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Winifred Nompumelelo Simelane N, Abrahamse H. Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery Systems in Photodynamic Therapy of Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12405. [PMID: 34830287 PMCID: PMC8622021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) involving a malignant tumour remains one of the greatest contributing causes of fatal mortality and has become the third globally ranked malignancy in terms of cancer-associated deaths. Conventional CRC treatment approaches such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are the most utilized approaches to treat this disease. However, they are limited by low selectivity and systemic toxicity, so they cannot completely eradicate this disease. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging therapeutic modality that exerts selective cytotoxicity to cancerous cells through the activation of photosensitizers (PSs) under light irradiation to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), which then cause cancer cell death. Cumulative research findings have highlighted the significant role of traditional PDT in CRC treatment; however, the therapeutic efficacy of the classical PDT strategy is restricted due to skin photosensitivity, poor cancerous tissue specificity, and limited penetration of light. The application of nanoparticles in PDT can mitigate some of these shortcomings and enhance the targeting ability of PS in order to effectively use PDT against CRC as well as to reduce systemic side effects. Although 2D culture models are widely used in cancer research, they have some limitations. Therefore, 3D models in CRC PDT, particularly multicellular tumour spheroids (MCTS), have attracted researchers. This review summarizes several photosensitizers that are currently used in CRC PDT and gives an overview of recent advances in nanoparticle application for enhanced CRC PDT. In addition, the progress of 3D-model applications in CRC PDT is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa;
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Prieto-Montero R, Prieto-Castañeda A, Katsumiti A, Cajaraville MP, Agarrabeitia AR, Ortiz MJ, Martínez-Martínez V. Functionalization of Photosensitized Silica Nanoparticles for Advanced Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6618. [PMID: 34205599 PMCID: PMC8234454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BODIPY dyes have recently attracted attention as potential photosensitizers. In this work, commercial and novel photosensitizers (PSs) based on BODIPY chromophores (haloBODIPYs and orthogonal dimers strategically designed with intense bands in the blue, green or red region of the visible spectra and high singlet oxygen production) were covalently linked to mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) further functionalized with PEG and folic acid (FA). MSNs approximately 50 nm in size with different functional groups were synthesized to allow multiple alternatives of PS-PEG-FA decoration of their external surface. Different combinations varying the type of PS (commercial Rose Bengal, Thionine and Chlorine e6 or custom-made BODIPY-based), the linkage design, and the length of PEG are detailed. All the nanosystems were physicochemically characterized (morphology, diameter, size distribution and PS loaded amount) and photophysically studied (absorption capacity, fluorescence efficiency, and singlet oxygen production) in suspension. For the most promising PS-PEG-FA silica nanoplatforms, the biocompatibility in dark conditions and the phototoxicity under suitable irradiation wavelengths (blue, green, or red) at regulated light doses (10-15 J/cm2) were compared with PSs free in solution in HeLa cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Prieto-Montero
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Prieto-Castañeda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.P.-C.); (A.R.A.)
| | - Alberto Katsumiti
- CBET Research Group, Department Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PiE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48620 Basque Country, Spain; (M.P.C.)
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (A.K.)
| | - Miren P. Cajaraville
- CBET Research Group, Department Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PiE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48620 Basque Country, Spain; (M.P.C.)
| | - Antonia R. Agarrabeitia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.P.-C.); (A.R.A.)
| | - María J. Ortiz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.P.-C.); (A.R.A.)
| | - Virginia Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain;
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Borah BM, Cacaccio J, Watson R, Pandey RK. Phototriggered Release of Tumor-Imaging and Therapy Agents from Lyophilized Multifunctional Polyacrylamide Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:5663-5675. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ballav M. Borah
- Photolitec, LLC, 73 High Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Joseph Cacaccio
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Ramona Watson
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Ravindra K. Pandey
- Photolitec, LLC, 73 High Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
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Sztandera K, Gorzkiewicz M, Klajnert-Maculewicz B. Nanocarriers in photodynamic therapy-in vitro and in vivo studies. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 12:e1509. [PMID: 31692285 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive technique which has proven to be successful in the treatment of several types of tumors. This relatively simple method exploits three inseparable elements: phototoxic compound (photosensitizer [PS]), light source, and oxygen. Upon irradiation by light with specified wavelength, PS generates reactive oxygen species, which starts the cascade of reactions leading to cell death. The positive therapeutic outcome of PDT may be limited due to several aspects, including low water solubility of PSs, hampering their effective administration and blood circulation, as well as low tumor specificity, inefficient cellular uptake and activation energies requiring prolonged illumination times. One of the promising approaches to overcome these obstacles involves the use of carrier systems modulating pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the PSs. In the present review, we summarized current in vitro and in vivo studies regarding the use of nanoparticles as potential delivery devices for PSs to enhance their cellular uptake and cytotoxic properties, and thus-the therapeutic outcome of PDT. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Sztandera
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Gorzkiewicz
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Barbara Klajnert-Maculewicz
