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Gaiffe E, Vernerey D, Bardiaux L, Leroux F, Meurisse A, Bamoulid J, Courivaud C, Saas P, Hazzan M, Tiberghien P, Ducloux D. Transfused Red Blood Cell Characteristics and Kidney Transplant Outcomes Among Patients Receiving Early Posttransplant Transfusion. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2332821. [PMID: 37707816 PMCID: PMC10502525 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.32821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Red blood cell transfusion (RBCT) is frequently required in the early post-kidney transplant period, but long-term outcomes associated with RBCT is controversial. Therefore, it may be relevant to investigate the association between RBCT characteristics and transplant outcomes. Objective To study the association between RBC storage duration and transplant outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a nationwide retrospective cohort study based on data linking between 2 prospective French nationwide registries. Clinical transplant parameters, outcomes, and RBCT characteristics were extracted from the CRISTAL registry of the Agence de la Biomédecine and the national database of the Etablissement Français du Sang. All 12 559 patients having received a first kidney transplant in France between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2008, were included. Patients were followed up from transplant to graft loss, death with a functional graft, or data retrieval in June 2016. Data were analyzed from April 2019 to June 2022. Exposures Clinical outcomes of transplant recipients who underwent early RBCT were analyzed considering transfusion characteristics. Main Outcomes and Measures Cox proportional hazards regression models were fitted to evaluate transplant failure defined as graft loss or death with a functional graft. Results Among 12 559 patients who underwent kidney transplant, 3483 received an RBCT during the first 14 days posttransplant. The median (IQR) age of patients was 53.0 (41.5-61.2) years, and 1929 patients (55.4%) were male. Median (IQR) follow-up was 7.8 (7.6-8.0) years. In multivariable analysis, longer (vs shorter) storage duration of transfused RBC was associated with a decrease in risk of transplant failure (hazard ratio, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.98-1.00 for each additional storage day; P = .06). Patients transfused with at least 1 RBC unit stored for more than 20 days had a 5% absolute decrease in transplant failure at 3 years and 7% at 5 years compared with those who received RBC stored for less than 20 days. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, longer RBC storage duration was associated with a decreased risk of transplant failure among patients who received kidney transplants and RBC transfusions. Preferential use of RBC with longer storage duration might improve kidney graft survival following transplant and transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Gaiffe
- Franche-Comté University, Besançon University Hospital, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1098, RIGHT Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
| | - Dewi Vernerey
- Franche-Comté University, Besançon University Hospital, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1098, RIGHT Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
- Methodology and Quality of Life in Oncology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Besançon, Besançon, France
| | | | - Franck Leroux
- INSERM CIC-1431, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Aurelia Meurisse
- Franche-Comté University, Besançon University Hospital, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1098, RIGHT Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
- Methodology and Quality of Life in Oncology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Jamal Bamoulid
- Franche-Comté University, Besançon University Hospital, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1098, RIGHT Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
- Service de Néphrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Cecile Courivaud
- Franche-Comté University, Besançon University Hospital, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1098, RIGHT Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
- Service de Néphrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Philippe Saas
- Franche-Comté University, Besançon University Hospital, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1098, RIGHT Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
- INSERM CIC-1431, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Marc Hazzan
- Nephrology and Transplant department, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Tiberghien
- Franche-Comté University, Besançon University Hospital, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1098, RIGHT Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang, La Plaine St Denis, France
| | - Didier Ducloux
- Franche-Comté University, Besançon University Hospital, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1098, RIGHT Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
- Service de Néphrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Besançon, Besançon, France
