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Balukova A, Bokea K, Barber PR, Ameer-Beg SM, MacRobert AJ, Yaghini E. Cellular Imaging and Time-Domain FLIM Studies of Meso-Tetraphenylporphine Disulfonate as a Photosensitising Agent in 2D and 3D Models. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4222. [PMID: 38673807 PMCID: PMC11050357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) and confocal fluorescence studies of a porphyrin-based photosensitiser (meso-tetraphenylporphine disulfonate: TPPS2a) were evaluated in 2D monolayer cultures and 3D compressed collagen constructs of a human ovarian cancer cell line (HEY). TPPS2a is known to be an effective model photosensitiser for both Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) and Photochemical Internalisation (PCI). This microspectrofluorimetric study aimed firstly to investigate the uptake and subcellular localisation of TPPS2a, and evaluate the photo-oxidative mechanism using reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation probes combined with appropriate ROS scavengers. Light-induced intracellular redistribution of TPPS2a was observed, consistent with rupture of endolysosomes where the porphyrin localises. Using the same range of light doses, time-lapse confocal imaging permitted observation of PDT-induced generation of ROS in both 2D and 3D cancer models using fluorescence-based ROS together with specific ROS inhibitors. In addition, the use of red light excitation of the photosensitiser to minimise auto-oxidation of the probes was investigated. In the second part of the study, the photophysical properties of TPPS2a in cells were studied using a time-domain FLIM system with time-correlated single photon counting detection. Owing to the high sensitivity and spatial resolution of this system, we acquired FLIM images that enabled the fluorescence lifetime determination of the porphyrin within the endolysosomal vesicles. Changes in the lifetime dynamics upon prolonged illumination were revealed as the vesicles degraded within the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Balukova
- Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK; (A.B.); (K.B.)
| | - Kalliopi Bokea
- Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK; (A.B.); (K.B.)
| | - Paul R. Barber
- Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK;
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | - Simon M. Ameer-Beg
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | - Alexander J. MacRobert
- Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK; (A.B.); (K.B.)
| | - Elnaz Yaghini
- Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK; (A.B.); (K.B.)
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Banerjee SM, Acedo P, El Sheikh S, Harati R, Meecham A, Williams NR, Gerard G, Keshtgar MRS, MacRobert AJ, Hamoudi R. Combination of verteporfin-photodynamic therapy with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine enhances the anti-tumour immune response in triple negative breast cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1188087. [PMID: 38022682 PMCID: PMC10664979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1188087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer characterised by its high tumourigenic, invasive, and immunosuppressive nature. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a focal therapy that uses light to activate a photosensitizing agent and induce a cytotoxic effect. 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-ADC) is a clinically approved immunomodulatory chemotherapy agent. The mechanism of the combination therapy using PDT and 5-ADC in evoking an anti-tumour response is not fully understood. Methods The present study examined whether a single dose of 5-ADC enhances the cytotoxic and anti-tumour immune effect of low dose PDT with verteporfin as the photosensitiser in a TNBC orthotopic syngeneic murine model, using the triple negative murine mammary tumour cell line 4T1. Histopathology analysis, digital pathology and immunohistochemistry of treated tumours and distant sites were assessed. Flow cytometry of splenic and breast tissue was used to identify T cell populations. Bioinformatics were used to identify tumour immune microenvironments related to TNBC patients. Results Functional experiments showed that PDT was most effective when used in combination with 5-ADC to optimize its efficacy. 5-ADC/PDT combination therapy elicited a synergistic effect in vitro and was significantly more cytotoxic than monotherapies on 4T1 tumour cells. For tumour therapy, all types of treatments demonstrated histopathologically defined margins of necrosis, increased T cell expression in the spleen with absence of metastases or distant tissue destruction. Flow cytometry and digital pathology results showed significant increases in CD8 expressing cells with all treatments, whereas only the 5-ADC/PDT combination therapy showed increase in CD4 expression. Bioinformatics analysis of in silico publicly available TNBC data identified BCL3 and BCL2 as well as the following anti-tumour immune response biomarkers as significantly altered in TNBC compared to other breast cancer subtypes: GZMA, PRF1, CXCL1, CCL2, CCL4, and CCL5. Interestingly, molecular biomarker assays showed increase in anti-tumour response genes after treatment. The results showed concomitant increase in BCL3, with decrease in BCL2 expression in TNBC treatment. In addition, the treatments showed decrease in PRF1, CCL2, CCL4, and CCL5 genes with 5-ADC and 5-ADC/PDT treatment in both spleen and breast tissue, with the latter showing the most decrease. Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first study that shows which of the innate and adaptive immune biomarkers are activated during PDT related treatment of the TNBC 4T1 mouse models. The results also indicate that some of the immune response biomarkers can be used to monitor the effectiveness of PDT treatment in TNBC murine model warranting further investigation in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shramana M. Banerjee
- Breast Unit, Royal Free London National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pilar Acedo
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Soha El Sheikh
- University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rania Harati
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amelia Meecham
- University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Norman R. Williams
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Gerard
- University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed R. S. Keshtgar
- Breast Unit, Royal Free London National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J. MacRobert
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Hadi MM, Farrell S, Nesbitt H, Thomas K, Kubajewska I, Ng A, Masood H, Patel S, Sciscione F, Davidson B, Callan JF, MacRobert AJ, McHale AP, Nomikou N. Correction to: Nanotechnology-augmented sonodynamic therapy and associated immune-mediated effects for the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:8165-8166. [PMID: 36947238 PMCID: PMC10374475 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04648-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marym Mohammad Hadi
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sian Farrell
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Heather Nesbitt
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Keith Thomas
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Ilona Kubajewska
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Nanomerics Ltd, London, UK
| | - Alex Ng
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hamzah Masood
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Shiv Patel
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Fabiola Sciscione
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Brian Davidson
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - John F Callan
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Alexander J MacRobert
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony P McHale
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Nikolitsa Nomikou
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
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Rafik ST, Vaidya JS, MacRobert AJ, Yaghini E. Organic Nanodelivery Systems as a New Platform in the Management of Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review from Preclinical to Clinical Studies. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072648. [PMID: 37048731 PMCID: PMC10095028 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer accounts for approximately 25% of cancer cases and 16.5% of cancer deaths in women, and the World Health Organization predicts that the number of new cases will increase by almost 70% over the next two decades, mainly due to an ageing population. Effective diagnostic and treatment strategies are, therefore, urgently required for improving cure rates among patients since current therapeutic modalities have many limitations and side effects. Nanomedicine is evolving as a promising approach for cancer management, including breast cancer, and various types of organic and inorganic nanomaterials have been investigated for their role in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. Following an overview on breast cancer characteristics and pathogenesis and challenges of the current treatment strategies, the therapeutic potential of biocompatible organic-based nanoparticles such as liposomes and polymeric micelles that have been tested in breast cancer models are reviewed. The efficacies of different drug delivery and targeting strategies are documented, ranging from synthetic to cell-derived nanoformulations together with a summary of the interaction of nanoparticles with externally applied energy such as radiotherapy. The clinical translation of nanoformulations for breast cancer treatment is summarized including those undergoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma T. Rafik
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London (UCL), London W1W 7TY, UK
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21516, Egypt
| | - Jayant S. Vaidya
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London (UCL), London W1W 7TY, UK
| | - Alexander J. MacRobert
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London (UCL), London W1W 7TY, UK
| | - Elnaz Yaghini
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London (UCL), London W1W 7TY, UK
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Mohammad Hadi L, Stamati K, Yaghini E, MacRobert AJ, Loizidou M. Treatment of 3D In Vitro Tumoroids of Ovarian Cancer Using Photochemical Internalisation as a Drug Delivery Method. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020572. [PMID: 36831108 PMCID: PMC9953023 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Photochemical internalisation (PCI) is a means of achieving spatio-temporal control of cytosolic drug delivery using sub-lethal photodynamic therapy (PDT), with a photosensitiser that can be activated by non-ionising visible light. Various 3D models including those developed at our laboratory, where spheroids are grown in a compressed collagen matrix, have been used for studying anti-cancer drug effects. However, the use of a more biomimetic tumouroid model which consists of a relatively hypoxic central cancer mass surrounded by its microenvironment (stroma) has not yet been explored in either toxicity or phototoxicity studies involving PCI. Here, we examined the efficacy of PCI using a porphyrin photosensitiser and a cytotoxin (Saporin) on ovarian cancer tumouroids, with HEY ovarian cancer cells in the central cancer compartment, and HDF fibroblast cells and HUVEC endothelial cells in the surrounding stromal compartment. The efficacy was compared to tumouroids treated with either Saporin or PDT alone, or no treatment. PCI treatment was shown to be effective in the tumouroids (determined through viability assays and imaging) and caused a considerable decrease in the viability of cancer cells both within the central cancer mass and those which had migrated into the stroma, as well as a reduction in the cell density of surrounding HUVEC and HDFs. Post-treatment, the mean distance of stromal invasion by cancer cells from the original cancer mass following treatment with Saporin alone was 730 μm vs. 125 μm for PCI. PDT was also effective at reducing viability in the central cancer mass and stroma but required a higher photosensitiser dose and light dose than PCI. Tumouroids, as tissue mimics, are suitable models for interrogating multicellular events following pharmacological assault.