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Gu Z, Zhu S, Yan L, Zhao F, Zhao Y. Graphene-Based Smart Platforms for Combined Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1800662. [PMID: 30039878 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The extensive research of graphene and its derivatives in biomedical applications during the past few years has witnessed its significance in the field of nanomedicine. Starting from simple drug delivery systems, the application of graphene and its derivatives has been extended to a versatile platform of multiple therapeutic modalities, including photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, magnetic hyperthermia therapy, and sonodynamic therapy. In addition to monotherapy, graphene-based materials are widely applied in combined therapies for enhanced anticancer activity and reduced side effects. In particular, graphene-based materials are often designed and fabricated as "smart" platforms for stimuli-responsive nanocarriers, whose therapeutic effects can be activated by the tumor microenvironment, such as acidic pH and elevated glutathione (termed as "endogenous stimuli"), or light, magnetic, or ultrasonic stimuli (termed as "exogenous stimuli"). Herein, the recent advances of smart graphene platforms for combined therapy applications are presented, starting with the principle for the design of graphene-based smart platforms in combined therapy applications. Next, recent advances of combined therapies contributed by graphene-based materials, including chemotherapy-based, photothermal-therapy-based, and ultrasound-therapy-based synergistic therapy, are outlined. In addition, current challenges and future prospects regarding this promising field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjun Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liang Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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HSA-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles for MRI-Guided Photodynamic Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10040284. [PMID: 30562981 PMCID: PMC6321360 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising technique for cancer treatment; however, low tissue permeability for irradiating light and insufficient photosensitizer (PS) accumulation in tumors limit its clinical potential. Nanoparticles are engineered to improve selective drug delivery to tumor sites, but its accumulation is highly variable between tumors and patients. Identifying PS accumulation peak in a personalized manner is crucial for therapeutic outcome. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) provide opportunity for tracking drug accumulation in dynamics using non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The purpose of the study was to evaluate MNP loaded with PS as a theranostic tool for treating cancer in mice xenograft colon cancer models. Methods: MNPs coated with human serum albumin (HSA) were loaded with bacteriochlorine a. MRI, atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) and fluorescent imaging were used to study MNP and drug accumulation rates and dynamics in CT26 tumors. Tumor growth curves were evaluated in animals that received PDT at different time points upon MNP systemic injection. Results: Peak MNP accumulation in tumors was detected by MRI 60 min post injection (pi) and the data were verified by AES and fluorescent imaging. Up to 17% of injected dose/g of tissue was delivered to malignant tissues 24 h after injection. Consistent with MRI predicted drug accumulation peak PDT performed 60 min after intravenous injection was more efficient in inhibiting tumor growth than treatment scheduled 30 min and 240 min pi. Conclusions: PS loading on HAS-coated MNPs is a perspective approach to increase drug delivery to tumor site. Tracking for MNP accumulation by MRI can be used to predict drug concentration peak in tumors and to adjust PDT time scheduling for improved antitumor response.
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Viard M, Reichard H, Shapiro BA, Durrani FA, Marko AJ, Watson RM, Pandey RK, Puri A. Design and biological activity of novel stealth polymeric lipid nanoparticles for enhanced delivery of hydrophobic photodynamic therapy drugs. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:2295-2305. [PMID: 30059754 PMCID: PMC8034484 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Advances in in vivo stability and preferential tumor uptake of cancer nanomedicine are warranted for effective chemotherapy. Here, we describe a novel nanoformulation using an unconventional polymeric tubule-forming phospholipid, DC8,9PC. We report that DC8,9PC transitions to stable vesicles (LNPs) in the presence of PEGylated lipid (DSPE-PEG2000); the resulting DC8,9PC:DSPE-PEG2000 LNPs efficiently included a hydrophobic PDT drug, HPPH. Remarkably, these LNPs incorporated unusually high DSPE-PEG2000 concentrations; LNP10-HPPH and LNP20-HPPH (10 & 20 mol% PEGylated lipid, respectively) exhibited >90% serum stability at 37 °C. Increased PEGylation in the LNPs correlated with enhanced tumor accumulation in intravenously injected HT29 tumor mouse xenographs. Colon-26 bearing BALB/c mice, intravenously injected with LNP20-HPPH showed superior PDT efficacy and animal survival (no tumor recurrence up to 100 days) as compared to a formulation currently used in clinical trials. Taken together, we present a simple stealth binary lipid nanosystem with enhanced efficiency of tumor accumulation and superior therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Viard
- RNA Structure and Design Section, RNA Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, U.S.A.; Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, U.S.A
| | - Henry Reichard
- RNA Structure and Design Section, RNA Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, U.S.A
| | - Bruce A Shapiro
- RNA Structure and Design Section, RNA Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, U.S.A
| | - Farukh A Durrani
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, U.S.A
| | - Aimee J Marko
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, U.S.A
| | - R Michelle Watson
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, U.S.A
| | - Ravindra K Pandey
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, U.S.A..
| | - Anu Puri
- RNA Structure and Design Section, RNA Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, U.S.A..
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Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy assessment of three indocyanine green-loaded metal-organic frameworks against Enterococcus faecalis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 23:331-338. [PMID: 30077652 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has emerged as one of the promising non-invasive adjuvant treatments of endodontic infections. The key part of this technique is application of an optimized nontoxic photosensitizer (PS), like indocyanine green (ICG) which when activated by light can destroy bacterial contaminants. Notwithstanding all featured properties of ICG, this PS mainly suffers from the lack of stability and concentration-dependent aggregation. A variety of nanomaterials (NMs) has been widely exploited to improve the stability and efficiency of ICG. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficiency of three high capacious metal organic frameworks (MOFs) to produce MOF-ICG as novel PSs improving ICG loading, stability and antimicrobial activity. This is first report on ICG-loaded MOFs for aPDT against endodontic infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three different nano-MOFs were synthesized (denoted as Fe-101, Al-101 and Fe-88), and employed for ICG loading (MOF-ICG). The stability of immobilized ICG, antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties of MOF-ICG against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) as one of the main factors of endodontic infections as well as expression ratio of the esp gene in E. faecalis were evaluated. RESULTS Fe-101 and Al-101 showed acceptable ICG loading (ICG loading capacity of 16.93 ± 0.32 and 18.17 ± 0.31, respectively) as well as considerable enhanced aqueous stability (percent of degradation were only 14% and 17%, respectively) in comparison to free ICG (percent of degradation was 95%) after 10 days. ICG-free MOFs could surprisingly suppress the viability of E. faecalis after laser irradiation up to 18.1%, 28.8%, and 38.3% for Al-101, Fe-88 and Fe-101, respectively. ICG loaded MOFs mediated aPDT could significantly reduce the count of E. faecalis to 60.72%, 45.12%, and 62.67%, respectively (p < 0.05). The Fe-88-ICG-PDT, Fe-101-ICG-PDT and Al-101-ICG-PDT considerably dropped the biofilm formation of E. faecalis by 37.54%, 47.01% and 53.68% (p < 0.05). The expression of esp gene was also remarkably declined to 4.4-, 6.0- and 6.2-fold after aPDT in the presence of Fe-88-ICG, Al-101-ICG and Fe-101-ICG, respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Owing to the significant features of the Fe-101 including acceptable ICG loading and stability, as well as reasonable antimicrobial effect after ICG loading in comparison to free ICG, it could be considered as a promising nano-PSs in aPDT to remove E. faecalis.
