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Yi KH, Oh W, Kim HM, Park HJ. Is multiple wavelength diode laser for facial contouring safe? J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:1588-1591. [PMID: 38348577 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The multiple wavelength diode laser (MWDL) is a sophisticated device designed to target deeper skin layers by emitting various wavelengths. Its unique feature is the ability to deliver heat to specific depths within the tissue using different wavelengths while simultaneously cooling the skin surface. Recent research by Choi et al. suggests that wavelengths of 755 and 810 nm can induce carbonization in hair follicles, while the 1064 nm wavelength penetrates deeper into tissues. MWDL has been proposed for fat redistribution in aging, but concerns have been raised regarding ocular safety and potential tissue damage, particularly when used near the eyes. Studies have shown ocular injuries during cosmetic laser procedures, emphasizing the need for robust ocular protection and safety protocols. Additionally, there are reports of internal ischemic necrosis and burns, highlighting the importance of precise energy settings and parameter management. While MWDL shows promise, further research and comprehensive guidelines are needed to ensure safe and effective usage in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Ho Yi
- Maylin Clinic (Apgujeong), Seoul, Korea
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook Oh
- Maylin Clinic (The Hyundai), Seoul, Korea
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2
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Vahidian A, Momayezan Marnani P, Mehdizadeh A, Rezaeian A, Ostovari M. Evaluating the effect of glycerol on increasing the safety and efficiency of hyperthermic laser lipolysis. Lasers Med Sci 2024; 39:84. [PMID: 38427121 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-04029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of glycerol as an Optical Clearing Agent on the temperature profile of the skin during HyperThermic Laser Lipolysis using computer simulation. In this study, a three-layer model of the skin was used to simulate HyperThermic Laser Lipolysis. The Monte Carlo MCML code was used to investigate the propagation of laser photons inside skin tissue. The energy absorbed from photons is used as a heat source to determine the increase in temperature and assess thermal damage in the layers of the skin. The finite element method in COMSOL software was used for calculation. The simulation of single-pulse radiation exposure with and without applying glycerol to the skin model was investigated to assess the impact of glycerol. Glycerol decreases the temperature and thermal damage to the epidermis layer while increasing the temperature of the fat layer. Moreover, the presence of glycerol increases the depth of fat cell destruction. Glycerol, as a supplement, significantly improves the efficacy of HyperThermic Laser Lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsane Vahidian
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Blvd., Shiraz, Fars, 71, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Mehdizadeh
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Blvd., Shiraz, Fars, 71, Iran
| | - Abbas Rezaeian
- Department of Radiology Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Goldasht, Khorramabad, Lorestan, 66, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ostovari
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Blvd., Shiraz, Fars, 71, Iran.
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Rodríguez Lastra J, Cardona YG. Loss of subcutaneous fat in 20 patients, both sexes, using a second-generation TECAR device of 1.240 Watts and results analyzed with magnetic resonance. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:869-875. [PMID: 38062900 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body contouring and abdominal fat loss without surgery are increasingly used technique. In a study in pigs, it is noted that both capacitive and resistive radiofrequency stimulation reduced subcutaneous fat. One human study demonstrated a loss of 2.90 cm in waist diameter. Second-generation TECAR (Acronym for Transfer Electric Capacitive and Resistive) device with 4 channels, 200 cm2 work area per channel, and high power (1240 W), regulates body energy input by measuring absorption in the body and adjusting the power for 80 min at 50°C. AIMS To evaluate the loss of subcutaneous fat, this magnitude was measured in grams and centimeters throughout the abdomen by MRI before and after each treatment. SUBJECT AND METHODS We have studied 25 patients, 13 women and 12 men with a mean age of 49 years. All patients had their waist diameter measured and an MRI performed before and after 10 continuous sessions except Saturday and Sunday, over 2 weeks. Additionally, a lipid profile was performed on the same day of the study and at the end of it. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee. RESULTS Waist diameter decreased by 5.5 cm, these differences being statistically significant (p = 0.000). Subcutaneous fat measured by MRI in cm decreased by 784 cm (p = 0.000). In grams, it decreased 808.7 g (p = 0.000). In the lipid profile, all the values decreased, but they were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The use of this second generation of TECAR equipment at 1 MHz decreases the waist diameter by more than 5 cm and leads to the loss of more than 800 grams of subcutaneous fat in 12 days. It is a method without risks or side effects, well tolerated, and an alternative for those patients who do not want to go to the operating room.
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Choi J, Yi KH. Using multiple wavelengths in order to improve the facial contouring procedure by the lipolysis and sculpting. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:464-469. [PMID: 37787104 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The process of fat redistribution during aging is well-known to fat accumulation toward inferior and medial areas of the face. Utilizing laser devices with simultaneous multiple wavelengths has been employed for fat lipolysis and body and facial sculpting. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study is case series that had been taken over 10 women (24-45 years old) participated in this study to address fatty tissue redistribution with aging, which was treated using a triple-wavelength laser (755, 810, and 1064 nanometers) device (Soprano Titanium, Alma, Israel). Each participant underwent up to three treatments at three-week periods and was followed up for 6 months after the last treatment. Clinical photographs were taken before and after the treatments to evaluate the efficacy. RESULTS The 10 participants scored a satisfaction result with the GAIS and the VAS scores, measuring pain perception during the procedure. Only two patients experienced minor pain during treatment, and no participants reported significant side effects. CONCLUSION Employing a laser device with multiple wavelengths would represent an innovative approach, offering the advantage of no downtime and a painless procedure for facial contouring treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Choi
- Maylin Clinic (Apgujeong), Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu-Ho Yi
- Maylin Clinic (Apgujeong), Seoul, Korea
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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Alizadeh Z, Halabchi F, Bodaghabadi Z, Zarandi MM, Abolhasani M, Seifi V, Khazaei R, Ghanadi S, Mazaheri R, Tabesh MR. Non-invasive Body Contouring Technologies: An Updated Narrative Review. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024; 48:659-679. [PMID: 37749418 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-023-03647-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nowadays, a lot of body contouring devices and methods are introduced all over the world. The object of the present narrative review was to update and classify existing evidence on these methods and devices. METHODS We searched databases including PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar for 11 essential keywords, including cryolipolysis, high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), shock wave, low-level laser therapy (LLLT), radiofrequency (RF), capacitive resistive electrical transfer (TECAR), high-intensity focused electromagnetic (HIFEM), electromyostimulation (EMS), carboxytherapy, mesotherapy, and acupuncture and their abbreviations, in addition to obesity, overweight, cellulite, subcutaneous fat, and body contouring. RESULTS Totally 193 references were used in 11 main topics. CONCLUSION In order to help physicians with finding the best evidence in different methods, the data were summarised in 11 topics. Furthermore, FDA-approved devices, side effects and common protocols were described in each section. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I This journal requires that authors 39 assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full 40 description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, 41 please refer to the Table of Contents or the online 42 Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Alizadeh
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farzin Halabchi
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Bodaghabadi
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Abolhasani
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Centre, Cardiac primary prevention research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Seifi
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Khazaei
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Ghanadi
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mazaheri
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mastaneh Rajabian Tabesh