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Heo KJ, Lee DU, Shin JH, Park J, Lee BJ, Shin J, Jeong SB, Hwang GB, MacRobert AJ, Parkin IP, Jung JH, Choi DY. Transparent, Robust, and Photochemical Antibacterial Surface Based on Hydrogen Bonding between a Si-Al and Cationic Dye. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:53285-53297. [PMID: 36395463 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare-associated infections can occur and spread through direct contact with contaminated fomites in a hospital, such as mobile phones, tablets, computer keyboards, doorknobs, and other surfaces. Herein, this study shows a transparent, robust, and visible light-activated antibacterial surface based on hydrogen bonds between a transparent silica-alumina (Si-Al) sol-gel and a visible light-activated photosensitizer, such as crystal violet (CV). The study of the bonding mechanisms revealed that hydrogen bonding predominantly occurs between the N of CV and Al-OH. Apart from CV, Si-Al can be combined with a variety of dyes, highlighting its potential for wide application. The Si-Al@CV film selectively generates singlet oxygen using ambient visible light, triggering potent photochemical antibacterial performance against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Additionally, the Si-Al@CV film is stable even after mechanical stability tests such as tape adhesion, scratch, bending, and water immersion. In vitro cytotoxicity tests using C2C12 myoblast cells showed that the Si-Al@CV film is a biocompatible material. This work suggests a new approach for designing a transparent and robust touchscreen surface with photochemical antibacterial capability against healthcare-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Joon Heo
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, LondonWC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Uk Lee
- Biomedical Manufacturing Technology Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeongcheon38822, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hak Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghun Park
- Biomedical Manufacturing Technology Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeongcheon38822, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Jin Lee
- Biomedical Manufacturing Technology Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeongcheon38822, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhun Shin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, LondonWC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Sang Bin Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Byoung Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, LondonWC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J MacRobert
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Campus, LondonNW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, LondonWC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jae Hee Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yun Choi
- Biomedical Manufacturing Technology Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeongcheon38822, Republic of Korea
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Hadi MM, Farrell S, Nesbitt H, Thomas K, Kubajewska I, Ng A, Masood H, Patel S, Sciscione F, Davidson B, Callan JF, MacRobert AJ, McHale AP, Nomikou N. Nanotechnology-augmented sonodynamic therapy and associated immune-mediated effects for the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04418-y. [PMID: 36319895 PMCID: PMC10349707 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04418-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is emerging as a cancer treatment alternative with significant advantages over conventional therapies, including its minimally invasive and site-specific nature, its radical antitumour efficacy with minimal side effects, and its capacity to raise an antitumour immune response. The study explores the efficacy of SDT in combination with nanotechnology against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. METHODS A nanoparticulate formulation (HPNP) based on a cathepsin B-degradable glutamate-tyrosine co-polymer that carries hematoporphyrin was used in this study for the SDT-based treatment of PDAC. Cathepsin B levels in BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells were correlated to cellular uptake of HPNP. The HPNP efficiency to induce a sonodynamic effect at varying ultrasound parameters, and at different oxygenation and pH conditions, was investigated. The biodistribution, tumour accumulation profile, and antitumour efficacy of HPNP in SDT were examined in immunocompetent mice carrying bilateral ectopic murine pancreatic tumours. The immune response profile of excised tumour tissues was also examined. RESULTS The HPNP formulation significantly improved cellular uptake of hematoporphyrin for both BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells, while increase of cellular uptake was positively correlated in PANC-1 cells. There was a clear SDT-induced cytotoxicity at the ultrasound conditions tested, and the treatment impaired the capacity of both BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells to form colonies. The overall acoustic energy and pulse length, rather than the power density, were key in eliciting the effects observed in vitro. The SDT treatment in combination with HPNP resulted in 21% and 27% reduction of the target and off-target tumour volumes, respectively, within 24 h. A single SDT treatment elicited an antitumour effect that was characterized by an SDT-induced decrease in immunosuppressive T cell phenotypes. CONCLUSION SDT has significant potential to serve as a monotherapy or adjunctive treatment for inoperable or borderline resectable PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marym Mohammad Hadi
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sian Farrell
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Heather Nesbitt
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Keith Thomas
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Ilona Kubajewska
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Nanomerics Ltd, London, UK
| | - Alex Ng
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hamzah Masood
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Shiv Patel
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Fabiola Sciscione
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Brian Davidson
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - John F Callan
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Alexander J MacRobert
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony P McHale
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Nikolitsa Nomikou
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
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Jeong SB, Lee DU, Lee BJ, Heo KJ, Kim DW, Hwang GB, MacRobert AJ, Shin JH, Ko HS, Park SK, Oh YS, Kim SJ, Lee DY, Lee SB, Park I, Kim SB, Han B, Jung JH, Choi DY. Photobiocidal-triboelectric nanolayer coating of photosensitizer/silica-alumina for reusable and visible-light-driven antibacterial/antiviral air filters. Chem Eng J 2022; 440:135830. [PMID: 35313452 PMCID: PMC8926436 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.135830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Outbreaks of airborne pathogens pose a major threat to public health. Here we present a single-step nanocoating process to endow commercial face mask filters with photobiocidal activity, triboelectric filtration capability, and washability. These functions were successfully achieved with a composite nanolayer of silica-alumina (Si-Al) sol-gel, crystal violet (CV) photosensitizer, and hydrophobic electronegative molecules of 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PFOTES). The transparent Si-Al matrix strongly immobilized the photosensitizer molecules while dispersing them spatially, thus suppressing self-quenching. During nanolayer formation, PFOTES was anisotropically rearranged on the Si-Al matrix, promoting moisture resistance and triboelectric charging of the Si-Al/PFOTES-CV (SAPC)-coated filter. The SAPC nanolayer stabilized the photoexcited state of the photosensitizer and promoted redox reaction. Compared to pure-photosensitizer-coated filters, the SAPC filter showed substantially higher photobiocidal efficiency (∼99.99 % for bacteria and a virus) and photodurability (∼83 % reduction in bactericidal efficiency for the pure-photosensitizer filter but ∼0.34 % for the SAPC filter after 72 h of light irradiation). Moreover, after five washes with detergent, the SAPC filter maintained its photobiocidal and filtration performance, proving its reusability potential. Therefore, this SAPC nanolayer coating provides a practical strategy for manufacturing an antimicrobial and reusable mask filter for use during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Bin Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
- Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Uk Lee
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Manufacturing Technology Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeongcheon 38822, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Jin Lee
- Biomedical Manufacturing Technology Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeongcheon 38822, Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Joon Heo
- Material Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Dong Won Kim
- Research Institute for Green Energy Convergence Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Byoung Hwang
- Material Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J MacRobert
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Jae Hak Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sik Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Kye Park
- Biomedical Manufacturing Technology Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeongcheon 38822, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Suk Oh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - See Jo Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yun Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Bok Lee
- Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Inyong Park
- Department of Environmental Machinery, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bok Kim
- Department of Environmental Machinery, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Bangwoo Han
- Department of Environmental Machinery, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yun Choi
- Biomedical Manufacturing Technology Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeongcheon 38822, Republic of Korea
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Hashemkhani M, Loizidou M, MacRobert AJ, Yagci Acar H. One-Step Aqueous Synthesis of Anionic and Cationic AgInS 2 Quantum Dots and Their Utility in Improving the Efficacy of ALA-Based Photodynamic Therapy. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:2846-2863. [PMID: 35104130 PMCID: PMC8895404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Silver–indium–sulfide
quantum dots (AIS QDs) have
potential applications in many areas, including biomedicine. Their
lack of regulated heavy metals, unlike many commercialized QDs, stands
out as an advantage, but the necessity for alloyed or core–shell
structures and related costly and sophisticated processes for the
production of stable and high quantum yield aqueous AIS QDs are the
current challenges. The present study demonstrates the one-step aqueous
synthesis of simple AgInS2 QD compositions utilizing for
the first time either a polyethyleneimine/2-mercaptopropionic acid
(AIS-PEI/2MPA) mixture or only 2-mercaptopropionic acid (AIS-2MPA)
as the stabilizing molecules, providing a AgInS2 portfolio
consisting of cationic and anionic AIS QDs, respectively, and tuneable
emission. Small AIS QDs with long-term stability and high quantum
yields (19–23%) were achieved at a molar ratio of Ag/In/S 1/10/10
in water without any dopant or a semiconductor shell. The theranostic
potential of these cationic and anionic AIS QDs was also evaluated
in vitro. Non-toxic doses were determined, and fluorescence imaging
potential was demonstrated. More importantly, these QDs were electrostatically
loaded with zwitterionic 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) as a prodrug
to enhance the tumor availability of ALA and to improve ALA-induced
porphyrin photodynamic therapy (PDT). This is the first study investigating
the influence of nanoparticle charge on ALA binding, release, and
therapeutic efficacy. Surface charge was found to be more critical
in cellular internalization and dark toxicity rather than drug loading
and release. Both QDs provided enhanced ALA release at acidic pH but
protected the prodrug at physiological pH, which is critical for tumor
delivery of ALA, which suffers from low bioavailability. The PDT efficacy
of the ALA-loaded AIS QDs was tested in 2D monolayers and 3D constructs
of HT29 and SW480 human colon adenocarcinoma cancer cell lines. The
incorporation of ALA delivery by the AIS QDs, which on their own do
not cause phototoxicity, elicited significant cell death due to enhanced
light-induced ROS generation and apoptotic/necrotic cell death, reducing
the IC50 for ALA dramatically to about 0.1 and 0.01 mM in anionic
and cationic AIS QDs, respectively. Combined with simple synthetic
methods, the strong intracellular photoluminescence of AIS QDs, good
biocompatibility of especially the anionic AIS QDs, and the ability
to act as drug carriers for effective PDT signify that the AIS QDs,
in particular AIS-2MPA, are highly promising theranostic QDs. Use of the ALA-loaded cationic and anionic
AIS QDs for visible
light PDT coupled with QD-based optical imaging in the medical imaging
window was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Hashemkhani
- Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Marilena Loizidou
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Centre for Nanomedicine and Surgical Theranostics, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PE, U.K
| | - Alexander J MacRobert
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Centre for Nanomedicine and Surgical Theranostics, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PE, U.K
| | - Havva Yagci Acar
- Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey.,Department of Chemistry, Koç University, KUYTAM, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
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10
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Hashemkhani M, Demirci G, Bayir A, Muti A, Sennaroglu A, Mohammad Hadi L, Yaghini E, Loizidou M, MacRobert AJ, Yagci Acar H. Cetuximab-Ag 2S quantum dots for fluorescence imaging and highly effective combination of ALA-based photodynamic/chemo-therapy of colorectal cancer cells. Nanoscale 2021; 13:14879-14899. [PMID: 34533177 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03507j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has a poor prognosis and urgently needs better therapeutic approaches. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) based photodynamic therapy (PDT) is already used in the clinic for several cancers but not yet well investigated for CRC. Currently, systemic administration of ALA offers a limited degree of tumour selectivity, except for intracranial tumours, limiting its wider use in the clinic. The combination of effective ALA-PDT and chemotherapy may provide a promising alternative approach for CRC treatment. Herein, theranostic Ag2S quantum dots (AS-2MPA) optically trackable in near-infrared (NIR), conjugated with endothelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeting Cetuximab (Cet) and loaded with ALA for PDT monotherapy or ALA/5-fluorouracil (5FU) for the combination therapy are proposed for enhanced treatment of EGFR(+) CRC. AS-2MPA-Cet exhibited excellent targeting of the high EGFR expressing cells and showed a strong intracellular signal for NIR optical detection in a comparative study performed on SW480, HCT116, and HT29 cells, which exhibit high, medium and low EGFR expression, respectively. Targeting provided enhanced uptake of the ALA loaded nanoparticles by strong EGFR expressing cells and formation of higher levels of PpIX. Cells also differ in their efficiency to convert ALA to PpIX, and SW480 was the best, followed by HT29, while HCT116 was determined as unsuitable for ALA-PDT. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in 2D cell cultures and 3D spheroids of SW480 and HT29 cells using AS-2MPA with either electrostatically loaded, hydrazone or amide linked ALA to achieve different levels of pH or enzyme sensitive release. Most effective phototoxicity was observed in SW480 cells using AS-2MPA-ALA-electrostatic-Cet due to enhanced uptake of the particles, fast ALA release and effective ALA-to-PpIX conversion. Targeted delivery reduced the effective ALA concentration significantly which was further reduced with codelivery of 5FU. Delivery of ALA via covalent linkages was also effective for PDT, but required a longer incubation time for the release of ALA in therapeutic doses. Phototoxicity was correlated with high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptotic/necrotic cell death. Hence, both AS-2MPA-ALA-Cet based PDT and AS-2MPA-ALA-Cet-5FU based chemo/PDT combination therapy coupled with strong NIR tracking of the nanoparticles demonstrate an exceptional therapeutic effect on CRC cells and excellent potential for synergistic multistage tumour targeting therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Hashemkhani
- Koc University, Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gozde Demirci
- Koc University, Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ali Bayir
- Koc University, Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Abdullah Muti
- Koc University, Departments of Physics and Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alphan Sennaroglu
- Koc University, Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Koc University, Departments of Physics and Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
- Koc University, KUYTAM, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Layla Mohammad Hadi
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Centre for Nanomedicine and Surgical Theranostics, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill St, London NW3 2PE, UK.