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Kwiatkowski S, Knap B, Przystupski D, Saczko J, Kędzierska E, Knap-Czop K, Kotlińska J, Michel O, Kotowski K, Kulbacka J. Photodynamic therapy - mechanisms, photosensitizers and combinations. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1098-1107. [PMID: 30119176 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1011] [Impact Index Per Article: 168.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a modern and non-invasive form of therapy, used in the treatment of non-oncological diseases as well as cancers of various types and locations. It is based on the local or systemic application of a photosensitive compound - the photosensitizer, which is accumulated in pathological tissues. The photosensitizer molecules absorb the light of the appropriate wavelength, initiating the activation processes leading to the selective destruction of the inappropriate cells. The photocytotoxic reactions occur only within the pathological tissues, in the area of photosensitizer distribution, enabling selective destruction. Over the last decade, a significant acceleration in the development of nanotechnology has been observed. The combination of photosensitizers with nanomaterials can improve the photodynamic therapy efficiency and eliminate its side effects as well. The use of nanoparticles enables achievement a targeted method which is focused on specific receptors, and, as a result, increases the selectivity of the photodynamic therapy. The object of this review is the anticancer application of PDT, its advantages and possible modifications to potentiate its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław Kwiatkowski
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Knap
- Chair and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dawid Przystupski
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Saczko
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Kędzierska
- Chair and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Knap-Czop
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwillowska 11, 20-080, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Kotlińska
- Chair and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Olga Michel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kotowski
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Jamali Z, Khoobi M, Hejazi SM, Eivazi N, Abdolahpour S, Imanparast F, Moradi-Sardareh H, Paknejad M. Evaluation of targeted curcumin (CUR) loaded PLGA nanoparticles for in vitro photodynamic therapy on human glioblastoma cell line. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 23:190-201. [PMID: 29969678 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, antibody-conjugated biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles were developed to enhance the photodaynamic efficiency of curcumin (CUR) on glioblastoma tumor cells. Poly (D, l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) were synthesized and stabilized by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Poly(ethylene-alt-maleic anhydride) (PEMA) was used to provide carboxyl groups on the surface of NPs. The CUR or FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate) was encapsulated in PLGA NPs using the nanoprecipitation method. The carboxylic groups on the surface of the PLGA NPs were covalently conjugated to the amino groups of a monoclonal antibody against EGFRvIII (A-EGFRvIII-f). The prepared NPs were fully characterized by Zetasizer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and then entrapment efficiency (EE), drug loading efficiency (DLE), CUR release, cell internalization, intrinsic cytotoxicity, and phototoxicity were evaluated. Furthermore, the effect of monoclonal antibody (MAb) on the tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFRvIII after photodynamic therapy (PDT) was assessed. The immunoreactivity of the antibody in MAb-PLGA NPs was preserved during the process of conjugation. The selective cellular internalization of MAb-PLGA NPs (FITC or CUR loaded) into the DKMG/EGFRvIII cells (EGFRvIII overexpressed human glioblastoma cell line) in comparison with DK-MGlow (human glioblastoma cell line with low level of EGFRvIII) was also confirmed. MAb-CUR-PLGA NPs were able to show more effective photodynamic toxicity (56% vs. 24%) on the DKMG/EGFRvIII cells compared to CUR-PLGA NPs. These results suggest that the anti-EGFRvIII MAb-CUR-PLGA NPs have potential of targeted drug delivery system for PDT in the overexpressed EGFRvIII tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jamali
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoobi
- Nanobiomaterials Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Marjaneh Hejazi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Bio Optical Imaging Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Eivazi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Abdolahpour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Imanparast
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Hemen Moradi-Sardareh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Paknejad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Adimoolam MG, A. V, Nalam MR, Sunkara MV. Chlorin e6 loaded lactoferrin nanoparticles for enhanced photodynamic therapy. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:9189-9196. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02599h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The LeN NPs of Lf and Ce6 enhanced the intracellular delivery of the PS improving photo-induced cell death compared to free PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh G. Adimoolam
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
- AcSIR-Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
- India
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Maeda H, Tsukigawa K, Fang J. A Retrospective 30 Years After Discovery of the Enhanced Permeability and Retention Effect of Solid Tumors: Next-Generation Chemotherapeutics and Photodynamic Therapy--Problems, Solutions, and Prospects. Microcirculation 2016; 23:173-82. [PMID: 26237291 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Solid tumor has unique vascular architecture, excessive production of vascular mediators, and extravasation of macromolecules from blood vessels into the tumor tissue interstitium. These features comprise the phenomenon named the EPR effect of solid tumors, described in 1986. Our investigations on the EPR revealed that many mediators, such as bradykinin, NO, and prostaglandins, are involved in the EPR effect, which is now believed to be the most important element for cancer-selective drug delivery. However, tumors in vivo manifest great diversity, and some demonstrate a poor EPR effect, for example, because of impaired vascular flow involving thrombosis, with poor drug delivery and therapeutic failure. Another important element of this effect is that it operates in metastatic cancers. Because few drugs are currently effective against metastases, the EPR effect offers a great advantage in nanomedicine therapy. The EPR effect can also be augmented two to three times via nitroglycerin, ACE inhibitors, and angiotensin II-induced hypertension. The delivery of nanomedicines to tumors can thereby be enhanced. In traditional PDT, most PSs had low MW and little tumor-selective accumulation. Our hydroxypropylmetacrylamide-polymer-conjugated-PS, zinc protoporphyrin (apparent MW >50 kDa) showed tumor-selective accumulation, as revealed by fluorescent imaging of autochthonous cancers. After one i.v. injection of polymeric PS followed by two or three xenon light irradiation/treatments, most tumors regressed. Thus, nanoprobes with the EPR effect seem to have remarkable effects. Enhancing the EPR effect by using vascular modulators will aid innovations in PDT for greater tumor-targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Maeda
