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Banerjee SM, Acedo P, El Sheikh S, Harati R, Meecham A, Williams NR, Gerard G, Keshtgar MRS, MacRobert AJ, Hamoudi R. Combination of verteporfin-photodynamic therapy with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine enhances the anti-tumour immune response in triple negative breast cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1188087. [PMID: 38022682 PMCID: PMC10664979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1188087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer characterised by its high tumourigenic, invasive, and immunosuppressive nature. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a focal therapy that uses light to activate a photosensitizing agent and induce a cytotoxic effect. 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-ADC) is a clinically approved immunomodulatory chemotherapy agent. The mechanism of the combination therapy using PDT and 5-ADC in evoking an anti-tumour response is not fully understood. Methods The present study examined whether a single dose of 5-ADC enhances the cytotoxic and anti-tumour immune effect of low dose PDT with verteporfin as the photosensitiser in a TNBC orthotopic syngeneic murine model, using the triple negative murine mammary tumour cell line 4T1. Histopathology analysis, digital pathology and immunohistochemistry of treated tumours and distant sites were assessed. Flow cytometry of splenic and breast tissue was used to identify T cell populations. Bioinformatics were used to identify tumour immune microenvironments related to TNBC patients. Results Functional experiments showed that PDT was most effective when used in combination with 5-ADC to optimize its efficacy. 5-ADC/PDT combination therapy elicited a synergistic effect in vitro and was significantly more cytotoxic than monotherapies on 4T1 tumour cells. For tumour therapy, all types of treatments demonstrated histopathologically defined margins of necrosis, increased T cell expression in the spleen with absence of metastases or distant tissue destruction. Flow cytometry and digital pathology results showed significant increases in CD8 expressing cells with all treatments, whereas only the 5-ADC/PDT combination therapy showed increase in CD4 expression. Bioinformatics analysis of in silico publicly available TNBC data identified BCL3 and BCL2 as well as the following anti-tumour immune response biomarkers as significantly altered in TNBC compared to other breast cancer subtypes: GZMA, PRF1, CXCL1, CCL2, CCL4, and CCL5. Interestingly, molecular biomarker assays showed increase in anti-tumour response genes after treatment. The results showed concomitant increase in BCL3, with decrease in BCL2 expression in TNBC treatment. In addition, the treatments showed decrease in PRF1, CCL2, CCL4, and CCL5 genes with 5-ADC and 5-ADC/PDT treatment in both spleen and breast tissue, with the latter showing the most decrease. Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first study that shows which of the innate and adaptive immune biomarkers are activated during PDT related treatment of the TNBC 4T1 mouse models. The results also indicate that some of the immune response biomarkers can be used to monitor the effectiveness of PDT treatment in TNBC murine model warranting further investigation in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shramana M. Banerjee
- Breast Unit, Royal Free London National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pilar Acedo
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Soha El Sheikh
- University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rania Harati
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amelia Meecham
- University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Norman R. Williams
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Gerard
- University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed R. S. Keshtgar
- Breast Unit, Royal Free London National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J. MacRobert
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Simsek C, Dugic A, Domislovic V, Te Groen M, Hadefi A, Kravchuk S, Porcari S, Sochnieva A, Sousa P, Acedo P. Young GI Angle: The young perspective of the UEG White Book 2 by the Friends of the UEG Young Talent Group. United European Gastroenterol J 2023; 11:911-918. [PMID: 37880151 PMCID: PMC10637121 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cem Simsek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ana Dugic
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Viktor Domislovic
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maarten Te Groen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Alia Hadefi
- Gastroenterology, Hôpital Erasme - ULB, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | - Serena Porcari
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A.Gemelli' - IRCCS, Monterotondo - Rome, Italy
| | - Anastasiia Sochnieva
- Department of Surgery No 1, Educational and Scientific Medical Instiute of the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Paula Sousa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar Tondela-Viseu, Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Pilar Acedo
- Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
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3
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Staudacher JJ, Burisch J, Sousa P, Salaga M, Pellino G, Sidiropoulos O, Groen MT, Mandorfer M, Schwabl P, Straume Z, Bîrlog C, Dugic A, Simsek C, Jovanovic J, Kani HT, Qejvani O, Fennessy AM, Gorcheva Z, Kral J, Zanetto A, Duricek M, Domislovic V, Acedo P, Schlosser S. Young gastroenterologists angle: Friends of the UEG young talent group consensus statement on the structure of young gastroenterology sections. United European Gastroenterol J 2023. [PMID: 37357495 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Jaromir Staudacher
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology (including Nutrition Medicine), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johan Burisch
- Gastrounit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Copenhagen Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children, Adolescents and Adults, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Paula Sousa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar Tondela-Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Maciej Salaga
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Gianluca Pellino
- Colorectal Surgery, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Maarten Te Groen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mattias Mandorfer
- Vienna Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Schwabl
- Vienna Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zane Straume
- Riga East Clinical University, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Clinic, Riga, Latvia
- Department of Internal Diseases, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
- Ogre Regional Hospital, Endoscopy Department, Ogre, Latvia
| | - Clarisa Bîrlog
- Ponderas Academic Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- Young Taskforce, European Association of Endoscopic Surgeons, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Dugic
- Department of Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cem Simsek
- Department of Gastroenterology, Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Institute of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jelena Jovanovic
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Department of Hepatology, University Centar of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Haluk Tarik Kani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Odri Qejvani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center "Mother Teresa", Tirana, Albania
| | - Anne M Fennessy
- Centre for Colorectal Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Zornica Gorcheva
- Medical University Pleven, Pleven, Bulgaria
- Department of Internal Diseases, UMBAL Sveta Marina Hospital, Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Jan Kral
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alberto Zanetto
- Gastroenterology and Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Padova University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Martin Duricek
- Clinic of Internal Medicine - Gastroenterology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Viktor Domislovic
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Pilar Acedo
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sophie Schlosser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Acedo P, Simsek C, Heinrich H. Young GI angle: What being a myUEG young GI associate can offer you-Check it out! United European Gastroenterol J 2022; 10:134-135. [PMID: 35129306 PMCID: PMC8830286 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Acedo