| | - Elnaz Yaghini
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Centre for Nanomedicine and Surgical Theranostics, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill St, London NW3 2PE, UK.
| | - Marilena Loizidou
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Centre for Nanomedicine and Surgical Theranostics, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill St, London NW3 2PE, UK.
| | - Alexander J MacRobert
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Centre for Nanomedicine and Surgical Theranostics, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill St, London NW3 2PE, UK.
| | - Havva Yagci Acar
- Koc University, Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Koc University, Department of Chemistry, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
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11
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Vallecorsa P, Di Venosa G, Gola G, Sáenz D, Mamone L, MacRobert AJ, Ramírez J, Casas A. Photodynamic therapy of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cell lines mediated by 5-aminolevulinic acid and derivatives. J Photochem Photobiol B 2021; 221:112244. [PMID: 34174487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The delta-amino acid 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), is the precursor of the endogenous photosensitiser Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), and is currently approved for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) of certain superficial cancers. However, ALA-PDT is not very effective in diseases in which T-cells play a significant role. Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) is a group of non-Hodgkin malignant diseases, which includes mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS). In previous work, we have designed new ALA esters synthesised by three-component Passerini reactions, and some of them showed higher performance as compared to ALA. This work aimed to determine the efficacy as pro-photosensitisers of five new ALA esters of 2-hydroxy-N-arylacetamides (1f, 1 g, 1 h, 1i and 1 k) of higher lipophilicity than ALA in Myla cells of MF and HuT-78 cells of SS. We have also tested its effectiveness against ALA and the already marketed ALA methyl ester (Me-ALA) and ALA hexyl ester (He-ALA). Both cell Myla and SS cells were effectively and equally photoinactivated by ALA-PDT. Besides, the concentration of ALA required to induce half the maximal porphyrin synthesis was 209 μM for Myla and 169 μM for HuT-78 cells. As a criterion of efficacy, we calculated the concentration of the ALA derivatives necessary to induce half the plateau porphyrin values obtained from ALA. These values were achieved at concentrations 4 and 12 times lower compared to ALA, according to the derivative used. For He-ALA, concentrations were 24 to 25 times lower than required for ALA for inducing comparable porphyrin synthesis in both CTCL cells. The light doses for inducing 50% of cell death (LD50) for He-ALA, 1f, 1 g, 1 h and 1i were around 18 and 25 J/cm2 for Myla and HuT-78 cells respectively, after exposure to 0.05 mM concentrations of the compounds. On the other hand, the LD50s for the compound 1 k were 40 and 57 J/cm2 for Myla and HuT-78, respectively. In contrast, 0.05 mM of ALA and Me-ALA did not provoke photokilling since the concentration employed was far below the porphyrin saturation point for these compounds. Our results suggest the potential use of ALA derivatives for topical application in PDT treatment of MF and extracorporeal PDT for the depletion of activated T-cells in SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vallecorsa
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), CONICET-Hospital de Clínicas Gral, José de San Martín, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Di Venosa
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), CONICET-Hospital de Clínicas Gral, José de San Martín, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Gola
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos Aplicados a Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Sáenz
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), CONICET-Hospital de Clínicas Gral, José de San Martín, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro Mamone
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), CONICET-Hospital de Clínicas Gral, José de San Martín, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alexander J MacRobert
- Centre for Nanomedicine and Surgical Theranostics, Unversity College London, UCL Medical School, Rowland Hill St, London NW32PF, UK
| | - Javier Ramírez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos Aplicados a Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Casas
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), CONICET-Hospital de Clínicas Gral, José de San Martín, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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12
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Céspedes MA, Saénz DA, Calvo GH, González M, MacRobert AJ, Battah S, Casas AG, Di Venosa GM. Apoptotic cell death induced by dendritic derivatives of aminolevulinic acid in endothelial and foam cells co-cultures. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:489-499. [PMID: 33825180 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective procedure for the treatment of lesions diseases based on the selectivity of a photosensitising compound with the ability to accumulate in the target cell. Atherosclerotic plaque is a suitable target for PDT because of the preferential accumulation of photosensitisers in atherosclerotic plaques. Dendrimers are hyperbranched polymers conjugated to drugs. The dendrimers of ALA hold ester bonds that inside the cells are cleaved and release ALA, yielding PpIX production. The dendrimer 6m-ALA was chosen to perform this study since in previous studies it induced the highest porphyrin macrophage: endothelial cell ratio (Rodriguez et al. in Photochem Photobiol Sci 14:1617-1627, 2015). We transformed Raw 264.7 macrophages to foam cells by exposure to oxidised LDLs, and we employed a co-culture model of HMEC-1 endothelial cells and foam cells to study the affinity of ALA dendrimers for the foam cells. In this work it was proposed an in vitro model of atheromatous plaque, the aim was to study the selectivity of an ALA dendrimer for the foam cells as compared to the endothelial cells in a co-culture system and the type of cell death triggered by the photodynamic treatment. The ALA dendrimer 6m-ALA showed selectivity PDT response for foam cells against endothelial cells. A light dose of 1 J/cm2 eliminate foam cells, whereas less than 50% of HMEC-1 is killed, and apoptosis cell death is involved in this process, and no necrosis is present. We propose the use of ALA dendrimers as pro-photosensitisers to be employed in photoangioplasty to aid in the treatment of obstructive cardiovascular diseases, and these molecules can also be employed as a theranostic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela A Céspedes
- Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Avenida Córdoba 2351, 1er subsuelo, 1120 AAF, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel A Saénz
- Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Avenida Córdoba 2351, 1er subsuelo, 1120 AAF, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo H Calvo
- Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Avenida Córdoba 2351, 1er subsuelo, 1120 AAF, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina González
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímica de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 120 s/n, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Alexander J MacRobert
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sinan Battah
- The School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Adriana G Casas
- Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Avenida Córdoba 2351, 1er subsuelo, 1120 AAF, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Gabriela M Di Venosa
- Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Avenida Córdoba 2351, 1er subsuelo, 1120 AAF, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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13
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Tewari KM, Dondi R, Yaghini E, Pourzand C, MacRobert AJ, Eggleston IM. Peptide-targeted dendrimeric prodrugs of 5-aminolevulinic acid: A novel approach towards enhanced accumulation of protoporphyrin IX for photodynamic therapy. Bioorg Chem 2021; 109:104667. [PMID: 33611140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising approach for the targeted treatment of cancer and various other human disorders. An effective, clinically approved approach in PDT involves the administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) to generate elevated levels of the natural photosensitiser protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). The development of prodrugs of ALA is of considerable interest as a means to enhance the efficiency and cell selectivity of PpIX accumulation for PDT applications. In this work a novel peptide-targeted dendrimeric prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) 13 was synthesised which displays nine copies of ALA on a core structure that is linked to a homing peptide for targeted delivery to a specific cancer cell type. The synthesis was accomplished effectively via a flexible, modular solid phase and solution phase route, using a combination of solid phase peptide synthesis and copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition chemistry. The prodrug system shows a sustained and enhanced production of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in the MDA-MB-231 cell line that over-expresses the epidernal growth factor receptor (EGFR+) in comparison to equimolar ALA and the corresponding non-targeted ALA dendrimer (nine copies of ALA). This study provides a proof of concept for the development of a new generation of prodrugs for ALA-based photodynamic therapy that can deliver an enhanced ALA payload to specific tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Tewari
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - R Dondi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - E Yaghini
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PE, UK
| | - C Pourzand
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - A J MacRobert
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PE, UK
| | - I M Eggleston
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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14
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Labib PL, Yaghini E, Davidson BR, MacRobert AJ, Pereira SP. 5-Aminolevulinic acid for fluorescence-guided surgery in pancreatic cancer: Cellular transport and fluorescence quantification studies. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:100886. [PMID: 33059124 PMCID: PMC7566921 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a potential contrast agent for fluorescence-guided surgery in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, factors influencing ALA uptake in PDAC have not been adequately assessed. We investigated ALA-induced porphyrin fluorescence in PDAC cell lines CFPAC-1 and PANC-1 and pancreatic ductal cell line H6c7 following incubation with 0.25-1.0 mM ALA for 4-48 h. Fluorescence was assessed qualitatively by microscopy and quantitatively by plate reader and flow cytometry. Haem biosynthesis enzymes and transporters were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). CFPAC-1 cells exhibited intense fluorescence under microscopy at low concentrations whereas PANC-1 cells and pancreatic ductal cell line H6c7 showed much lower fluorescence. Quantitative fluorescence studies demonstrated fluorescence saturation in the two PDAC cell lines at 0.5 mM ALA, whereas H6c7 cells showed increasing fluorescence with increasing ALA. Based on the PDAC:H6c7 fluorescence ratio studies, lower ALA concentrations provide better contrast between PDAC and benign pancreatic cells. Studies with qPCR showed upregulation of ALA influx transporter PEPT1 in CFPAC-1, whereas PANC-1 upregulated the efflux transporter ABCG2. We conclude that PEPT1 and ABCG2 expression may be key contributory factors for variability in ALA-induced fluorescence in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Labib
- UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - E Yaghini
- UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - B R Davidson
- UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - A J MacRobert
- UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - S P Pereira
- UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
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15
