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Malavazzi TCDS, Andreo L, Martinelli A, Rodrigues MFSD, Horliana ACRT, Bussadori SK, Fernandes KPS, Nunes FD, Mesquita-Ferrari RA. Preventive and therapeutic vascular photobiomodulation decreases the inflammatory markers and enhances the muscle repair process in an animal model. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 256:112921. [PMID: 38714002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) has shown positive effects when applied locally to modulate the inflammatory process and facilitate muscle repair. However, the available literature on the mechanisms of action of vascular photobiomodulation (VPBM), a non-invasive method of vascular irradiation, specifically in the context of local muscle repair, is limited. Thus, this study aimed to assess the impact of vascular photobiomodulation (VPBM) using a low-level laser (LLL) on the inflammatory response and the process of skeletal muscle repair whether administered prior to or following cryoinjury-induced acute muscle damage in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. Wistar rats (n = 85) were organized into the following experimental groups: (1) Control (n = 5); (2) Non-Injury + VPBM (n = 20); (3) Injured (n = 20); (4) Pre-VPBM + Injury (n = 20); (5) Injury + Post-VPBM (n = 20). VPBM was administered over the vein/artery at the base of the animals' tails (wavelength: 780 nm; power: 40 mW; application area: 0.04 cm2; energy density: 80 J/cm2). Euthanasia of the animals was carried out at 1, 2, 5, and 7 days after inducing the injuries. Tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were collected for both qualitative and quantitative histological analysis using H&E staining and for assessing protein expression of TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-1β, and IL-6 via ELISA. Blood samples were collected and analyzed using an automatic hematological analyzer and a leukocyte differential counter. Data were subjected to statistical analysis (ANOVA/Tukey). The results revealed that applying VPBM prior to injury led to an increase in circulating neutrophils (granulocytes) after 1 day and a subsequent increase in monocytes after 2 and 5 days, compared to the Non-Injury + VPBM and Injured groups. Notably, an increase in erythrocytes and hemoglobin concentration was observed in the Non-Injury + VPBM group on days 1 and 2 in comparison to the Injured group. In terms of histological aspects, only the Prior VPBM + Injured group exhibited a reduction in the number of inflammatory cells after 1, 5, and 7 days, along with an increase in blood vessels at 5 days. Both the Prior VPBM + Injured and Injured + VPBM after groups displayed a decrease in myonecrosis at 1, 2, and 7 days, an increase in newly-formed and immature fibers after 5 and 7 days, and neovascularization after 1, 2, and 7 days. Regarding protein expression, there was an increase in MCP-1 after 1 and 5 days, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β after 1, 2, and 5 days in the Injured + VPBM after group when compared to the other experimental groups. The Prior VPBM + Injured group exhibited increased MCP-1 production after 2 days, in comparison to the Non-Injury + VPBM and Control groups. Notably, on day 7, the Injured group continued to show elevated MCP-1 protein expression when compared to the VPBM groups. In conclusion, VPBM effectively modulated hematological parameters, circulating leukocytes, the protein expression of the chemokine MCP-1, and the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, ultimately influencing the inflammatory process. This modulation resulted in a reduction of myonecrosis, restoration of tissue architecture, increased formation of newly and immature muscle fibers, and enhanced neovascularization, with more pronounced effects when VPBM was applied prior to the muscle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainá Caroline Dos Santos Malavazzi
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine-Biophotonics, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), 235/249 Vergueiro Street, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Lucas Andreo
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine-Biophotonics, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), 235/249 Vergueiro Street, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Andreia Martinelli
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), 235/249 Vergueiro Street, Liberdade, Sao Paulo, SP 01504-001, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine-Biophotonics, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), 235/249 Vergueiro Street, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP 01504-001, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), 235/249 Vergueiro Street, Liberdade, Sao Paulo, SP 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine-Biophotonics, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), 235/249 Vergueiro Street, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Fabio Daumas Nunes
- Department of Stomatology, Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (FOUSP), Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine-Biophotonics, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), 235/249 Vergueiro Street, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP 01504-001, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), 235/249 Vergueiro Street, Liberdade, Sao Paulo, SP 01504-001, Brazil.
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Effects of different protocols of defocused high-power laser on the viability and migration of myoblasts-a comparative in vitro study. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 37:3571-3581. [PMID: 36125659 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03636-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze for the first time the effect of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) using defocused high-power laser (DHPL) in myoblast cell line C2C12 viability and migration and compare them with low-power laser therapy. Cells were divided into 9 groups: Sham irradiation 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS); Sham irradiation 5%FBS; low-power laser 0.1 W; DHPL 810 1 W; DHPL 810 2 W; DHPL 980 1 W; DHPL 980 2 W; DHPL dual 1 W; DHPL dual 2 W. To simulate stress conditions, all groups exposed to irradiation were maintained in DMEM 5% FBS. The impact of therapies on cell viability was assessed through sulforhodamine B assay and on cells migration through scratch assays and time-lapse. Myoblast viability was not modified by PBMT protocols. All PBMT protocols were able to accelerate the scratch closure after 6 and 18 h of the first irradiation (p < 0.001). Also, an increase in migration speed, with a more pronounced effect of DHPL laser using dual-wavelength protocol with 2 W was observed (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the diverse PBMT protocols used in this study accelerated the C2C12 myoblasts migration, with 2-W dual-wavelength outstanding as the most effective protocol tested. Benefits from treating muscle injuries with PBMT appear to be related to its capacity to induce cell migration without notable impact on cell viability.