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Kim D, Heo G, Kim J, Choi GS, Joh JW, Ko JS, Gwak MS, Kim GS. Contribution of Salvaged Blood Red Blood Cell Transfusion During Living Donor Liver Transplantation. World J Surg 2023; 47:1540-1546. [PMID: 36723663 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-023-06922-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transfusion of allogeneic blood products can have adverse effects and profoundly influence postoperative liver transplantation outcomes, including graft survival. To minimize allogeneic red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, salvaged blood can be used during liver transplantation. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of salvaged blood to allogeneic RBC transfusion in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) recipients. METHODS Data of 311 adult-to-adult LDLT recipients between January 2015 and April 2019 were analyzed. The primary outcome was a change in requirement for allogeneic RBCs due to the use of salvaged blood. Additionally, predictors of intraoperative allogeneic RBC transfusion were investigated. RESULTS One hundred fifty-three (49.2%) recipients required allogeneic RBC transfusion. If recipients did not receive salvaged blood, 253 (81.4%) recipients would have needed allogeneic RBC transfusion. The total volume of salvaged blood transfused into recipients during surgery was 269,165 mL, which corresponded to 993 units of allogeneic RBCs and accounted for 76.1% of total RBC transfusion volume. Multivariate analysis showed that male recipients, model for end-stage liver disease score, preoperative hemoglobin level, and volume of salvaged blood used during surgery were independent predictors of the need for intraoperative allogenic RBC transfusion. CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative use of salvaged blood significantly reduced allogeneic RBC transfusion in LDLT recipients. It can help transplant teams manage transfusion of allogeneic RBCs during liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyeon Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Gunyoung Heo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongman Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Seong Choi
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Joh
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Justin Sangwook Ko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Sook Gwak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Gaab Soo Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
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Sanahuja JM, Reverter E, Ruiz Á, Saenz D, Martínez-Ocón J, Vidal J, Jiménez N, Colmenero J, García-Pagan JC, Fondevila C, Garcia-Valdecasas JC, Beltran J, Blasi A. Portal hypertension has no role in perioperative bleeding during liver transplantation with systematic porto-caval shunt. HPB (Oxford) 2023; 25:454-462. [PMID: 36759304 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than a half of patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) receive intraoperative transfusion. Portal hypertension (PHT) may contribute to perioperative blood loss. We study the relationship between preoperative hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) values and intraoperative transfusion requirements in adult patients undergoing LT. METHODS 160 cirrhotic patients undergoing first elective LT (2009-2019) with an HVPG measurement within the previous 6 months were included. Surgical technique was piggyback with portocaval shunt (PCS). The association of HVPG and other variables with transfusion requirements and blood loss were studied. RESULTS Blood loss (ml/kg) was positively correlated with HVPG, among other variables, but at multivariable analysis it only remained associated with MELD-Na and HCC indication. Regarding RBC transfusion, MELD-Na and hemoglobin were independently associated with the need and magnitude of RBC transfusion. Subanalysis by surgical stage (hepatectomy, anhepatic, neohepatic) and by serial HVPG cut-offs found no clear associations with either bleeding or transfusion. DISCUSSION The severity of PHT plays a minor role on bleeding and transfusion during LT in a contemporary cohort with systematic PCS. Main determinants of transfusion are liver function and baseline hemoglobin, which would seem the suitable goal to optimize transfusion in LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep M Sanahuja
- Anaesthesiology Department. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS (Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer), University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric Reverter
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS and CIBERehd (Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas), Spain
| | - Ángel Ruiz
- Donation and Transplant Procurement Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Denise Saenz
- Anaesthesiology Department. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS (Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer), University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Martínez-Ocón
- Anaesthesiology Department. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS (Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer), University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Vidal
- Anaesthesiology Department. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS (Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer), University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Jiménez
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS and CIBERehd (Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas), Spain
| | - Jordi Colmenero
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS and CIBERehd (Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas), Spain
| | - Joan C García-Pagan
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS and CIBERehd (Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas), Spain
| | - Constantino Fondevila
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz and IDIPAZ, CIBERehd, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Garcia-Valdecasas
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Beltran
- Anaesthesiology Department. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS (Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer), University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Annabel Blasi
- Anaesthesiology Department. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS (Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer), University of Barcelona, Spain.