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Yaghini E, Tacconi E, Pilling A, Rahman P, Broughton J, Naasani I, Keshtgar MRS, MacRobert AJ, Della Pasqua O. Population pharmacokinetic modelling of indium-based quantum dot nanoparticles: preclinical in vivo studies. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 157:105639. [PMID: 33188925 PMCID: PMC8214104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in biomedical applications of quantum dot (QD) nanoparticles, in particular their use as imaging agents for diagnostic applications. In order to investigate the in vivo biodistribution and the potential toxicity of quantum dots (QDs), it is crucial to develop pharmacokinetic (PK) models as basis for prediction of QDs exposure profiles over time. Here, we investigated the in vivo biodistribution of novel indium-based QDs in mice for up to three months after intravenous administration and subsequently developed a translational population PK model to scale findings to humans. This evaluation was complemented by a comprehensive overview of the in vivo toxicology of QDs in rats. The QDs were primarily taken up by the liver and spleen and were excreted via hepatobiliary and urinary pathways. A non-linear mixed effects modelling approach was used to describe blood and organ disposition characteristics of QDs using a multi-compartment PK model. The observed blood and tissue exposure to QDs was characterised with an acceptable level of accuracy at short and long-term. Of note is the fast distribution of QDs from blood into liver and spleen in the first 24 h post-injection (half-life of 28 min) followed by a long elimination profile (half-life range: 47-90 days). This is the first study to assess the PK properties of QDs using a population pharmacokinetic approach to analyse in vivo preclinical data. No organ damage was observed following systemic administration of QDs at doses as high as 48 mg/kg at 24 h, 1 week and 5 weeks post-injection. In conjunction with the data arising from the toxicology experiments, PK parameter estimates provide insight into the potential PK properties of QDs in humans, which ultimately allow prediction of their disposition and enable optimisation of the design of first-in-human QDs studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Yaghini
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street, London, W1W 7TS, UK.
| | - Elisa Tacconi
- Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Group, University College London, School of Pharmacy, BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JP, UK
| | - Andrew Pilling
- ToxPath Consultancy Ltd, Church Road, Wingfield, Diss, IP21 5RA, UK
| | - Paula Rahman
- Nanoco Technologies Ltd, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Joe Broughton
- Nanoco Technologies Ltd, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Imad Naasani
- Nanoco Technologies Ltd, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Mohammed R S Keshtgar
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street, London, W1W 7TS, UK
| | - Alexander J MacRobert
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street, London, W1W 7TS, UK
| | - Oscar Della Pasqua
- Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Group, University College London, School of Pharmacy, BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JP, UK
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16
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Owusu EGA, Yaghini E, Naasani I, Parkin IP, Allan E, MacRobert AJ. Synergistic interactions of cadmium-free quantum dots embedded in a photosensitised polymer surface: efficient killing of multidrug-resistant strains at low ambient light levels. Nanoscale 2020; 12:10609-10622. [PMID: 32373810 PMCID: PMC7497474 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10421f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium-free quantum dots (QD) were combined with crystal violet photosensitising dye and incorporated into medical grade polyurethane via a non-covalent dipping process known as 'swell-encapsulation-shrink'. The antibacterial efficacy of the prepared quantum dot-crystal violet polyurethane substrates (QD + CV PU) was investigated under low power visible light illumination at similar intensities (500 lux) to those present in clinical settings. The antibacterial performance of QD + CV PU was superior to the constituent polymer substrates, eliminating ∼99.9% of an environmental P. aeruginosa strain, a clinical P. aeruginosa strain from a cystic fibrosis patient and a clinical E. coli strain. The nature of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in antibacterial activity of the QD + CV PU surface was investigated using ROS inhibitors and time-resolved optical spectroscopy. The photo-physical interactions of the green-emitting QDs with CV lead to a combination of Type I and II electron transfer and energy transfer processes, with the highly potent ROS singlet oxygen playing a dominant role. This study is the first to demonstrate highly efficient synergistic killing of clinical and environmental strains of intrinsically resistant and multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria using light-activated surfaces containing biocompatible cadmium-free QDs and crystal violet dye at ambient light levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethel G. A. Owusu
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science
, University College London
,
Charles Bell House
, 43-45 Foley Street
, London W1 W 7TS
, UK
.
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre
, Department of Chemistry
, University College London
,
20 Gordon Street
, London WC1H 0AJ
, UK
- Department of Microbial Diseases
, UCL Eastman Dental Institute
, University College London
,
256 Gray's Inn Road
, London WC1X 8LD
, UK
| | - Elnaz Yaghini
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science
, University College London
,
Charles Bell House
, 43-45 Foley Street
, London W1 W 7TS
, UK
.
| | - Imad Naasani
- Nanoco Technologies Ltd
,
46 Grafton Street
, Manchester M13 9NT
, UK
| | - Ivan P. Parkin
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre
, Department of Chemistry
, University College London
,
20 Gordon Street
, London WC1H 0AJ
, UK
| | - Elaine Allan
- Department of Microbial Diseases
, UCL Eastman Dental Institute
, University College London
,
256 Gray's Inn Road
, London WC1X 8LD
, UK
| | - Alexander J. MacRobert
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science
, University College London
,
Charles Bell House
, 43-45 Foley Street
, London W1 W 7TS
, UK
.
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17
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Demir Duman F, Sebek M, Thanh NTK, Loizidou M, Shakib K, MacRobert AJ. Enhanced photodynamic therapy and fluorescence imaging using gold nanorods for porphyrin delivery in a novel in vitro squamous cell carcinoma 3D model. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:5131-5142. [PMID: 32420578 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00810a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanocomposites of gold nanorods (Au NRs) with the cationic porphyrin TMPyP (5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1- methyl 4-pyridinio)porphyrin tetra(p-toluenesulfonate)) were investigated as a nanocarrier system for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and fluorescence imaging. To confer biocompatibility and facilitate the cellular uptake, the NRs were encapsulated with polyacrylic acid (PAA) and efficiently loaded with the cationic porphyrin by electrostatic interaction. The nanocomposites were tested with and without light exposure following incubation in 2D monolayer cultures and a 3D compressed collagen construct of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The results showed that Au NRs enhance the absorption and emission intensity of TMPyP and improve its photodynamic efficiency and fluorescence imaging capability in both 2D cultures and 3D cancer constructs. Au NRs are promising theranostic agents for delivery of photosensitisers for HNSCC treatment and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Demir Duman
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Centre for Nanomedicine and Surgical Theranostics, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill St, London, NW3 2PE, UK.
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18
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Sehmi SK, Lourenco C, Alkhuder K, Pike SD, Noimark S, Williams CK, Shaffer MSP, Parkin IP, MacRobert AJ, Allan E. Antibacterial Surfaces with Activity against Antimicrobial Resistant Bacterial Pathogens and Endospores. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:939-946. [PMID: 32126763 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hospital-acquired bacterial infections are a significant burden on healthcare systems worldwide causing an increased duration of hospital stays and prolonged patient suffering. We show that polyurethane containing crystal violet (CV) and 3-4 nm zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) possesses excellent bactericidal activity against hospital-acquired pathogens including multidrug resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and even highly resistant endospores of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile. Importantly, we used clinical isolates of bacterial strains, a protocol to mimic the environmental conditions of a real exposure in the healthcare setting, and low light intensity equivalent to that encountered in UK hospitals (∼500 lux). Our data shows that ZnO NPs enhance the photobactericidal activity of CV under low intensity light even with short exposure times, and we show that this involves both Type I and Type II photochemical pathways. Interestingly, polyurethane containing ZnO NPs alone showed significant bactericidal activity in the dark against one strain of E. coli, indicating that the NPs possess both light-activated synergistic activity with CV and inherent bactericidal activity that is independent of light. These new antibacterial polymers are potentially useful in healthcare facilties to reduce the transmission of pathogens between people and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K. Sehmi
- Division of Microbial Disease, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray’s Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio Lourenco
- Division of Microbial Disease, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray’s Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Khaled Alkhuder
- Division of Microbial Disease, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray’s Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian D. Pike
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sacha Noimark
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte K. Williams
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Milo S. P. Shaffer
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan P. Parkin
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J. MacRobert
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Allan
- Division of Microbial Disease, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray’s Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom
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19
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Mohammad Hadi L, Yaghini E, MacRobert AJ, Loizidou M. Synergy between Photodynamic Therapy and Dactinomycin Chemotherapy in 2D and 3D Ovarian Cancer Cell Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3203. [PMID: 32366058 PMCID: PMC7247344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we explored the efficacy of combining low dose photodynamic therapy using a porphyrin photosensitiser and dactinomycin, a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent. The studies were carried out on compressed collagen 3D constructs of two human ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV3 and HEY) versus their monolayer counterparts. An amphiphilc photosensitiser was employed, disulfonated tetraphenylporphine, which is not a substrate for ABC efflux transporters that can mediate drug resistance. The combination treatment was shown to be effective in both monolayer and 3D constructs of both cell lines, causing a significant and synergistic reduction in cell viability. Compared to dactinomycin alone or PDT alone, higher cell kill was found using 2D monolayer culture vs. 3D culture for the same doses. In 3D culture, the combination therapy resulted in 10 and 22 times higher cell kill in SKOV3 and HEY cells at the highest light dose compared to dactinomycin monotherapy, and 2.2 and 5.5 times higher cell kill than PDT alone. The combination of low dose PDT and dactinomycin appears to be a promising way to repurpose dactinomycin and widen its therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Mohammad Hadi
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK; (E.Y.); (A.J.M.)
| | | | | | - Marilena Loizidou
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK; (E.Y.); (A.J.M.)