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Photobiomodulation Using Different Infrared Light Sources Promotes Muscle Precursor Cells Migration and Proliferation. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9070469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) has demonstrated positive effects on the muscle repair process. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of infrared PBM using different light sources—low-level laser (LLL) at 780 nm (40 or 70 mW, 10 J/cm2, 0.4 J) or LED at 850 nm (40 or 70 mW, 0.13 J/cm2, 0.4 J)—and dosimetric parameters on the proliferation and migration of muscle cells. The results showed that LLL 40 mW and 70 mW, with the same radiation exposure, led to an increase in proliferation after 24 h, but no differences at 48 and 72 h. Cells irradiated with LED 70 mW exhibited an increase in proliferation in comparison to the control group and 40mW after 24 and 48 h, but not at 72 h. Moreover, cell migration was greater in comparison to the control after 6 and 24 h, and no differences were found at 12 h when LLL was used with an output power of 70 mW. Furthermore, no differences were found at 6 and 12 h with the 70 mW output power-LED, but an increase was observed in the cell migration after 24 h. In conclusion, PBM using different light sources and dosimetric parameters was able to modulate the proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts, but only PBM at 70 mW was able to modulate the migration of these cells.
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Lopez TCC, Malavazzi TCDS, Rodrigues MFSD, Bach EE, Silva DT, Hi EMB, França CM, Bussadori SK, Mesquita-Ferrari RA, Fernandes KPS. Histological and biochemical effects of preventive and therapeutic vascular photobiomodulation on rat muscle injury. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202100271. [PMID: 34978386 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The intravascular or transcutaneous application of photobiomodulation (PBM) over blood vessels (vascular photobiomodulation, VPBM) has been used for the treatment of inflammatory and chronic conditions with promising systemic results. This study evaluated the VPBM effects on a model of muscle regeneration after acute injury and compared the outcomes of preventive and therapeutic VPBM. Transcutaneous VPBM was administered over the rat's main tail vein. Serum levels of creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate were evaluated and muscles were processed for macroscopic and microscopic analysis. Preventive and therapeutic VPBM led to decreased inflammatory infiltrate, edema, and myonecrosis but with an increase in immature muscle fibers. CK, AST, and lactate levels were lower in the groups treated with VPBM (lowest concentrations in preventive VPBM application). Preventive and therapeutic VPBM were capable of exerting a positive effect on acute muscle injury repair, with more accentuated results when preventive VPBM was administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Christine Camillo Lopez
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to the Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Daniela Teixeira Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to the Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edgar Matias Bach Hi
- Experimental Biochemistry Academic Nucleum (NABEX), UNILUS (Centro Universitário Lusiada), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Miranda França
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to the Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, UNINOVE, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to the Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, UNINOVE, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to the Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pham‐Nguyen O, Son YJ, Kwon T, Kim J, Jung YC, Park JB, Kang B, Yoo HS. Preparation of Stretchable Nanofibrous Sheets with Sacrificial Coaxial Electrospinning for Treatment of Traumatic Muscle Injury. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002228. [PMID: 33506655 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic muscle injury with massive loss of muscle volume requires intramuscular implantation of proper scaffolds for fast and successful recovery. Although many artificial scaffolds effectively accelerate formation and maturation of myotubes, limited studies are showing the therapeutic effect of artificial scaffolds in animal models with massive muscle injury. In this study, improved myotube differentiation is approved on stepwise stretched gelatin nanofibers and applied to damaged muscle recovery in an animal model. The gelatin nanofibers are fabricated by a two-step process composed of co-axial electrospinning of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) and gelatin and subsequent removal of the outer shells. When stepwise stretching is applied to the myoblasts on gelatin nanofibers for five days, enhanced myotube formation and polarized elongation are observed. Animal models with volumetric loss at quadriceps femoris muscles (>50%) are transplanted with the myotubes cultivated on thin and flexible gelatin nanofiber. Treated animals more efficiently recover exercising functions of the leg when myotubes and the gelatin nanofiber are co-implanted at the injury sites. This result suggests that mechanically stimulated myotubes on gelatin nanofiber is therapeutically feasible for the robust recovery of volumetric muscle loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oanh‐Vu Pham‐Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Science Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Molecular Science and Fusion Technology Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Son
- Department of Biomedical Science Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Molecular Science and Fusion Technology Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae‐wan Kwon
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyung Kim
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Chan Jung
- Chaon 331 Pangyo‐ro Bundang‐gu Seongnam Gyeonggi‐do 13488 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Bae Park
- Jeonju Center Korea Basic Science Institute Jeonju 54907 Republic of Korea