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cem Simsek
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Henriette Heinrich
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Gastroenterology, St Anna, Lucerne, Switzerland
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Gonzalez-Valdivieso J, Garcia-Sampedro A, Hall AR, Girotti A, Arias FJ, Pereira SP, Acedo P. Smart Nanoparticles as Advanced Anti-Akt Kinase Delivery Systems for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:55790-55805. [PMID: 34788541 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers partly due to late diagnosis, poor drug delivery to the target site, and acquired resistance to therapy. Therefore, more effective therapies are urgently needed to improve the outcome of patients. In this work, we have tested self-assembling genetically engineered polymeric nanoparticles formed by elastin-like recombinamers (ELRs), carrying a small peptide inhibitor of the protein kinase Akt, in both PANC-1 and patient-derived pancreatic cancer cells (PDX models). Nanoparticle cell uptake was measured by flow cytometry, and subcellular localization was determined by confocal microscopy, which showed a lysosomal localization of these nanoparticles. Furthermore, metabolic activity and cell viability were significantly reduced after incubation with nanoparticles carrying the Akt inhibitor in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. Self-assembling 73 ± 3.2 nm size nanoparticles inhibited phosphorylation and consequent activation of Akt protein, blocked the NF-κB signaling pathway, and triggered caspase 3-mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, in vivo assays showed that ELR-based nanoparticles were suitable devices for drug delivery purposes with long circulating time and minimum toxicity. Hence, the use of these smart nanoparticles could lead to the development of more effective treatment options for pancreatic cancer based on the inhibition of Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gonzalez-Valdivieso
- Smart Biodevices for NanoMed Group, University of Valladolid, Paseo Belén, Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Andres Garcia-Sampedro
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Hall
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
- Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Girotti
- BIOFORGE (Group for Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology), CIBER-BBN, University of Valladolid, Paseo Belén, Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Arias
- Smart Biodevices for NanoMed Group, University of Valladolid, Paseo Belén, Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Stephen P Pereira
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
| | - Pilar Acedo
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
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6
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Ney A, Garcia-Sampedro A, Goodchild G, Acedo P, Fusai G, Pereira SP. Biliary Strictures and Cholangiocarcinoma - Untangling a Diagnostic Conundrum. Front Oncol 2021; 11:699401. [PMID: 34660269 PMCID: PMC8515053 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.699401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma is an uncommon and highly aggressive biliary tract malignancy with few manifestations until late disease stages. Diagnosis is currently achieved through a combination of clinical, biochemical, radiological and histological techniques. A number of reported cancer biomarkers have the potential to be incorporated into diagnostic pathways, but all lack sufficient sensitivity and specificity limiting their possible use in screening and early diagnosis. The limitations of standard serum markers such as CA19-9, CA125 and CEA have driven researchers to identify multiple novel biomarkers, yet their clinical translation has been slow with a general requirement for further validation in larger patient cohorts. We review recent advances in the diagnostic pathway for suspected CCA as well as emerging diagnostic biomarkers for early detection, with a particular focus on non-invasive approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ney
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andres Garcia-Sampedro
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - George Goodchild
- St. Bartholomew's hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pilar Acedo
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Fusai
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science - University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P Pereira
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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7
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Marin JJG, Prete MG, Lamarca A, Tavolari S, Landa-Magdalena A, Brandi G, Segatto O, Vogel A, Macias RIR, Rodrigues PM, La Casta A, Mertens J, Rodrigues CMP, Fernandez-Barrena MG, Da Silva Ruivo A, Marzioni M, Mentrasti G, Acedo P, Munoz-Garrido P, Cardinale V, Banales JM, Valle JW, Bridgewater J, Braconi C. Correction: Current and novel therapeutic opportunities for systemic therapy in biliary cancer. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:904. [PMID: 34226686 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01243-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- José J G Marin
- IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, ES, Spain
| | - Maria Giuseppina Prete
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS -, Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Angela Lamarca
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Simona Tavolari
- Medical Oncology Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ana Landa-Magdalena
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Giovanni Brandi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Oreste Segatto
- Unit of Oncogenomics and Epigenetics, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Arndt Vogel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rocío I R Macias
- IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, ES, Spain
| | - Pedro M Rodrigues
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Adelaida La Casta
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Joachim Mertens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cecilia M P Rodrigues
- Research Insitute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | - Marco Marzioni
- Università Politecnica delle Marche/Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulia Mentrasti
- Università Politecnica delle Marche/Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Pilar Acedo
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Patricia Munoz-Garrido
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhaghen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jesus M Banales
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, ES, Spain.,Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Juan W Valle
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Chiara Braconi
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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8
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Garcia-Sampedro A, Gaggia G, Ney A, Mahamed I, Acedo P. The State-of-the-Art of Phase II/III Clinical Trials for Targeted Pancreatic Cancer Therapies. J Clin Med 2021; 10:566. [PMID: 33546207 PMCID: PMC7913382 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with very poor prognosis. Currently, surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy represents the only curative option which, unfortunately, is only available for a small group of patients. The majority of pancreatic cancer cases are diagnosed at advanced or metastatic stage when surgical resection is not possible and treatment options are limited. Thus, novel and more effective therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Molecular profiling together with targeted therapies against key hallmarks of pancreatic cancer appear as a promising approach that could overcome the limitations of conventional chemo- and radio-therapy. In this review, we focus on the latest personalised and multimodal targeted therapies currently undergoing phase II or III clinical trials. We discuss the most promising findings of agents targeting surface receptors, angiogenesis, DNA damage and cell cycle arrest, key signalling pathways, immunotherapies, and the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pilar Acedo
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK; (A.G.-S.); (G.G.); (A.N.); (I.M.)
