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Pramana A, Firmanda A, Arnata IW, Sartika D, Sari EO. Reduction of biofilm and pathogenic microorganisms using curcumin-mediated photodynamic inactivation to prolong food shelf-life. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 425:110866. [PMID: 39146626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Pathogenic microbial contamination (bacteria and fungi) in food products during production poses a significant global health risk, leading to food waste, greenhouse gas emissions, and aesthetic and financial losses. Bacteria and fungi, by forming solid biofilms, enhance their resistance to antimicrobial agents, thereby increasing the potential for cross-contamination of food products. Curcumin molecule-mediated photodynamic inactivation (Cur-m-PDI) technology has shown promising results in sterilizing microbial contaminants and their biofilms, significantly contributing to food preservation without compromising quality. Photosensitizers (curcumin) absorb light, leading to a chemical reaction with oxygen and producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) that effectively reduce bacteria, fungi, and biofilms. The mechanism of microorganism inhibition is caused by exposure to ROS generated via the type 1 pathway involving electron transfer (such as O2•-, H2O2, -OH•, and other radicals), the type 2 pathway involving energy transfer (such as 1O2), secondary ROS, and weakening of antioxidant enzymes. The effectiveness of the inactivation of microorganisms is influenced by the concentration of curcumin, light (source type and energy density), oxygen availability, and duration of exposure. This article reviews the mechanism of reducing microbial food contamination and inhibiting their biofilms through Cur-m-PDI. It also highlights future directions, challenges, and considerations related to the effects of ROS in oxidizing food, the toxicity of PDI to living cells and tissues, conditions/types of food products, and the stability and degradation of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angga Pramana
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru 28292, Indonesia.
| | - Afrinal Firmanda
- Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - I Wayan Arnata
- Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Udayana University, Badung, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Dewi Sartika
- Faculty of Agriculture, Muhammadiyah University of Makassar, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Esty Octiana Sari
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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Kubizna M, Dawiec G, Wiench R. Efficacy of Curcumin-Mediated Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy on Candida spp.-A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8136. [PMID: 39125706 PMCID: PMC11311843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral candidiasis is a common problem among immunocompetent patients. The frequent resistance of Candida strains to popular antimycotics makes it necessary to look for alternative methods of treatment. The authors conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The objective of this review was to determine if curcumin-mediated blue light could be considered as an alternative treatment for oral candidiasis. PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases were searched using a combination of the following keywords: (Candida OR candidiasis oral OR candidiasis oral OR denture stomatitis) AND (curcumin OR photodynamic therapy OR apt OR photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy OR PACT OR photodynamic inactivation OR PDI). The review included in vitro laboratory studies with Candida spp., in vivo animal studies, and randomized control trials (RCTs) involving patients with oral candidiasis or prosthetic stomatitis, published only in English. The method of elimination of Candida species in the studies was curcumin-mediated aPDT. A total of 757 studies were identified. Following the analysis of the titles and abstracts of the studies, only 42 studies were selected for in-depth screening, after which 26 were included in this study. All studies evaluated the antifungal efficacy of curcumin-mediated aPDT against C. albicans and non-albicans Candida. In studies conducted with planktonic cells solutions, seven studies demonstrated complete elimination of Candida spp. cells. The remaining studies demonstrated only partial elimination. In all cases, experiments on single-species yeast biofilms demonstrated partial, statistically significant inhibition of cell growth and reduction in biofilm mass. In vivo, curcumin-mediated aPDT has shown good antifungal activity against oral candidiasis also in an animal model. However, its clinical efficacy as a potent therapeutic strategy for oral candidiasis requires few further RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kubizna
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.); (G.D.)
| | - Grzegorz Dawiec
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.); (G.D.)
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chair of Pediatric Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Rafał Wiench
- Department of Periodontal Diseases and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
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Bu F, Kang X, Tang D, Liu F, Chen L, Zhang P, Feng W, Yu Y, Li G, Xiao H, Wang X. Enhancing near-infrared II photodynamic therapy with nitric oxide for eradicating multidrug-resistant biofilms in deep tissues. Bioact Mater 2024; 33:341-354. [PMID: 38107603 PMCID: PMC10724540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) enhanced photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising approach to overcome drug tolerance and resistance to biofilm but is limited by its short excitation wavelengths and low yield of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Herein, we develop a compelling degradable polymer-based near-infrared II (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) photosensitizer (PNIR-II), which can maintain 50 % PDT efficacy even under a 2.6 cm tissue barrier. Remarkably, PNIR-II is synthesized by alternately connecting the electron donor thiophene to the electron acceptors diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY), where the intramolecular charge transfer properties can be tuned to increase the intersystem crossover rate and decrease the internal conversion rate, thereby stabilizing the NIR-II photodynamic rather than photothermal effect. For exerting a combination therapy to eradicate multidrug-resistant biofilms, PNIR-II is further assembled into nanoparticles (NPs) with a synthetic glutathione-triggered NO donor polymer. Under 1064 nm laser radiation, NPs precisely release ROS and NO that triggered by over-expressed GSH in the biofilm microenvironment, thereby forming more bactericidal reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in vitro and in vivo in the mice model that orderly destroy biofilm of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus cultures from clinical patients. It thus provides a new outlook for destroy the biofilm of deep tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanqiang Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Xiaoxu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratories of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Oncology of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, PR China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Wenli Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Yingjie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Guofeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Haihua Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratories of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Xing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
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Aghili SS, Jahangirnia A, Alam M, Oskouei AB, Golkar M, Badkoobeh A, Abbasi K, Mohammadikhah M, Karami S, Soufdoost RS, Namanloo RA, Talebi S, Amookhteh S, Hemmat M, Sadeghi S. The effect of photodynamic therapy in controlling the oral biofilm: A comprehensive overview. J Basic Microbiol 2023; 63:1319-1347. [PMID: 37726220 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Several resistance mechanisms are involved in dental caries, including oral biofilms. An accumulation of bacteria on the surface of teeth is called plaque. Periodontitis and gingivitis are caused by dental plaque. In this review article, we aimed to review the studies associated with the application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) to prevent and treat various microbial biofilm-caused oral diseases in recent decades. There are several studies published in PubMed that have described antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) effects on microorganisms. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the potential of APDT for treating endodontic, periodontal, and mucosal infections caused by bacteria as biofilms. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are activated in the presence of oxygen by integrating a nontoxic photosensitizer (PS) with appropriate wavelength visible light. By causing irreversible damage to microorganisms, ROS induces some biological and photochemical events. Testing several wavelengths has been conducted to identify potential PS for APDT. A standard protocol is not yet available, and the current review summarizes findings from dental studies on APDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Sara Aghili
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mostafa Alam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asal Bagherzadeh Oskouei
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Golkar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Badkoobeh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Kamyar Abbasi
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Mohammadikhah
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Sahar Talebi
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samira Amookhteh
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Hemmat
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sima Sadeghi
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Wolnicka-Glubisz A, Wisniewska-Becker A. Dual Action of Curcumin as an Anti- and Pro-Oxidant from a Biophysical Perspective. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1725. [PMID: 37760028 PMCID: PMC10525529 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, a natural polyphenol widely used as a spice, colorant and food additive, has been shown to have therapeutic effects against different disorders, mostly due to its anti-oxidant properties. Curcumin also reduces the efficiency of melanin synthesis and affects cell membranes. However, curcumin can act as a pro-oxidant when blue light is applied, since upon illumination it can generate singlet oxygen. Our review aims to describe this dual role of curcumin from a biophysical perspective, bearing in mind its concentration, bioavailability-enhancing modifications and membrane interactions, as well as environmental conditions such as light. In low concentrations and without irradiation, curcumin shows positive effects and can be recommended as a beneficial food supplement. On the other hand, when used in excess or irradiated, curcumin can be toxic. Therefore, numerous attempts have been undertaken to test curcumin as a potential photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT). At that point, we underline that curcumin-based PDT is limited to the treatment of superficial tumors or skin and oral infections due to the weak penetration of blue light. Additionally, we conclude that an increase in curcumin bioavailability through the using nanocarriers, and therefore its concentration, as well as its topical use if skin is exposed to light, may be dangerous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Wolnicka-Glubisz
- Department of Biophysics and Cancer Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Wisniewska-Becker
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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Leferman CE, Stoica L, Tiglis M, Stoica BA, Hancianu M, Ciubotaru AD, Salaru DL, Badescu AC, Bogdanici CM, Ciureanu IA, Ghiciuc CM. Overcoming Drug Resistance in a Clinical C. albicans Strain Using Photoactivated Curcumin as an Adjuvant. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1230. [PMID: 37627652 PMCID: PMC10451318 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The limited antifungal drugs available and the rise of multidrug-resistant Candida species have made the efforts to improve antifungal therapies paramount. To this end, our research focused on the effect of a combined treatment between chemical and photodynamic therapy (PDT) towards a fluconazole-resistant clinical Candida albicans strain. The co-treatment of PDT and curcumin in various doses with fluconazole (FLC) had an inhibitory effect on the growth of the FLC-resistant hospital strain of C. albicans in both difusimetric and broth microdilution methods. The proliferation of the cells was inhibited in the presence of curcumin at 3.125 µM and FLC at 41 µM concentrations. The possible involvement of oxidative stress was analyzed by adding menadione and glutathione as a prooxidant and antioxidant, respectively. In addition, we examined the photoactivated curcumin effect on efflux pumps, a mechanism often linked to drug resistance. Nile Red accumulation assays were used to evaluate efflux pumps activity through fluorescence microscopy and spectrofluorometry. The results showed that photoactivated curcumin at 3.125 µM inhibited the transport of the fluorescent substrate that cells usually expel, indicating its potential in combating drug resistance. Overall, the findings suggest that curcumin, particularly when combined with PDT, can effectively inhibit the growth of FLC-resistant C. albicans, addressing the challenge of yeast resistance to azole antifungals through upregulating multidrug transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen-Ecaterina Leferman
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Specialties II, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.-E.L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Laura Stoica
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mirela Tiglis
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Emergency Clinical Hospital of Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Alexandru Stoica
- Department of Biochemistry, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Monica Hancianu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alin Dumitru Ciubotaru
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Specialties II, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.-E.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Neurology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Aida Corina Badescu
- Department of Microbiology (Bacteriology, Virology) and Parasitology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Ioan-Adrian Ciureanu
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina-Mihaela Ghiciuc
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Specialties II, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.-E.L.)