- Institute of Drug Delivery Science, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Tsukigawa
- Institute of Drug Delivery Science, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jun Fang
- Institute of Drug Delivery Science, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Rui LL, Cao HL, Xue YD, Liu LC, Xu L, Gao Y, Zhang WA. Functional organic nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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14
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Shirakura T, Ray A, Kopelman R. Polyethylenimine incorporation into hydrogel nanomatrices for enhancing nanoparticle-assisted chemotherapy. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02414a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Addition of polyethylenimine into drug loaded hydrogel nanoparticle leads to enhanced cellular uptake, better ability to control drug release and deliver drugs to the cytosol, while evading the endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aniruddha Ray
- Biophysics and Chemistry
- The University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
| | - Raoul Kopelman
- Biophysics and Chemistry
- The University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
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15
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Abstract
In chemotherapy a fine balance between therapeutic and toxic effects needs to be found for each patient, adapting standard combination protocols each time. Nanotherapeutics has been introduced into clinical practice for treating tumors with the aim of improving the therapeutic outcome of conventional therapies and of alleviating their toxicity and overcoming multidrug resistance. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved, minimally invasive procedure emerging in cancer treatment. It involves the administration of a photosensitizer (PS) which, under light irradiation and in the presence of molecular oxygen, produces cytotoxic species. Unfortunately, most PSs lack specificity for tumor cells and are poorly soluble in aqueous media, where they can form aggregates with low photoactivity. Nanotechnological approaches in PDT (nanoPDT) can offer a valid option to deliver PSs in the body and to solve at least some of these issues. Currently, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are emerging as nanoPDT system because their features (size, surface properties, and release rate) can be readily manipulated by selecting appropriate materials in a vast range of possible candidates commercially available and by synthesizing novel tailor-made materials. Delivery of PSs through NPs offers a great opportunity to overcome PDT drawbacks based on the concept that a nanocarrier can drive therapeutic concentrations of PS to the tumor cells without generating any harmful effect in non-target tissues. Furthermore, carriers for nanoPDT can surmount solubility issues and the tendency of PS to aggregate, which can severely affect photophysical, chemical, and biological properties. Finally, multimodal NPs carrying different drugs/bioactive species with complementary mechanisms of cancer cell killing and incorporating an imaging agent can be developed. In the following, we describe the principles of PDT use in cancer and the pillars of rational design of nanoPDT carriers dictated by tumor and PS features. Then we illustrate the main nanoPDT systems demonstrating potential in preclinical models together with emerging concepts for their advanced design.
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Bhaumik J, Kirar S, Laha JK. Theranostic Nanoconjugates of Tetrapyrrolic Macrocycles and Their Applications in Photodynamic Therapy. OXIDATIVE STRESS IN APPLIED BASIC RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-30705-3_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Iqbal M, Robin S, Humbert P, Viennet C, Agusti G, Fessi H, Elaissari A. Submicron polycaprolactone particles as a carrier for imaging contrast agent for in vitro applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 136:488-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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18
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Debele TA, Peng S, Tsai HC. Drug Carrier for Photodynamic Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:22094-136. [PMID: 26389879 PMCID: PMC4613299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160922094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive combinatorial therapeutic modality using light, photosensitizer (PS), and oxygen used for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. When PSs in cells are exposed to specific wavelengths of light, they are transformed from the singlet ground state (S₀) to an excited singlet state (S₁-Sn), followed by intersystem crossing to an excited triplet state (T₁). The energy transferred from T₁ to biological substrates and molecular oxygen, via type I and II reactions, generates reactive oxygen species, (¹O₂, H₂O₂, O₂*, HO*), which causes cellular damage that leads to tumor cell death through necrosis or apoptosis. The solubility, selectivity, and targeting of photosensitizers are important factors that must be considered in PDT. Nano-formulating PSs with organic and inorganic nanoparticles poses as potential strategy to satisfy the requirements of an ideal PDT system. In this review, we summarize several organic and inorganic PS carriers that have been studied to enhance the efficacy of photodynamic therapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilahun Ayane Debele
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 106 Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Sydney Peng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 300 Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Hsieh-Chih Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 106 Taipei, Taiwan.