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20
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Hwang GB, Huang H, Wu G, Shin J, Kafizas A, Karu K, Toit HD, Alotaibi AM, Mohammad-Hadi L, Allan E, MacRobert AJ, Gavriilidis A, Parkin IP. Photobactericidal activity activated by thiolated gold nanoclusters at low flux levels of white light. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1207. [PMID: 32139700 PMCID: PMC7057968 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria is a major threat to the practice of modern medicine. Photobactericidal agents have obtained significant attention as promising candidates to kill bacteria, and they have been extensively studied. However, to obtain photobactericidal activity, an intense white light source or UV-activation is usually required. Here we report a photobactericidal polymer containing crystal violet (CV) and thiolated gold nanocluster ([Au25(Cys)18]) activated at a low flux levels of white light. It was shown that the polymer encapsulated with CV do not have photobactericidal activity under white light illumination of an average 312 lux. However, encapsulation of [Au25(Cys)18] and CV into the polymer activates potent photobactericidal activity. The study of the photobactericidal mechanism shows that additional encapsulation of [Au25(Cys)18] into the CV treated polymer promotes redox reactions through generation of alternative electron transfer pathways, while it reduces photochemical reaction type-ІІ pathways resulting in promotion of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Byoung Hwang
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - He Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Gaowei Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Juhun Shin
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Andreas Kafizas
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Science Research Hub, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London, W12 OBZ, UK
- Grantham Institute, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Kersti Karu
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Hendrik Du Toit
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Abdullah M Alotaibi
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Layla Mohammad-Hadi
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Elaine Allan
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Grays Inn Road, London, WC1X 8LD, UK
| | - Alexander J MacRobert
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Asterios Gavriilidis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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21
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Owusu EGA, MacRobert AJ, Naasani I, Parkin IP, Allan E, Yaghini E. Photoactivable Polymers Embedded with Cadmium-Free Quantum Dots and Crystal Violet: Efficient Bactericidal Activity against Clinical Strains of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:12367-12378. [PMID: 30855136 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b02109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The rising incidence of antibiotic-resistant infections from contaminated surfaces in hospitals or implanted medical devices has led to increasing interest in new antibacterial surfaces. Photoactivatable surfaces that can generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species under exposure to ambient light is a promising approach to inactivation of surface-borne microorganisms. There is growing interest in the use of quantum dots (QDs) as light-harvesting agents for photobactericidal applications, but the cadmium in commonly used QDs will restrict clinical application. Herein, the photobactericidal activity of novel polyurethane substrates containing cadmium-free QDs was tested against clinical multidrug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and a carbapenemase-producing strain of Escherichia coli ( E. coli). To enhance the capacity for reactive oxygen species generation, QDs were incorporated into the polymer with a photosensitizing dye, crystal violet. Close proximity between the QD and dye enables electron and energy transfer processes leading to generation of cytotoxic singlet oxygen and superoxide radicals. A QD solution in cyclohexane was premixed with a solution of CV in the more polar solvent, dichloromethane, to promote the formation of QD-CV nanocomposite complexes via CV adsorption. This solution was then used to embed the QDs and crystal violet into medical grade polyurethane via swell-encapsulation. The combination of QD and CV elicited significant synergistic antibacterial activity under visible light against MRSA within 1 h (99.98% reduction) and E. coli within 4 h (99.96% reduction). Photoluminescence lifetime and singlet oxygen phosphorescence measurements demonstrated that interaction between the QDs and the crystal violet occurs within the polymer and leads to enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species. Strong inhibition of kill was observed using the superoxide scavenger, superoxide dismutase. The efficacy of these QD-CV polymer substrates, that can harvest light across the visible spectrum, against multidrug-resistant bacteria demonstrates the feasibility of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethel G A Owusu
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science , University College London , Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street , London W1W 7TS , U.K
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London WC1H 0AJ , U.K
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute , University College London , 256 Gray's Inn Road , London WC1X 8LD , U.K
| | - Alexander J MacRobert
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science , University College London , Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street , London W1W 7TS , U.K
| | - Imad Naasani
- Nanoco Technologies Ltd , 46 Grafton Street , Manchester M13 9NT , U.K
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London WC1H 0AJ , U.K
| | - Elaine Allan
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute , University College London , 256 Gray's Inn Road , London WC1X 8LD , U.K
| | - Elnaz Yaghini
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science , University College London , Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street , London W1W 7TS , U.K
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22
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Adigbli DK, Pye H, Seebaluck J, Loizidou M, MacRobert AJ. The intracellular redox environment modulates the cytotoxic efficacy of single and combination chemotherapy in breast cancer cells using photochemical internalisation. RSC Adv 2019; 9:25861-25874. [PMID: 35530074 PMCID: PMC9070005 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04430b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The redox environment modulates photochemical internalization of an entrapped cytotoxic agent. Administration of light depicted by jagged arrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derick K. Adigbli
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | - Hayley Pye
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | - Jason Seebaluck
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | - Marilena Loizidou
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science
- University College London
- London
- UK
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23
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Wu K, Douglas SP, Wu G, MacRobert AJ, Allan E, Knapp CE, Parkin IP. A rugged, self-sterilizing antimicrobial copper coating on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene: a preliminary study on the feasibility of an antimicrobial prosthetic joint material. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:3310-3318. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00440h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We report here for the first time how a copper coating bond to ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) via low temperature aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London
- UK
- Division of Microbial Diseases
| | | | - Gaowei Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University College London
- UK
| | | | - Elaine Allan
- Division of Microbial Diseases
- UCL Eastman Dental Institute
- University College London
- London WC1X 8LD
- UK
| | | | - Ivan P. Parkin
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London
- UK
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24
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Yaghini E, Dondi R, Edler KJ, Loizidou M, MacRobert AJ, Eggleston IM. Codelivery of a cytotoxin and photosensitiser via a liposomal nanocarrier: a novel strategy for light-triggered cytosolic release. Nanoscale 2018; 10:20366-20376. [PMID: 30376028 PMCID: PMC6251340 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04048f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Endosomal entrapment is a key issue for the intracellular delivery of many nano-sized biotherapeutics to their cytosolic or nuclear targets. Photochemical internalisation (PCI) is a novel light-based solution that can be used to trigger the endosomal escape of a range of bioactive agents into the cytosol leading to improved efficacy in pre-clinical and clinical studies. PCI typically depends upon the endolysosomal colocalisation of the bioactive agent with a suitable photosensitiser that is administered separately. In this study we demonstrate that both these components may be combined for codelivery via a novel multifunctional liposomal nanocarrier, with a corresponding increase in the biological efficacy of the encapsulated agent. As proof of concept, we show here that the cytotoxicity of the 30 kDa protein toxin, saporin, in MC28 fibrosarcoma cells is significantly enhanced when delivered via a cell penetrating peptide (CPP)-modified liposome, with the CPP additionally functionalised with a photosensitiser that is targeted to endolysosomal membranes. This innovation opens the way for the efficient delivery of a range of biotherapeutics by the PCI approach, incorporating a clinically proven liposome delivery platform and using bioorthogonal ligation chemistries to append photosensitisers and peptides of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Yaghini
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science
, University College London
,
Royal Free Campus
, Rowland Hill Street
, London NW3 2PE
, UK
.
;
| | - Ruggero Dondi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
, University of Bath
,
Bath BA2 7AY
, UK
.
| | - Karen J. Edler
- Department of Chemistry
, University of Bath
,
Bath BA2 7AY
, UK
| | - Marilena Loizidou
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science
, University College London
,
Royal Free Campus
, Rowland Hill Street
, London NW3 2PE
, UK
.
;
| | - Alexander J. MacRobert
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science
, University College London
,
Royal Free Campus
, Rowland Hill Street
, London NW3 2PE
, UK
.
;
| | - Ian M. Eggleston
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
, University of Bath
,
Bath BA2 7AY
, UK
.
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25
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Hadi LM, Yaghini E, Stamati K, Loizidou M, MacRobert AJ. Therapeutic enhancement of a cytotoxic agent using photochemical internalisation in 3D compressed collagen constructs of ovarian cancer. Acta Biomater 2018; 81:80-92. [PMID: 30267880 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical internalisation (PCI) is a method for enhancing delivery of drugs to their intracellular target sites of action. In this study we investigated the efficacy of PCI using a porphyrin photosensitiser and a cytotoxic agent on spheroid and non-spheroid compressed collagen 3D constructs of ovarian cancer versus conventional 2D culture. The therapeutic responses of two human carcinoma cell lines (SKOV3 and HEY) were compared using a range of assays including optical imaging. The treatment was shown to be effective in non-spheroid constructs of both cell lines causing a significant and synergistic reduction in cell viability measured at 48 or 96 h post-illumination. In the larger spheroid constructs, PCI was still effective but required higher saporin and photosensitiser doses. Moreover, in contrast to the 2D and non-spheroid experiments, where comparable efficacy was found for the two cell lines, HEY spheroid constructs were found to be more susceptible to PCI and a lower dose of saporin could be used. PCI treatment was observed to induce death principally by apoptosis in the 3D constructs compared to the mostly necrotic cell death caused by PDT. At low oxygen levels (1%) both PDT and PCI were significantly less effective in the constructs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Assessment of new drugs or delivery systems for cancer therapy prior to conducting in vivo studies often relies on the use of conventional 2D cell culture, however 3D cancer constructs can provide more physiologically relevant information owing to their 3D architecture and the presence of an extracellular matrix. This study investigates the efficacy of Photochemical Internalisation mediated drug delivery in 3D constructs. In 3D cultures, both oxygen and drug delivery to the cells are limited by diffusion through the extracellular matrix unlike 2D models, and in our model we have used compressed collagen constructs where the density of collagen mimics physiological values. These 3D constructs are therefore well suited to studying drug delivery using PCI. Our study highlights the potential of these constructs for identifying differences in therapeutic response to PCI of two ovarian carcinoma lines.