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Al-Ghamdi ARS, Khanam HK, Qamar Z, Abdul NS, Reddy N, Vempalli S, Noushad M, Alqahtani WMS. Therapeutic efficacy of adjunctive photodynamic therapy in the treatment of denture stomatitis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103326. [PMID: 36773753 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present report assessed the efficacy of curcumin-mediated photodynamic therapy (CUR-mediated PDT) as an adjunct to antifungal gel treatment by evaluating the salivary interleukin-6 (IL-6) and matrix metalloproteinases-8 (MMP-8) levels together with Candida species counts in denture stomatitis (DS) patients. METHODS In total, 50 DS subjects were randomly categorized into 2 groups: Group-1: subjects who received the antifungal gel treatment and Group-2: participants who received CUR-mediated PDT. The Sabourad Dextrose Agar and CHROMAgar were utilized for evaluating Candida species counts, while the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay was employed to estimate the salivary levels of IL-6 and MMP-8. All clinical evaluations were performed at the baseline, 1 month, and 2 months. RESULTS In total, group-2 subjects showed a significant decrease in Candida albicans (C. albicans) counts on both follow-ups (i.e., 1-month and 2-month) than group-1 participants. C. krusei count also reduced in group-2 subejcts than group-1 participants at the 2nd follow-up as compared to the baseline, nevertheless, a slight increase in C. krusei count was noticed in group-2 subjects at the 2nd follow-up than the 1st follow-up. The salivary IL-6 and MMP-8 levels in both groups reduced significantly at both follow-ups than the baseline. According to the stepwise logistic regression analysis, no statistically significant correlation was observed between Candida species count and other parameters such as age and gender of the patient, duration of DS, and frequency of treatment(s). CONCLUSION CUR-mediated PDT is an efficaciousness therapeutic modality for alleviating Candida species counts on the surface of denture and the palatal mucosa, as well as improving the salivary IL-6 and MMP-8 levels in DS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rahman Saeed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hm Khuthija Khanam
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zeeshan Qamar
- Department of O&MFS and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nishath Sayed Abdul
- Department of OMFS and Diagnostic Sciences (Oral Pathology), Faculty of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naveen Reddy
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Swetha Vempalli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Noushad
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Waleed M S Alqahtani
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Kolarikova M, Hosikova B, Dilenko H, Barton-Tomankova K, Valkova L, Bajgar R, Malina L, Kolarova H. Photodynamic therapy: Innovative approaches for antibacterial and anticancer treatments. Med Res Rev 2023. [PMID: 36757198 DOI: 10.1002/med.21935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is an alternative treatment mainly for cancer but also for bacterial infections. This treatment dates back to 1900 when a German medical school graduate Oscar Raab found a photodynamic effect while doing research for his doctoral dissertation with Professor Hermann von Tappeiner. Unexpectedly, Raab revealed that the toxicity of acridine on paramecium depends on the intensity of light in his laboratory. Photodynamic therapy is therefore based on the administration of a photosensitizer with subsequent light irradiation within the absorption maxima of this substance followed by reactive oxygen species formation and finally cell death. Although this treatment is not a novelty, there is an endeavor for various modifications to the therapy. For example, selectivity and efficiency of the photosensitizer, as well as irradiation with various types of light sources are still being modified to improve final results of the photodynamic therapy. The main aim of this review is to summarize anticancer and antibacterial modifications, namely various compounds, approaches, and techniques, to enhance the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Kolarikova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Hosikova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hanna Dilenko
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Barton-Tomankova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Valkova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Bajgar
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Malina
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kolarova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Reina BD, Santezi C, Malheiros SS, Calixto G, Rodero C, Victorelli FD, Chorilli M, Dovigo LN. Liquid crystal precursor system as a vehicle for curcumin-mediated photodynamic inactivation of oral biofilms. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202200040. [PMID: 36169026 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin has great potential as a photosensitizer, but it has low solubility in aqueous solutions. This study reports the antimicrobial efficacy of photodynamic inactivation (PDI) mediated by a curcumin-loaded liquid crystal precursor (LCP) on in situ dental biofilms. Thirty volunteers used intraoral devices containing enamel samples for 48 hours for biofilm formation. The samples were then removed from the device and treated either with LCP with 160 μM of curcumin plus illumination at 18 J/cm2 (C + L+ group) or with LCP without curcumin in the dark (C - L - group). Following this, the biofilm from the samples was plated for quantifying the viable colonies at 37°C for 48 hours. Specific and nonspecific media were used for the presumptive isolation of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus species/aciduric microorganisms, Candida species, and total microbiota. The C + L+ group showed a highly significant (P < .001) reduction in the log10 (colony forming units/mL) values as compared to the C - L - group for all culture media. Hierarchical linear regression indicated that there may be predictors at individual volunteer level explaining the difference in the PDI efficacy among different individuals (P = .001). The LCP system retained curcumin and released it slowly and continuously, thus protecting the drug from photodegradation. LCP with curcumin is considered effective for the photoinactivation of dental biofilms, but the PDI efficacy may differ based on the host's individual characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Donadon Reina
- Department of Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry-São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Carolina Santezi
- Independent Researcher at the Moment of the Submission (Unaffiliated Researcher), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Samuel Santana Malheiros
- Department of Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry-São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Giovana Calixto
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School - University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Camila Rodero
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Francesca Damiani Victorelli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Lívia Nordi Dovigo
- Department of Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry-São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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Dias LM, Klein MI, Ferrisse TM, Medeiros KS, Jordão CC, Bellini A, Pavarina AC. The Effect of Sub-Lethal Successive Applications of Photodynamic Therapy on Candida albicans Biofilm Depends on the Photosensitizer. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9010111. [PMID: 36675932 PMCID: PMC9861309 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the potential of successive applications of sub-lethal doses of the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) mediated by Photodithazine® (PDZ) and curcumin (CUR) associated with LED in the viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and gene expression of Candida albicans. The microbial assays were performed using planktonic cultures and biofilms. Ten successive applications (Apl#) were performed: aPDT (P+L+; C+L+), photosensitizer (P+L-; C+L-), and LED (P-L+; C-L+). Control groups were used (P-L-; C-L-). The viability of C. albicans was determined by cultivating treated cultures on agar plates with or without fluconazole (FLU). In addition, the ROS detection and expression of SOD1, CAP1, and ERG11 genes were determined. For planktonic cultures, no viable colonies were observed after Apl#3 (without FLU) and Apl#2 (with FLU) for either photosensitizer. Biofilm treated with P+L+ resulted in the absence of cell viability after Apl#7, while C+L+ showed ~1.40 log10 increase in cell viability after Apl#2, regardless of FLU. For both photosensitizers, after the last application with viable colonies, the production of ROS was higher in the biofilms than in the planktonic cultures, and SOD1 expression was the highest in P+L+. A reduction of CAP1 and ERG11 expression occurred after P+L+, regardless of FLU. C+L+ had a higher level of ROS, and the treatments were non-significant for gene expression. Sub-lethal doses of aPDT mediated by CUR could induce C. albicans resistance in biofilms, while C. albicans cells in biofilms were susceptible to aPDT mediated by PDZ.