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center (CPPRC), Heart Centre Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wu S, Jiang Z, Dong J, Yao M. Evaluation of thermodynamic bioeffects of long-pulsed 1064 nm laser in the photothermal lipolysis. Lasers Surg Med 2024; 56:90-99. [PMID: 38018661 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the lipolysis effect of air cooling assisted long-pulsed 1064 laser for improving local adiposity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The second-level (pulse duration of 0.3-60 s) long-pulsed Nd:YAG 1064 nm laser (LP1064 nm) with or without forced-air cooling was used to irradiate ex-vivo subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of pig or human and in-vivo inguinal fat tissue of Sprague Dawley rats. The temperature of skin surface as well as 5 mm deep SAT was monitored by a plug-in probe thermal couple, and the former was confined to 39°C or 42°C during the treatment. Histological analysis of SAT response was evaluated by SAT sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin and oil red O. Ultra-microstructure changes were examined by transmission electron microscopy. A pilot study on human subject utilizing LP1064 nm laser with air cooling was conducted. The changes in gross abdomen circumference and ultrasonic imaging were studied. RESULTS Histological examination showed that LP1064 nm laser treatment induced adipocyte injury and hyperthermic lipolysis both in- and ex-vivo. It was also confirmed by clinical practice on patients. By real-time temperature monitoring, we found that in comparison with LP1064 nm laser alone, additional air cooling could increase the temperature difference between epidermis and SAT, promoting heat accumulation deep in fat tissue, as well as providing better protection for epidermis. CONCLUSION LP1064 nm laser provided reliable adipose tissue thermolysis when the temperature of skin surface was sustained at 39°C or 42°C for 10 min. Application of air-cooling during the laser treatment achieved better effect and safety of photothermal lipolysis. LP1064 nm laser, as a noninvasive device, has comparable thermal lipolysis effect as other common heat-generating devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixuan Jiang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiying Dong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Yao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Traumatic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Kang A, Kislevitz M, Wamsley C, Barillas J, Hoopman J, Kenkel J, Kilmer S. Clinical evaluation of the safety and efficacy of a 1060 nm diode laser for non-invasive fat reduction of the flanks. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:3017-3025. [PMID: 37608607 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laser hyperthermia-induced lipolysis is a non-invasive method of localized fat treatment. Non-invasive approaches could be an option for a growing number of patients who are risk-averse and are seeking out non-invasive alternatives to surgical procedures such as liposuction. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of a 1060 nm diode laser for the non-invasive fat reduction of the flanks. METHODS A total of 30 subjects were enrolled in this prospective, single center study. Subjects received one 25-min treatment with a 1060 nm diode laser to both flanks. Follow-up visits were conducted at 6 and 12 weeks after the last treatment. Ultrasound adipose thickness, body weight, and circumference measurements were taken at baseline and at the 6- and 12-week follow-up visits. Subject satisfaction was assessed using a self-assessment of fat reduction, pain, and tolerability scales, and a subject satisfaction questionnaire. Safety was assessed via the presence or absence of any adverse events. RESULTS The average age of subjects was 47.3 years. A total of 27 subjects completed the treatment and returned for both follow-up visits. An adipose reduction of 7.57 ± 1.15% at 6 weeks post-treatment (p < 0.0001) was measured using ultrasound. High subject satisfaction was seen, with 74% of subjects reporting being either "satisfied" or "very satisfied" with their results on a 5-point Likert Scale. Eighty-two percent of subjects stated they would recommend the treatment to their friends. All subjects had either mild or moderate pain, with 52% of subjects rating their pain as "mild" (1-3), while 48% rated their pain as moderate (4-7) on the Wong-Baker Scale. CONCLUSIONS A single treatment with a 1060 nm diode laser was both safe and effective in reducing unwanted fat in the flanks without any unanticipated adverse events. Subjects described their treatment pain as mild or moderate and were highly satisfied with their treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Kang
- Laser and Skin Surgery Center of Northern California, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Mikaela Kislevitz
- Department of Plastic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Christine Wamsley
- Department of Plastic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer Barillas
- Department of Plastic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - John Hoopman
- Department of Plastic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey Kenkel
- Department of Plastic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Suzanne Kilmer
- Laser and Skin Surgery Center of Northern California, Sacramento, California, USA
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8
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Bae JS, Abueva CDG, Park GH, Kim S, Mo JH, Ryu HS, Chung PS, Woo SH. Electrochemical lipolysis of subcutaneous adipose tissue in a porcine animal model. Lasers Surg Med 2023; 55:200-207. [PMID: 36490319 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is a considerable demand for noninvasive low-cost fat reduction methods with fewer side effects and shorter recovery times. This study aims to develop a fat-reduction method through electrochemical lipolysis of subcutaneous adipocytes using needle-based electrodes, body tissue fluids, and electrical current application. METHODS Electrochemical lipolysis was performed by inserting a 4-pin needle electrode connected to a DC power supply into the pig's abdomen. Applied electrical current (0.5 and 1 mA) and treatment time (5 or 10 minutes) were varied systematically. Ultrasound imaging was performed before and after treatment to determine changes in fat thickness. Tissue samples were collected at 0, 2, and 4 weeks posttreatment for histological evaluation to determine the mechanism of action and the procedure's efficacy. RESULTS Electrochemical subcutaneous adipose tissue lipolysis in a porcine model was achieved through hydrolysis of physiologic fluid within the vicinity of the inserted electrode where an electric current is applied, leading to localized disruption of fat cell membranes and necrosis. Electric current configuration 1.0 mA showed more pronounced lipolysis effects applied for 10 minutes, significantly decreasing adipocyte content per treatment area. The electrochemical treatment method also stimulates collagen synthesis, which helps reduce fat. CONCLUSIONS Electrochemical lipolysis is a potential new noninvasive localized technique to reduce fat. The treatment method induces fat cell necrosis via in situ reduction-oxidation reaction by the electrochemical activation of physiologic fluid in the surrounding tissue. Electrochemical lipolysis is a simple, low-cost, fat-reducing treatment method without harmful side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sang Bae
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea.,Beckman Laser Institute-Korea, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea.,Medical Laser Center, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Celine D G Abueva
- Beckman Laser Institute-Korea, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea.,Medical Laser Center, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | | | - Sehwan Kim
- Beckman Laser Institute-Korea, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Korea
| | - Ji-Hun Mo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea.,Beckman Laser Institute-Korea, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea.,Medical Laser Center, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Ryu
- Interdisciplinary Program for Medical Laser, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Phil-Sang Chung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea.,Beckman Laser Institute-Korea, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea.,Medical Laser Center, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Woo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea.,Beckman Laser Institute-Korea, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea.,Medical Laser Center, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