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9
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Marin JJG, Prete MG, Lamarca A, Tavolari S, Landa-Magdalena A, Brandi G, Segatto O, Vogel A, Macias RIR, Rodrigues PM, Casta AL, Mertens J, Rodrigues CMP, Fernandez-Barrena MG, Da Silva Ruivo A, Marzioni M, Mentrasti G, Acedo P, Munoz-Garrido P, Cardinale V, Banales JM, Valle JW, Bridgewater J, Braconi C. Current and novel therapeutic opportunities for systemic therapy in biliary cancer. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:1047-1059. [PMID: 32694694 PMCID: PMC7525457 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0987-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are a group of rare and aggressive malignancies that arise in the biliary tree within and outside the liver. Beyond surgical resection, which is beneficial for only a small proportion of patients, current strategies for treating patients with BTCs include chemotherapy, as a single agent or combination regimens, in the adjuvant and palliative setting. Increased characterisation of the molecular landscape of these tumours has facilitated the identification of molecular vulnerabilities, such as IDH mutations and FGFR fusions, that can be exploited for the treatment of BTC patients. Beyond targeted therapies, active research avenues explore the development of novel therapeutics that target the crosstalk between cancer and stroma, the cellular pathways involved in the regulation of cell death, the chemoresistance phenotype and the dysregulation of RNA. In this review, we discuss the therapeutic opportunities currently available in the management of BTC patients, and explore the strategies that can support the implementation of precision oncology in BTCs, including novel molecular targets, liquid biopsies and patient-derived predictive tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J G Marin
- IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, ES, Spain
| | - Maria Giuseppina Prete
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS -, Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Angela Lamarca
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Simona Tavolari
- Medical Oncology Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ana Landa-Magdalena
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Giovanni Brandi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Oreste Segatto
- Unit of Oncogenomics and Epigenetics, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Arndt Vogel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rocío I R Macias
- IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, ES, Spain
| | - Pedro M Rodrigues
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Adelaida La Casta
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Joachim Mertens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cecilia M P Rodrigues
- Research Insitute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | - Marco Marzioni
- Università Politecnica delle Marche/Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulia Mentrasti
- Università Politecnica delle Marche/Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Pilar Acedo
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Patricia Munoz-Garrido
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhaghen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jesus M Banales
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, ES, Spain
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Juan W Valle
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Chiara Braconi
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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Skuja V, Nakov R, van Herwaarden Y, Rodríguez-Lago I, Acedo P, Mikolasevic I, Nitsche U, Heinrich H, Dignass A. How to start a Young GI Section in your country: A cookbook. United European Gastroenterol J 2020; 8:355-358. [PMID: 32310739 DOI: 10.1177/2050640620912635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vita Skuja
- Riga Stradins University and Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Clinic, Riga East Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Radislav Nakov
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Tsaritsa Yoanna University Hospital, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yasmijn van Herwaarden
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Iago Rodríguez-Lago
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital de Galdakao, Galdakao (Vizcaya) and Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (Vizcaya), Spain
| | - Pilar Acedo
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ivana Mikolasevic
- Department of Gastroenterology, UH Merkur and UHC Rijeka, Croatia School of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ulrich Nitsche
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Henriette Heinrich
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stadtspital Waid und Triemli, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Axel Dignass
- Department of Medicine I, Agaplesion Markus Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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Heinrich H, Rodríguez-Lago I, Nakov R, Skuja V, Acedo P, Nitsche U, Mikolasevic I, van Herwaarden Y. Young GI Societies in Europe: 2019 update. United European Gastroenterol J 2020; 8:227-232. [PMID: 32213070 DOI: 10.1177/2050640620906771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the aims of the Young Talent Group (YTG) is to make United European Gastroenterology (UEG) more attractive to young fellows interested in gastroenterology (GI), and to actively involve them in UEG activities and the activities of their respective national societies. In 2017, we conducted a survey among the Friends of the UEG YTG with the aim of identifying the state of organization and needs of Young GI Sections (YGISs) throughout Europe, highlighting areas for further development and improvement. AIMS The aim of the current web-based survey was to assess the progress of YGISs over 1 year, and persisting hurdles in forming and running a YGIS. RESULTS Overall, 38 of 42 Friends answered the survey (91%). The number of YGISs has increased significantly from 12 in 2017 to 25 in 2019. Young gastroenterologists remained supported, but not influenced, by national societies. Results of the survey suggest that a lack of dedicated and motivated fellows has replaced a lack of funding as the most prevalent hurdle in forming these types of sections. CONCLUSION Our survey shows that the development of YGISs has improved markedly within the last 2 years. However, several limitations, like underrepresentation in subcommittees of national societies, remain and need to be addressed in order to involve young gastroenterologists in their respective national societies and within UEG, to pave the way for future research, education and excellent quality of care, and reduce health inequalities across Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Heinrich
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stadtspital Waid und Triemli, University of Zuerich, Zuerich, Switzerland
| | - Iago Rodríguez-Lago
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital de Galdakao, Galdakao (Vizcaya), Spain.,Department of Gastroenterology, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (Vizcaya), Spain
| | - Radislav Nakov
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Tsaritsa Yoanna University Hospital, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vita Skuja
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Riga East Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Pilar Acedo