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Hamblin MR, Chiang LY, Lakshmanan S, Huang YY, Garcia-Diaz M, Karimi M, de Souza Rastelli AN, Chandran R. Nanotechnology for photodynamic therapy: a perspective from the Laboratory of Dr. Michael R. Hamblin in the Wellman Center for Photomedicine at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School. NANOTECHNOLOGY REVIEWS 2015; 4:359-372. [PMID: 26640747 PMCID: PMC4666539 DOI: 10.1515/ntrev-2015-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The research interests of the Hamblin Laboratory are broadly centered on the use of different kinds of light to treat many different diseases. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses the combination of dyes with visible light to produce reactive oxygen species and kill bacteria, cancer cells and destroy unwanted tissue. Likewise, UV light is also good at killing especially pathogens. By contrast, red or near-infrared light can have the opposite effect, to act to preserve tissue from dying and can stimulate healing and regeneration. In all these applications, nanotechnology is having an ever-growing impact. In PDT, self-assembled nano-drug carriers (micelles, liposomes, etc.) play a great role in solubilizing the photosensitizers, metal nanoparticles can carry out plasmon resonance enhancement, and fullerenes can act as photosensitizers, themselves. In the realm of healing, single-walled carbon nanotubes can be electrofocused to produce nano-electonic biomedical devices, and nanomaterials will play a great role in restorative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Long Y. Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Shanmugamurthy Lakshmanan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ying-Ying Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Mahdi Karimi
- Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Rakkiyappan Chandran
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC, USA
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Zhen Z, Tang W, Zhang W, Xie J. Folic acid conjugated ferritins as photosensitizer carriers for photodynamic therapy. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:10330-10333. [PMID: 25998995 PMCID: PMC4885642 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01833a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We coupled folic acid as a tumour targeting ligand to the surface of ferritins and loaded them with ZnF16Pc. The resulting nanoconjugates can efficiently hone in on 4T1 tumours in vivo, and, with photoirradiation, leading to suppressed tumour growth and tumour metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipeng Zhen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Weizhong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Jin Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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21
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Near-IR Triggered Photon Upconversion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63481-8.00273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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22
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Ryan AA, Senge MO. How green is green chemistry? Chlorophylls as a bioresource from biorefineries and their commercial potential in medicine and photovoltaics. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:638-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00435c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chlorophylls are the natural green pigments par excellence and offer potential as therapeutics and in energy generation. This perspective outlines the state-of-the-art, their possible applications and indicates future directions in the context of green chemistry and their production from biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife A. Ryan
- School of Chemistry
- SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- 152-160 Pearse Street
- Trinity College Dublin
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- School of Chemistry
- SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- 152-160 Pearse Street
- Trinity College Dublin
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23
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Kearney MC, Brown S, McCrudden MTC, Brady AJ, Donnelly RF. Potential of microneedles in enhancing delivery of photosensitising agents for photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2014; 11:459-66. [PMID: 25291556 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy can be used in the treatment of pre-malignant and malignant diseases. It offers advantages over other therapies currently used in the treatment of skin lesions including avoidance of damage to surrounding tissue and minimal or no scarring. Unfortunately, systemic delivery of photosensitising agents can result in adverse effects, such as prolonged cutaneous photosensitivity; while topical administration lacks efficacy in the clearance of deeper skin lesions and those with a thick overlying keratotic layer. Therefore, enhancement of conventional photosensitiser delivery is desired. However, the physicochemical properties of photosensitising agents, such as extreme hydrophilicity or lipophilicity and large molecular weights make this challenging. This paper reviews the potential of microneedles as a viable method to overcome these delivery-limiting physicochemical characteristics and discusses the current benefits and limitations of solid, dissolving and hydrogel-forming microneedles. Clinical studies in which microneedles have successfully improved photodynamic therapy are also discussed, along with benefits which microneedles offer, such as precise photosensitiser localisation, painless application and reduction in waiting times between photosensitiser administration and irradiation highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Carmel Kearney
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Sarah Brown
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | | | - Aaron J Brady
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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24
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Advances in imaging probes and optical microendoscopic imaging techniques for early in vivo cancer assessment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 74:53-74. [PMID: 24120351 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A new chapter in the history of medical diagnosis happened when the first X-ray technology was invented in the late 1800s. Since then, many non-invasive and minimally invasive imaging techniques have been invented for clinical diagnosis to research in cellular biology, drug discovery, and disease monitoring. These imaging modalities have leveraged the benefits of significant advances in computer, electronics, and information technology and, more recently, targeted molecular imaging. The development of targeted contrast agents such as fluorescent and nanoparticle probes coupled with optical imaging techniques has made it possible to selectively view specific biological events and processes in both in vivo and ex vivo systems with great sensitivity and selectivity. Thus, the combination of targeted molecular imaging probes and optical imaging techniques have become a mainstay in modern medicinal and biological research. Many promising results have demonstrated great potentials to translate to clinical applications. In this review, we describe a discussion of employing imaging probes and optical microendoscopic imaging techniques for cancer diagnosis.
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25