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Wanitphakdeedecha R, Evangelista KER, Yan C, Apinuntham C, Techapichetvanich T, Eimpunth S, Lektrakul N, Manuskiatti W. The Efficacy of Noninvasive 1060-Nm Diode Lasers for Submental Lipolysis: A Pilot Study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2022; 15:2775-2783. [PMID: 36569419 PMCID: PMC9788834 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s382582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Submental fat is a noticeable fat in the submental region that is of great concern aesthetically, especially to female patients. A 1060-nm diode laser is a clinically proven device for the laser lipolysis of subcutaneous fat cells. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a 1060-nm diode laser for submental fat reduction. Methods Twenty subjects with unwanted localized submental fat were treated with a single session of a 1060-nm diode laser with an energy setting between 0.95 and 1.40 W/cm2, depending on each patient's tolerance. Submental fat thickness measurements were documented at baseline, and 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. Clinical photographs, ultrasound images, and adverse events were evaluated at each follow-up visit. Subjects responded to a satisfaction questionnaire at the end of the study. Results The subjects had a mean age of 34.55 ± 6.19 years, a mean body weight of 70.66 ± 10.55 kilograms, and most (95%) were women. The average energy setting was 0.95-1.40 W/cm2, with a pain score of 3.90 ± 1.30 on a 0-to-10 scale. A significant reduction in submental fat thickness measured by ultrasound was noted at post-treatment month 3 (falling to 0.46 ± 0.13; P = 0.013). However, there was a slight increase in the submental fat thickness at the 6-month follow-up (to 0.48 ± 0.12); the change in the thickness relative to the baseline was nonsignificant (P = 0.121). Most subjects reported an improvement 6 months after the treatment. No severe adverse events were observed throughout the study period. Conclusion Our study demonstrated the potential role of 1060-nm Diode laser for the treatment of localized submental subcutaneous adiposities. It is a promising alternative treatment modality for patients seeking an in-office, nonsurgical procedure for fat reduction without severe complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungsima Wanitphakdeedecha
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand,Correspondence: Rungsima Wanitphakdeedecha, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Prannok Road, Bangkok Noi, 10700, Thailand, Tel +66 2 419 4333, Fax +66 2 411 9922, Email
| | - Kristy Elleza R Evangelista
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand,Department of Dermatology, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Chadakan Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chalermkwan Apinuntham
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanya Techapichetvanich
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sasima Eimpunth
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nittaya Lektrakul
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Woraphong Manuskiatti
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Xin H, Deng C, Zhou H, Sang X, Chen B. Histopathological evaluation of the R134a multipulsed spray cooling assisted 1210 nm laser lipolysis by the murine model in vivo. Lasers Surg Med Suppl 2022; 54:1298-1308. [PMID: 36229977 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Owing to the greater absorption affinity for lipo-rich tissue than water, the 1210 nm laser is a promising candidate for transcutaneous lipolysis in the near-infrared band. However, fat reduction is limited because laser therapy may yield thermal injury of normal tissue. A new protocol to incorporate multipulsed cryogen spray cooling is beneficial to improve the lipolysis effect, and the parameters of laser and cooling can be optimized via skin histopathological analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A murine in vivo model of inguinal tissue of SD rats was established to test the effectivity of transcutaneous lipolysis protocol by R134a multipulsed spray cooling assisted 1210 nm laser irradiation. Tissue response of lipolysis with/without cooling 10 days post the treatment was evaluated by histopathological analysis of skin samples stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE), through which safe and effective parameters for lipolysis were determined. RESULTS From histopathological analysis of the inguinal tissue of SD rats irradiated by the 1210 nm laser alone, the optimal durations are respectively 7 and 3 s (seconds) for low-dosage (6 W) and high-dosage (9 W) therapy, with pronounced lipolysis effect and minimum injury of skin tissue. The multipulsed spray cooling by R134a with a pulse duration of 10 ms (milliseconds), a pulse delay of 2000 ms, and a pulse number of 5 can be introduced to assist the 1210 nm laser therapy with a power of 9 W and a duration of 7 s to achieve desirable fat liquefaction while keeping the complete structure of skin tissue as well as esthetic-related beneficial effects of hair removal and skin rejuvenation. CONCLUSION Excellent lipolysis effect can be achieved via R134a multipulsed spray cooling assisted high-dosage 1210 nm laser irradiation with reasonably matched laser and cooling parameters. The protocol is as follows: Start MP-CSC for one cycle, and then fire the laser with specific power and duration, while keeping MP-CSC accordingly. This new protocol may promote the safe and effective clinical implement of transcutaneous laser lipolysis in body contouring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenggang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Medical School, Laser Treatment Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuehao Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Choi SY, Park JW, Koh YG, Jung YJ, Huh YJ, Ko EJ, Yoo KH, Seok J, Kim SY, Jue MS, Ko JY, Kim BJ. Cryolipolysis for abdominal subcutaneous fat reduction: a prospective, multicenter, single arm, clinical study. Dermatol Ther 2022; 35:e15717. [PMID: 35837791 DOI: 10.1111/dth.15717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various treatment methods are used for noninvasive body contouring. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a newly designed cryolipolysis device using a three-dimensional cooling method for abdominal fat reduction. METHODS Twenty-five participants with clinically apparent abdominal fat tissue participated in the study. The thickness of fat tissue below the umbilicus level was measured using a caliper at baseline and 12 weeks after the first treatment. The height of abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue on ultrasonography and participant satisfaction were assessed at every visit for 16 weeks. All adverse events (AEs) during the study period were recorded. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS Twenty-four participants completed this study; the mean BMI of participants was 29.34±2.36 kg/m2 . The mean thickness of abdominal subcutaneous fat was significantly lower at 12 weeks (40.4±6.8 mm, p<0.001) than at baseline (49.3±8.5 mm). Differences in the height of abdominal subcutaneous fat compared to that at baseline were 1.02±0.41 cm (12 weeks, p<0.001) and 1.13±0.44 cm (16 weeks, p<0.001). Rates of abdominal subcutaneous fat reduction at 12 and 16 weeks compared to that at baseline were 28.45% and 31.13%, respectively. The ratio of abdominal circumference to hip circumference at 12 and 16 weeks was significantly decreased compared to that at baseline. Most participants (95.8%) reported improvement in satisfaction scores at 16 weeks. There were no serious AEs during the entire study period. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated the efficacy of a noninvasive cryolipolysis device using a three-dimensional cooling method for reducing abdominal subcutaneous fat. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Choi
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Wan Park
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Gue Koh
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - You Jin Jung
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, #222-1, Wangsimni-ro, Sungdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Jung Huh
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, #222-1, Wangsimni-ro, Sungdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Ko
- Department of Dermatology, National Police Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Ho Yoo
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Gwangmyeong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Joon Seok
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Mihn Sook Jue
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, #222-1, Wangsimni-ro, Sungdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Yeon Ko
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, #222-1, Wangsimni-ro, Sungdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Anne D, Thierry A, Keisuke S, Michiyo M. Transformation of highly marbled meats under various cooking processes. Meat Sci 2022; 189:108810. [PMID: 35381569 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cooking induces modifications in meat structure and composition, affecting its sensory and nutritional properties. These changes depend on the cooking method and meat characteristics. In the present study, beef were cooked in three different ways-grilling, boiling, and sous-vide cooking-with two endpoint temperatures, 55 °C and 77 °C, to better understand the general impact of cooking on the structure of fatty meat. Light microscopy was used to visualize muscle, connective, and adipose tissues. After cooking, muscle fibers were more compact, which can be attributed to perimysium shrinkage and water transfer, for all cooking processes except grilling at 55 °C. The cross-sectional area of muscle fibers was not impacted by cooking, regardless of the temperature or cooking method. Connective tissue between adipocytes was affected by cooking at 77 °C, but not at 55 °C. Despite the cooking method used, cooking to well-done (77 °C) clearly affected the structure of the perimysium of beef, possibly because of collagen denaturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duconseille Anne
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ikenodai 2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan; Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), QuaPA, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Astruc Thierry
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), QuaPA, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Sasaki Keisuke
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ikenodai 2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Motoyama Michiyo
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ikenodai 2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan.