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Lee CF, Hung HC, Lee WC. Using Rotational Thromboelastometry to Identify Early Allograft Dysfunction after Living Donor Liver Transplantation. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10153401. [PMID: 34362183 PMCID: PMC8347977 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diagnostic tests for early allograft dysfunction (EAD) after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) vary widely. We aimed to evaluate the predictive value of rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM)-derived parameters in EAD. Materials and Methods: A total of 121 patients were reviewed. The definition of EAD proposed by Olthoff et al. included the presence of any of the following at postoperative day 7: bilirubin level ≥ 10 mg/dL, INR ≥ 1.6, or serum AST or ALT levels > 2000 IU/L. All patients underwent ROTEM assay, which consisted of an extrinsically activated thromboelastometric test (EXTEM) before and 24 h after LDLT. Results: The 1-year/2-year OS were 68.%8/64.5% and 94.4%/90.8% for the EAD and non-EAD groups, respectively (p = 0.001). Two independent risks were identified for EAD, the postoperative clotting time (CT, p = 0.026) and time to maximum clot firmness (maximum clot firmness (MCF)-t, p = 0.009) on the EXTEM. CT yielded a specificity of 82.0% and negative predictive value of 83.0%, and MCF-t displayed a specificity of 76.4% and negative predictive value of 81.9% in diagnosing EAD. The use of the 24 h post-LDLT ROTEM increased the effectiveness of predicting overall survival (OS) compared to using the Olthoff’s EAD criteria alone (p < 0.001). Conclusion: We conclude that CT and MCF on EXTEM were independent predictors of EAD. The 24 h post-LDLT ROTEM can be used with conventional laboratory tests to diagnose EAD. It increases the effectiveness of predicting OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Fang Lee
- Department of Liver and Transplantation Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; (C.-F.L.); (W.-C.L.)
- College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Chien Hung
- Department of Liver and Transplantation Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; (C.-F.L.); (W.-C.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-3281200 (ext. 3366); Fax: +886-3-3285818
| | - Wei-Chen Lee
- Department of Liver and Transplantation Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; (C.-F.L.); (W.-C.L.)
- College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
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Qi Q, Qian X, Zhu X, Cai J, Xia R, Zhang Q. Perioperative Transfusion is Related to the Length of Hospital Stays in Primary Liver Cancer Patients. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:4947-4954. [PMID: 34188547 PMCID: PMC8233480 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s296022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Blood loss may be corrected with red blood cell transfusion, but may ultimately contribute to negative impacts. This study was a retrospective analysis to assess the impact of perioperative blood transfusion on hospital stay days in liver cancer patients. Methods We retrospectively examined data from patients with primary liver cancer who underwent curative resection. Patients were divided into perioperative blood transfusion (PBT) and non-PBT groups. Data were given as means and SDs for continuous variables and as counts and percentage for categorical variables. The correlation between blood transfusion and hospital stay days was analyzed by Fisher's exact test. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent predictors of length of hospital stays. Results Totally 206/1031 patients (20.3%) were given perioperative transfusion. The mean length of hospital stay was 17.8 days in PBT and 13.9 days in non-PBT groups. Our multivariable logistic regression showed transfusion, total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, and the ratio of albumin to bilirubin were all indicators of the length of hospital stay days. Perioperative transfusion was also associated with prolonged length of hospital stays (95% CI: 0.395-0.811, p = 0.002). Transfusion also affected intrinsic coagulation factors (activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, platelet), inflammatory index (neutrocyte to lymphocyte ratio, monocyte), albumin and bilirubin levels. Conclusion Perioperative transfusion of blood was associated with a significantly increased length of hospital stays probably via changing intrinsic coagulation and inflammatory factors and bilirubin levels in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemeng Qian
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinfang Zhu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajing Cai
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Xia
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