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ulrich Nitsche
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ivana Mikolasevic
- Department of Gastroenterology, UH Merkur, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Gastroenterology, UHC Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Yasmijn van Herwaarden
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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12
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Mohammad GH, Vassileva V, Acedo P, Olde Damink SWM, Malago M, Dhar DK, Pereira SP. Targeting Pyruvate Kinase M2 and Lactate Dehydrogenase A Is an Effective Combination Strategy for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091372. [PMID: 31527446 PMCID: PMC6770573 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Reprogrammed glucose metabolism is one of the hallmarks of cancer, and increased expression of key glycolytic enzymes, such as pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), has been associated with poor prognosis in various malignancies. Targeting these enzymes could attenuate aerobic glycolysis and inhibit tumor proliferation. We investigated whether the PKM2 activator, TEPP-46, and the LDHA inhibitor, FX-11, can be combined to inhibit in vitro and in vivo tumor growth in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer. We assessed PKM2 and LDHA expression, enzyme activity, and cell proliferation rate after treatment with TEPP-46, FX-11, or a combination of both. Efficacy was validated in vivo by evaluating tumor growth, PK and LDHA activity in plasma and tumors, and PKM2, LDHA, and Ki-67 expression in tumor tissues following treatment. Dual therapy synergistically inhibited pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and significantly delayed tumor growth in vivo without apparent toxicity. Treatment with TEPP-46 and FX-11 resulted in increased PK and reduced LDHA enzyme activity in plasma and tumor tissues and decreased PKM2 and LDHA expression in tumors, which was reflected by a decrease in tumor volume and proliferation. The targeting of glycolytic enzymes such as PKM2 and LDHA represents a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Hamid Mohammad
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK
- Komar Research Center, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
| | - Vessela Vassileva
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0UQ, UK
| | - Pilar Acedo
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Steven W M Olde Damink
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center & Nutrim School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Massimo Malago
- Hepato-pancreatic-biliary and Liver Transplantation Surgery, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Dipok Kumar Dhar
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Comparative Medicine Department and Organ Transplantation Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stephen P Pereira
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK.
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13
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Sznarkowska A, Kostecka A, Kawiak A, Acedo P, Lion M, Inga A, Zawacka-Pankau J. Correction to: Reactivation of TAp73 tumor suppressor by protoporphyrin IX, a metabolite of aminolevulinic acid, induces apoptosis in TP53-deficient cancer cells. Cell Div 2019; 14:10. [PMID: 31485255 PMCID: PMC6714447 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-019-0052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Sznarkowska
- 1Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Kostecka
- 1Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Kawiak
- 1Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Pilar Acedo
- 2Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattia Lion
- 3Centre for Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy.,4Present Address: Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Alberto Inga
- 3Centre for Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Joanna Zawacka-Pankau
- 2Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Acedo
- University College London, Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, UK
| | - Francesco Paolo Russo
- University Hospital Padova, Gastroenterology and Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Italy
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15
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Jiang L, Malik N, Acedo P, Zawacka-Pankau J. Protoporphyrin IX is a dual inhibitor of p53/MDM2 and p53/MDM4 interactions and induces apoptosis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:77. [PMID: 30886745 PMCID: PMC6412042 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 is a tumor suppressor, which belongs to the p53 family of proteins. The family consists of p53, p63 and p73 proteins, which share similar structure and function. Activation of wild-type p53 or TAp73 in tumors leads to tumor regression, and small molecules restoring the p53 pathway are in clinical development. Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), a metabolite of aminolevulinic acid, is a clinically approved drug applied in photodynamic diagnosis and therapy. PpIX induces p53-dependent and TAp73-dependent apoptosis and inhibits TAp73/MDM2 and TAp73/MDM4 interactions. Here we demonstrate that PpIX is a dual inhibitor of p53/MDM2 and p53/MDM4 interactions and activates apoptosis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells without illumination and without affecting normal cells. PpIX stabilizes p53 and TAp73 proteins, induces p53-downstream apoptotic targets and provokes cancer cell death at doses non-toxic to normal cells. Our findings open up new opportunities for repurposing PpIX for treating lymphoblastic leukemia with wild-type TP53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liren Jiang
- 1Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden.,2Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medical Faculty, Uppsala University, Box 256, 75105 Uppsala, Sweden.,3Present Address: Department of Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, 200080 Shanghai, China
| | - Natasha Malik
- 1Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pilar Acedo
- 1Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joanna Zawacka-Pankau
- 1Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Abstract
The cationic porphyrin meso-tetra(4-[Formula: see text]-methylpyridyl)porphine (TMPyP) has a high yield of singlet oxygen generation upon light activation and a strong affinity for DNA. These advantageous properties have turned it into a promising photosensitizer for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this review, we have summarized the current state-of-the-art applications of TMPyP for the treatment of cancer as well as its implementation in antimicrobial PDT. The most relevant studies reporting its pharmacokinetics, subcellular localization, mechanism of action, tissue biodistribution and dosimetry are discussed. Combination strategies using TMPyP-PDT together with other photosensitizers and chemotherapeutic agents to achieve synergistic anti-tumor effects and reduce resistance to therapy are also explored. Finally, we have addressed emerging applications of this porphyrin, including nanoparticle-mediated delivery, controlled drug release, biosensing and G-quadruplex stabilization for tumor growth inhibition. Altogether, this work highlights the great potential and versatility that TMPyP can offer in different fields of biomedicine such us cancer treatment or antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Garcia-Sampedro
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Pond Street, NW3 2PG, London, UK