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Trigo-Gutierrez JK, Calori IR, de Oliveira Bárbara G, Pavarina AC, Gonçalves RS, Caetano W, Tedesco AC, Mima EGDO. Photo-responsive polymeric micelles for the light-triggered release of curcumin targeting antimicrobial activity. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1132781. [PMID: 37152758 PMCID: PMC10157243 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1132781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanocarriers have been successfully used to solubilize, deliver, and increase the bioavailability of curcumin (CUR), but slow CUR release rates hinder its use as a topical photosensitizer in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. A photo-responsive polymer (PRP) was designed for the light-triggered release of CUR with an effective light activation-dependent antimicrobial response. The characterization of the PRP was compared with non-responsive micelles comprising Pluronics™ P123 and F127. According to the findings, the PRP formed photo-responsive micelles in the nanometric scale (< 100 nm) with a lower critical micelle concentration (3.74 × 10-4 M-1, 5.8 × 10-4 M-1, and 7.2 × 10-6 M-1 for PRP, F127, P123, respectively, at 25°C) and higher entrapment efficiency of CUR (88.7, 77.2, and 72.3% for PRP, F127, and P123 micelles, respectively) than the pluronics evaluated. The PRP provided enhanced protection of CUR compared to P123 micelles, as demonstrated in fluorescence quenching studies. The light-triggered release of CUR from PRP occurred with UV light irradiation (at 355 nm and 25 mW cm-2) and a cumulative release of 88.34% of CUR within 1 h compared to 80% from pluronics after 36 h. In vitro studies showed that CUR-loaded PRP was non-toxic to mammal cell, showed inactivation of the pathogenic microorganisms Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and decreased biofilm biomass when associated with blue light (455 nm, 33.84 J/cm2). The findings show that the CUR-loaded PRP micelle is a viable option for antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffersson Krishan Trigo-Gutierrez
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Italo Rodrigo Calori
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geovana de Oliveira Bárbara
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Pavarina
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Renato Sonchini Gonçalves
- Department of Chemistry, Research Nucleus of Photodynamic Therapy, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Wilker Caetano
- Department of Chemistry, Research Nucleus of Photodynamic Therapy, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira Mima
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira Mima,
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Alkahtany MF. Efficacy of curcumin-mediated photodynamic therapy for root canal therapy procedures: A systematic review. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 41:103252. [PMID: 36563708 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review aimed to investigate the effectiveness of CUR-mediated PDT (Curcumin mediated PDT) as an adjunct to conventional chemo-mechanical debridement and/or standard PDT of the RC system with endodontic infections. METHODS The focused research question was: "Whether the application Curcumin mediated PDT as an adjunct is more effective than the traditional chemo-mechanical debridement and/or standard PDT of the RC system alone for improving antibacterial and/or mechanical features among subjects undergoing RCT?". An electronic literature search was performed in Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. In vitro reports utilizing Curcumin mediated PDT as an adjunct to conventional chemo-mechanical debridement considering permanent dentition assessing the antibacterial and/or mechanical effect were included. RESULTS Eighteen articles were included in the review, out of which 13 studies assessed the antibacterial activity, while 5 evaluated the mechanical properties. Most of the studies concluded that Curcumin mediated PDT had a significant antibacterial activity than the conventional chemo-mechanical debridement and/or standard PDT. Four of the five studies suggested that Curcumin mediated PDT had no impact on the push-out bond strength of root dentin. Furthermore, the significant heterogeneity in the data from the included studies did not permit the author to carry out a meta-analysis. CONCLUSION There is potential for application of Curcumin mediated PDT as an adjunct to the conventional chemo-mechanical debridement and/or standard PDT in reducing the bacterial load, however, Curcumin mediated PDT has minimal effect on enhancing the pushout bond strength of fiber posts to radicular dentin. Moreover, clinical studies are required to provide a more conclusive opinion on the efficacy of Curcumin mediated PDT for RCT procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen F Alkahtany
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, Division of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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13
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Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an adjunctive treatment to ultrasound for the dentin caries-like lesion removal. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:103148. [PMID: 36216023 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate in vitro the efficacy of ultrasound device to remove caries-like dentin and the curcumin-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) to decontaminate the affected dentin. METHODS Bovine dentin specimens (n = 173) of 4 × 4 × 2 mm were first submitted to Knoop surface microhardness to standardize the specimens (29 ± 3 KHN). Artificial caries lesion was induced by Streptococcus mutans strain by biological model for 7 days. Infected dentin was removed (1 min) with the following techniques: dentin excavator, bur at low-speed rotation and ultrasound device. After that, aPDT application was performed using blue LED under 460 nm. Polarized light microscopy (PLM), removal rate (n = 10), cross-sectional microhardness (n = 10), colony forming units per milliliter (CFU) (n = 9) and confocal laser microscopy (CM) (n = 2) were performed. ANOVA with Welch correction, post-hoc Games-Howell and two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc tests were used. RESULTS PLM confirmed the caries lesion formation with a depth of ∼147.9 µm. Groups treated with ultrasound showed lower removal rate (p = 0.001). Regardless of the treatment, the microhardness values increased as function of depth (p ≤ 0.05). Carbide bur showed the highest microhardness value, followed by ultrasound and excavator. CFU and CM showed a significant reduction in S. mutans after aPDT application. CONCLUSION Ultrasound was efficient, since it removed infected dentin, preserving the affected dentin and aPDT can be used as a complementary therapy to decontaminate the affected dentin. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Ultrasound device may help the clinician to remove dentin caries-like lesions since it is a conservative technique and provided the removal of infected dentin, preserving the affected dentin. aPDT application may be used as a complimentary technique to promote antibacterial effect and possibly minimize the risk of secondary caries.
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Shariati A, Didehdar M, Razavi S, Heidary M, Soroush F, Chegini Z. Natural Compounds: A Hopeful Promise as an Antibiofilm Agent Against Candida Species. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:917787. [PMID: 35899117 PMCID: PMC9309813 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.917787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The biofilm communities of Candida are resistant to various antifungal treatments. The ability of Candida to form biofilms on abiotic and biotic surfaces is considered one of the most important virulence factors of these fungi. Extracellular DNA and exopolysaccharides can lower the antifungal penetration to the deeper layers of the biofilms, which is a serious concern supported by the emergence of azole-resistant isolates and Candida strains with decreased antifungal susceptibility. Since the biofilms' resistance to common antifungal drugs has become more widespread in recent years, more investigations should be performed to develop novel, inexpensive, non-toxic, and effective treatment approaches for controlling biofilm-associated infections. Scientists have used various natural compounds for inhibiting and degrading Candida biofilms. Curcumin, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, carvacrol, thymol, terpinen-4-ol, linalool, geraniol, cineole, saponin, camphor, borneol, camphene, carnosol, citronellol, coumarin, epigallocatechin gallate, eucalyptol, limonene, menthol, piperine, saponin, α-terpineol, β-pinene, and citral are the major natural compounds that have been used widely for the inhibition and destruction of Candida biofilms. These compounds suppress not only fungal adhesion and biofilm formation but also destroy mature biofilm communities of Candida. Additionally, these natural compounds interact with various cellular processes of Candida, such as ABC-transported mediated drug transport, cell cycle progression, mitochondrial activity, and ergosterol, chitin, and glucan biosynthesis. The use of various drug delivery platforms can enhance the antibiofilm efficacy of natural compounds. Therefore, these drug delivery platforms should be considered as potential candidates for coating catheters and other medical material surfaces. A future goal will be to develop natural compounds as antibiofilm agents that can be used to treat infections by multi-drug-resistant Candida biofilms. Since exact interactions of natural compounds and biofilm structures have not been elucidated, further in vitro toxicology and animal experiments are required. In this article, we have discussed various aspects of natural compound usage for inhibition and destruction of Candida biofilms, along with the methods and procedures that have been used for improving the efficacy of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Shariati
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Didehdar
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Shabnam Razavi
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Heidary
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Soroush
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Zahra Chegini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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15
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Enhanced Photodynamic Suppression of Enterococcus faecalis Using Curcumin-Loaded Zeolite. J CLUST SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-021-02085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Marques Meccatti V, de Souza Moura L, Guerra Pinto J, Ferreira-Strixino J, Abu Hasna A, Alves Figueiredo-Godoi LM, Campos Junqueira J, Marcucci MC, de Paula Ramos L, Carvalho CAT, Pucci CR, de Oliveira LD. Curcuma longa L. Extract and Photodynamic Therapy are Effective against Candida spp. and Do Not Show Toxicity In Vivo. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:5837864. [PMID: 35815117 PMCID: PMC9270141 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5837864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy induces a higher level of Candida spp. colonization, resulting in oral candidiasis. This study aimed to evaluate the phototransformation potential of the glycolic extract of Curcuma longa (C. longa); the antifungal activity of C. longa, curcumin, and antifungal photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with blue light-emitting diodes "LED" on Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis in vitro; and the toxicity of C. longa and curcumin in Galleria mellonella model. In order to confirm the light absorption capacity of the C. longa extract, its phototransformation potential was evaluated. The antifungal effect of C. longa, curcumin, and aPDT was evaluated over Candida spp. Finally, the toxicity of C. longa and curcumin was evaluated on the Galleria mellonella model. The data were analyzed using the GraphPad Prism 5.0 software considering α = 5%. It was found that C. longa, curcumin, and aPDT using blue LED have an antifungal effect over C. albicans and C. tropicalis. The extract of C. longa 100 mg/mL and curcumin 200 μg/mL do not show toxicity on Galleria mellonella model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Marques Meccatti
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa de Souza Moura
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Guerra Pinto
- Photobiology Applied to Health (PHOTOBIOS)—University of Vale do Paraiba, Research and Development Institute. Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911—São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ferreira-Strixino
- Photobiology Applied to Health (PHOTOBIOS)—University of Vale do Paraiba, Research and Development Institute. Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911—São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amjad Abu Hasna
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia Mara Alves Figueiredo-Godoi
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Campos Junqueira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Marcucci
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas de Paula Ramos
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio Antonio Talge Carvalho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cesar Rogério Pucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciane Dias de Oliveira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fonseca LL, Durães CP, Menezes ASDS, Tabosa ATL, Barbosa CU, Filho ADPS, Souza DPSDP, Guimarães VHD, Santos SHS, de Paula AMB, Farias LC, Guimarães EALS. Comparison Between Two Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Protocols for Oral Candidiasis in Patients Undergoing Treatment for Head and Neck Cancer: A two-arm, single-blind clinical trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102983. [PMID: 35772622 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to compare the efficacy of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) with 300 µmol/L of methylene blue and 8 µmol/L of curcumin on oral candidiasis patients with HNSCC undergoing treatment. METHODS A two-arm, single-blind clinical trial was performed. Following verification for eligibility (n = 447), 108 patients were included in the study. The study consisted of a group that received aPDT with methylene blue (n = 57) and another that received aPDT with curcumin (n = 51). The patients rinsed their mouths with an aqueous solution of 300 µmol/L of methylene blue and 8 µmol/L of curcumin in four sessions, and then the lesion was scraped for the subsequent RT-qPCR. The primary outcome was that no cure was presented for oral candidiasis after treatment. The secondary result was reducing the number of sites affected by oral candidiasis. RESULTS There was no difference in treatment failure evaluated by the necessity of drug prescription or Candida sp DNA quantification. However, clinically the methylene blue protocol reduced the number of infected anatomical sites compared to the curcumin protocol. CONCLUSION Methylene Blue aPDT reduced the number of infected anatomical sites compared to curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Lopes Fonseca
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cristina Paixão Durães
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Agna Soares da Silva Menezes
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Chelsea Uramoto Barbosa
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Victor Hugo Dantas Guimarães
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Lucyana Conceição Farias
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - E André Luiz Sena Guimarães
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Dilson Godinho Hospital, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Luzala MM, Muanga CK, Kyana J, Safari JB, Zola EN, Mbusa GV, Nuapia YB, Liesse JMI, Nkanga CI, Krause RWM, Balčiūnaitienė A, Memvanga PB. A Critical Review of the Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of Green-Synthesized Plant-Based Metallic Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1841. [PMID: 35683697 PMCID: PMC9182092 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) produced by green synthesis using plant extracts have attracted huge interest in the scientific community due to their excellent antibacterial, antifungal and antibiofilm activities. To evaluate these pharmacological properties, several methods or protocols have been successfully developed and implemented. Although these protocols were mostly inspired by the guidelines from national and international regulatory bodies, they suffer from a glaring absence of standardization of the experimental conditions. This situation leads to a lack of reproducibility and comparability of data from different study settings. To minimize these problems, guidelines for the antimicrobial and antibiofilm evaluation of MNPs should be developed by specialists in the field. Being aware of the immensity of the workload and the efforts required to achieve this, we set out to undertake a meticulous literature review of different experimental protocols and laboratory conditions used for the antimicrobial and antibiofilm evaluation of MNPs that could be used as a basis for future guidelines. This review also brings together all the discrepancies resulting from the different experimental designs and emphasizes their impact on the biological activities as well as their interpretation. Finally, the paper proposes a general overview that requires extensive experimental investigations to set the stage for the future development of effective antimicrobial MNPs using green synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miryam M. Luzala
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Phytopharmaceutical Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa XI B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo; (M.M.L.); (C.K.M.); (E.N.Z.); (C.I.N.)
| | - Claude K. Muanga
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Phytopharmaceutical Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa XI B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo; (M.M.L.); (C.K.M.); (E.N.Z.); (C.I.N.)
| | - Joseph Kyana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medecine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani XI B.P. 2012, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
| | - Justin B. Safari
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Public Health, Official University of Bukavu, Bukavu B.P. 570, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Makhana 6140, South Africa
| | - Eunice N. Zola
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Phytopharmaceutical Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa XI B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo; (M.M.L.); (C.K.M.); (E.N.Z.); (C.I.N.)
| | - Grégoire V. Mbusa
- Centre Universitaire de Référence de Surveillance de la Résistance aux Antimicrobiens (CURS-RAM), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa XI B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo; (G.V.M.); (J.-M.I.L.)
