant models to evaluate the temporal kinetics of interactions between mechanistically-distinct treatments and highlight the promise of PDT as a neoadjuvant treatment for disseminated pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mans Broekgaarden
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Imran Rizvi
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Anne-Laure Bulin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ljubica Petrovic
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Ruth Goldschmidt
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Iqbal Massodi
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Celli
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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48
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Kessel D, Oleinick NL. Cell Death Pathways Associated with Photodynamic Therapy: An Update. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:213-218. [PMID: 29143339 DOI: 10.1111/php.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has the potential to make a significant impact on cancer treatment. PDT can sensitize malignant tissues to light, leading to a highly selective effect if an appropriate light dose can be delivered. Variations in light distribution and drug delivery, along with impaired efficacy in hypoxic regions, can reduce the overall tumor response. There is also evidence that malignant cells surviving PDT may become more aggressive than the initial tumor population. Promotion of more effective direct tumor eradication is therefore an important goal. While a list of properties for the "ideal" photosensitizing agent often includes formulation, pharmacologic and photophysical elements, we propose that subcellular targeting is also an important consideration. Perspectives relating to optimizing PDT efficacy are offered here. These relate to death pathways initiated by photodamage to particular subcellular organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kessel
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Nancy L Oleinick
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
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49
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Kukcinaviciute E, Sasnauskiene A, Dabkeviciene D, Kirveliene V, Jonusiene V. Effect of mTHPC-mediated photodynamic therapy on 5-fluorouracil resistant human colorectal cancer cells. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16:1063-1070. [PMID: 28509917 DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00014f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The primary or acquired cancer chemoresistance is a major problem in the treatment of cancer patients. It could be overcome by non-overlapping treatment regimens such as photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDT is based on the oxidation of cellular components which occurs when a light-excited photosensitizer generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study the effect of mTHPC mediated PDT (mTHPC-PDT) on 5-FU resistant colorectal cancer (CRC) cells HCT116 was investigated. The results show that mTHPC-PDT overcomes 5-FU resistance and is effective against chemoresistant colorectal carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kukcinaviciute
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - A Sasnauskiene
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - D Dabkeviciene
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - V Kirveliene
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - V Jonusiene
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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50
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Cramer GM, Jones DP, El-Hamidi H, Celli JP. ECM Composition and Rheology Regulate Growth, Motility, and Response to Photodynamic Therapy in 3D Models of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:15-25. [PMID: 27671335 PMCID: PMC5381935 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is characterized by prominent stromal involvement, which plays complex roles in regulating tumor growth and therapeutic response. The extracellular matrix (ECM)-rich stroma associated with this disease has been implicated as a barrier to drug penetration, although stromal depletion strategies have had mixed clinical success. It remains less clear how interactions with ECM, acting as a biophysical regulator of phenotype, not only a barrier to drug perfusion, regulate susceptibilities and resistance to specific therapies. In this context, an integrative approach is used to evaluate invasive behavior and motility in rheologically characterized ECM as determinants of chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT) responses. We show that in 3D cultures with ECM conditions that promote invasive progression, response to PDT is markedly enhanced in the most motile ECM-infiltrating populations, whereas the same cells exhibit chemoresistance. Conversely, drug-resistant sublines with enhanced invasive potential were generated to compare differential treatment response in identical ECM conditions, monitored by particle tracking microrheology measurements of matrix remodeling. In both scenarios, ECM-infiltrating cell populations exhibit increased sensitivity to PDT, whether invasion is consequent to selection of chemoresistance, or whether chemoresistance is correlated with acquisition of invasive behavior. However, while ECM-invading, chemoresistant cells exhibit mesenchymal phenotype, induction of EMT in monolayers without ECM was not sufficient to enhance PDT sensitivity, yet does impart chemoresistance as expected. In addition to containing platform development with broader applicability to inform microenvironment-dependent therapeutics, these results reveal the efficacy of PDT for targeting the most aggressive, chemoresistant, invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma associated with dismal outcomes for this disease. IMPLICATIONS ECM-infiltrating and chemoresistant pancreatic tumor populations exhibit increased sensitivity to PDT. Mol Cancer Res; 15(1); 15-25. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn M Cramer
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
- Program in Molecular, Cellular and Organismal Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dustin P Jones
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
- Program in Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hamid El-Hamidi
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan P Celli
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts.
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