| | - Byung‐Jae Kang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Research Institute for Veterinary Science BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Sang Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Science Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Molecular Science and Fusion Technology Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea
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Saghaei Bagheri H, Rasta SH, Mohammadi SM, Rahimi AAR, Movassaghpour A, Nozad Charoudeh H. Low-Level Laser Irradiation Modulated Viability of Normal and Tumor Human Lymphocytes In Vitro. J Lasers Med Sci 2020; 11:174-180. [PMID: 32273959 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2020.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Laser radiation is a promising strategy against various malignancies. Recent studies have shown that the application of low-power laser therapy (LPLT) at different doses and exposure times could modulate the growth dynamic of tumor cells. Based on the type of laser, LPLT could potentially trigger cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in different cell lines. Methods: In this study, MTT assay was used to monitor the effect of low and high laser intensities on the viability of normal and cancer lymphocytes. The protein levels of Ki-67 (a proliferation marker) and Caspase-3 (an apoptosis factor) were measured in human peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the B-lymphoblastic cell line (Nalm-6) using flow cytometry after being-exposed to 630-nm LPLT at low (2, 4, 6, and 10 J/cm2 ) and high (15, 30, 60, and 120 J/cm2) energy densities in a continuous mode for 48 and 72 hours. Results: By using higher energy densities, 60 and 120 J/cm2 , a significant decrease was shown in the viability of Nalm-6 cells, which reached 6.6 and 10.1% after 48 hours compared to the control cells (P<0.05). Notably, Cell exposure to doses 30, 60, and 120 J/cm2 yielded 7.5, 12.9, and 21.6 cell viability reduction after 72 hours. The collected data showed that the high-intensity parameters of LPLT (15 to 120 J/cm2) promoted significant apoptotic changes in the exposed cells coincided with the activation of Caspase-3 compared to the none-treated control cells (P<0.05). The data further showed the stimulation of the Ki-67 factor both in primary PBMCs and the lymphoblastic cell line treated with LPLT at energy densities of 4 and 6 J/cm2 (P<0.05), indicating enhanced cell proliferation. Similar to Nalm-6 cells, primary PBMCs showed apoptosis after 48 hours of being exposed to doses 60, and 120 J/cm2 , indicated by increased Caspase-3 levels (P<0.05). As expected, the Nalm-6 cells were resistant to cytotoxic effects of laser irradiation in the first 48 hours (P>0.05) compared to normal PBMCs. The exposure of Nalm-6 cells to low-intensity laser intensities increased a proliferation rate compared to the PBMCs treated with the same doses. Conclusion: We showed the potency of LPLT in the induction of apoptosis and proliferation in human primary PBMCs and Nalm-6 cells in a dose and time-dependent manner after 72 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesam Saghaei Bagheri
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 3
| | - Seyed Hossein Rasta
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 3.,Department of Medical Bioengineering, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Ali Akbar Rahim Rahimi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Calzia D, Ottaggio L, Cora A, Chiappori G, Cuccarolo P, Cappelli E, Izzotti A, Tavella S, Degan P. Characterization of C2C12 cells in simulated microgravity: Possible use for myoblast regeneration. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:3508-3518. [PMID: 31549411 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Muscle loss is a major problem for many in lifetime. Muscle and bone degeneration has also been observed in individuals exposed to microgravity and in unloading conditions. C2C12 myoblst cells are able to form myotubes, and myofibers and these cells have been employed for muscle regeneration purposes and in myogenic regeneration and transplantation studies. We exposed C2C12 cells in an random position machine to simulate microgravity and study the energy and the biochemical challenges associated with this treatment. Simulated microgravity exposed C2C12 cells maintain positive proliferation indices and delay the differentiation process for several days. On the other hand this treatment significantly alters many of the biochemical and the metabolic characteristics of the cell cultures including calcium homeostasis. Recent data have shown that these perturbations are due to the inhibition of the ryanodine receptors on the membranes of intracellular calcium stores. We were able to reverse this perturbations treating cells with thapsigargin which prevents the segregation of intracellular calcium ions in the mitochondria and in the sarco/endoplasmic reticula. Calcium homeostasis appear a key target of microgravity exposure. In conclusion, in this study we reported some of the effects induced by the exposure of C2C12 cell cultures to simulated microgravity. The promising information obtained is of fundamental importance in the hope to employ this protocol in the field of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Calzia
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Biochemistry Laboratory, Univiversity of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Ottaggio
- Mutagenesis and Preventive Oncology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cora
- Mutagenesis and Preventive Oncology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giorgia Chiappori
- Mutagenesis and Preventive Oncology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Cuccarolo
- Mutagenesis and Preventive Oncology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Rare Diseases, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Enrico Cappelli
- Department of Integrated Pediatric and Hemato-oncological Sciences, Haematology Unit, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Mutagenesis and Preventive Oncology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sara Tavella
- Department of Integrated Oncological Therapies, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Univiversity of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Degan
- Mutagenesis and Preventive Oncology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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