- Laboratory of Experimental and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa XI B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Yannick B. Nuapia
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa XI B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
| | - Jean-Marie I. Liesse
- Centre Universitaire de Référence de Surveillance de la Résistance aux Antimicrobiens (CURS-RAM), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa XI B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo; (G.V.M.); (J.-M.I.L.)
- Laboratory of Experimental and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa XI B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Christian I. Nkanga
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Phytopharmaceutical Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa XI B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo; (M.M.L.); (C.K.M.); (E.N.Z.); (C.I.N.)
| | - Rui W. M. Krause
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Makhana 6140, South Africa
- Center for Chemico- and Bio-Medicinal Research (CCBR), Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Makhana 6140, South Africa
| | - Aistė Balčiūnaitienė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania;
| | - Patrick B. Memvanga
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Phytopharmaceutical Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa XI B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo; (M.M.L.); (C.K.M.); (E.N.Z.); (C.I.N.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medecine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani XI B.P. 2012, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Public Health, Official University of Bukavu, Bukavu B.P. 570, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
- Centre de Recherche et d’Innovation Technologique en Environnement et en Sciences de la Santé (CRITESS), University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa XI B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Souza SO, Raposo BL, Sarmento-Neto JF, Rebouças JS, Macêdo DPC, Figueiredo RCBQ, Santos BS, Freitas AZ, Cabral Filho PE, Ribeiro MS, Fontes A. Photoinactivation of Yeast and Biofilm Communities of Candida albicans Mediated by ZnTnHex-2-PyP4+ Porphyrin. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8060556. [PMID: 35736039 PMCID: PMC9225021 DOI: 10.3390/jof8060556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the main cause of superficial candidiasis. While the antifungals available are defied by biofilm formation and resistance emergence, antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) arises as an alternative antifungal therapy. The tetracationic metalloporphyrin Zn(II) meso-tetrakis(N-n-hexylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (ZnTnHex-2-PyP4+) has high photoefficiency and improved cellular interactions. We investigated the ZnTnHex-2-PyP4+ as a photosensitizer (PS) to photoinactivate yeasts and biofilms of C. albicans strains (ATCC 10231 and ATCC 90028) using a blue light-emitting diode. The photoinactivation of yeasts was evaluated by quantifying the colony forming units. The aPDI of ATCC 90028 biofilms was assessed by the MTT assay, propidium iodide (PI) labeling, and scanning electron microscopy. Mammalian cytotoxicity was investigated in Vero cells using MTT assay. The aPDI (4.3 J/cm2) promoted eradication of yeasts at 0.8 and 1.5 µM of PS for ATCC 10231 and ATCC 90028, respectively. At 0.8 µM and same light dose, aPDI-treated biofilms showed intense PI labeling, about 89% decrease in the cell viability, and structural alterations with reduced hyphae. No considerable toxicity was observed in mammalian cells. Our results introduce the ZnTnHex-2-PyP4+ as a promising PS to photoinactivate both yeasts and biofilms of C. albicans, stimulating studies with other Candida species and resistant isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sueden O. Souza
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (B.L.R.); (P.E.C.F.)
- Correspondence: (S.O.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Bruno L. Raposo
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (B.L.R.); (P.E.C.F.)
| | - José F. Sarmento-Neto
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (J.F.S.-N.); (J.S.R.)
| | - Júlio S. Rebouças
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (J.F.S.-N.); (J.S.R.)
| | - Danielle P. C. Macêdo
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-520, PE, Brazil; (D.P.C.M.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Regina C. B. Q. Figueiredo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães—Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IAM-FIOCRUZ), Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil;
| | - Beate S. Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-520, PE, Brazil; (D.P.C.M.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Anderson Z. Freitas
- Centro de Lasers e Aplicações, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (A.Z.F.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Paulo E. Cabral Filho
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (B.L.R.); (P.E.C.F.)
| | - Martha S. Ribeiro
- Centro de Lasers e Aplicações, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (A.Z.F.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Adriana Fontes
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (B.L.R.); (P.E.C.F.)
- Correspondence: (S.O.S.); (A.F.)
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Tiburcio MA, Rocha AR, Romano RA, Inada NM, Bagnato VS, Carlos RM, Buzzá HH. In vitro evaluation of the cis-[Ru(phen) 2(pPDIp)] 2+⁎⁎ complex for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against Sporothrix brasiliensis and Candida albicans. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 229:112414. [PMID: 35276578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) activates a photosensitizer by visible light to generate cytotoxic oxygen species that lead to cell death. With proper illumination, PDT is often used in applications on superficial and sub-surface lesions. Sporotrichosis infection occurs by Sporothrix fungi which causes a skin wound, worsened by Candida albicans infections. This study investigated the photosensitizing efficiency of the Ru(phen)2(pPDIp)(PF6)2 complex, RupPDIp, against S. brasiliensis and C. albicans. MATERIAL AND METHODS RupPDIp efficiency against these fungi was tested using 450 nm (blue light and 36 J/cm2) and 525 nm (green light, 25.2 J/cm2) at 0.05-20 μM concentrations. To ensure PDT effectiveness, control groups were tested in the absence and in the presence of RupPDIp under light irradiation and in the dark. RESULTS RupPDIp eliminated both fungi at ≤5.0 μM. Green light showed the best results, eliminating S. brasiliensis and C. albicans colonies at RupPDIp 0.5 μM and 0.05 μM, respectively. CONCLUSION RupPDIp is a promising photosensitizer in aPDT, eliminating 106 CFU/mL of both fungi at 450 nm and 525 nm, with lower light doses and concentrations when treated with the green light compared to the blue light.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Tiburcio
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil.
| | - A R Rocha
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil; PPG Biotec, Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil
| | - R A Romano
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - N M Inada
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - V S Bagnato
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hagler Fellow, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - R M Carlos
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil
| | - H H Buzzá
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Physics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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21
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Garbuio M, Dias LD, de Souza LM, Corrêa TQ, Mezzacappo NF, Blanco KC, de Oliveira KT, Inada NM, Bagnato VS. Formulations of curcumin and d-mannitol as a photolarvicide against Aedes aegypti larvae: sublethal photolarvicidal action, toxicity, residual evaluation, and small-scale field trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 38:102740. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Photoinactivation of multispecies cariogenic biofilm mediated by aluminum phthalocyanine chloride encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:2033-2043. [PMID: 34812971 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the aluminum phthalocyanine chloride (AlClPc) encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles (CN) and apply it in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on multispecies biofilm composed of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, and Candida albicans to analyze the antimicrobial activity and lactate production after treatment. Biofilms were formed in 24-well polystyrene plates at 37 °C for 48 h under microaerophilia. The following groups were evaluated (n = 9): as a positive control, 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX); phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as a negative control; 2.5% CN as release vehicle control; the dark toxicity control of the formulations used (AlClPc and AlClPc + CN) was verified in the absence of light; for aPDT, after 30 min incubation time, the photosensitizers at a final concentration of 5.8 × 10-3 mg/mL were photoirradiated for 1 min by visible light using a LED device (AlClPc + L and AlClPc + CN + L) with 660 nm at the energy density of 100 J/cm2. An in vitro kit was used to measure lactate. The biofilm composition and morphology were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial activity was analyzed by quantifying colony forming units per mL (CFU/mL) of each microorganism. Bacterial load between groups was analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests (α = 0.05). A lower lactate dosage was observed in the aPDT AlClPc + CN + L and CHX groups compared to the CN and AlClPc groups. The aPDT mediated by the nanoconjugate AlClPc + CN + L showed a significant reduction in the viability of S. mutans (3.18 log10 CFU/mL), L. casei (4.91 log10 CFU/mL), and C. albicans (2.09 log10 CFU/mL) compared to the negative control PBS (p < 0.05). aPDT using isolated AlClPc was similar to PBS to the three microorganisms (p > 0.05). The aPDT mediated by the nanoconjugate AlClPc + CN + L was efficient against the biofilm of S. mutans, L. casei, and C. albicans.