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13
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Goodman GJ, Ho WWS, Chang KJ, Ling YF, Sheu AY. Efficacy of a Novel Injection Lipolysis to Induce Targeted Adipocyte Apoptosis: A Randomized, Phase IIa Study of CBL-514 Injection on Abdominal Subcutaneous Fat Reduction. Aesthet Surg J 2022; 42:NP662-NP674. [PMID: 35709509 PMCID: PMC9384315 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjac162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CBL-514 is a novel injectable drug that may be safe and efficacious for localized abdominal subcutaneous fat reduction. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of CBL-514 in reducing abdominal subcutaneous fat volume and thickness. METHODS This Phase IIa, open-label, random allocation study consisted of a 6-week treatment period and follow-up at 4 and 8 weeks following the last treatment. Participants were randomly allocated to receive 1.2 mg/cm2 (180 mg), 1.6 mg/cm2 (240 mg), or 2.0 mg/cm2 (300 mg) of CBL-514 with up to 4 treatments, each comprising 60 injections into the abdominal adipose layer. Changes in abdominal subcutaneous fat were assessed by ultrasound at follow-up visits. Treatment-emergent adverse events were recorded. RESULTS Higher doses of CBL-514 (unit dose, 2.0 and 1.6 mg/cm2) significantly improved the absolute and percentage reduction in abdominal fat volume (P < 0.00001) and thickness (P < 0.0001) compared with baseline. Although the COVID-19 pandemic halted some participant recruitment and follow-ups, analysis was unaffected, even after sample size limitations. CONCLUSIONS CBL-514 injection at multiple doses up to 300 mg with a unit dose of 2.0 mg/cm2 is safe, well-tolerated, and reduced abdominal fat volume and thickness by inducing adipocyte apoptosis. Although other procedures exist to treat abdominal fat, they have limitations and may cause complications. At a dose of 2.0 mg/cm2, CBL-514 safely and significantly reduced abdominal fat volume by 24.96%, making it a promising new treatment for routine, nonsurgical abdominal fat reduction in dermatologic clinics. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yu-Fang Ling
- Caliway Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - An-Yi Sheu
- Corresponding Author:An-Yi Sheu, 32F-7, No. 99, Sec. 1, Xintai 5th Rd, Xizhi District, New Taipei City, 221, Taiwan E-mail:
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14
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Yan C, Wanitphakdeedecha R, Evangelista KER, Tantrapornpong P, Suphatsathienkul P, Lektrakul N, Techapichetvanich T, Eimpunth S, Manuskiatti W. Efficacy of Noninvasive 1060-nm Diode Laser for Medial Knee Fat Reduction. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2022; 12:1253-1261. [PMID: 35499741 PMCID: PMC9110628 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-022-00730-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Laser lipolysis is a rapidly growing noninvasive body-contouring treatment in Asians. There is increasing demand for leg contouring, especially in areas where unwanted fat deposits are prominent despite diet and exercise. Medial fat knees are one of the esthetic concerns of women today and can be a challenging problem in terms of treatment. There are few noninvasive options to remove fat from these areas. This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a 1060-nm diode laser for medial knee fat reduction. METHODS Nineteen subjects with localized unwanted fat on the medial knees were enrolled into this study. All of them were treated with a single session of 1060-nm diode laser at a power setting of 1.0-1.4 W/cm2, depending on patient tolerance. Body weight, knee circumference at 3 cm above the medial epicondyle of the femur, and knee fat thickness measured by ultrasonography were recorded at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. Clinical photographs and ultrasound images were taken before and after treatment. Side effects were documented during follow-up visits. Subjects answered a satisfaction questionnaire at the completion of the study. RESULTS All subjects were female, with mean age of 32.3 ± 5.3 years and body weight of 59.8 ± 11.6 kg. The average power setting was 1.3 ± 0.1 W/cm2 with pain score of 6.1 ± 1.0. Significant reduction in knee circumferences (p < 0.001) at 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up visits compared with baseline, and knee fat thickness measured by ultrasound in both axial and sagittal plane at 1 and 6 months after treatment (p = 0.036 and p < 0.001, respectively) were recorded. Side effects were mild and transient, including mild erythema and tenderness. CONCLUSION The 1060-nm diode laser is effective and safe for knee circumference and medial knee fat layer thickness reduction. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, TCTR20220219002. Retrospectively registered on February 19, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadakan Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Pran-nok Road, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Rungsima Wanitphakdeedecha
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Pran-nok Road, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | | | - Ploypailin Tantrapornpong
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Pran-nok Road, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Panittra Suphatsathienkul
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Pran-nok Road, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Nittaya Lektrakul
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanya Techapichetvanich
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Pran-nok Road, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Sasima Eimpunth
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Pran-nok Road, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Woraphong Manuskiatti
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Pran-nok Road, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
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15
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Fiala T, Lavin P. Safety of a 1064-nm robotic laser system for noninvasive lipolysis of the flanks. Lasers Surg Med 2022; 54:672-681. [PMID: 35266172 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this pilot study was to confirm the safety of a 1064-nm laser device with a novel robotic arm for noninvasive subcutaneous fat reduction in the flank area. Secondary objectives included: assessing the extent of subject discomfort during treatment, overall subject satisfaction with the results of the procedure, and a determination of subcutaneous fat reduction in the treated area, in preparation for larger upcoming trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 110-cm2 area on both flanks of enrolled subjects (N = 11; 22 flanks) was treated for 20 minutes with a Food and Drug Administration-cleared robotic noncontact 1064-nm laser system (EON®; Dominion Aesthetic Technologies, Inc.). Patients were followed for 12 weeks, and examined routinely at 2 weeks, 12 weeks, and additionally as needed, posttreatment. Ad hoc surveys were administered to assess patient satisfaction. A 2-week posttreatment ultrasound scan was used to check for changes in the treated area. Ultrasound measurements were also used to determine the subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness at a center of each treatment zone before treatment and at 12 weeks posttreatment for efficacy determination, with mean thicknesses calculated per subject. RESULTS The treatment had a low incidence of adverse effects, with only one subject developing a palpable thickening in the subcutaneous tissue following treatment. This was noted at the 2-week time period and had resolved by the 12-week posttreatment exam. No other predefined adverse effects were noted. On a scale of 0-10, the mean pain score during the procedure was 1.95, decreasing to 0.9 at 30 minutes postprocedure. Subject satisfaction was "Excellent" for all subjects (100%). At Week 12 after one treatment, the mean reduction in subcutaneous adipose thickness on the treated flanks was 6.1 mm per patient (-15%; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Similar to a prior abdominal study with the same robotic laser device, this pilot study confirms the safety of this 1064-nm noncontact laser device for treating subcutaneous fat on the flanks. The procedure is well tolerated with a high degree of subject satisfaction. The amount of subcutaneous fat reduction in the flank area appears similar to that seen in the abdomen, but larger studies are required for confirmation. CLINICALTRIALS gov Identifier: NCT04797988.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fiala
- Department of Surgery, Fiala Aesthetics, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Altamonte Springs, Florida, USA
| | - Philip Lavin