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Gupta A, Wang S, Marko A, Joshi P, Ethirajan M, Chen Y, Yao R, Sajjad M, Kopelman R, Pandey RK. Polyacrylamide-based biocompatible Nanoplatform enhances the tumor uptake, PET/fluorescence imaging and anticancer activity of a chlorophyll analog. Theranostics 2014; 4:614-28. [PMID: 24723983 PMCID: PMC3982132 DOI: 10.7150/thno.8478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report we demonstrate the outstanding advantages of multifunctional nanoplatforms for cancer-imaging and therapy. The non-toxic polyacrylamide (PAA) nanoparticles (size:18-25 nm) formulation drastically changed the pharmacokinetic profile of the ¹²⁴I- labeled chlorophyll-a derivative (formulated in 10% ethanol in PBS) with a remarkable enhancement in tumor uptake, and significantly reduced uptake in spleen and liver. Among the various nanoformulations investigated, the ¹²⁴I- labeled photosensitizer (dose: 0.6142 MBq), and the cyanine dye-nanoparticles (CD-NP) conjugate (dose 0.3 μmol/kg) in combination showed great potential for tumor imaging (PET/NIR fluorescence) in BALB/c mice bearing Colon26 tumors. Compared to free non-labeled photosensitizer, the corresponding PAA nanoformulation under similar treatment parameters showed a remarkable enhancement in long-term tumor cure by PDT (photodynamic therapy) and provides an opportunity to develop a single nanoplatform for tumor-imaging (PET/fluorescence) and phototherapy, a practical "See and Treat" approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Gupta
- 1. PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Shouyan Wang
- 2. Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Aimee Marko
- 1. PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Penny Joshi
- 1. PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Manivannan Ethirajan
- 1. PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Yihui Chen
- 1. PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Rutao Yao
- 3. Department of Nuclear Medicine, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14032, USA
| | - Munawwar Sajjad
- 3. Department of Nuclear Medicine, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14032, USA
| | - Raoul Kopelman
- 2. Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Ravindra K. Pandey
- 1. PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Yoon HK, Lou X, Chen YC, Koo Lee YE, Yoon E, Kopelman R. Nano-photosensitizers Engineered to Generate a Tunable Mix of Reactive Oxygen Species, for Optimizing Photodynamic Therapy, Using a Microfluidic Device. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2014; 26:1592-1600. [PMID: 24701030 PMCID: PMC3970790 DOI: 10.1021/cm403505s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This work is aimed at engineering photosensitizer embedded nanoparticles (NPs) that produce optimal amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). A revised synthetic approach, coupled with improved analytical tools, resulted in more efficient PDT. Specifically, methylene blue (MB) conjugated polyacrylamide nanoparticles (PAA NPs), with a polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEGDMA, Mn 550) cross-linker, were synthesized so as to improve the efficacy of cancer PDT. The long cross-linker chain, PEGDMA, increases the distance between the conjugated MB molecules so as to avoid self-quenching of the excited states or species, and also enhances the oxygen permeability of the NP matrix, when compared to the previously used shorter cross-linker. The overall ROS production from the MB-PEGDMA PAA NPs was evaluated using the traditional way of monitoring the oxidation rate kinetics of anthracence-9,10-dipropionic acid (ADPA). We also applied singlet oxygen sensor green (SOSG) so as to selectively derive the singlet oxygen (1O2) production rate. This analysis enabled us to investigate the ROS composition mix based on varied MB loading. To effectively obtain the correlation between the ROS productivity and the cell killing efficacy, a microfluidic chip device was employed to provide homogeneous light illumination from an LED for rapid PDT efficacy tests, enabling simultaneous multiple measurements while using only small amounts of NPs sample. This provided multiplexed, comprehensive PDT efficacy assays, leading to the determination of a near optimal loading of MB in a PAA matrix for high PDT efficacy by measuring the light-dose-dependent cell killing effects of the various MB-PEGDMA PAA NPs using C6 glioma cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Ki Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Xia Lou
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Yu-Chih Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Yong-Eun Koo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Euisik Yoon
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Raoul Kopelman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
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Rong P, Yang K, Srivastan A, Kiesewetter DO, Yue X, Wang F, Nie L, Bhirde A, Wang Z, Liu Z, Niu G, Wang W, Chen X. Photosensitizer loaded nano-graphene for multimodality imaging guided tumor photodynamic therapy. Theranostics 2014; 4:229-39. [PMID: 24505232 PMCID: PMC3915087 DOI: 10.7150/thno.8070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene, a 2-dimensional carbon nanomaterial, has attracted wide attention in biomedical applications, owing to its intrinsic physical and chemical properties. In this work, a photosensitizer molecule, 2-(1-hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-alpha (HPPH or Photochlor®), is loaded onto polyethylene glycol (PEG)-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) via supramolecular π-π stacking. The obtained GO-PEG-HPPH complex shows high HPPH loading efficiency. The in vivo distribution and delivery were tracked by fluorescence imaging as well as positron emission tomography (PET) after radiolabeling of HPPH with (64)Cu. Compared with free HPPH, GO-PEG-HPPH offers dramatically improved photodynamic cancer cell killing efficacy due to the increased tumor delivery of HPPH. Our study identifies a role for graphene as a carrier of PDT agents to improve PDT efficacy and increase long-term survival following treatment.
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28
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Srivatsan A, Jenkins SV, Jeon M, Wu Z, Kim C, Chen J, Pandey R. Gold nanocage-photosensitizer conjugates for dual-modal image-guided enhanced photodynamic therapy. Am J Cancer Res 2014; 4:163-74. [PMID: 24465274 PMCID: PMC3900801 DOI: 10.7150/thno.7064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated that gold nanocage-photosensitizer conjugates can enable dual image-guided delivery of photosensitizer and significantly improve the efficacy of photodynamic therapy in a murine model. The photosensitizer, 3-devinyl-3-(1'-hexyloxyethyl)pyropheophorbide (HPPH), was noncovalently entrapped in the poly(ethylene glycol) monolayer coated on the surface of gold nanocages. The conjugate is stable in saline solutions, while incubation in protein rich solutions leads to gradual unloading of the HPPH, which can be monitored optically by fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging. The slow nature of the release in turn results in an increase in accumulation of the drug within implanted tumors due to the passive delivery of gold nanocages. Furthermore, the conjugate is found to generate more therapeutic singlet oxygen and have a lower IC50 value than the free drug alone. Thus the conjugate shows significant suppression of tumor growth as compared to the free drug in vivo. Short-term study showed neither toxicity nor phenotypical changes in mice at therapeutic dose of the conjugates or even at 100-fold higher than therapeutic dose of gold nanocages.