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Ziental D, Mlynarczyk DT, Czarczynska-Goslinska B, Lewandowski K, Sobotta L. Photosensitizers Mediated Photodynamic Inactivation against Fungi. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11112883. [PMID: 34835655 PMCID: PMC8621466 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Superficial and systemic fungal infections are essential problems for the modern health care system. One of the challenges is the growing resistance of fungi to classic antifungals and the constantly increasing cost of therapy. These factors force the scientific world to intensify the search for alternative and more effective methods of treatment. This paper presents an overview of new fungal inactivation methods using Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (PACT). The results of research on compounds from the groups of phenothiazines, xanthanes, porphyrins, chlorins, porphyrazines, and phthalocyanines are presented. An intensive search for a photosensitizer with excellent properties is currently underway. The formulation based on the existing ones is also developed by combining them with nanoparticles and common antifungal therapy. Numerous studies indicate that fungi do not form any specific defense mechanism against PACT, which deems it a promising therapeutic alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ziental
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (D.Z.); (K.L.)
| | - Dariusz T. Mlynarczyk
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Beata Czarczynska-Goslinska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Konrad Lewandowski
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (D.Z.); (K.L.)
| | - Lukasz Sobotta
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (D.Z.); (K.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Moradi M, Fazlyab M, Pourhajibagher M, Chiniforush N. Antimicrobial action of photodynamic therapy on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm using curing light, curcumin and riboflavin. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 48:274-282. [PMID: 34529329 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with curcumin and riboflavin on three-week Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. At first the 15-mm root canals of 65 single rooted extracted human teeth (including maxillary incisors, mandibular and maxillary canines and mandibular premolars) were separated from the crown and were prepared with ProTaper instruments. After autoclave sterilisation, samples were inoculated with E. faecalis suspension, and incubated for three weeks. After ensuring biofilm formation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in two teeth, the remaining 63 teeth were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 9): aPDT + curcumin, aPDT + riboflavin, LED, curcumin, riboflavin, 5.25% NaOCl (positive control) and no intervention (negative control). For light source a LED unit with 390-480 nm wavelength (peak of 460 nm), power density of 1000 ± 100 mW cm-2 and mean energy density of 60 J cm-2 was used. The roots were horizontally sectioned into coronal, middle and apical thirds each with 5 mm thicknesses. Dentin chips with equal weight (1 ± 0.005 g) were collected from the root canal walls with Gates Glidden drills and were transferred into microtubes containing 1 mL of sterile saline and vortexed for 30 s. Next, 10 µL of the contents of each tube was serially diluted and eventually, 10 µL of each solution was cultured on BHI agar. The number of colony-forming units was determined. Data were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman tests. The colony reduction was not significantly different between NaOCl and either riboflavin + LED or Curcumin + LED. The 5.25% NaOCl group showed maximum reduction in colony count, compared with the negative control (P = 0.00). Groups with aPDT with Curcumin + LED (P = 0.005), and with riboflavin + LED (P = 0.011) showed significant reduction in colony count in all three canal thirds (P < 0.05) without any difference with one another. With significant reduction of E. faecalis colony count, aPDT with Curcumin and riboflavin can serve as an adjunct to routine root canal disinfection method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Moradi
- Faculty of dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahta Fazlyab
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Chiniforush
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Labban N, Taweel SMA, ALRabiah MA, Alfouzan AF, Alshiddi IF, Assery MK. Efficacy of Rose Bengal and Curcumin mediated photodynamic therapy for the treatment of denture stomatitis in patients with habitual cigarette smoking: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 35:102380. [PMID: 34087468 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking in conjugation with bad oral hygiene is considered a typical predisposing factor for many oral diseases including denture stomatitis. This study investigated the effect of Rose Bengal (RB)-and Curcumin (CUR)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) in comparison with nystatin therapy in the intervention of denture stomatitis in cigarette smokers. METHODS Overall, 45 habitual cigarette smokers aged ~58 years having denture stomatitis were categorized into three groups: Group-I - RB-mediated PDT, Group-II - CUR-mediated PDT, and Group-III - Nystatin therapy. The primary outcome of the interest was: counts of Candida colony from denture surface and palatal mucosa, calculated as CFU/mL, whereas the prevalence of Candida species determined in 3 research groups comprised the secondary outcome. Oral swab specimens were gathered from the denture surfaces and palatal mucosa. All clinical assessments were performed at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. RESULTS C. albicans was the most prevalent yeast identified on both denture surfaces and palatal mucosa, followed by C. tropicalis and C. glabrata. A considerable decrease in the CFU/mL scores were observed in Group-I and Group-II at the end of the interventions and on the 12-week follow-up (p<0.05). Group-I, II, and III demonstrated clinical efficacy rates of 53%, 51%, and 49%, respectively. CONCLUSION CUR-and RB-mediated PDT was found to be as effective as topical Nystatin therapy for the intervention of denture stomatitis among cigarette smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawaf Labban
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University. P. O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sara Mohammad Al Taweel
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University. P. O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A ALRabiah
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University. P. O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan F Alfouzan
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University. P. O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibraheem F Alshiddi
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University. P. O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour K Assery
- Department of Prosthodontics, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Santezi C, Reina BD, de Annunzio SR, Calixto G, Chorilli M, Dovigo LN. Photodynamic potential of curcumin in bioadhesive formulations: Optical characteristics and antimicrobial effect against biofilms. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 35:102416. [PMID: 34197966 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Curcumin (CUR) has great potential as a photosensitizer, the low solubility in water impairs its clinical performance in photodynamic inactivation (PDI). This study sought to establish an effective antimicrobial protocol for PDI using CUR in three different bioadhesive formulations. METHODS A CUR-loaded chitosan hydrogel with a poloxamer (CUR-CHIH), a CUR-loaded liquid crystal precursor system (CUR-LCP), a CUR-loaded microemulsion (CUR-ME), and CUR in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solution (CUR-S; control formulation) were tested against in vitro and in situ oral biofilms. The optical properties of each formulation were evaluated. RESULTS All of the formulations exhibited lower absorbance than CUR-S; however, the CUR-LCP curve bore the highest resemblance. The CUR present in all formulations was completely degraded after 15 min of illumination. In vitro experiments showed that CUR-S was the only formulation able to significantly reduce biofilm viability of Candida albicans and Lactobacillus casei when compared to the negative control (no PDI); the amount of reduction obtained was 1.8 and 3.7 log (CFU/mL) for C. albicans and L. casei, respectively. There was a significant reduction on the viability of Streptococcus mutans biofilms when CUR-S and CUR-LCP were applied (approximately 3.5 and 1.6 log [CFU/mL], respectively). In situ testing showed antimicrobial efficacy against S. mutans and general microorganisms. CONCLUSIONS Although the evaluated protocols has not been effective to all of the evaluated microorganisms, PDI showed potential against dental biofilms and evidence that the phototoxic effects of CUR have a high relation with the type of formulation in which it is loaded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Santezi
- Independent researcher at the moment of the submission (unaffiliated researcher)
| | - Bárbara Donadon Reina
- Department of Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sarah Raquel de Annunzio
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovana Calixto
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia Nordi Dovigo
- Department of Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Dantas Lopes Dos Santos D, Besegato JF, de Melo PBG, Oshiro Junior JA, Chorilli M, Deng D, Bagnato VS, Rastelli ANDS. Curcumin-loaded Pluronic ® F-127 Micelles as a Drug Delivery System for Curcumin-mediated Photodynamic Therapy for Oral Application. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:1072-1088. [PMID: 33872402 DOI: 10.1111/php.13433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is promising for oral decontamination. Curcumin has been used as photosensitizer; however, the hydrophobic properties can negatively affect aPDT. This study evaluated the aPDT efficacy using Cur-loaded Pluronic® F-127 micelles against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans biofilms. Micelles characterization was performed by zeta potential, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Cur concentrations, cell viability by CFU mL-1 and confocal microscopy were determined. Data were analyzed by parametric and nonparametric tests under 5%. Cur-loaded Pluronic® F-127 exhibited spherical shape, suitable particle size (≤100 nm), adequate polydispersity index, best stability, lower photodegradation and autoaggregation compared to unloaded-Cur. Both microorganisms were sensitive to Cur-loaded Pluronic® F-127 micelles aPDT, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 270 μm and 2.1093 μm for S. mutans and C. albicans suspended culture, respectively. Cur-loaded Pluronic® F-127 aPDT exhibited antibacterial/antifungal effect against the biofilms (~3 log10 reduction; P ≤ 0.05); however, similar to unloaded (P ≥ 0.05). Confocal images confirmed these results. Cur-loaded Pluronic® F-127 micelles exhibited good photo-chemical properties and may be a viable alternative to deliver Cur and to improve aPDT effect during the treatment of dental caries. Moreover, Pluronic® micelles can enhance the solubility, stability, permeability and control the release of Cur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Dantas Lopes Dos Santos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Felipe Besegato
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Borges Gobbo de Melo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Augusto Oshiro Junior
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dongmei Deng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam - ACTA, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Physics Institute of São Carlos - IFSC, University of São Paulo - USP, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Girisa S, Kumar A, Rana V, Parama D, Daimary UD, Warnakulasuriya S, Kumar AP, Kunnumakkara AB. From Simple Mouth Cavities to Complex Oral Mucosal Disorders-Curcuminoids as a Promising Therapeutic Approach. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:647-665. [PMID: 33860191 PMCID: PMC8033761 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oral diseases are among the most common encountered health issues worldwide, which are usually associated with anomalies of the oral cavity, jaws, and salivary glands. Despite the availability of numerous treatment modalities for oral disorders, a limited clinical response has been observed because of the inefficacy of the drugs and countless adverse side effects. Therefore, the development of safe, efficacious, and wide-spectrum therapeutics is imperative in the battle against oral diseases. Curcumin, extracted from the golden spice turmeric, is a well-known natural polyphenol that has been extensively studied for its broad pleiotropic attributes and its ability to modulate multiple biological processes. It is well-documented to target pro-inflammatory mediators like NF-κB, ROS, COX-2, IL-1, IL-2, TGF-β, growth factors, apoptotic proteins, receptors, and various kinases. These properties make curcumin a promising nutraceutical in the treatment of many oral diseases like oral submucous fibrosis, oral mucositis, oral leukoplakia, oral erythroplakia, oral candidiasis, aphthous stomatitis, oral lichen planus, dental caries, periodontitis, and gingivitis. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that curcumin alleviates the symptoms of most of the oral complications, including the inhibition of the progression of oral cancer. In this regard, many clinical trials have been completed, and many are ongoing to investigate the "curcumin effect" in oral maladies. Therefore, the current review delineates the mechanistic framework of curcumin's propensity in curbing oral diseases and present outcomes of the clinical trials of curcumin-based therapeutics that can provide a breakthrough in the clinical management of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer
Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational
and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of
Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer
Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational
and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of
Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Varsha Rana
- Cancer
Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational
and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of
Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Dey Parama
- Cancer
Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational
and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of
Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Uzini Devi Daimary
- Cancer
Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational
and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of
Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Saman Warnakulasuriya
- Department
of Oral Medicine, King’s College
London and WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer and Precancer, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Medical
Science Cluster, Cancer Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo
Lin School of Medicine, National University
of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Cancer
Science Institute of Singapore, National
University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- National
University Cancer Institute, National University
Health Systems, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
- Cancer
Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational
and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of
Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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Cheraghipour K, Ezatpour B, Masoori L, Marzban A, Sepahvand A, Rouzbahani AK, Moridnia A, Khanizadeh S, Mahmoudvand H. Anti-Candida Activity of Curcumin: A Systematic Review. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2021; 18:379-390. [PMID: 32418527 DOI: 10.2174/1570163817666200518074629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is one of the important natural compounds that is extracted from turmeric. This compound and its derivatives have numerous biological properties, including antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and healing effects. Extensive research in various fields has been conducted on turmeric as it is widely used as a food additive. The significant antifungal activity is one of the major effects of curcumin. In this paper, recent studies on the effects of different forms of curcumin drug on the candidiasis were systematically examined and discussed. The data in this study were extracted from the articles and reports published in the Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus databases. After the preliminary investigation, relevant reports were selected and classified based on the incorporated formulation and purpose of the study. After a systematic discussion of the data, it was found that the use of medicinal forms based on nanoparticles can increase the absorption and target the controlled release of curcumin with a more effective role compared to other formulations. Consequently, it can be concluded that new methods of modern medicine can be employed to increase the efficacy of natural pharmaceutical compounds used in the past. In this regard, the present study analyzed the effect of curcumin against various Candida infections, using the recent data. It was found that applying a combination of drug formulation or the formulation of curcumin and its derivatives can be an effective strategy to overcome the medicine resistance in fungal infections, especially candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Cheraghipour
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Behrouz Ezatpour
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Leila Masoori
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Abdolrazagh Marzban
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Asghar Sepahvand
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | | | - Abbas Moridnia
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Sayyad Khanizadeh
- Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hossein Mahmoudvand
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciencs, Khorramabad, Iran
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30
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Dias LD, Blanco KC, Mfouo-Tynga IS, Inada NM, Bagnato VS. Curcumin as a photosensitizer: From molecular structure to recent advances in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C: PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2020.100384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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31
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Hyun JE, Lee SY. Blue light-emitting diodes as eco-friendly non-thermal technology in food preservation. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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32
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Dias LM, Klein MI, Jordão CC, Carmello JC, Bellini A, Pavarina AC. Successive applications of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy effects the susceptibility of Candida albicans grown in medium with or without fluconazole. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102018. [PMID: 33022418 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) was introduced as a therapy due to resistance that microorganisms have developed to conventional drugs. The study aimed to evaluate the potential of successive applications of aPDT in effecting Candida albicans susceptibility and also whether the presence of fluconazole effected the recovery of the fungi in the culture medium. Planktonic cultures and biofilm were subjected to successive applications of Photodithazine-mediated (25 mg/L) LED-associated aPDT (660 nm, 34 mW/cm2). Plating was performed on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar supplemented or not with fluconazole to recover colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL). Surviving cells were recovered, recultivated, and again exposed to the treatment. The treatments were performed until not enough colonies were available for recultivation and continuation of the protocol. The complete inactivation of the fungus was obtained after three and five applications for planktonic culture and biofilm, respectively. A reduction of 6.3 log10 was observed after third applications in the planktonic cultures grown on medium without fluconazole, while there was a 7 log10 reduction of these cultures grown on fluconazole medium. However, a reduction of 6.1 log10 occurred for biofilms after fifth applications for cultures grown on medium without fluconazole, while a reduction of 6.7 log10 was observed for cultures grown on medium with the antifungal. Thus, aPDT was potentiated by fluconazole. C. albicans in planktonic and biofilm cultures are susceptible to successive applications of PDZ-mediated aPDT, and tolerance to aPDT is higher in the biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Mendonça Dias
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Humaitá Street, 1680, 14801-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Marlise Inêz Klein
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Humaitá Street, 1680, 14801-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Carolina Jordão
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Humaitá Street, 1680, 14801-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Cabrini Carmello
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Humaitá Street, 1680, 14801-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Bellini
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Humaitá Street, 1680, 14801-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Pavarina
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Humaitá Street, 1680, 14801-903, SP, Brazil.
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33
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Muniyandi K, George B, Parimelazhagan T, Abrahamse H. Role of Photoactive Phytocompounds in Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. Molecules 2020; 25:E4102. [PMID: 32911753 PMCID: PMC7570746 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the greatest life-threatening diseases conventionally treated using chemo- and radio-therapy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising approach to eradicate different types of cancers. PDT requires the administration of photosensitisers (PSs) and photoactivation using a specific wavelength of light in the presence of molecular oxygen. This photoactivation exerts an anticancer effect via apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy of cancer cells. Recently, various natural compounds that exhibit photosensitising potentials have been identified. Photoactive substances derived from medicinal plants have been found to be safe in comparison with synthetic compounds. Many articles have focused on PDT mechanisms and types of PSs, but limited attention has been paid to the phototoxic activities of phytocompounds. The reduced toxicity and side effects of natural compounds inspire the researchers to identify and use plant extracts or phytocompounds as a potent natural PS candidate for PDT. This review focusses on the importance of common photoactive groups (furanocoumarins, polyacetylenes, thiophenes, curcumins, alkaloids, and anthraquinones), their phototoxic effects, anticancer activity and use as a potent PS for an effective PDT outcome in the treatment of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasipandi Muniyandi
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; (K.M.); (B.G.)
- Bioprospecting Laboratory, Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India;
| | - Blassan George
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; (K.M.); (B.G.)
| | - Thangaraj Parimelazhagan
- Bioprospecting Laboratory, Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India;
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; (K.M.); (B.G.)
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34
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Li Z, Yin H, Chen W, Jiang C, Hu J, Xue Y, Yao D, Peng Y, Hu X. Synergistic Effect of Pseudolaric Acid B with Fluconazole Against Resistant Isolates and Biofilm of Candida tropicalis. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:2733-2743. [PMID: 32801807 PMCID: PMC7415455 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s261299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Candida tropicalis (C. tropicalis) has emerged as an important fungal pathogen due to its increasing resistance to conventional antifungal agents, especially fluconazole (FLC). Pseudolaric acid B (PAB), a herbal-originated diterpene acid from Pseudolarix kaempferi Gordon, has been reported to possess inhibitory activity against fungus. The present study aims to investigate the antifungal effect of PAB alone and in combination with FLC on planktonic and biofilm cells of C. tropicalis. Methods The antifungal activity of PAB against planktonic isolates was evaluated alone and in combination with FLC using the chequerboard microdilution method and growth curve assay. The anti-biofilm effects were quantified by tetrazolium (XTT) reduction assay, which were further confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescent microscope to observe morphological changes of biofilm treated with PAB and FLC. Results It was revealed that PAB alone exhibited similar inhibitory activity against FLC-resistant and FLC-susceptible strains with median MIC ranging from 8 to 16 µg/mL. When administered in combination, synergism was observed in all (13/13) FLC-resistant and (2/9) FLC-susceptible strains with FICI ranging from 0.070 to 0.375. Moreover, the concomitant use of PAB and FLC exhibited a strong dose-dependent synergistic inhibitory effect on the early and mature biofilm, eliminating more than 80% biofilm formation. SEM found that PAB, different from azoles, could significantly inhibit spore germination and destroy the cell integrity causing cell deformation, swelling, collapse and outer membrane perforation. Conclusion PAB was highly active against FLC-resistant isolates and biofilm of C. tropicalis, particularly when combined with FLC. These findings suggest that PAB may have potential as a novel antifungal agent with different targets from azole drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cen Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjun Xue
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongting Yao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibing Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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35
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Zago LHDP, de Annunzio SR, de Oliveira KT, Barbugli PA, Valdes BR, Feres M, Fontana CR. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against metronidazole-resistant dental plaque bactéria. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 209:111903. [PMID: 32531689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has stood out as an alternative and promising method of disinfection and has been exploited for the treatment of oral bacteria. In this study, we evaluate in vitro the action of aPDT, mediated by methylene blue, chlorin-e6, and curcumin against clinical subgingival plaques that were resistant to metronidazole. The sensitivity profile of the samples to metronidazole was analyzed by the agar dilution method. Cell viability in the planktonic and biofilm phase was assessed by CFU / mL. The composition of the biofilm was evaluated by the checkboard DNA-DNA Hibrydization technique. Photosensitizers internalization was qualitatively assessed by confocal fluorescence microscopy (CLSM). The aPDT mediated by the three photosensitizers tested was able to reduce the totality of the planktonic microbial load and partially reduce the biofilm samples. The analysis performed by CLSM showed that the photosensitizers used in the application of aPDT were able to permeate the interior of the biofilm. The aPDT has been shown to be useful in a supportive and effective approach to the treatment of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Raquel de Annunzio
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 14800-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Aboud Barbugli
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 14800-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, 14801-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Belen Retamal Valdes
- Guarulhos University, Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontology, 07011-040 Guarulhos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Magda Feres
- Guarulhos University, Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontology, 07011-040 Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Raquel Fontana
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 14800-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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36
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Gong C, Li Y, Gao R, Xiao F, Zhou X, Wang H, Xu H, Wang R, Huang P, Zhao Y. Inactivation of specific spoilage organism (Pseudomonas) of sturgeon by curcumin-mediated photodynamic inactivation. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101827. [PMID: 32445964 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to measure the inactivation effect and mechanism of curcumin-mediated photodynamic inactivation (PDI) on the specific spoilage organism (Pseudomonas) of the sturgeon. The conditions of PDI used were as follows: 30 μM curcumin, 15 W LED light (470 nm) power and 90 s irradiation time. Under these conditions, the high-throughput sequencing was used to study the microbiota of sturgeon. The method of aerobic plate colony count (APC) was used to determine the viability of Pseudomonas after PDI. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), the propidium iodide (PI) single staining method, and agarose gel electrophoresis were used to study the inactivation mechanism of PDI on Pseudomonas. The results showed that Pseudomonas was the specific spoilage organism of sturgeon, and PDI significantly inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas. The in-vitro inactivation rate of Pseudomonas was 99.9% with counts decreased by 3.19 ± 0.15 log10 CFU/mL. The mechanism of PDI to inactivate Pseudomonas is as follows. Firstly, the high-level structure of membrane protein was destroyed, and the cell membrane permeability was increased, which caused leakage of cellular content. Then the nucleic acid inside the cell was destroyed, which eventually caused the death of bacteria. These findings demonstrate that curcumin-mediated PDI can be utilized as an effective way to inactivate the specific spoilage organism (Pseudomonas) of the sturgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Shinan District, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Yujin Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Shinan District, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Ruichang Gao
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, 471023 Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhou
- Hisense (Shandong) Refrigerator Co., Ltd, 266100 Qingdao, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Hisense (Shandong) Refrigerator Co., Ltd, 266100 Qingdao, China
| | - He Xu
- Jiangsu Baoyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 222100 Lianyungang, China
| | - Ruihong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Shinan District, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Pan Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Shinan District, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Yuanhui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Shinan District, 266003 Qingdao, China.