- Division of Biostatistics, Boston Biostatistics Research Foundation, Inc., Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Yu F, Xin H, Chen B, Zhou Z, Zhou L, Gan H, Zhong Y, Tian J. New protocol for the R134a cryogen spray cooling assisted 1064-nm laser lipolysis. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 37:2605-2614. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03525-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Murgia RD, Noell C, Weiss M, Weiss R. Body contouring for fat and muscle in aesthetics: Review and debate. Clin Dermatol 2022; 40:29-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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Lee JY, Oh SW, Ryu HY, Seo YS. Development of a Minimally Invasive and Non-invasive Lipolysis Laser System for Effective Fat Reduction. J Lasers Med Sci 2021; 12:e55. [PMID: 35155140 PMCID: PMC8837834 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2021.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity is a global problem because it causes various complications. Methods for reducing fat for healthy life are being studied. In this study, we developed a minimally invasive and non-invasive lipolysis laser system for effective fat reduction. Methods: The laser had the wavelengths of 1980 nm and 2300 nm which have very good absorption of fat and water. We developed a minimally invasive laser system that breaks down fat by direct irradiation of fat tissue. This minimally invasive laser system uses a 808 nm diode laser and Nd:YVO4 to generate the 1064 nm wavelength, which is the pumping source of the nonlinear crystals. It is a mid-infrared lipolysis laser system having two wavelengths of 1980 nm and 2300 nm by controlling the temperature of nonlinear crystals. We also developed a non-invasive laser system that reduces fat with hyperthermia treatment by raising the temperature of adipocytes with a 1060 nm penetrating depth into the skin. In this non-invasive laser system, the In gallium arsenide (GaAs) diode laser is irradiated on the skin with an area of 4 × 8 cm2 through the hand-piece. The cooling system in the hand-piece protects the skin from burns. We studied the effectiveness and safety of each system through animal experiment. We studied the effects of lipolysis when these two systems were combined. Results: This research uses new wavelengths (1980 nm, 2300 nm) to increase the fat reduction effect with low energy (1.3 W). After using the 1060 nm (1.1 W/cm2) wavelength laser, when the 1980 nm and 2300 nm (1.3 W) laser were used, a lipolysis effect of about 35 % was obtained. Conclusion: We have developed a 1.3 W mid-infrared (1980 nm, 2300 nm) laser with good lipolysis effect with low power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-young Lee
- R & D Center, Wontech Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34028, Korea
| | - Seok-won Oh
- R & D Center, Wontech Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34028, Korea
| | - Han-young Ryu
- R & D Center, Wontech Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34028, Korea
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19
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Duncan DI. Commentary on: Clinical Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of a 1060-nm Diode Laser for Noninvasive Fat Reduction of the Abdomen. Aesthet Surg J 2021; 41:1166-1169. [PMID: 34019072 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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20
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Kislevitz M, Wamsley C, Kang A, Kilmer S, Hoopman J, Barillas J, Kenkel JM. Clinical Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of a 1060-nm Diode Laser for Non-Invasive Fat Reduction of the Abdomen. Aesthet Surg J 2021; 41:1155-1165. [PMID: 33647960 PMCID: PMC8438592 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjaa418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the proven efficacy of liposuction, there is a population of patients who prefer non-surgical alternatives. Laser hyperthermia-induced lipolysis has emerged as one non-invasive alternative to liposuction. Objectives The authors sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a 1060-nm (±10 nm) diode laser for non-invasive fat reduction of the abdomen. Methods This single-arm, 2-center study enrolled 30 patients. Patients received a 25-minute 1060-nm diode laser treatment on their abdomen. Ultrasound adipose measurements, body weight, and circumference were taken at baseline and at 6- and 12-week follow-up visits. Blinded evaluators identified “before” and “after” photos of each patient. A patient satisfaction questionnaire was completed by each patient at study exit. Results A total 29 patients completed all treatment and follow-up visits. Ultrasound images showed an adipose reduction of 8.55% at 12 weeks post-treatment (P < 0.0001). Blinded evaluators correctly identified 67% of the pre- and post-treatment images at site 01 (Sacramento, CA) and 56% at site 02 (Dallas, TX). Satisfaction was high, with 72% of patients reporting being either “satisfied” or “very satisfied” with their results on a 5-point Likert scale. Pain was rated as mild by 62% of patients, moderate by 38%, and severe by none on the Wong-Baker Scale. Conclusions These results indicate that a single treatment with a 1060-nm (±10 nm) diode laser, per the treatment protocol, is safe and effective in reducing unwanted fat in the abdomen as objectively measured employing ultrasound. The treatment was well-tolerated among all patients, with minimal discomfort reported and high patient satisfaction. Level of Evidence: 4
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela Kislevitz
- Department of General Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Christine Wamsley
- Department of Plastic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Suzanne Kilmer
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - John Hoopman
- Department of Plastic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer Barillas
- Department of Plastic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Kenkel
- Department of Plastic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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21
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Weiss RA, Bernardy J, Tichy F. Simultaneous Application of High-Intensity Focused Electromagnetic and Synchronized Radiofrequency for Fat Disruption: Histological and Electron Microscopy Porcine Model Study. Dermatol Surg 2021; 47:1059-1064. [PMID: 34115683 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000003091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiofrequency (RF) and high-intensity focused electromagnetic (HIFEM) technologies are used for noninvasive body shaping as standalone modalities. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of novel synchronized RF and HIFEM on subcutaneous adipose tissue in a porcine animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven large white pigs aged 6 months received 3 abdominal treatments of simultaneous application of synchronized RF and HIFEM (30 minutes, once per week). Punch biopsies of treated and control subcutaneous tissue were collected at the baseline, 4 days, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 2 months. Specimens were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. Adipocyte volume was analyzed. Fat tissue temperature was measured in situ (fiber optic probes) and superficially (thermal imager). RESULTS Fat layer was heated to temperatures of 42 to 45°C. Signs of fat apoptosis (shape alternations and pyknotic nuclei) appeared at day 4 and peaked between 2 weeks and 1 month. Adipocyte volume decreased significantly (p < .001) by 31.1% at 2 weeks, 1 month (-23.6%), and 2 months (-22.0%). Control samples showed healthy adipocytes. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs corroborated histology findings, showing flattened, volume-depleted and disrupted adipocytes. CONCLUSION Synchronized RF with HIFEM procedure resulted in a significant and sustained fat reduction with no adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Weiss
- Maryland Laser Skin, & Vein Institute, Hunt Valley, Maryland
| | | | - Frantisek Tichy
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, CZ
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22
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Kwon SH, Na JI, Park KC, Huh CH. Noninvasive Abdominal Fat Reduction Using a 1,060-nm Diode Laser Does Not Affect Biophysical Properties of the Skin. Dermatol Surg 2021; 47:1144-1145. [PMID: 33941735 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000002997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Hyo Kwon
- Department of Dermatology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gang-dong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Im Na
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Chan Park
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Chang-Hun Huh
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi, Korea
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23
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Kosir J, Vella D, Lukac M, Jezersek M. Towards personalized and versatile monitoring of temperature fields within heterogeneous tissues during laser therapies. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:4530-4543. [PMID: 34457430 PMCID: PMC8367272 DOI: 10.1364/boe.428028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in medical laser technology have paved the way for its widespread acceptance in a variety of treatments and procedures. Selectively targeting particular tissue structures with minimally invasive procedures limits the damage to surrounding tissue and allows for reduced post-procedural downtime. In many treatments that are hyperthermia-based, the efficiency depends on the achieved temperature within the targeted tissues. Current approaches for monitoring subdermal temperature distributions are either invasive, complex, or offer inadequate spatial resolution. Numerical studies are often therapy-tailored and source tissue parameters from the literature, lacking versatility and a tissue-specific approach. Here, we show a protocol that estimates the temperature distribution within the tissue based on a thermographic recording of its surface temperature evolution. It couples a time-dependent matching algorithm and thermal-diffusion-based model, while recognizing tissue-specific characteristics yielded by a fast calibration process. The protocol was employed during hyperthermic laser treatment performed ex-vivo on a heterogeneous porcine tissue, and in-vivo on a human subject. In both cases the calibrated thermal parameters correlate with the range of values reported by other studies. The matching algorithm sufficiently reproduced the temperature dynamics of heterogeneous tissue. The estimated temperature distributions within ex-vivo tissue were validated by simultaneous reference measurements, and the ones estimated in-vivo reveal a distribution trend that correlates well with similar studies. The presented method is versatile, supported by the protocol for tissue-specific tailoring, and can readily be implemented for temperature monitoring of various hyperthermia-based procedures by means of recording the surface temperature evolution with a miniature thermal camera implemented within a handheld laser scanner or similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jure Kosir