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26
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Zhou T, Battah S, Mazzacuva F, Hider RC, Dobbin P, MacRobert AJ. Design of Bifunctional Dendritic 5-Aminolevulinic Acid and Hydroxypyridinone Conjugates for Photodynamic Therapy. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3411-3428. [PMID: 30249090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Iron chelators have recently attracted interest in the field of photodynamic therapy (PDT) owing to their role in enhancement of intracellular protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) generation induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) via the biosynthetic heme cycle. Although ALA is widely used in PDT, cellular uptake of ALA is limited by its hydrophilicity. In order to improve ALA delivery and enhance the PpIX production, several dendrimers incorporating both ALA and 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone (HPO) were synthesized. The ability of the dendrimers to enter cells and be metabolized to the PpIX photosensitizer was studied in several human cancer cell lines. The dendrimers were found to be significantly more efficient than ALA alone in PpIX production. The higher intracellular PpIX levels showed a clear correlation with enhanced cellular phototoxicity following light exposure. Dendritic derivatives are therefore capable of efficiently delivering both ALA and HPO, which act synergistically to amplify in vitro PpIX levels and enhance PDT efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310035 , P.R. China
| | - Sinan Battah
- School of Biological Sciences , University of Essex , Wivenhoe Park , Colchester CO4 3SQ , U.K
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science , University College London , Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street , London W1W 7TS , U.K
| | - Francesca Mazzacuva
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences , King's College London , 150 Stamford Street , London SE1 9NH , U.K
| | - Robert C Hider
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences , King's College London , 150 Stamford Street , London SE1 9NH , U.K
| | - Paul Dobbin
- School of Biological Sciences , University of Essex , Wivenhoe Park , Colchester CO4 3SQ , U.K
| | - Alexander J MacRobert
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science , University College London , Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street , London W1W 7TS , U.K
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27
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Yaghini E, Turner H, Pilling A, Naasani I, MacRobert AJ. In vivo biodistribution and toxicology studies of cadmium-free indium-based quantum dot nanoparticles in a rat model. Nanomedicine 2018; 14:2644-2655. [PMID: 30048815 PMCID: PMC6198065 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Quantum dot (QD) nanoparticles are highly promising contrast agents and probes for biomedical applications owing to their excellent photophysical properties. However, toxicity concerns about commonly used cadmium-based QDs hinder their translation to clinical applications. In this study we describe the in vivo biodistribution and toxicology of indium-based water soluble QDs in rats following intravenous administration. The biodistribution measured at up to 90 days showed that QDs mainly accumulated in the liver and spleen, with similar elimination kinetics to subcutaneous administration. Evidence for QD degradation in the liver was found by comparing photoluminescence measurements versus elemental analysis. No organ damage or histopathological lesions were observed for the QDs treated rats after 24 h, 1 and 4 weeks following intravenous administration at 12.5 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg. Analysis of serum biochemistry and complete blood counts found no toxicity. This work supports the strong potential of indium-based QDs for translation into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Yaghini
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK.
| | | | - Andrew Pilling
- ToxPath Consultancy Limited, Stradbroke Business Centre, Eye, Suffolk, UK
| | | | - Alexander J MacRobert
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
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28
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Williams GOS, Euser TG, Russell PSJ, MacRobert AJ, Jones AC. Highly Sensitive Luminescence Detection of Photosensitized Singlet Oxygen within Photonic Crystal Fibers. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gareth O. S. Williams
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry Joseph Black Building; The University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Tijmen G. Euser
- Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Light Staudtstr 2; 91058 Erlangen Germany
- NanoPhotonics Centre Cavendish Laboratory; University of Cambridge; J. J. Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | | | - Alexander J. MacRobert
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science; University College London; Charles Bell House London W1W 7TS UK
| | - Anita C. Jones
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry Joseph Black Building; The University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
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29
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Mohammad-Hadi L, MacRobert AJ, Loizidou M, Yaghini E. Photodynamic therapy in 3D cancer models and the utilisation of nanodelivery systems. Nanoscale 2018; 10:1570-1581. [PMID: 29308480 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07739d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is the subject of considerable research in experimental cancer models mainly for the treatment of solid cancerous tumours. Recent studies on the use of nanoparticles as photosensitiser carriers have demonstrated improved PDT efficacy in experimental cancer therapy. Experiments typically employ conventional monolayer cell culture but there is increasing interest in testing PDT using three dimensional (3D) cancer models. 3D cancer models can better mimic in vivo models than 2D cultures by for example enabling cancer cell interactions with a surrounding extracellular matrix which should enable the treatment to be optimised prior to in vivo studies. The aim of this review is to discuss recent research using PDT in different types of 3D cancer models, from spheroids to nano-fibrous scaffolds, using a range of photosensitisers on their own or incorporated in nanoparticles and nanodelivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Mohammad-Hadi
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Department of Nanotechnology, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill St, London NW3 2PE, UK.
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30
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Peveler WJ, Noimark S, Al-Azawi H, Hwang GB, Crick CR, Allan E, Edel JB, Ivanov AP, MacRobert AJ, Parkin IP. Covalently Attached Antimicrobial Surfaces Using BODIPY: Improving Efficiency and Effectiveness. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:98-104. [PMID: 29210273 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of photoactivated antimicrobial surfaces that kill pathogens through the production of singlet oxygen has proved very effective in recent years, with applications in medical devices and hospital touch surfaces, to improve patient safety and well being. However, many of these surfaces require a swell-encapsulation-shrink strategy to incorporate the photoactive agents in a polymer matrix, and this is resource intensive, given that only the surface fraction of the agent is active against bacteria. Furthermore, there is a risk that the agent will leach from the polymer and thus raises issues of biocompatibility and patient safety. Here, we describe a more efficient method of fabricating a silicone material with a covalently attached monolayer of photoactivating agent that uses heavy-atom triplet sensitization for improved singlet oxygen generation and corresponding antimicrobial activity. We use boron-dipyrromethane with a reactive end group and incorporated Br atoms, covalently attached to poly(dimethylsiloxane). We demonstrate the efficacy of this material in producing singlet oxygen and killing Staphylococcus aureus and suggest how it might be easily modifiable for future antimicrobial surface development.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Peveler
- Department of Chemistry, University College London , 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Sacha Noimark
- Department of Chemistry, University College London , 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Malet Place Engineering Building, University College London , London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Hassan Al-Azawi
- Department of Chemistry, University College London , 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Gi Byoung Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, University College London , 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Colin R Crick
- Materials Innovation Factory, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Elaine Allan
- Division of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London , 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, U.K
| | - Joshua B Edel
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London , Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Aleksandar P Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London , Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Alexander J MacRobert
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, Department of Nanotechnology, Royal Free Campus, University College London , Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, U.K
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London , 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
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31
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Lourenço C, Macdonald TJ, Gavriilidis A, Allan E, MacRobert AJ, Parkin IP. Effects of bovine serum albumin on light activated antimicrobial surfaces. RSC Adv 2018; 8:34252-34258. [PMID: 35548657 PMCID: PMC9087004 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04361b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we demonstrate that our active surfaces still show antibacterial activity even with BSA at low light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudio Lourenço
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London WC1H 0AJ
- UK
| | - Thomas J. Macdonald
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London WC1H 0AJ
- UK
| | | | - Elaine Allan
- Division of Microbial Disease
- UCL Eastman Dental Institute University College London
- London
- UK
| | - Alexander J. MacRobert
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science
- University College London
- Royal Free Campus
- London
- UK
| | - Ivan P. Parkin
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London WC1H 0AJ
- UK
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32
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Yaghini E, Dondi R, Tewari KM, Loizidou M, Eggleston IM, MacRobert AJ. Endolysosomal targeting of a clinical chlorin photosensitiser for light-triggered delivery of nano-sized medicines. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6059. [PMID: 28729656 PMCID: PMC5519633 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06109-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A major problem with many promising nano-sized biotherapeutics including macromolecules is that owing to their size they are subject to cellular uptake via endocytosis, and become entrapped and then degraded within endolysosomes, which can significantly impair their therapeutic efficacy. Photochemical internalisation (PCI) is a technique for inducing cytosolic release of the entrapped agents that harnesses sub-lethal photodynamic therapy (PDT) using a photosensitiser that localises in endolysosomal membranes. Using light to trigger reactive oxygen species-mediated rupture of the photosensitised endolysosomal membranes, the spatio-temporal selectivity of PCI then enables cytosolic release of the agents at the selected time after administration so that they can reach their intracellular targets. However, conventional photosensitisers used clinically for PDT are ineffective for photochemical internalisation owing to their sub-optimal intracellular localisation. In this work we demonstrate that such a photosensitiser, chlorin e6, can be repurposed for PCI by conjugating the chlorin to a cell penetrating peptide, using bioorthogonal ligation chemistry. The peptide conjugation enables targeting of endosomal membranes so that light-triggered cytosolic release of an entrapped nano-sized cytotoxin can be achieved with consequent improvement in cytotoxicity. The photoproperties of the chlorin moiety are also conserved, with comparable singlet oxygen quantum yields found to the free chlorin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Yaghini
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PE, UK.
| | - Ruggero Dondi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Kunal M Tewari
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Marilena Loizidou
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PE, UK
| | - Ian M Eggleston
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Alexander J MacRobert
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PE, UK.