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37
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Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy reduces gene expression of Candida albicans in biofilms. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101825. [PMID: 32445962 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated whether the oxidative stress caused by antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) affects the expression of C. albicans genes related to adhesion and biofilm formation (ALS1 and HPW1) and oxidative stress response (CAP1, CAT1, and SOD1). The aPDT was mediated by two photosensitizing agents (PSs) Photodithazine® (PDZ at 100 and 200 mg/L) or Curcumin (CUR at 40 and 80 μM) and LED (37.5 J/cm2 or 50 J/cm2). The quantification of the expression was performed by Reverse Transcription-Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) using specific primers for the target genes. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (α = 0.05), followed by Tukey's post-test. It was observed reduction in the expression of ALS1, HWP1, CAP1, CAT1, and SOD1 when aPDT was performed using 200 mg/L PDZ and 80 μM CUR associated to LED (37.7 and 50 J/cm2, respectively) and using 100 mg/L PDZ and 40 μM CUR with LED of 50 J/cm2 (versus control). Also, the expression of CAP1 and SOD1 genes was reduced after aPDT using 100 mg/L PDZ and LED of 37.5 J/cm2. There was a significant reduction in the expression of genes HWP1, CAP1, and SOD1 after aPDT using 40 μM CUR and 37.5 J/cm2 (versus the control group). The application of LED only at 37.5 and 50 J/cm2 promoted down-regulation of ALS1, CAP1, CAT1, and SOD1 genes (versus the control group). Therefore, aPDT mediated by LED -associated PSs PDZ and CUR promoted a reduction in the expression of the five C. albicans genes evaluated.
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38
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Teixeira CGDS, Sanitá PV, Ribeiro APD, Dias LM, Jorge JH, Pavarina AC. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy effectiveness against susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 30:101760. [PMID: 32283312 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus have a great ability to become rapidly resistant to conventional antimicrobial therapies. This study evaluated the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) mediated by Curcumin (Cur) and light-emitting diode (LED) in the inactivation of biofilms of methicillin susceptible and resistant S. aureus (MSSA and MRSA, respectively). METHODS Biofilms were treated with Cur (20, 40 or 80 μM) and illuminated with LED source (455 ± 3 nm; 5.28 J/cm2) (aPDT groups), or treated either with Cur or LED only. Other samples were not exposed to Cur or LED (negative control). The biofilms viability after all experimental conditions were evaluated by counting the number of colonies (CFU/mL) and XTT assay. Additional samples were also evaluated by LIVE/DEAD® staining using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Data were analyzed by ANOVAs followed by the Games-Howell post hoc test (α = 0.05). RESULTS For both strains, all aPDT groups significantly reduced both CFU/mL and metabolic activity of biofilms compared to the negative control (p < 0.001). The results were enhanced when 80 μM of Cur was used. CLSM images showed that both bacteria biofilms submitted to aPDT had a large number of red-stained colonies, especially at aPDT80. In general, MRSA biofilms tended to be less susceptible to aPDT than MSSA biofilms. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that aPDT mediated by Cur and LED was an efficient method to inactivate 48 -h biofilms of both S. aureus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Geraldo de Souza Teixeira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Volpato Sanitá
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Dias Ribeiro
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Center Dr. 1395, Gainesville, 32610, FL, USA
| | - Luana Mendonça Dias
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Janaina Habib Jorge
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Pavarina
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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39
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Allkja J, Bjarnsholt T, Coenye T, Cos P, Fallarero A, Harrison JJ, Lopes SP, Oliver A, Pereira MO, Ramage G, Shirtliff ME, Stoodley P, Webb JS, Zaat SAJ, Goeres DM, Azevedo NF. Minimum information guideline for spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods to assess biofilm formation in microplates. Biofilm 2019; 2:100010. [PMID: 33447797 PMCID: PMC7798448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2019.100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of reproducibility of published studies is one of the major issues facing the scientific community, and the field of biofilm microbiology has been no exception. One effective strategy against this multifaceted problem is the use of minimum information guidelines. This strategy provides a guide for authors and reviewers on the necessary information that a manuscript should include for the experiments in a study to be clearly interpreted and independently reproduced. As a result of several discussions between international groups working in the area of biofilms, we present a guideline for the spectrophotometric and fluorometric assessment of biofilm formation in microplates. This guideline has been divided into 5 main sections, each presenting a comprehensive set of recommendations. The intention of the minimum information guideline is to improve the quality of scientific communication that will augment interlaboratory reproducibility in biofilm microplate assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jontana Allkja
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.,Montana State University, Center for Biofilm Engineering, 366 Barnard Hall, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Thomas Bjarnsholt
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.,ESCMID Study Group for Biofilms, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tom Coenye
- ESCMID Study Group for Biofilms, Basel, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul Cos
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Adyary Fallarero
- Pharmaceutical Design and Discovery (PharmDD), Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joe J Harrison
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Susana P Lopes
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Laboratório de Investigação Em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira (LIBRO), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Maria Olivia Pereira
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Laboratório de Investigação Em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira (LIBRO), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Gordon Ramage
- Oral Sciences Research Group, University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,ESCMID Study Group for Biofilms, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mark E Shirtliff
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Paul Stoodley
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity and Orthopedics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,National Centre for Advanced Tribiology at Southampton (nCATS), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,National Biofilms Innovation Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Jeremy S Webb
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Sebastian A J Zaat
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Darla M Goeres
- Montana State University, Center for Biofilm Engineering, 366 Barnard Hall, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Nuno Filipe Azevedo
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
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Carmello JC, Alves F, Basso FG, de Souza Costa CA, Tedesco AC, Lucas Primo F, Mima EGDO, Pavarina AC. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy reduces adhesion capacity and biofilm formation of Candida albicans from induced oral candidiasis in mice. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 27:402-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Picco DDCR, Cavalcante LLR, Trevisan RLB, Souza-Gabriel AE, Borsatto MC, Corona SAM. Effect of curcumin-mediated photodynamic therapy on Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans: A systematic review of in vitro studies. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 27:455-461. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Pourhajibagher M, Parker S, Chiniforush N, Bahador A. Photoexcitation triggering via semiconductor Graphene Quantum Dots by photochemical doping with Curcumin versus perio-pathogens mixed biofilms. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 28:125-131. [PMID: 31479805 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as an alternative treatment modality has been used adjunctively in the treatment of periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Photosensitizing agents in the form of nanoparticles have been designed for improving the efficiency of aPTD. Graphene quantum dots are a special type of nanocrystals that can promote aPDT when coupled with curcumin (Cur). The main objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of photoexcited GQD-Cur on the metabolic activity of perio-pathogen mixed biofilms. MATERIALS AND METHODS GQD-Cur was synthesized and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectrometry (UV-Vis), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The cell cytotoxicity effect of GQD-Cur was evaluated on primary human gingival fibroblast (HuGu) cells. Perio-pathogen mixed biofilms including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia photosensitized with GQD doped with Cur were irradiated with a blue LED at a wavelength of 435 ± 20 nm for 1 min, and then bacterial viability measurements were performed. The antimicrobial susceptibility profile, biofilm formation ability, amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) released, and variations of gene expressions involved in biofilm formation were assessed. RESULTS The SEM, DLS, FTIR, UV-Vis spectrometry, and XRD pattern confirmed that GQD-Cur was synthesized successfully. According to the results, GQD-Cur exhibited no cytotoxicity against HuGu cells. Photoexcited GQD-Cur resulted in a significant reduction in cell viability (93%) and biofilm formation capacity (76%) of peri-pathogens compared to the control group (P < 0.05). According to the results, a significant concentration-dependent increase in the ROS generation was observed in perio-pathogens mixed cells treated with different doses of GQD-Cur-aPDT. Moreover, rcpA, fimA, and inpA gene expression profiles were downregulated by 8.1-, 9.6-, and 11.8-folds, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results, photoexcited GQD-Cur have a high potency of perio-pathogens suppression in planktonic and biofilm forms and downregulation of the biofilm genes expression pattern was exploited as a nanoscale-based platform for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Steven Parker
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Nasim Chiniforush
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Ma J, Shi H, Sun H, Li J, Bai Y. Antifungal effect of photodynamic therapy mediated by curcumin on Candida albicans biofilms in vitro. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 27:280-287. [PMID: 31233886 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canida albicans can cause opportunistic infections ranging from superficial mucous membrane lesions to life-threatening disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the antifungal effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated by curcumin (CUR) on C. albicans biofilms in vitro. METHODS One standard strain ATCC 90028 and two clinical isolates from HIV (CCA1) and oral lichen planus (CCA2) patients' oral cavities were used in this study. Biofilms were photosensitized with 60 μM CUR and irradiated by light emitting diode (LED) under the wavelength of 455 nm and energy densities of 2.64, 5.28, 7.92, 10.56, 13.2 J/cm2. Then the antifungal effects of CUR-PDT were evaluated by XTT reduction assay and confocal light scanning microscopy (CLSM) observations. The effects of CUR-PDT on the expression levels of hypha-specific and biofilm-related genes including EFG1, UME6, HGC1 and ECE1 were assessed by quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) method. RESULTS The inhibition rates after CUR-PDT in three biofilms(ATCC 90028, CCA1, CCA2)were 90.87%, 66.44% and 86.74% respectively (p < 0.05). Relative gene expression levels of EFG1, UME6, HGC1 and ECE1 were all downregulated after CUR-PDT, with fold-decrease of 6.865, 3.382, 2.167 and 6.887 in ATCC 90028, 2.466, 2.146, 1.627 and 3.102 in CCA1, and 5.406, 2.347, 2.073and 3.711 in CCA2 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Curcumin-mediated PDT could effectively inactivateCandida albicans biofilms in vitro. Expression of genes involved in biofilms formation were downregulated after CUR-PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Institution: Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12, Rd. Wulumuqi, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hang Shi
- Institution: Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12, Rd. Wulumuqi, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongying Sun
- Institution: Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12, Rd. Wulumuqi, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiyang Li
- Institution: School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No.826, Rd. Zhangheng, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yu Bai
- Institution: Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12, Rd. Wulumuqi, Shanghai, China.