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Hudcova J, Qasmi ST, Ruthazer R, Waqas A, Haider SB, Schumann R. Early Allograft Dysfunction Following Liver Transplant: Impact of Obesity, Diabetes, and Red Blood Cell Transfusion. Transplant Proc 2020; 53:119-123. [PMID: 32690312 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.02.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined the role of obesity and intraoperative red blood cell (RBC) and platelet transfusion in early allograft dysfunction (EAD) following liver transplantation (LT). METHODS This is a retrospective analysis of 239 adult deceased-donor LT recipients over a 10-year period. EAD was defined by Olthoff's criteria. Data collection included donor (D) and recipient (R) age, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2, diabetes mellitus, allograft macrosteatosis, and intraoperative (RBC) and platelet administration. We employed logistic regression to evaluate associations of these factors with EAD. Results are presented as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) with corresponding P values. A P ≤ .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS EAD occurred in 85 recipients (36%). Macrosteatosis data were available for 199 donors. In the multivariate analyses, BMI-D ≥ 35 kg/m2 increased the odds of developing EAD by 156% in the entire cohort (OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.09-6.01) and by 187% in recipients with macrosteatosis data (n = 199, OR 2.87, 95% CI 1.15-7.15). Each unit of RBCs increased the odds for EAD by 8% (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.14) and, for the subgroup of 238 recipients with macrosteatosis data, by 9% (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02-1.16). CONCLUSION We found a significant independent association of donor obesity and intraoperative RBC transfusion with EAD but no such association for platelet administration, MELD score, age, recipient obesity, and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Hudcova
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, West Roxbury, Massachusetts, United States; Departments of Anesthesiology, Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine and Surgical Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Syed Talha Qasmi
- Department of Medicine, HCA Houston Health Care Kingwood, Kingwood, Texas, United States
| | - Robin Ruthazer
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Research Design Center, CTSI, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ahsan Waqas
- Department of Anesthesiology, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Syed Basit Haider
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine and Surgical Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Roman Schumann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, West Roxbury, Massachusetts, United States.
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Wang Y, Li Q, Ma T, Liu X, Wang B, Wu Z, Dang S, Lv Y, Wu R. Transfusion of Older Red Blood Cells Increases the Risk of Acute Kidney Injury After Orthotopic Liver Transplantation: A Propensity Score Analysis. Anesth Analg 2019; 127:202-209. [PMID: 28863026 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000002437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious complication of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Transfusion of older red blood cells (RBCs) has been implicated in poor outcomes in trauma, cardiac surgery, and critically ill patients. However, whether transfusion of older RBCs plays any role in post-OLT AKI remained unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the age of transfused RBCs on post-OLT AKI. METHODS The clinical data of consecutive adult patients who received donation after cardiac death and underwent OLT from December 2011 to December 2015 were analyzed. These patients were divided into 2 groups: the newer blood group, who received exclusively RBCs that had been stored for <14 days; and the older blood group, who received RBCs that had been stored for 14 days or more. The incidence of post-OLT AKI, severe AKI, lengths of intensive care unit and hospital stay, and in-hospital mortality after OLT were analyzed. RESULTS Postoperative AKI occurred in 65.1% of patients in the older blood group and 40.5% of patients in the newer blood group (P < .01). The incidence of severe AKI after OLT was significantly higher, and the duration of intensive care unit stay was significantly longer, in the older blood group. After adjustment by the multivariable regression logistic analysis, transfusion of older blood was independently associated with post-OLT AKI (odds ratio [OR] = 2.47 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.13-5.41]; P = .024) and severe AKI (OR = 5.88 [95% CI, 2.06-16.80]; P = .001). After adjustment by the inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis, patients in the older blood group still had significantly higher incidences of postoperative AKI (OR = 2.13 [95% CI, 1.07-4.22]; P = .030) and severe AKI (OR = 3.34 [95% CI, 1.47-7.60]; P = .003) than those in the newer blood group. CONCLUSIONS Transfusion of older RBCs significantly increased the risk of postoperative AKI in liver transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- From the Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingshan Li
- From the Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Ma
- From the Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuemin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaonong Dang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Public Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yi Lv
- From the Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rongqian Wu
- From the Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, Xi'an, China