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Battah
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, U.K
- Division
of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Charles
Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7JE, U.K
| | - Robert C. Hider
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, 150 Stamford
Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Alexander J. MacRobert
- Division
of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Charles
Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7JE, U.K
| | - Paul S. Dobbin
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, U.K
| | - Tao Zhou
- School
of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China
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34
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Martinez de Pinillos Bayona A, Woodhams JH, Pye H, Hamoudi RA, Moore CM, MacRobert AJ. Efficacy of photochemical internalisation using disulfonated chlorin and porphyrin photosensitisers: An in vitro study in 2D and 3D prostate cancer models. Cancer Lett 2017; 393:68-75. [PMID: 28223166 PMCID: PMC5360193 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study shows the therapeutic outcome of Photochemical Internalisation (PCI) in prostate cancer in vitro surpasses that of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) and could improve prostate PDT in the clinic, whilst avoiding chemotherapeutics side effects. In addition, the study assesses the potential of PCI with two different photosensitisers (TPCS2a and TPPS2a) in prostate cancer cells (human PC3 and rat MatLyLu) using standard 2D monolayer culture and 3D biomimetic model. Photosensitisers were used alone for photodynamic therapy (PDT) or with the cytotoxin saporin (PCI). TPPS2a and TPCS2a were shown to be located in discrete cytoplasmic vesicles before light treatment and redistribute into the cytosol upon light excitation. PC3 cells exhibit a higher uptake than MatLyLu cells for both photosensitisers. In the 2D model, PCI resulted in greater cell death than PDT alone in both cell lines. In 3D model, morphological changes were also observed. Saporin-based toxicity was negligible in PC3 cells, but pronounced in MatLyLu cells (IC50 = 18 nM). In conclusion, the study showed that tumour features such as tumour cell growth rate or interaction with drugs determine therapeutic conditions for optimal photochemical treatment in metastatic prostate cancer. The efficacy of PCI surpasses that of PDT in vitro. PCI could improve prostate cancer treatment and minimise side effects. 3D model observations confirm findings in previous 2D PCI investigations. Tumour features (i.e. doubling rate, interaction with drugs) will determine conditions for optimal photochemical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josephine H Woodhams
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley Pye
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rifat A Hamoudi
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom; College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Caroline M Moore
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J MacRobert
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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35
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Macdonald TJ, Wu K, Sehmi SK, Noimark S, Peveler WJ, du Toit H, Voelcker NH, Allan E, MacRobert AJ, Gavriilidis A, Parkin IP. Thiol-Capped Gold Nanoparticles Swell-Encapsulated into Polyurethane as Powerful Antibacterial Surfaces Under Dark and Light Conditions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39272. [PMID: 27982122 PMCID: PMC5159832 DOI: 10.1038/srep39272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple procedure to develop antibacterial surfaces using thiol-capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is shown, which effectively kill bacteria under dark and light conditions. The effect of AuNP size and concentration on photo-activated antibacterial surfaces is reported and we show significant size effects, as well as bactericidal activity with crystal violet (CV) coated polyurethane. These materials have been proven to be powerful antibacterial surfaces against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. AuNPs of 2, 3 or 5 nm diameter were swell-encapsulated into PU before a coating of CV was applied (known as PU-AuNPs-CV). The antibacterial activity of PU-AuNPs-CV samples was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as representative Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria under dark and light conditions. All light conditions in this study simulated a typical white-light hospital environment. This work demonstrates that the antibacterial activity of PU-AuNPs-CV samples and the synergistic enhancement of photoactivity of triarylmethane type dyes is highly dependent on nanoparticle size and concentration. The most powerful PU-AuNPs-CV antibacterial surfaces were achieved using 1.0 mg mL-1 swell encapsulation concentrations of 2 nm AuNPs. After two hours, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were reduced to below the detection limit (>4 log) under dark and light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Sandeep K. Sehmi
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Sacha Noimark
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - William J. Peveler
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Hendrik du Toit
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas H. Voelcker
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, 5095, Australia
| | - Elaine Allan
- Division of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Grays Inn Road, London, WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J. MacRobert
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Asterios Gavriilidis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan P. Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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36
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Dondi R, Yaghini E, Tewari KM, Wang L, Giuntini F, Loizidou M, MacRobert AJ, Eggleston IM. Flexible synthesis of cationic peptide-porphyrin derivatives for light-triggered drug delivery and photodynamic therapy. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:11488-11501. [PMID: 27886311 PMCID: PMC5166568 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02135b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Efficient syntheses of cell-penetrating peptide-porphyrin conjugates are described using a variety of bioconjugation chemistries. This provides a flexible means to convert essentially hydrophobic tetrapyrolle photosensitisers into amphiphilic derivatives which are well-suited for use in light-triggered drug delivery by photochemical internalisation (PCI) and targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dondi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - E Yaghini
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - K M Tewari
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - L Wang
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK. and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - F Giuntini
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - M Loizidou
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - A J MacRobert
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - I M Eggleston
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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37
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Banerjee SM, MacRobert AJ, Mosse CA, Periera B, Bown SG, Keshtgar MRS. Photodynamic therapy: Inception to application in breast cancer. Breast 2016; 31:105-113. [PMID: 27833041 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is already being used in the treatment of many cancers. This review examines its components and the new developments in our understanding of its immunological effects as well as pre-clinical and clinical studies, which have investigated its potential use in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Banerjee
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, UK
| | - A J MacRobert
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, UK
| | - C A Mosse
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, UK
| | - B Periera
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - S G Bown
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, UK
| | - M R S Keshtgar
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, UK.
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38
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Sehmi SK, Allan E, MacRobert AJ, Parkin I. The bactericidal activity of glutaraldehyde-impregnated polyurethane. Microbiologyopen 2016; 5:891-897. [PMID: 27255793 PMCID: PMC5061724 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although glutaraldehyde is known to be bactericidal in solution, its potential use to create novel antibacterial polymers suitable for use in healthcare environments has not been evaluated. Here, novel materials were prepared in which glutaraldehyde was either incorporated into polyurethane using a simple "swell-encapsulation-shrink" method (hereafter referred to as "glutaraldehyde-impregnated polyurethane"), or simply applied to the polymer surface (hereafter referred to as "glutaraldehyde-coated polyurethane"). The antibacterial activity of glutaraldehyde-impregnated and glutaraldehyde-coated polyurethane samples was tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Glutaraldehyde-impregnated polyurethane resulted in a 99.9% reduction in the numbers of E. coli within 2 h and a similar reduction of S. aureus within 1 h, whereas only a minimal reduction in bacterial numbers was observed when the biocide was bound to the polymer surface. After 15 days, however, the bactericidal activity of the impregnated material was substantially reduced presumably due to polymerization of glutaraldehyde. Thus, although glutaraldehyde retains antibacterial activity when impregnated into polyurethane, activity is not maintained for extended periods of time. Future work should examine the potential of chemical modification of glutaraldehyde and/or polyurethane to improve the useful lifespan of this novel antibacterial polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K Sehmi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Chemistry Research Centre, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
- Division of Microbial Disease, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Allan
- Division of Microbial Disease, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J MacRobert
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Chemistry Research Centre, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom.
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39
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Yaghini E, Turner HD, Le Marois AM, Suhling K, Naasani I, MacRobert AJ. In vivo biodistribution studies and ex vivo lymph node imaging using heavy metal-free quantum dots. Biomaterials 2016; 104:182-91. [PMID: 27454064 PMCID: PMC4993815 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are attractive photoluminescence probes for biomedical imaging due to their unique photophysical properties. However, the potential toxicity of QDs has remained a major obstacle to their clinical use because they commonly incorporate the toxic heavy metal cadmium within the core of the QDs. In this work, we have evaluated a novel type of heavy metal-free/cadmium-free and biocompatible QD nanoparticles (bio CFQD(®) nanoparticles) with a good photoluminescence quantum yield. Sentinel lymph node mapping is an increasingly important treatment option in the management of breast cancer. We have demonstrated their potential for lymph node mapping by ex vivo imaging of regional lymph nodes after subcutaneous injection in the paw of rats. Using photoluminescence imaging and chemical extraction measurements based on elemental analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy, the quantum dots are shown to accumulate quickly and selectively in the axillary and thoracic regional lymph nodes. In addition, lifetime imaging microscopy of the QD photoluminescence indicates minimal perturbation to their photoluminescence properties in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Yaghini
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science and Institute of Healthcare Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Helen D Turner
- Nanoco Technologies Ltd., 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Klaus Suhling
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Imad Naasani
- Nanoco Technologies Ltd., 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, UK
| | - Alexander J MacRobert
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science and Institute of Healthcare Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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40
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Sehmi S, Noimark S, Pike S, Bear JC, Peveler WJ, Williams CK, Shaffer MSP, Allan E, Parkin IP, MacRobert AJ. Enhancing the Antibacterial Activity of Light-Activated Surfaces Containing Crystal Violet and ZnO Nanoparticles: Investigation of Nanoparticle Size, Capping Ligand, and Dopants. ACS Omega 2016; 1:334-343. [PMID: 27840856 PMCID: PMC5098237 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare-associated infections pose a serious risk for patients, staff, and visitors and are a severe burden on the National Health Service, costing at least £1 billion annually. Antimicrobial surfaces significantly contribute toward reducing the incidence of infections as they prevent bacterial adhesion and cause bacterial cell death. Using a simple, easily upscalable swell-encapsulation-shrink method, novel antimicrobial surfaces have been developed by incorporating metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) and crystal violet (CV) dye into medical-grade polyurethane sheets. This study compares the bactericidal effects of polyurethane incorporating ZnO, Mg-doped ZnO, and MgO. All metal oxide NPs are well defined, with average diameters ranging from 2 to 18 nm. These materials demonstrate potent bactericidal activity when tested against clinically relevant bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, these composites are tested against an epidemic strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) that is rife in hospitals throughout the UK. Furthermore, we have tested these materials using a low light intensity (∼500 lx), similar to that present in many clinical environments. The highest activity is achieved from polymer composites incorporating CV and ∼3 nm ZnO NPs, and the different performances of the metal oxides have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep
K. Sehmi
- UCL
Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, U.K.