| | - Andrea Tabero
- Departament of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ismahan Mahamed
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Pond Street, NW3 2PG, London, UK
| | - Pilar Acedo
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Pond Street, NW3 2PG, London, UK
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17
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Acedo P, Heinrich H, van Herwaarden Y, Nakov R, Nitsche U, Rodríguez-Lago I, Salaga M, Skuja V. UEG Young Talent Group: What do we do? United European Gastroenterol J 2019; 7:166-168. [PMID: 30788130 DOI: 10.1177/2397847319826451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Acedo
- University College London, Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henriette Heinrich
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, St Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yasmijn van Herwaarden
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Radislav Nakov
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Tsaritsa Yoanna University Hospital, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ulrich Nitsche
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Maciej Salaga
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Vita Skuja
- Riga Stradins University, Riga East Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
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18
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Sznarkowska A, Kostecka A, Kawiak A, Acedo P, Lion M, Inga A, Zawacka-Pankau J. Reactivation of TAp73 tumor suppressor by protoporphyrin IX, a metabolite of aminolevulinic acid, induces apoptosis in TP53-deficient cancer cells. Cell Div 2018; 13:10. [PMID: 30603043 PMCID: PMC6306007 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-018-0043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The p73 protein is a tumor suppressor that shares structural and functional similarity with p53. p73 is expressed in two major isoforms; the TA isoform that interacts with p53 pathway, thus acting as tumor suppressor and the N-terminal truncated ΔN isoform that inhibits TAp73 and p53 and thus, acts as an oncogene. Results By employing a drug repurposing approach, we found that protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), a metabolite of aminolevulinic acid applied in photodynamic therapy of cancer, stabilizes TAp73 and activates TAp73-dependent apoptosis in cancer cells lacking p53. The mechanism of TAp73 activation is via disruption of TAp73/MDM2 and TAp73/MDMX interactions and inhibition of TAp73 degradation by ubiquitin ligase Itch. Finally, PpIX showed potent antitumor effect and inhibited the growth of xenograft human tumors in mice. Conclusion Our findings may in future contribute to the successful repurposing of PpIX into clinical practice. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13008-018-0043-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Sznarkowska
- 1Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Kostecka
- 1Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Kawiak
- 1Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Pilar Acedo
- 2Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattia Lion
- 3Centre for Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy.,4Present Address: Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Alberto Inga
- 3Centre for Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Joanna Zawacka-Pankau
- 2Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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Kostecka A, Sznarkowska A, Meller K, Acedo P, Shi Y, Sakil HAM, Kawiak A, Lion M, Królicka A, Wilhelm M, Inga A, Zawacka-Pankau J. Correction to: JNK-NQO1 axis drives TAp73-mediated tumor suppression upon oxidative and proteasomal stress. Cell Death Dis 2018. [PMID: 29880865 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0655-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Following publication of their Article JNK-NQO1 axis drives TAp73-mediated tumor suppression upon oxidative and proteasomal stress. Cell Death Dis. 2014, 5:e1484, the authors noted a mistake in Figure 2b, in that, the wells of the crystal violet plates showing growth inhibition induced by withaferin A in HCT 116TP53-/- cells were erroneously duplicated for 1 and 2.5 μM WA. The correct wells for 2.5 μM WA are now included in new figure 2b (please see attached file).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kostecka
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - A Sznarkowska
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - K Meller
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - P Acedo
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Y Shi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H A Mohammad Sakil
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Kawiak
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - M Lion
- Centre for Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trento, Mattarello, Italy
| | - A Królicka
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - M Wilhelm
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Inga
- Centre for Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trento, Mattarello, Italy
| | - J Zawacka-Pankau
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland. .,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Acedo P, Heuchel R, Fernandes A, Zawacka-Pankau J. Removal notice to TAp73 drives the cell death response to porphyrins and PDT in pancreatic cancer cells [PDPDT 17C (2017) A65-A66]. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Casadó A, Mora M, Sagristá ML, Rello-Varona S, Acedo P, Stockert JC, Cañete M, Villanueva A. Improved selectivity and cytotoxic effects of irinotecan via liposomal delivery: A comparative study on Hs68 and HeLa cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 109:65-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Acedo P, Heuchel R, Fernandes A, Zawacka-Pankau J. RETRACTED: TAp73 drives the cell death response to porphyrins and PDT in pancreatic cancer cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.01.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Acedo P, Zawacka-Pankau J. Mutant p53 talks to proteasomes—is there a feedback loop between Nrf2 and mutant p53? Transl Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2016.11.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Prior E, de Dios C, Criado R, Ortsiefer M, Meissner P, Acedo P. Dynamics of dual-polarization VCSEL-based optical frequency combs under optical injection locking. Opt Lett 2016; 41:4083-4086. [PMID: 27607978 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.004083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present experimental work studies the dynamics of dual-polarization optical frequency combs (OFCs) based on gain switching (GS) vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) diodes under optical injection locking (OIL). This study presents two main results. First, we have obtained an overall comb formed by two orthogonally polarized sub-combs with comparable span and power. The overall comb shows enhanced optical span and flatness and high coherence between its modes. The second result is that we have been able to control the polarization state of the overall comb by tuning the polarization state of the injected light by locking the same single teeth of the comb. This produces an overall comb with single polarization that is parallel or orthogonal. These are novel findings that provide for the development of efficient and compact OFCs based on GS VCSEL sources with versatile polarization dynamics.