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29
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Yang Y. Upconversion nanophosphors for use in bioimaging, therapy, drug delivery and bioassays. Mikrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-013-1139-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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30
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Karamchand L, Kim G, Wang S, Hah HJ, Ray A, Jiddou R, Koo Lee YE, Philbert MA, Kopelman R. Modulation of hydrogel nanoparticle intracellular trafficking by multivalent surface engineering with tumor targeting peptide. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:10327-44. [PMID: 24056573 PMCID: PMC3823366 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr00908d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Surface engineering of a hydrogel nanoparticle (NP) with the tumor-targeting ligand, F3 peptide, enhances both the NP's binding affinity for, and internalization by, nucleolin overexpressing tumor cells. Remarkably, the F3-functionalized NPs consistently exhibited significantly lower trafficking to the degradative lysosomes than the non-functionalized NPs, in the tumor cells, after internalization. This is attributed to the non-functionalized NPs, but not the F3-functionalized NPs, being co-internalized with Lysosome-associated Membrane Protein-1 (LAMP1) from the surface of the tumor cells. Furthermore, it is shown that the intracellular trafficking of the F3-functionalized NPs differs significantly from that of the molecular F3 peptides (untethered to NPs). This has important implications for designing effective, chemically-responsive, controlled-release and multifunctional nanodrugs for multi-drug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leshern Karamchand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Ave, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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Curry T, Epstein T, Smith R, Kopelman R. Photothermal therapy of cancer cells mediated by blue hydrogel nanoparticles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 8:1577-86. [PMID: 23432340 PMCID: PMC3758451 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro the utility of biologically compatible, nontoxic and cell-specific targetable hydrogel nanoparticles (NPs), which have Coomassie® Brilliant Blue G dye (Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA) covalently linked into their polyacrylamide matrix, as candidates for photothermal therapy (PTT) of cancer cells. MATERIALS & METHODS Hydrogel NPs with Coomassie Brilliant Blue G dye covalently linked into their polyacrylamide matrix were fabricated using a reverse micelle microemulsion polymerization method and were found to be 80-95 nm in diameter, with an absorbance value of 0.52. PTT-induced hyperthermia/thermolysis was achieved at 37°C using an inexpensive, portable, light-emitting diode array light source (590 nm, 25 mW/cm(2)). RESULTS & CONCLUSION Hydrogel NPs with Coomassie Brilliant Blue G dye linked into their polyacrylamide matrix are effective in causing PTT-induced thermolysis in immortalized human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) cells for varying NP concentrations and treatment times. These multifunctional particles have previously been used in cancer studies to enable delineation, for glioma surgery and in photoacoustic imaging studies. The addition of the PTT function would enable a three-pronged theranostic approach to cancer medicine, such as guided tumor surgery with intra-operative photoacoustic imaging and intra-operative PTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyjuana Curry
- Departments of Physics & Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tamir Epstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ron Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Raoul Kopelman
- Departments of Physics & Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Aoki PHB, Carreon EGE, Volpati D, Shimabukuro MH, Constantino CJL, Aroca RF, Oliveira ON, Paulovich FV. SERS mapping in Langmuir-Blodgett films and single-molecule detection. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 67:563-569. [PMID: 23643046 DOI: 10.1366/12-06909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Plasmon-enhanced spectroscopic techniques have expanded single-molecule detection (SMD) and are revolutionizing areas such as bio-imaging and single-cell manipulation. Surface-enhanced (resonance) Raman scattering (SERS or SERRS) combines high sensitivity with molecular-fingerprint information at the single-molecule level. Spectra originating from single-molecule SERS experiments are rare events, which occur only if a single molecule is located in a hot-spot zone. In this spot, the molecule is selectively exposed to a significant enhancement associated with a high, local electromagnetic field in the plasmonic substrate. Here, we report an SMD study with an electrostatic approach in which a Langmuir film of a phospholipid with anionic polar head groups (PO4(-)) was doped with cationic methylene blue (MB), creating a homogeneous, two-dimensional distribution of dyes in the monolayer. The number of dyes in the probed area of the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film coating the Ag nanostructures established a regime in which single-molecule events were observed, with the identification based on direct matching of the observed spectrum at each point of the mapping with a reference spectrum for the MB molecule. In addition, advanced fitting techniques were tested with the data obtained from micro-Raman mapping, thus achieving real-time processing to extract the MB single-molecule spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H B Aoki
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, UNESP Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente/SP, 19060-900, Brazil
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Duchi S, Sotgiu G, Lucarelli E, Ballestri M, Dozza B, Santi S, Guerrini A, Dambruoso P, Giannini S, Donati D, Ferroni C, Varchi G. Mesenchymal stem cells as delivery vehicle of porphyrin loaded nanoparticles: effective photoinduced in vitro killing of osteosarcoma. J Control Release 2013; 168:225-37. [PMID: 23524189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have the unique ability to home and engraft in tumor stroma. These features render them potentially a very useful tool as targeted delivery vehicles which can deliver therapeutic drugs to the tumor stroma. In the present study, we investigate whether fluorescent core-shell PMMA nanoparticles (FNPs) post-loaded with a photosensitizer, namely meso-tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin (TPPS) and uploaded by MSC could trigger osteosarcoma (OS) cell death in vitro upon specific photoactivation. In co-culture studies we demonstrate using laser confocal microscopy and time lapse imaging, that only after laser irradiation MSC loaded with photosensitizer-coated fluorescent NPs (TPPS@FNPs) undergo cell death and release reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are sufficient to trigger cell death of all OS cells in the culture. These results encourage further studies aimed at proving the efficacy of this novel tri-component system for PDT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Duchi
- Osteoarticolar Regeneration Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute IOR, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
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Master A, Livingston M, Sen Gupta A. Photodynamic nanomedicine in the treatment of solid tumors: perspectives and challenges. J Control Release 2013; 168:88-102. [PMID: 23474028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising treatment strategy where activation of photosensitizer drugs with specific wavelengths of light results in energy transfer cascades that ultimately yield cytotoxic reactive oxygen species which can render apoptotic and necrotic cell death. Without light the photosensitizer drugs are minimally toxic and the photoactivating light itself is non-ionizing. Therefore, harnessing this mechanism in tumors provides a safe and novel way to selectively eradicate tumor with reduced systemic toxicity and side effects on healthy tissues. For successful PDT of solid tumors, it is necessary to ensure tumor-selective delivery of the photosensitizers, as well as, the photoactivating light and to establish dosimetric correlation of light and drug parameters to PDT-induced tumor response. To this end, the nanomedicine approach provides a promising way towards enhanced control of photosensitizer biodistribution and tumor-selective delivery. In addition, refinement of nanoparticle designs can also allow incorporation of imaging agents, light delivery components and dosimetric components. This review aims at describing the current state-of-the-art regarding nanomedicine strategies in PDT, with a comprehensive narrative of the research that has been carried out in vitro and in vivo, with a discussion of the nanoformulation design aspects and a perspective on the promise and challenges of PDT regarding successful translation into clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Master
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2071 Martin Luther King Drive, Cleveland 44106, USA
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Josefsen LB, Boyle RW. Unique diagnostic and therapeutic roles of porphyrins and phthalocyanines in photodynamic therapy, imaging and theranostics. Theranostics 2012; 2:916-66. [PMID: 23082103 PMCID: PMC3475217 DOI: 10.7150/thno.4571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyrinic molecules have a unique theranostic role in disease therapy; they have been used to image, detect and treat different forms of diseased tissue including age-related macular degeneration and a number of different cancer types. Current focus is on the clinical imaging of tumour tissue; targeted delivery of photosensitisers and the potential of photosensitisers in multimodal biomedical theranostic nanoplatforms. The roles of porphyrinic molecules in imaging and pdt, along with research into improving their selective uptake in diseased tissue and their utility in theranostic applications are highlighted in this Review.