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Tomescu D, Popescu M, Dima SO. Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) 24 hours post liver transplantation predicts early allograft dysfunction. Rom J Anaesth Intensive Care 2018; 25:117-122. [PMID: 30393768 DOI: 10.21454/rjaic.7518.252.tms] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Early allograft dysfunction (EAD) represents one of the most common and serious complications after liver transplantation (LT). Methods One hundred sixty-four patients who underwent LT were prospectively included in the present study. Patient demographics, intraoperative blood loss and transfusion were recorded at the time of LT. Lactate levels were recorded during surgery and daily for the first 3 postoperative days. Standard and derived rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) parameters were recorded 24 hours after LT. EAD was diagnosed according to Nanashima criteria and post anaesthesia care unit length of stay was recorded. Results Forty-seven patients (28.6%) developed EAD. Intraoperative blood loss (p = 0.01), packed red blood cells (p = 0.04) and fresh frozen plasma (p = 0.01) transfusion represented intraoperative risk factors for EAD. Lactate levels were significantly higher in patients with EAD at all time points. Patients with EAD demonstrated an increased clot formation time and decreased maximum clot firmness in both intrinsically (p < 0.01) and extrinsically (p < 0.01) activated assay, a decreased thrombin potential index (p < 0.01), area under the curve (p < 0.01) and clot elasticity (p < 0.01) on ROTEM assay. Conclusion Our results show that both standard and derived ROTEM parameters may indicate early signs of graft failure and can aid in the diagnosis of EAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Tomescu
- Fundeni Clinical Institute, Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Bucharest, Romania.,"Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Popescu
- Fundeni Clinical Institute, Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Bucharest, Romania.,"Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Olimpia Dima
- Fundeni Clinical Institute, "Dan Setlacec" Center for General Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Bucharest, Romania
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Kwon JH, Han S, Cho D, Spahn DR, Ko JS, Kim DY, Jun JH, Gwak MS, Kim GS. Longer storage of red blood cells does not affect mortality in transfused liver transplant recipients. Transfusion 2018; 58:2529-2537. [PMID: 30298928 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The characteristics of red blood cell (RBC) products change after 2 weeks of cold storage. It is unclear whether older RBCs affect mortality after liver transplantation. This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the association between the age of transfused RBCs and death after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Of 200 recipients who underwent LDLT, 118 who received RBCs with a mean storage duration of less than 10 days (shorter storage group) were compared with 82 with an RBC mean storage duration of more than 14 days (longer storage group). Key exclusion criteria were transfusion of very fresh RBCs stored for less than 4 days and transfusion of old RBCs in recipients of the shorter storage group. The primary outcome was posttransplant overall death. Survival analysis was performed using the Cox model. RESULTS Mean RBC storage duration was 7 days in the shorter storage group and 17 days in the longer storage group. Death probability at 1, 2, and 5 years posttransplant was 5.1%, 7.6%, and 13.6% in the shorter storage group, respectively, and 6.1%, 8.5%, and 13.5% in the longer storage group. Death risk was comparable between the two groups in univariable (hazard ratio [HR] 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47-2.16, p = 0.991) and multivariable (HR 1.07, 95% CI, 0.46-2.50, p = 0.882) analyses. Graft failure risk was also comparable (HR 1.04, 95% CI, 0.50-2.18, p = 0.916). Hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence probability at 1, 2, and 5 years was 10.8%, 15.4%, and 23.1%, respectively, in the shorter storage group and 11.4%, 15.9%, and 20.7% in the longer storage group (HR 0.84, 95% CI, 0.37-1.89, p = 0.670). No significant differences were observed regarding graft regeneration/function, vascular/biliary complications, acute kidney injury, surgical site infection, or rejection (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS No evidence was found that transfusion of old RBCs contributes to death after LDLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Kwon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangbin Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Duck Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Donat R Spahn
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University and University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Justin S Ko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do Yeon Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Jun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Sook Gwak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gaab Soo Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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10
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of the present review was to concisely summarize recent studies and current knowledge about effects of red blood cell storage injury in trauma patients. RECENT FINDINGS Despite a pathophysiological rationale for older packed red blood cells (PRBCs) being associated with adverse events in the host organism, recent large clinical trials failed to show negative effects of transfusion with older PRBCs on clinically relevant outcomes in mixed patient population. However, there is a lack of well-designed randomized controlled trials focusing on the effects of storage lesion of PRBCs in trauma patients. SUMMARY In the absence of specific evidence for trauma patients, we recommend to continue with a conservative transfusion regime and standard of care blood banking practice of using older PRBCs first.