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 6, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Daniele Vella
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 6, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaz Lukac
- Department of Complex Matter, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Fotona d.o.o., Stegne 7, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matija Jezersek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 6, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Mezzana P, Antonucci MG, Fusco I. Preclinical and clinical evaluation on the performance and safety of a novel energy-based device for body shaping: A pilot study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 20:2486-2492. [PMID: 33973344 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence on the market of non-invasive mechanisms aimed at reducing subcutaneous fat achieving a slimming effect arouses great interest in doctors and patients. Several methods for the destruction of adipocytes are today on the market. AIMS This is a pilot study on body fat reduction treatment, using a novel energy-based device for body shaping. METHODS The study is performed on 42 patients, healthy adults of both sexes, with BMI between 25 and 30 kg/m², indicated for the removal of fatty tissue deposits specifically in the following areas: flanks, abdomen, internal legs, trochanter, buttocks, and arms. A minimum of 5 to a maximum of 6 treatments were performed for each patient, with the device, every two weeks and with a follow-up of 6 weeks. Circumference reduction, side effects, and patient pain were evaluated for all patients. RESULTS A set of 42 patients were evaluated. The mean circumference reduction at 6 weeks was 2.42 ± 0.4 cm (p < 0.001). Treatment was well-tolerated (pain score, 3.24 ± 1.03) by all patients. There were no adverse events and patients declared to be satisfied with the aesthetic results obtained with the treatment. CONCLUSION The new device emerges as a valid and safe treatment for all patients and shows a higher security profile with no side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Mezzana
- Plastic Surgery Department, Delle Medical Center, Rome, Italy
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25
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Moon IJ, Choi JW, Jung CJ, Kim S, Park E, Won CH. Efficacy and safety of a novel combined 1060-nm and 635-nm laser device for non-invasive reduction of abdominal and submental fat. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:505-512. [PMID: 33797649 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03288-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of combined 1060-nm diode laser and 635-nm low-level laser therapy (LLLT) device for non-invasive reduction of the abdominal and submental fat. Forty-two healthy subjects received single laser treatment on both the abdomen and submental area. Ultrasound images measuring the thickness of abdominal and submental fat were taken at baseline, follow-up at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment. Waist circumference and body weight were also measured at all visits. Adverse events were recorded at all visits. Subjects completed a satisfaction questionnaire at the end of the trial. Twelve weeks after a single treatment with the investigational device, ultrasound images showed statistically significant (P < 0.0001) reductions in abdominal and submental fat by 18.62 and 26.4%, respectively. In addition, significant (P < 0.0001) reduction in waist circumference was observed. Ninety-six percent of subjects rated that they were satisfied. Noted side effects were transient mild to moderate tenderness which subsided within 1 to 3 weeks. No serious treatment-related adverse events were reported. The dual wavelength device combining 1060-nm diode laser with 635-nm LLLT was safe and effective for non-invasive reduction of both abdominal and submental fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik Jun Moon
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Won Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Jin Jung
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - SeokHwan Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - EunSoo Park
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
| | - Chong Hyun Won
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea.
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Qin J, Guo ME, Xu XG, Zhang C, Yu CQ, Li YH, Chen HD. A clinical evaluation of noninvasive and contactless radiofrequency technique in the treatment of abdominal fat. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 20:2765-2768. [PMID: 33356001 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing demand for fat reduction and body contouring procedures. Noninvasive radiofrequency devices have been used to tighten skin and treat cellulite, but there are few studies confirming their efficacy for abdominal fat reduction. OBJECTIVE This study explored the effects of four noninvasive radiofrequency (RF) treatments on abdominal fat in Asian subjects, evaluating body weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference. METHODS In this study, 16 patients with abdominal obesity were treated four times with a noninvasive and contactless selective RF device (VANQUISH ME™, BTL Aesthetics). Treatments were 7 days apart and lasted 45 min each. The BMI and circumference of the upper, middle, and lower abdomen were measured at baseline and after each treatment. RESULTS There were statistically significant reductions in BMI and abdominal circumference in all 16 patients (P < .05). Most patients only experienced a slight abdominal heat sensation and minimal body sweating during the treatment, and no adverse reactions were observed after the treatment. CONCLUSION The noninvasive and contactless selective RF technique was effective and safe in reducing fat, BMI, and abdominal circumference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qin
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meng-Er Guo
- The Seventh Hospital of Zhongshan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xue-Gang Xu
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cheng-Qian Yu
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan-Hong Li
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong-Duo Chen
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Pham TT, Stokolosa AM, Borden PA, Hansen KD, Hong EM, Krasieva TB, Sivoraphonh RH, Moy WJ, Heidari AE, Lee LH, Kim EH, Sun CH, Jia W, Mo JH, Kim S, Hill MG, Wong BJF. Electrochemical degradation and saponification of porcine adipose tissue. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20745. [PMID: 33247200 PMCID: PMC7695738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76678-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Body contouring achieved via subcutaneous adipose tissue reduction has notably advanced over the past century, from suction assisted lipectomy to techniques with reduced degrees of invasiveness including laser, radiofrequency, high frequency focused ultrasound, cryolipolysis, and drug-based injection approaches. These costly techniques have focused on damaging adipocyte cell membranes, hydrolyzing triglycerides (TGs), or inducing apoptosis. Here, we present a simple, low-cost technique, termed electrochemical lipolysis (ECLL). During ECLL, saline is injected into the subcutaneous adipose tissue, followed by insertion of needle electrodes and application of an electrical potential. Electrolysis of saline creates localized pH gradients that drive adipocyte death and saponification of TGs. Using pH mapping, various optical imaging techniques, and biochemical assays, we demonstrate the ability of ECLL to induce acid and base injury, cell death, and the saponification of triglycerides in ex vivo porcine adipose tissue. We define ECLL's potential role as a minimally-invasive, ultra-low-cost technology for reducing and contouring adipose tissue, and present ECLL as a potential new application of an emerging electrochemical redox based treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany T Pham
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA
| | - Anna M Stokolosa
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA, 90041, USA
| | - Pamela A Borden
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Beckman Laser Institute, University of California - Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Kyle D Hansen
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Beckman Laser Institute, University of California - Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Ellen M Hong
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA
| | - Tatiana B Krasieva
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA
| | - Ryan H Sivoraphonh
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA
| | - Wesley J Moy
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Beckman Laser Institute, University of California - Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Andrew E Heidari
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Beckman Laser Institute, University of California - Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Lauren H Lee
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- Beckman Laser Institute-Korea, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung- Ho Sun
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA
| | - Wangcun Jia
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA
| | - Ji -Hun Mo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan-siChungnam, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan-siChungnam, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael G Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA, 90041, USA
| | - Brian J F Wong
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Beckman Laser Institute, University of California - Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California - Irvine, Orange, CA, 92868, USA.