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Boix-Garriga E, Acedo P, Casadó A, Villanueva A, Stockert JC, Cañete M, Mora M, Sagristá ML, Nonell S. Poly(D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles as delivery agents for photodynamic therapy: enhancing singlet oxygen release and photototoxicity by surface PEG coating. Nanotechnology 2015; 26:365104. [PMID: 26293792 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/36/365104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Poly(D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) are being considered as nanodelivery systems for photodynamic therapy. The physico-chemical and biological aspects of their use remain largely unknown. Herein we report the results of a study of PLGA NPs for the delivery of the model hydrophobic photosensitizer ZnTPP to HeLa cells. ZnTPP was encapsulated in PLGA with high efficiency and the NPs showed negative zeta potentials and diameters close to 110 nm. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) coating, introduced to prevent opsonization and clearance by macrophages, decreased the size and zeta potential of the NPs by roughly a factor of two and improved their stability in the presence of serum proteins. Photophysical studies revealed two and three populations of ZnTPP and singlet oxygen in uncoated and PEGylated NPs, respectively. Singlet oxygen is confined within the NPs in bare PLGA while it is more easily released into the external medium after PEG coating, which contributes to a higher photocytotoxicity towards HeLa cells in vitro. PLGA NPs are internalized by endocytosis, deliver their cargo to lysosomes and induce cell death by apoptosis upon exposure to light. In conclusion, PLGA NPs coated with PEG show high potential as delivery systems for photodynamic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Boix-Garriga
- Grup d'Enginyeria Molecular, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
TP53 is one of the genes most frequently inactivated in cancers. Mutations in TP53 gene are linked to worse prognosis and shorter overall survival of cancer patients. TP53 encodes a critical tumor suppressor, which dictates cell fate decisions upon stress stimuli. As a sensor of cellular stress, p53 is a relevant messenger of cell death signaling in ROS-driven photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. The significant role of p53 in response to PDT has been reported for several clinically approved photosensitizers. Multiple reports described that wild-type p53 contributes to cell killing upon photodynamic therapy with clinically approved photosensitizers but the mechanism is still not fully understood. This work outlines the diverse functions of p53 family members in cancer cells' susceptibility and resistance to PDT. In summary p53 and p53 family members are emerging as important mediators of cell death signaling in photodynamic therapy of cancer, however the mechanism of cell death provoked during PDT might differ depending on the tissue type and the photosensitizer applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Acedo
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 16, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Kostecka A, Sznarkowska A, Meller K, Acedo P, Shi Y, Mohammad Sakil HA, Kawiak A, Lion M, Królicka A, Wilhelm M, Inga A, Zawacka-Pankau J. JNK-NQO1 axis drives TAp73-mediated tumor suppression upon oxidative and proteasomal stress. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1484. [PMID: 25341038 PMCID: PMC4649515 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hyperproliferating cancer cells produce energy mainly from aerobic glycolysis, which results in elevated ROS levels. Thus aggressive tumors often possess enhanced anti-oxidant capacity that impedes many current anti-cancer therapies. Additionally, in ROS-compromised cancer cells ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is often deregulated for timely removal of oxidized proteins, thus enabling cell survival. Taken that UPS maintains the turnover of factors controlling cell cycle and apoptosis--such as p53 or p73, it represents a promising target for pharmaceutical intervention. Enhancing oxidative insult in already ROS-compromised cancer cells appears as an attractive anti-tumor scenario. TAp73 is a bona fide tumor suppressor that drives the chemosensitivity of some cancers to cisplatin or γ-radiation. It is an important drug target in tumors where p53 is lost or mutated. Here we discovered a novel synergistic mechanism leading to potent p73 activation and cancer cell death by oxidative stress and inhibition of 20S proteasomes. Using a small-molecule inhibitor of 20S proteasome and ROS-inducer--withaferin A (WA), we found that WA-induced ROS activates JNK kinase and stabilizes phase II anti-oxidant response effector NF-E2-related transcription factor (NRF2). This results in activation of Nrf2 target--NQO1 (NADPH quinone oxidoreductase), and TAp73 protein stabilization. The observed effect was ablated by the ROS scavenger--NAC. Concurrently, stress-activated JNK phosphorylates TAp73 at multiple serine and threonine residues, which is crucial to ablate TAp73/MDM2 complex and to promote TAp73 transcriptional function and induction of robust apoptosis. Taken together our data demonstrate that ROS insult in combination with the inhibition of 20S proteasome and TAp73 activation endows synthetic lethality in cancer cells. Thus, our results may enable the establishment of a novel pharmacological strategy to exploit the enhanced sensitivity of tumors to elevated ROS and proteasomal stress to kill advanced tumors by pharmacological activation of TAp73 using molecules like WA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kostecka
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - A Sznarkowska
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - K Meller
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - P Acedo
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Y Shi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H A Mohammad Sakil
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Kawiak
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - M Lion
- Centre for Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trento, Mattarello, Italy
| | - A Królicka
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - M Wilhelm