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11
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Zheng W, Zhao KM, Luo LH, Yu Y, Zhu SM. Perioperative Single-Donor Platelet Apheresis and Red Blood Cell Transfusion Impact on 90-Day and Overall Survival in Living Donor Liver Transplantation. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:426-434. [PMID: 29451147 PMCID: PMC5830827 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.225049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although many previous studies have confirmed that perioperative blood transfusion is associated with poor outcomes after liver transplantation (LT), few studies described the influence of single-donor platelet apheresis transfusion in living donor LT (LDLT). This study aimed to assess the effect of blood products on outcomes for LDLT recipients, focusing on apheresis platelets. Methods: This retrospective study included 126 recipients who underwent their first adult-to-adult LDLT. Twenty-four variables including consumption of blood products of 126 LDLT recipients were assessed for their link to short-term outcomes and overall survival. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and the log-rank test were used for recipient survival analysis. A multivariate Cox proportional-hazard model and a propensity score analysis were applied to adjust confounders after potential risk factors were identified by a univariate Cox analysis. Results: Patients who received apheresis platelet transfusion had a lower 90-day cumulative survival (78.9% vs. 94.2%, P = 0.009), but had no significant difference in overall survival in the Cox model, compared with those without apheresis platelet transfusion. Units of apheresis platelet transfusion (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.103, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.720–5.600, P < 0.001) and preoperative platelet count (HR = 0.170, 95% CI: 0.040–0.730, P = 0.017) impacted 90-day survival independently. Multivariate Cox regression analysis also found that units of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion (HR = 1.036, 95% CI: 1.006–1.067, P = 0.018), recipient's age (HR = 1.045, 95% CI: 1.005–1.086, P = 0.025), and ABO blood group comparison (HR = 2.990, 95% CI: 1.341–6.669, P = 0.007) were independent risk factors for overall survival after LDLT. Conclusions: This study suggested that apheresis platelets were only associated with early mortality but had no impact on overall survival in LDLT. Units of RBC, recipient's age, and ABO group comparison were independent predictors of long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Kang-Mei Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Li-Hui Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Sheng-Mei Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
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12
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Tanaka KA, Mazzeffi MA, Chow JH. Transfusion of Aged Red Blood Cells in Liver Transplantation: Et tu, Brute? Anesth Analg 2018; 127:5-6. [PMID: 29912051 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000002811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi A Tanaka
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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13
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Ng MSY, David M, Middelburg RA, Ng ASY, Suen JY, Tung JP, Fraser JF. Transfusion of packed red blood cells at the end of shelf life is associated with increased risk of mortality - a pooled patient data analysis of 16 observational trials. Haematologica 2018; 103:1542-1548. [PMID: 29794148 PMCID: PMC6119129 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.191932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Observational studies address packed red blood cell effects at the end of shelf life and have larger sample sizes compared to randomized control trials. Meta-analyses combining data from observational studies have been complicated by differences in aggregate transfused packed red blood cell age and outcome reporting. This study abrogated these issues by taking a pooled patient data approach. Observational studies reporting packed red blood cell age and clinical outcomes were identified and patient-level data sets were sought from investigators. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for binary outcomes were calculated for each study, with mean packed red blood cell age or maximum packed red blood cell age acting as independent variables. The relationship between mean packed red blood cell age and hospital length of stay for each paper was analyzed using zero-inflated Poisson regression. Random effects models combined paper-level effect estimates. Extremes analyses were completed by comparing patients transfused with mean packed red blood cell aged less than ten days to those transfused with mean packed red blood cell aged at least 30 days. sixteen datasets were available for pooled patient data analysis. Mean packed red blood cell age of at least 30 days was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality compared to mean packed red blood cell of less than ten days (odds ratio: 3.25, 95% confidence interval: 1.27–8.29). Packed red blood cell age was not correlated to increased risks of nosocomial infection or prolonged length of hospital stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica S Y Ng