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Kwon TR, Kim JH, Jang YN, Lee SE, Hong JY, Yoo KH, Kim BJ. Comparison of different energy response for lipolysis using a 1,060-nm laser: An animal study of three pigs. Skin Res Technol 2020; 27:5-14. [PMID: 32786153 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-invasive body-sculpting procedures are becoming increasingly popular. The application of 1,060 nm of laser energy transcutaneously to hyperthermically induce the disruption of fat cells in the abdomen is a type of non-invasive procedure. AIMS The purpose of this study was to compare the treatment results from two parameters of the same system, each with different energy output levels, in an in vivo porcine model to determine the most effective application. METHODS Female pigs (n = 3) were used in this study. We examined the effects of the treatment using photography, ultrasonography, gross and microscopic pathology, and histological examination in order to determine the mechanism of action, efficacy, and safety of the procedure. Blood chemistry analysis was performed before each session to check lipid levels and to monitor for any adverse changes in markers that may indicate liver damage. Biopsies were taken and routinely processed with hematoxylin and eosin and Oil Red O stains to examine for tissue damage at baseline and after each treatment. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays were performed to check for apoptotic-related DNA damage. RESULTS Ultrasonic imaging of the same area before and after the application of 1,060 nm of laser energy at outputs of 0.9 and 1.4 W/cm2 showed that the density of the fat layer changed immediately after irradiation due to the transient heat transfer in the fat layer. Preclinical evaluation was performed to obtain comparison data on the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous fat reduction after applying the different energy outputs of 0.9 and 1.4 W/cm2 . CONCLUSION Based on our findings, we suggest that long-term histologic changes through the use of these devices suggest a comparative effectiveness of the treatment energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Rin Kwon
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hwan Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - You Na Jang
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Hong
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Ho Yoo
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
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Shimojo Y, Nishimura T, Hazama H, Ozawa T, Awazu K. Measurement of absorption and reduced scattering coefficients in Asian human epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous fat tissues in the 400- to 1100-nm wavelength range for optical penetration depth and energy deposition analysis. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:1-14. [PMID: 32356424 PMCID: PMC7191311 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.4.045002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE In laser therapy and diagnosis of skin diseases, the irradiated light distribution, which is determined by the absorption coefficient μa and reduced scattering coefficient μs' of the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous fat, affects the treatment outcome and diagnosis accuracy. Although values for μa and μs' have been reported, detailed analysis for Asian skin tissues is still lacking. AIM We present μa and μs' measurements of Asian skin tissues in the 400- to 1100-nm wavelength range for evaluating optical penetration depth and energy deposition. APPROACH The measurements with Asian human skin samples are performed employing a double integrating sphere spectrometric system and an inverse Monte Carlo technique. Using the measured parameters, the optical penetration depth and energy deposition are quantitatively analyzed. RESULTS The μa of the epidermis layer varies among different ethnic groups, while the μa of the other layers and the μs' of all of the layers exhibit almost no differences. The analysis reveals that the optical penetration depth and the energy deposition affect the photodynamic therapy treatment depth and the heat production in skin tissue, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The experimentally measured values of μa and μs' for Asian skin tissues are presented, and the light behavior in Asian skin tissues is analyzed using a layered tissue model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shimojo
- Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Suita, Japan
- Address all correspondence to Yu Shimojo, E-mail: ; Takahiro Nishimura, E-mail:
| | - Takahiro Nishimura
- Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Suita, Japan
- Address all correspondence to Yu Shimojo, E-mail: ; Takahiro Nishimura, E-mail:
| | - Hisanao Hazama
- Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Suita, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ozawa
- Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kunio Awazu
- Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Suita, Japan
- Osaka University, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Japan
- Osaka University, Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Suita, Japan
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30
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Shimojo Y, Nishimura T, Hazama H, Ito N, Awazu K. Picosecond Laser-Induced Photothermal Skin Damage Evaluation by Computational Clinical Trial. Laser Ther 2020; 29:61-72. [PMID: 32903975 DOI: 10.5978/islsm.20-or-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Computational clinical trial (CCT) in the field of laser medicine promotes clinical application of novel laser devices, because this trial carried out based on numerical modeling of laser-tissue interactions and simulation of a series of treatment process. To confirm the feasibility of the computational clinical trial of skin treatment with a novel picosecond laser, this paper presents an evaluation method of the safety. Study Design/Materials and Methods In this method, the light propagation and thermal diffusion process after ultrashort light pulse irradiation to a numerical skin model is calculated and the safety based on the photothermal damage is evaluated by computational modeling and simulation. As an example, the safety of a novel picosecond laser device was examined by comparing with several laser devices approved for clinical use. Results The ratio of the maximum thermal damage induced by picosecond laser irradiation was 1.2 × 10-2 % at the epidermis, while that caused by approved laser irradiation was 99 % at the capillary vessels. The numerical simulation demonstrated that less thermal damage was observed compared with the approved devices. The results show the safety simulated by photothermal damage calculation was consistent with the reported clinical trials. Conclusions This computational clinical trial shows the feasibility of applying computational clinical trials for the safety evaluation of novel medical laser devices. In contrast to preclinical and clinical tests, the proposed computational method offers regulatory science for appropriately and quickly predicting and evaluating the safety of a novel laser device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shimojo
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - T Nishimura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - H Hazama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - N Ito
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - K Awazu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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31
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Numerical Study of Hyper‐Thermic Laser Lipolysis With 1,064 nm Nd:YAG Laser in Human Subjects. Lasers Surg Med 2019; 51:897-909. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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32
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Han S, Kim Y. Polypyrrole-coated hollow gold nanoshell exerts anti-obesity effects via photothermal lipolysis. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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33
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Tunc B, Gulsoy M. Stereotaxic laser brain surgery with 1940‐nm Tm:fiber laser: An in vivo study. Lasers Surg Med 2019; 51:643-652. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Tunc
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringBahcesehir University, South CampusBesiktasIstanbul34353Turkey
| | - Murat Gulsoy
- Biophotonics LaboratoryInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Kandilli CampusCengelkoyIstanbul34684Turkey
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34
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Safety and Efficacy of a Noninvasive 1,060-nm Diode Laser for Fat Reduction of the Flanks. Dermatol Surg 2018; 44:388-396. [PMID: 28902034 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000001298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preliminary reports indicate a hyperthermic diode laser treatment could be a safe and effective method for noninvasive fat reduction using the 1,060-nm wavelength. This wavelength penetrates the skin to heat subcutaneous adipocytes causing cellular disruption, leaving extracellular lipids, and cellular debris to be evacuated naturally by the body. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of this modality for noninvasive fat reduction of the flanks. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-nine subjects received single laser treatment to 1 flank. Ultrasound images were taken at baseline, follow-up at 6 and 12 weeks after treatment. High-resolution photographs were taken at baseline and 12 weeks after treatment and then evaluated by independent reviewers. Adverse events recorded at all visits. Subjects completed a satisfaction questionnaire at the conclusion of the trial. RESULTS Ultrasound images showed statistically significant (p < .001) average fat reduction of 2.6 ± 1.1 mm. Reviewers correctly ordered photographs 90.3% of the time. Ninety-six percentage of subjects rated that they were satisfied. Noted side effects were transient mild to moderate tenderness which subsided within 1 to 3 weeks; no serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION The hyperthermic 1,060-nm diode laser treatment used in this study was safe and effective for noninvasive fat reduction of the flank.