- Materials
Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
- Division
of Microbial Disease, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray’s Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, U.K.
| | - Sacha Noimark
- Department
of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E
6BT, U.K.
| | - Sebastian
D. Pike
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Joseph C. Bear
- Materials
Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - William J. Peveler
- Materials
Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Charlotte K. Williams
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Milo S. P. Shaffer
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Elaine Allan
- Division
of Microbial Disease, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray’s Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, U.K.
| | - Ivan P. Parkin
- Materials
Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Alexander J. MacRobert
- UCL
Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, U.K.
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41
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Noimark S, Salvadori E, Gómez-Bombarelli R, MacRobert AJ, Parkin IP, Kay CWM. Comparative study of singlet oxygen production by photosensitiser dyes encapsulated in silicone: towards rational design of anti-microbial surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:28101-28109. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02529c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical and experimental toolbox for the rational design of light-activated antimicrobial surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Noimark
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London WC1H 0AJ
- UK
| | - Enrico Salvadori
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology and London Centre for Nanotechnology University College London
- London WC1E 6BT
- UK
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
- Queen Mary University of London
| | | | - Alexander J. MacRobert
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science
- University College London
- London WCIE 6AU
- UK
| | - Ivan P. Parkin
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London WC1H 0AJ
- UK
| | - Christopher W. M. Kay
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology and London Centre for Nanotechnology University College London
- London WC1E 6BT
- UK
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Zhou T, Shao LL, Battah S, Zhu CF, Hider RC, Reeder BJ, Jabeen A, MacRobert AJ, Ren G, Liang X. Design and synthesis of 5-aminolaevulinic acid/3-hydroxypyridinone conjugates for photodynamic therapy: enhancement of protoporphyrin IX production and photo-toxicity in tumor cells. Med Chem Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00040a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of ALA-HPO conjugates was prepared. One such conjugate was found to possess high phototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology
- Zhejiang Gongshang University
- Hangzhou
- PR China
| | - Le-Le Shao
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology
- Zhejiang Gongshang University
- Hangzhou
- PR China
| | - Sinan Battah
- Biological Sciences Department
- University of Essex
- UK
| | - Chun-Feng Zhu
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology
- Zhejiang Gongshang University
- Hangzhou
- PR China
| | - Robert C. Hider
- Division of Pharmaceutical Science
- King's College London
- London
- UK
| | | | - Asma Jabeen
- Biological Sciences Department
- University of Essex
- UK
| | | | - Gerui Ren
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology
- Zhejiang Gongshang University
- Hangzhou
- PR China
| | - Xinle Liang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology
- Zhejiang Gongshang University
- Hangzhou
- PR China
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43
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Ponja SD, Sehmi SK, Allan E, MacRobert AJ, Parkin IP, Carmalt CJ. Enhanced Bactericidal Activity of Silver Thin Films Deposited via Aerosol-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:28616-28623. [PMID: 26632854 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b10171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Silver thin films were deposited on SiO2-barrier-coated float glass, fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass, Activ glass, and TiO2-coated float glass via AACVD using silver nitrate at 350 °C. The films were annealed at 600 °C and analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV/vis/near-IR spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. All the films were crystalline, and the silver was present in its elemental form and of nanometer dimension. The antibacterial activity of these samples was tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in the dark and under UV light (365 nm). All Ag-deposited films reduced the numbers of E. coli by 99.9% within 6 h and the numbers of S. aureus by 99.9% within only 2 h. FTO/Ag reduced bacterial numbers of E. coli to below the detection limit after 60 min and caused a 99.9% reduction of S. aureus within only 15 min of UV irradiation. Activ/Ag reduced the numbers of S. aureus by 66.6% after 60 min and TiO2/Ag killed 99.9% of S. aureus within 60 min of UV exposure. More remarkably, we observed a 99.9% reduction in the numbers of E. coli within 6 h and the numbers of S. aureus within 4 h in the dark using our novel TiO2/Ag system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna D Ponja
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London , 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Sandeep K Sehmi
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London , 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London , 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1 W7EJ, United Kingdom
- Division of Microbial Disease, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London , 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Allan
- Division of Microbial Disease, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London , 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J MacRobert
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London , 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1 W7EJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London , 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Claire J Carmalt
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London , 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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44
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Sehmi SK, Noimark S, Weiner J, Allan E, MacRobert AJ, Parkin IP. Potent Antibacterial Activity of Copper Embedded into Silicone and Polyurethane. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:22807-22813. [PMID: 26418101 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A simple, easily up-scalable swell-encapsulation-shrink technique was used to incorporate small 2.5 nm copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) into two widely used medical grade polymers, polyurethane, and silicone, with no significant impact on polymer coloration. Both medical grade polymers with incorporated CuNPs demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity against the clinically relevant bacteria, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. CuNP-incorporated silicone samples displayed potent antibacterial activity against both bacteria within 6 h. CuNP-incorporated polyurethane exhibited more efficacious antimicrobial activity, resulting in a 99.9% reduction in the numbers of both bacteria within just 2 h. With the high prevalence of hospital-acquired infections, the use of antimicrobial materials such as these CuNP-incorporated polymers could contribute to reducing microbial contamination associated with frequently touched surfaces in and around hospital wards (e.g., bed rails, overbed tables, push plates, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K Sehmi
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London , 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London , 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ, United Kingdom
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London , 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom
| | - Sacha Noimark
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London , 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedicals Engineering, University College London , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Weiner
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London , Imperial College Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Allan
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London , 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J MacRobert
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London , 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London , 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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45
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Kleemann D, MacRobert AJ, Mentzel T, Brown SG. Experimental photodynamic therapy of the larynx using 5-aminolaevulinic acid. Adv Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 49:36-8. [PMID: 7653381 DOI: 10.1159/000424335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Kleemann
- National Medical Laser Centre, Department of Surgery, University College, London, UK
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46
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Martinez de Pinillos Bayona A, Moore CM, Loizidou M, MacRobert AJ, Woodhams JH. Enhancing the efficacy of cytotoxic agents for cancer therapy using photochemical internalisation. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:1049-57. [PMID: 25758607 PMCID: PMC4973841 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical internalisation (PCI) is a technique for improving cellular delivery of certain bioactive agents which are prone to sequestration within endolysosomes. There is a wide range of agents suitable for PCI‐based delivery including toxins, oligonucleotides, genes and immunoconjugates which demonstrates the versatility of this technique. The basic mechanism of PCI involves triggering release of the agent from endolysosomes within the target cells using a photosensitiser which is selectively retained with the endolysosomal membranes. Excitation of the photosensitiser by visible light leads to disruption of the membranes via photooxidative damage thereby releasing the agent into the cytosol. This treatment enables the drugs to reach their intended subcellular target more efficiently and improves their efficacy. In this review we summarise the applications of this technique with the main emphasis placed on cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline M Moore
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marilena Loizidou
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J MacRobert
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Josephine H Woodhams
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Sehmi SK, Noimark S, Bear JC, Peveler WJ, Bovis M, Allan E, MacRobert AJ, Parkin IP. Lethal photosensitisation of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using crystal violet and zinc oxide-encapsulated polyurethane. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:6490-6500. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00971e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bactericidal polymer surfaces were prepared by crystal violet and ZnO nanoparticle encapsulation, demonstrating 99.9% dark kill ofE. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K. Sehmi
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | - Sacha Noimark
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | - Joseph C. Bear
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | - William J. Peveler
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | - Melissa Bovis
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | - Elaine Allan
- Division of Microbial Diseases
- UCL Eastman Dental Institute
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | | | - Ivan P. Parkin
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London
- UK
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48
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Yaghini E, Pirker KF, Kay CWM, Seifalian AM, MacRobert AJ. Quantification of reactive oxygen species generation by photoexcitation of PEGylated quantum dots. Small 2014; 10:5106-5115. [PMID: 25164061 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from quantum dots (QDs) has been widely reported yet quantitative studies of ROS formation and their quantum yields are lacking. This study investigates the generation of ROS by water soluble PEGylated CdSe/ZnS QDs with red emission. PEGylation of QDs is commonly used to confer water solubility and minimise uptake by organs of the reticuloendothelial system; therefore studies of ROS formation are of biomedical relevance. Using non-photolytic visible wavelength excitation, the superoxide anion radical is shown to be the primary ROS species generated with a quantum efficiency of 0.35%. The yield can be significantly enhanced in the presence of the electron donor, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), as demonstrated by oxygen consumption measurements and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy with in situ illumination. Direct production of singlet oxygen is not detectable from the QDs alone. A comparison is made with ROS generation by the same QDs complexed with a sulfonated phthalocyanine which can generate singlet oxygen via Förster resonance energy transfer between the QDs and the phthalocyanine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Yaghini
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, Charles Bell House, University College London, London, W1W 7EJ, UK
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49
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Di Venosa G, Vallecorsa P, Giuntini F, Mamone L, Batlle A, Vanzuli S, Juarranz A, MacRobert AJ, Eggleston IM, Casas A. The Use of Dipeptide Derivatives of 5-Aminolaevulinic Acid Promotes Their Entry to Tumor Cells and Improves Tumor Selectivity of Photodynamic Therapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 14:440-51. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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50
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Gooding M, Adigbli D, Edith Chan AW, Melander RJ, MacRobert AJ, Selwood DL. A bifurcated proteoglycan binding small molecule carrier for siRNA delivery. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 84:24-35. [PMID: 24472581 PMCID: PMC4286013 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A wider application of siRNA- and miRNA- based therapeutics is restricted by the currently available delivery systems. We have designed a new type of small molecule carrier (SMoC) system for siRNA modeled to interact with cell surface proteoglycans. This bifurcated SMoC has similar affinity for the model proteoglycan heparin to an equivalent polyarginine peptide and exhibits significant mRNA knockdown of protein levels comparable to lipofectamine and the previously reported linear SMoC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Gooding
- The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, UCL, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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