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Inga
- Centre for Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trento, Mattarello, Italy
| | - J Zawacka-Pankau
- 1] Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland [2] Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Calero M, Gutiérrez L, Salas G, Luengo Y, Lázaro A, Acedo P, Morales MP, Miranda R, Villanueva A. Efficient and safe internalization of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: Two fundamental requirements for biomedical applications. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 2014; 10:733-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ruiz-González R, Acedo P, Sánchez-García D, Nonell S, Cañete M, Stockert JC, Villanueva A. Efficient induction of apoptosis in HeLa cells by a novel cationic porphycene photosensitizer. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 63:401-14. [PMID: 23517729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we analyze the photobiological properties of 2,7,12-tris(α-pyridinio-p-tolyl)-17-(p-(methoxymethyl)phenyl) porphycene (Py3MeO-TBPo) in Hela cells, in order to assess its potential as a new photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy of cultured tumor cells. Using 0.5 μM Py3MeO-TBPo, flow cytometry studies demonstrated an increase of intracellular drug levels related to the incubation time, reaching a maximum at 18 h. LysoTracker(®) Green (LTG) and MitoTracker(®) Green (MTG) probes were used to identify the subcellular localization. Upon exposure to ultraviolet excitation, red porphycene fluorescence was detected as red granules in the cytoplasm that colocalized with LTG. No significant toxic effects were detected for Py3MeO-TBPo in the dark at concentrations below 1 μM. In contrast, Py3MeO-TBPo combined with red-light irradiation induced concentration- and fluence-dependent HeLa cells inactivation. Besides, all photodynamic protocols assayed induced a clear effect of cell detachment inhibition after trypsin treatment. Both apoptotic and necrotic cell death mechanisms can occur in HeLa cells depending on the experimental protocol. After 18 h incubation with 0.5 μM Py3MeO-TBPo and subsequent red light irradiation (3.6 J/cm(2)), a high number of cells die by apoptosis, as evaluated by morphological alterations, immunofluorescent relocalization of Bax from cytosol to mitochondria, and TUNEL assay. Likewise, immunofluorescence techniques showed that cytochrome c is released from mitochondria into cytosol in cells undergoing apoptosis, which occurs immediately after relocation of Bax in mitochondria. The highest amount of apoptosis appeared 24 h after treatment (70%) and this cell death occurred without cell detachment to the substrate. In contrast, with 0.75 μM Py3MeO-TBPo and 3.6 J/cm(2) irradiation, morphological changes showed a preferential necrotic cell death. Singlet oxygen was identified as the cytotoxic agent involved in cell photoinactivation. Moreover, cell cultures pre-exposed to the singlet oxygen scavenger sodium azide showed pronounced protection against the loss of viability induced by Py3MeO-TBPo and light. Different changes in distribution and organization of cytoskeletal elements (microtubules and actin microfilaments) as well as the protein vinculin, after apoptotic and necrotic photodynamic treatments have been analyzed. Neither of these two cell death mechanisms (apoptosis or necrosis) induced cell detachment. In summary, Py3MeO-TBPo appears to meet the requirements for further scrutiny as a very good photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy: it is water soluble, has a high absorption in the red spectral region (where light penetration in tissue is higher), and is able to induce effective high apoptotic rate (70%) related to the more widely studied photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Ruiz-González
- Grup d'Enginyeria Molecular, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona 08017, Spain
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Criado AR, Acedo P, Carpintero G, de Dios C, Yvind K. Observation of phase noise reduction in photonically synthesized sub-THz signals using a passively mode-locked laser diode and highly selective optical filtering. Opt Express 2012; 20:1253-1260. [PMID: 22274470 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.001253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A Continuous Wave (CW) sub-THz photonic synthesis setup based on a single Passively Mode-Locked Laser Diode (PMLLD) acting as a monolithic Optical Frequency Comb Generator (OFCG) and highly selective optical filtering has been implemented to evaluate the phase noise performance of the generated sub-THz signals. The analysis of the synthesized sub-THz signals up to 120 GHz gives as a result an effective reduction of the electrical linewidth when compared to direct harmonic generation that begins at 50 GHz and becomes greater as the frequency increases. The phase noise reduction offered by the setup, along with its integration potential, cost and bandwidth, make it a promising candidate to the development of an integrated and high performance low phase noise local oscillator in the sub-THz range.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Criado
- Electronics Technology Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Alvarez M, Villanueva A, Acedo P, Cañete M, Stockert JC. Cell death causes relocalization of photosensitizing fluorescent probes. Acta Histochem 2011; 113:363-8. [PMID: 20138336 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2010.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
When cultured cells are treated with fluorescent organelle probes or photosensitizer agents, a characteristic redistribution of fluorescence in cell structures occurs frequently after light irradiation. It is currently assumed that such changes, referred to as relocalizations of the fluorescent compounds, represent an important aspect of the photodynamic process, which is based on the excitation of photosensitizers by light in the presence of oxygen. As cell damage and death result from the oxidative stress induced by photodynamic treatments, we have studied here the redistribution of acridine orange (AO) and 3,3'-dimethyl-oxacarbocyanine (DiOC(1)(3)) fluorescence after incubation of HeLa cell cultures with these compounds followed by blue light irradiation to achieve lethal effects. The relocalization of dyes from their original labeling sites (AO: lysosomes, DiOC(1)(3): mitochondria) to nucleic acid-containing structures (cytoplasm, nuclei and nucleoli) appeared clearly associated with cell death. Therefore, the relocalization phenomenon simply reflects fluorescence changes due to the different affinity of these dyes for living and damaged or dead cells. As fluorescent probes are often photosensitizers, prolonged light exposures using fluorescence microscopy will produce lethal photodynamic effects with relocalization of the fluorescent signal and changes in the cell morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Alvarez