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Monasterolo C, Ballestri M, Sotgiu G, Guerrini A, Dambruoso P, Sparnacci K, Laus M, De Cesare M, Pistone A, Beretta GL, Zunino F, Benfenati V, Varchi G. Sulfonates-PMMA nanoparticles conjugates: a versatile system for multimodal application. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:6640-7. [PMID: 23043726 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the viability of a novel nanoparticles (NPs) conjugated system, namely the attachment, based on ionic and hydrophobic interactions, of different sulfonated organic salts to positively charged poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA)-based core-shell nanoparticles (EA0) having an high density of ammonium groups on their shells. In this context three different applications of the sulfonates@EA0 systems have been described. In detail, their ability as cytotoxic drugs and pro-drugs carriers was evaluated in vitro on NCI-H460 cell line and in vivo against human ovarian carcinoma IGROV-1 cells. Besides, 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid, trisodium salt (HPTS) was chosen for NPs loading, and its internalization as bioimaging probe was evaluated on Hep G2 cells. Overall, the available data support the interest for these PMMA NPs@sulfonates systems as a promising formulation for theranostic applications. In vivo biological data strongly support the potential value of these core-shell NPs as delivery system for negatively charged drugs or biologically active molecules. Additionally, we have demonstrated the ability of these PMMA core-shell nanoparticles to act as efficient carriers of fluorophores. In principle, thanks to the high PMMA NPs external charge density, sequential and very easy post-loading of different sulfonates is achievable, thus allowing the preparation of nanocarriers either with bi-modal drug delivery behaviour or as theranostic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Monasterolo
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, CNR-I.S.O.F., Area della Ricerca di Bologna, via P. Gobetti 101, Bologna, Italy
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Wang S, Kim G, Lee YEK, Hah HJ, Ethirajan M, Pandey RK, Kopelman R. Multifunctional biodegradable polyacrylamide nanocarriers for cancer theranostics--a "see and treat" strategy. ACS NANO 2012; 6:6843-51. [PMID: 22702416 PMCID: PMC3429656 DOI: 10.1021/nn301633m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We describe here the development of multifunctional nanocarriers, based on amine-functionalized biodegradable polyacrylamide nanoparticles (NPs), for cancer theranostics, including active tumor targeting, fluorescence imaging, and photodynamic therapy. The structural design involves adding primary amino groups and biodegradable cross-linkers during the NP polymerization, while incorporating photodynamic and fluorescent imaging agents into the NP matrix, and conjugating PEG and tumor-targeting ligands onto the surface of the NPs. The as-synthesized NPs are spherical, with an average diameter of 44 nm. An accelerated biodegradation study, using sodium hydroxide or porcine liver esterase, indicated a hydrogel polymer matrix chain collapse within several days. By using gel permeation chromatography, small molecules were detected, after the degradation. In vitro targeting studies on human breast cancer cells indicate that the targeted NPs can be transported efficiently into tumor cells. Incubating the multifunctional nanocarriers into cancer cells enabled strong fluorescence imaging. Irradiation of the photosensitizing drug, incorporated within the NPs, with light of a suitable wavelength, causes significant but selective damage to the impregnated tumor cells, but only inside the illuminated areas. Overall, the potential of polymeric-based NPs as biodegradable, multifunctional nanocarriers, for cancer theranostics, is demonstrated here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Gwangseong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Yong-Eun Koo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Hoe Jin Hah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | | | - Raoul Kopelman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Corresponding author,
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Gupta A, Wang S, Pera P, Rao K, Patel N, Ohulchanskyy TY, Missert J, Morgan J, Koo-Lee YE, Kopelman R, Pandey RK. Multifunctional nanoplatforms for fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy developed by post-loading photosensitizer and fluorophore to polyacrylamide nanoparticles. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2012; 8:941-50. [PMID: 22115602 PMCID: PMC3516373 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel post-loading approach for constructing a multifunctional biodegradable polyacrylamide (PAA) nanoplatform for tumor-imaging (fluorescence) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). This approach provides an opportunity to post-load the imaging and therapeutic agents at desired concentrations. Among the PAA nanoparticles, a formulation containing the photosensitizer, HPPH [3-(1'-hexyloxyethyl)pyropheophorbide-a], and the cyanine dye in a ratio of 2:1 minimized the undesirable quenching of the HPPH electronic excitation energy because of energy migration within the nanoparticles and/or Förster (fluorescence) resonance energy transfer (FRET) between HPPH and cyanine dye. An excellent tumor-imaging (NIR fluorescence) and phototherapeutic efficacy of the nanoconstruct formulation is demonstrated. Under similar treatment parameters the HPPH in 1% Tween 80/5% aqueous dextrose formulation was less effective than the nanoconstruct containing HPPH and cyanine dye in a ratio of 2 to 1. This is the first example showing the use of the post-loading approach in developing a nanoconstructs for tumor-imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Gupta
- PDT Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Shouyan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - Paula Pera
- PDT Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - K.V.R. Rao
- PDT Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Nayan Patel
- PDT Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | | | - Joseph Missert
- PDT Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Janet Morgan
- Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Yong-Eun Koo-Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - Raoul Kopelman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
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