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Lamarque GCC, Méndez DAC, Gutierrez E, Dionisio EJ, Machado MAAM, Oliveira TM, Rios D, Cruvinel T. Could chlorhexidine be an adequate positive control for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in- in vitro studies? Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 25:58-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Merigo E, Chevalier M, Conti S, Ciociola T, Fornaini C, Manfredi M, Vescovi P, Doglio A. Antimicrobial effect on Candida albicans biofilm by application of different wavelengths and dyes and the synthetic killer decapeptide KP. Laser Ther 2019; 28:180-186. [PMID: 32009731 DOI: 10.5978/islsm.28_19-or-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the application in vitro of different laser wavelengths at a low fluence in combination or not with proper photosensitizing dyes on Candida albicans biofilm with or without a synthetic killer decapeptide (KP). Candida albicans SC5314 was grown on Sabouraud dextrose agar plates at 37°C for 24 h. Cells were suspended in RPMI 1640 buffered with MOPS and cultured directly on the flat bottom of 96-wells plates. The previously described killer decapeptide KP was used in this study. Three different combinations of wavelengths and dyes were applied, laser irradiation has been performed at a fluence of 10 J/cm2. The effect on C. albicans biofilm was evaluated by the XTT assay. Microscopic observations were realized by fluorescence optic microscopy with calcofluor white and propidium iodide. Compared with control, no inhibition of C. albicans biofilm viability was obtained with application of red, blue and green lasers alone or with any combination of red diode laser, toluidine blue and KP. The combined application of blue diode laser with curcumin and/or KP showed always a very significant inhibition, as curcumin alone and the combination of curcumin and KP did, while combination of blue diode laser and KP gave a less significant inhibition, the same obtained with KP alone. The combined application of green diode laser with erythrosine and/or KP showed always a very significant inhibition, as the combination of erythrosine and KP did, but no difference was observed with respect to the treatment with erythrosine alone. Again, combination of green diode laser and KP gave a significant inhibition, although paradoxically lower than the one obtained with KP alone. Treatment with KP alone, while reducing biofilm viability did not cause C. albicans death in the adopted experimental conditions. On the contrary, combined treatment with blue laser, curcumin and KP, as well as green laser, erythrosine and KP led to death most C. albicans cells. The combination of laser light at a fluence of 10 J/cm2 and the appropriate photosensitizing agent, together with the use of KP, proved to exert differential effects on C. albicans biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Merigo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy.,Micoralis Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Marlène Chevalier
- Micoralis Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Stefania Conti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Tecla Ciociola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Fornaini
- Micoralis Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France.,Group of Applied ElectroMagnetics, Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Vescovi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Alain Doglio
- Micoralis Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
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Curcumin-based photosensitization inactivates Aspergillus flavus and reduces aflatoxin B1 in maize kernels. Food Microbiol 2018; 82:82-88. [PMID: 31027823 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Different methods have been applied in controlling contamination of foods and feeds by the carcinogenic fungal toxin, aflatoxin, but nevertheless the problem remains pervasive in developing countries. Curcumin is a natural polyphenolic compound from the spice turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) that has been identified as an efficient photosensitiser for inactivation of Aspergillus flavus conidia. Curcumin mediated photoinactivation of A. flavus has revealed the potential of this technology to be an effective method for reducing population density of the aflatoxin-producing fungus in foods. This study demonstrates the influence of pH and temperature on efficiency of photoinactivation of the fungus and how treating spore-contaminated maize kernels affects aflatoxin production. The results show the efficiency of curcumin mediated photoinactivation of fungal conidia and hyphae were not affected by temperatures between 15 and 35 °C or pH range of 1.5-9.0. The production of aflatoxin B1 was significantly lower (p < 0.05), with an average of 82.4 μg/kg as compared to up to 305.9 μg/kg observed in untreated maize kept under similar conditions. The results of this study indicate that curcumin mediated photosensitization can potentially be applied under simple environmental conditions to achieve significant reduction of post-harvest contamination of aflatoxin B1 in maize.
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Pourhajibagher M, Kazemian H, Chiniforush N, Hosseini N, Pourakbari B, Azizollahi A, Rezaei F, Bahador A. Exploring different photosensitizers to optimize elimination of planktonic and biofilm forms of Enterococcus faecalis from infected root canal during antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 24:206-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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da Collina GA, Freire F, Santos TPDC, Sobrinho NG, Aquino S, Prates RA, da Silva DDFT, Tempestini Horliana ACR, Pavani C. Controlling methylene blue aggregation: a more efficient alternative to treat Candida albicans infections using photodynamic therapy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:1355-1364. [PMID: 30183793 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00238j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Methylene Blue (MB) has been widely used in antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT), however, the mechanisms of action (Type I or Type II) are defined by its state of aggregation. In this sense, the identification of the relationships between aggregation, the mechanisms of action and the effectiveness against microorganisms, as well as the establishment of the means and the formulations that may favor the most effective mechanisms, are essential. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the in vitro aPDT efficacies against Candida albicans, by using MB in vehicles which may influence the aggregation and present an oral formulation (OF) containing MB, to be used in clinical aPDT procedures. The efficacy of MB at 20 mg L-1 was tested in a range of vehicles (water, physiological solution - NaCl 0.9%, phosphate saline buffer - PBS, sodium dodecyl sulfate 0.25% - SDS and urea 1 mol L-1) in a C. albicans planktonic culture, when using 4.68 J cm-2 of 640 ± 12 nm LED for the irradiations, as well as 5 minutes of pre-irradiation time, together with measuring the UFC mL-1. Based upon these analyses, an OF containing MB in the most effective vehicle was tested in the biofilms, as a proposal for clinical applications. When comparing some of the vehicles, sodium dodecyl sulfate was the only one that enhanced an MB aPDT efficacy in a planktonic C. albicans culture. This OF was tested in the biofilms and 50 mg L-1 MB was necessary, in order to achieve some reduction in the cell viabilities after the various treatments. The light dosimetries still need further adaptations, in order for this formulation to be used in clinical applications. The present research has indicated that the development of this formulation for the control of MB aggregations may result in more effective clinical protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Alves da Collina
- Post-Graduation Program of Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho - UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Trigo-Gutierrez JK, Sanitá PV, Tedesco AC, Pavarina AC, Mima EGDO. Effect of Chloroaluminium phthalocyanine in cationic nanoemulsion on photoinactivation of multispecies biofilm. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 24:212-219. [PMID: 30308310 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photosensitizers in nanocarriers have been investigated for antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT). However, most studies are focused against microorganisms in planktonic or monospecies biofilm. Thus, this in vitro study evaluated the effect of aPDT using Chloroaluminium phthalocyanine (ClAlPc) in cationic nanoemulsion (NE) against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Streptococcus mutans grown as multispecies biofilm. METHODS Standard suspensions of each microorganism were added into wells of a microtiter plate for biofilm growth for 48 h in a candle jar. The biofilms were incubated with ClAlPc in cationic NE at 31.8 μM for 30 min and illuminated with red light fluence of 39.3 J/cm2 (P+L+ group). Additional samples were treated only with photosensitizer (P+L-) or red light (P-L+) or neither (P-L-, control group). aPDT efficacy was assessed by colony quantification, biofilm's metabolic activity, total biomass, and confocal microscopy. Data were analyzed by ANOVA/Welch and post-hoc Tukey/Games-Howell tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS aPDT (P+L+) reduced the colony count in 1.30 to 2.24 lg10 and the metabolic activity in 53.7% compared with the control group (P-L-). The total biomass showed no statistical difference among the groups. The confocal microscopy analyzes showed uptake of the PS in the biofilm, and dead cells were observed in the biofilm treated with aPDT. CONCLUSION aPDT mediated by ClAlPc in cationic NE promoted photoinactivation of the multispecies biofilm, which was confirmed by colony quantification, metabolic activity, and confocal microscopy. However, the total biomass of the biofilm was not affected by the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffersson Krishan Trigo-Gutierrez
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Volpato Sanitá
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Tedesco
- Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineers, Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, FFCLRP-São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Pavarina
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira Mima
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Carolina Alves R, Perosa Fernandes R, Fonseca-Santos B, Damiani Victorelli F, Chorilli M. A Critical Review of the Properties and Analytical Methods for the Determination of Curcumin in Biological and Pharmaceutical Matrices. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2018; 49:138-149. [PMID: 30252504 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1489216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin, a natural compound extracted from turmeric (Curcuma longa), has been extensively studied because of its various pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibiotic, antiprotozoal, immunomodulatory, anti-proliferative, antitumor, and anticarcinogenic effects. However, low solubility in aqueous media has limited its therapeutic applications. To overcome these bioavailability issues, the use of drug delivery systems providing localized or targeted delivery of this drug may represent a more viable therapeutic option. Several drug delivery systems have been shown to significantly enhance the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin. Additionally, a wide variety of analytical methods are available for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of curcumin in different matrices, including plant extracts, biological fluids, and drug delivery systems. There are a variety of methodologies to quantify curcumin, but chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques are the ones most commonly used. Thus, in this review, we evaluate the biological properties of curcumin, as well as its nanotechnology-based delivery systems and methods of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Carolina Alves
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Araraquara, São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Fonseca-Santos
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Araraquara, São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Marlus Chorilli
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Araraquara, São Paulo , Brazil
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