- Anatomical Institute José Izquierdo, Faculty of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, 1050 Caracas, Venezuela
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Mejías R, Pérez-Yagüe S, Gutiérrez L, Cabrera LI, Spada R, Acedo P, Serna CJ, Lázaro FJ, Villanueva Á, Morales MDP, Barber DF. Dimercaptosuccinic acid-coated magnetite nanoparticles for magnetically guided in vivo delivery of interferon gamma for cancer immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2011; 32:2938-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Pedreira P, Esteban L, Criado AR, Acedo P, Sánchez M, Sánchez J. Two color multichannel heterodyne interferometer set up for high spatial resolution electron density profile measurements in TJ-II. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:10D517. [PMID: 21033872 DOI: 10.1063/1.3475729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A high spatial resolution two color [CO(2), λ=10.6 μm/Nd:YAG (Nd:YAG denotes neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet), and λ=1.064 μm] expanded-beam multichannel heterodyne interferometer has been installed on the TJ-II stellarator. Careful design of the optical system has allowed complete control on the evolution of both Gaussian beams along the interferometer, as well as the evaluation and optimization of the spatial resolution to be expected in the measurements. Five CO(2) (measurement) channels and three Nd:YAG (vibration compensation) channels have been used to illuminate the plasma with a probe beam of 100 mm size. An optimum interpolation method has been applied to recover both interferometric phasefronts prior to mechanical vibration subtraction. The first results of the installed diagnostic are presented in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pedreira
- Department of Electronics Technology, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganes, Madrid 28911, Spain.
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Villanueva A, Stockert JC, Cañete M, Acedo P. A new protocol in photodynamic therapy: enhanced tumour cell death by combining two different photosensitizers. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2010; 9:295-7. [PMID: 20221454 DOI: 10.1039/b9pp00153k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The combined application of two photosensitisers (PSs), zinc(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and the cationic porphyrin meso-tetrakis(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphine (T4MPyP), on HeLa cells produced an enhanced lethal effect relative to treatments with single PSs. Thus, the proper combination of PSs may constitute a new strategy to improve the efficacy of clinical photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Villanueva
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, Edificio de Biología. E-28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Rello-Varona S, Stockert JC, Cañete M, Acedo P, Villanueva A. Mitotic catastrophe induced in HeLa cells by photodynamic treatment with Zn(II)-phthalocyanine. Int J Oncol 2008. [PMID: 18497980 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.32.6.1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a tool against neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases. PDT is capable to induce different cell death mechanisms in vitro, triggered in a dose-dependent manner. Relationships between PDT and apoptosis or necrosis induction are well-known, but other cell death mechanisms triggered after PDT are less understood. Here we present our results in p53-deficient human cervix carcinoma HeLa cells subjected to sublethal PDT treatments (mortality about 40%) using Zn(II)-phthalocyanine (ZnPc) incorporated into liposomes. We obtained a rapid metaphase blockage of cells that also showed clearly altered configurations of the mitotic spindle. Cell cycle arrest was followed by aneuploidisation and cell death with apoptotic morphology. Apoptosis was also confirmed by occurrence of PARP cleavage and Bax translocation to mitochondria. These features are components of the cell death mechanism known as mitotic catastrophe and represent, to our knowledge, the first description of this cell death modality after PDT with ZnPc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Rello-Varona
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Darwin 2, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Lamela H, Roycroft B, Acedo P, Santos R, Carpintero G. Experimental modulation bandwidth beyond the relaxation oscillation frequency in a monolithic twin-ridge laterally coupled diode laser based on lateral mode locking. Opt Lett 2002; 27:303-305. [PMID: 18007784 DOI: 10.1364/ol.27.000303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Monolithic twin-ridge laterally coupled diode lasers emitting at 1.3microm are presented that have a small-signal modulation bandwidth beyond the relaxation oscillation frequency of a single ridge. Spectra and spectrally resolved far fields are presented for three bias conditions: only one ridge lasing, both ridges lasing just above threshold, and both ridges lasing at biases well above threshold. In the first two cases the spectrum has single-peaked longitudinal modes, whereas the third cases shows splitting to in-phase and out-of-phase modes. The splitting frequency of the optical spectrum is measured to be 7.7 GHz. Small-signal modulation measurements reveal a strong resonance at 7.7 GHz, demonstrating an effect of lateral mode locking. As a result of this effect, the twin-ridge laser can be made to have a -3-dB bandwidth beyond that associated with its relaxation oscillation frequency.
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