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Choi SY, Kim YJ, Kim SY, Lee WJ, Chang SE, Lee MW, Choi JH, Won C. Improvement in abdominal and flank contouring by a novel adipocyte-selective non-contact radiofrequency device. Lasers Surg Med 2018; 50:738-744. [PMID: 29733103 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The demand for undergoing subcutaneous fat reduction has been gradually increasing, and there are many methods and devices for performing non-surgical and non-invasive fat reduction, such as high-intensity focused ultrasound, cryolipolysis, radiofrequency (RF) devices, and lasers. OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a novel adipocyte-selective non-contact RF device for improving abdominal contouring in Asian subjects. METHODS Twenty-four Asian subjects with abundant subcutaneous abdominal and love handle fat tissues were enrolled in this prospective clinical study. They received six 45-min weekly treatments with an RF field device over the abdominal and love handle regions. The body mass index and abdominal circumference were measured at baseline and at 4 and 8 weeks post the last treatment. The thickness of the abdomen and depth of subcutaneous abdominal fat tissue were respectively assessed using calipers and abdominal ultrasonography. A subset of 15 subjects was selected by randomization for fat volume measurement via abdominal CT. For safety evaluation, serum lipid, and liver-related blood tests were performed at baseline and at the sixth treatment session. Subjects rated their heat perception level using a four point scale and their pain score using an 11-point visual analog scale during RF treatment. RESULTS Twenty-four subjects (21 females and 3 males) completed this study with an 8-week follow-up. The average decreases in abdominal circumference at 4 and 8 weeks post treatment were 3.48 ± 2.11 cm (P < 0.001) and 5.12 ± 0.47 cm (P < 0.001), respectively. The average decreases in abdominal fat thickness at 4 and 8 weeks treatment were 0.27 ± 0.61 cm (P = 0.041) and 0.47 ± 0.60 cm (P = 0.001), respectively. The average decreases in subcutaneous fat tissue depth at 4 and 8 weeks post treatment were 0.16 ± 0.43 cm (P = 0.091) and 0.34 ± 0.39 cm (P < 0.001), respectively. However, there was no significant change in the subcutaneous fat tissue volume. The mean heat perception level was 2.24, and the mean pain score was 0.74. No serious adverse effects were observed during treatment and the follow-up periods, and there were no clinically significant changes in lipid or liver-related levels. CONCLUSIONS The adipocyte-selective non-contact RF field device appears to be effective and safe for improving abdominal contouring. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Jae Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Department of Radiology and the Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Jin Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Eun Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Woo Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Ho Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chonghyun Won
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Ribeiro KL, Frías IAM, Franco OL, Dias SC, Sousa-Junior AA, Silva ON, Bakuzis AF, Oliveira MDL, Andrade CAS. Clavanin A-bioconjugated Fe 3O 4/Silane core-shell nanoparticles for thermal ablation of bacterial biofilms. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 169:72-81. [PMID: 29751343 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The use of central venous catheters (CVC) is highly associated with nosocomial blood infections and its use largely requires a systematic assessment of benefits and risks. Bacterial contamination of these tubes is frequent and may result in development of microbial consortia also known as biofilm. The woven nature of biofilm provides a practical defense against antimicrobial agents, facilitating bacterial dissemination through the patient's body and development of antimicrobial resistance. In this work, the authors describe the modification of CVC tubing by immobilizing Fe3O4-aminosilane core-shell nanoparticles functionalized with antimicrobial peptide clavanin A (clavA) as an antimicrobial prophylactic towards Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Its anti-biofilm-attachment characteristic relies in clavA natural activity to disrupt the bacterial lipidic membrane. The aminosilane shell prevents iron leaching, which is an important nutrient for bacterial growth. Fe3O4-clavA-modified CVCs showed to decrease Gram-negative bacteria attachment up to 90% when compared to control clean CVC. Additionally, when hyperthermal treatment is triggered for 5 min at 80 °C in a tubing that already presents bacterial biofilm (CVC-BF), the viability of attached bacteria reduces up to 88%, providing an efficient solution to avoid changing catheter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalline L Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Terapêutica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Isaac A M Frías
- Rede Pesquisa em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade Pró-Centro-Oeste, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Octavio L Franco
- Centro de Análise Proteômicas e Bioquímicas de Brasília, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; S-Inova Biotech, Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
| | - Simoni C Dias
- Centro de Análise Proteômicas e Bioquímicas de Brasília, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
| | | | - Osmar N Silva
- S-Inova Biotech, Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
| | - Andris F Bakuzis
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900 Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | - Maria D L Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Terapêutica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Cesar A S Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Terapêutica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
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de Castro JR, de Souza EMN, Park YJ, de Campos L, Cha S, Arana-Chavez VE, Nicolau J, Simões A. Low-power laser irradiation decreases lipid droplet accumulation in the parotid glands of diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201700179. [PMID: 29112328 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplet accumulation has been related to salivary gland hypofunction in diabetes. In this study, the effect of laser irradiation on the parotid glands (PGs) of diabetic rats was analyzed with regard to its effect on lipid droplet accumulation, intracellular calcium concentration and calmodulin expression. The animals were distributed into 6 groups: D0, D5, D20 and C0, C5, C20, for diabetic (D) and control animals (C), respectively. Twenty-nine days following diabetes induction, PGs of groups D5 and C5; D20 and C20 were irradiated with 5 and 20 J/cm2 of a red diode laser at 100 mW, respectively. After 24 hours, PGs were removed for histological, biochemical, and western blotting analysis. The diabetic animals showed lipid droplet accumulation, which was decreased after irradiation. Ultrastructurally, the droplets were nonmembrane bound and appeared irregularly located in the cytoplasm. Moreover, diabetic animals showed an increased intracellular calcium concentration. In contrast, after laser irradiation a progressive decrease in the concentration of this ion was observed, which would be in agreement with the results found in the increased expression of calmodulin in D20. These data are promising for using laser to decrease lipid droplet accumulation in PGs, however, more studies are necessary to better understand its mechanisms. Micrographs showing decreased lipid accumulation after laser irradiation in light micrographs (LM), and morphology of lipid droplet in transmission electron microscopic (TEM). LM: (A) PGs from nondiabetic rats that did not receive Laser irradiation (LI), (B) PGs from nondiabetic rats that received a dose of 20 J/cm2 , (C) lipid accumulation (arrows) in the secretory cells from diabetic rats that did not receive irradiation, (D) reduction of lipid accumulation in the secretory cells from diabetic rats that received a dose of 20 J/cm2 and TEM: (E) scale bar = 5 μm, (F) scale bar = 1 μm, and (G) scale bar = 0.5 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana R de Castro
- Laboratory of Oral Biology, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eugen M N de Souza
- Laboratory of Oral Biology, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yun-Jong Park
- Oral Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Luana de Campos
- Laboratory of Oral Biology, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Oral Medicine, Brazilian Institute for Cancer Control, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Seunghee Cha
- Oral Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Victor E Arana-Chavez
- Laboratory of Oral Biology, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Nicolau
- Laboratory of Oral Biology, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alyne Simões
- Laboratory of Oral Biology, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Milanic M, Muc BT, Jezersek M, Lukac M. Experimental and numerical assessment of hyperthermic laser lipolysis with 1,064 nm Nd:YAG laser on a porcine fatty tissue model. Lasers Surg Med 2017; 50:125-136. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matija Milanic
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics; University of Ljubljana; Jadranska 21 Ljubljana Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan Institute; Jamova 39 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Blaz Tasic Muc
- Fotona.d.o.o.; Stegne 7 Ljubljana Slovenia
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering; University of Ljubljana; Askerceva 6 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Matija Jezersek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering; University of Ljubljana; Askerceva 6 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Matjaz Lukac
- Jožef Stefan Institute; Jamova 39 Ljubljana Slovenia
- Fotona.d.o.o.; Stegne 7 Ljubljana Slovenia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Men are increasingly seeking out cosmetic procedures, especially minimally and noninvasive body-contouring procedures. OBJECTIVE With the relative lack of scientific evidence related specifically to the use of body-contouring procedures in men, there is a need for more education and scientific discussion in this growing group. MATERIALS AND METHODS Understanding the male anatomy and aesthetics, and how body-contouring techniques and new modalities can be used in men, can lead to better outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This review of body contouring in men emphasizes currently available literature and author experiences.
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