- Critical Care Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia .,Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael David
- School of Medicine and Population Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Rutger A Middelburg
- Centre for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Angela S Y Ng
- Critical Care Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jacky Y Suen
- Critical Care Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John-Paul Tung
- Critical Care Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John F Fraser
- Critical Care Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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14
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Choi EK, Baek J, Park S, Baek SH, Choi JH, Lee CH, Sung EG, Jee D. Preischemic transfusion of old packed RBCs exacerbates early-phase warm hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. J Surg Res 2017; 222:26-33. [PMID: 29273372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic innate immune cells are considered to play a central role in the early phase of hepatic ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. Transfusion of old red blood cells (RBCs) is known to prime immune cells, and transfusion before IR may exacerbate liver injury because of the expected hyperresponsiveness of immune cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: sham operation (Sham); hepatic IR only (IR Control); and two transfusion groups, preischemic (Pre-T) and postischemic (Post-T), in which allogeneic RBCs stored for 2 weeks were transfused before hepatic IR or after reperfusion, respectively. Partial hepatic ischemia was induced for 90 min, and reperfusion was allowed for 120 min. Serum alanine transaminase levels, area of necrosis, and apoptotic cells were then assessed. Inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta [IL-1β], IL-6, IL-10, and cyclooxygenase 2) and oxidative mediators (heme oxygenase 1, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase 1) were assessed for elucidating the relevant mechanisms underlying the hepatic injury. RESULTS Pre-T, but not Post-T, showed increased serum alanine transaminase levels than IR Control (P < 0.05). Area of necrosis was more severe in Pre-T than in IR Control or Post-T (P < 0.01), and apoptotic cells were also more abundant in Pre-T than in IR Control (P < 0.01). tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-6 levels were higher in Pre-T than in IR Control or Post-T (P < 0.05), with no significant difference in cytoprotective protein levels. CONCLUSIONS Preischemic transfusion of old RBCs aggravated hepatic injury. Inflammatory cytokines seemed to play a crucial role in liver injury exacerbation. Our results indicate that transfusion before hepatic ischemia may be detrimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyung Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jongyoon Baek
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sangyoung Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Suk Hwan Baek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Joon-Hyuk Choi
- Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chae Hoon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eon-Gi Sung
- Department of Anatomy, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Daelim Jee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
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15
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Abstract
BACKGROUND We report the ability to extend lung preservation up to 24 hours (24H) by using autologous whole donor blood circulating within an ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) system. This approach facilitates donor lung reconditioning in a model of extended normothermic EVLP. We analyzed comparative responses to cellular and acellular perfusates to identify these benefits. METHODS Twelve pairs of swine lungs were retrieved after cardiac arrest and studied for 24H on the Organ Care System (OCS) Lung EVLP platform. Three groups (n = 4 each) were differentiated by perfusate: (1) isolated red blood cells (RBCs) (current clinical standard for OCS); (2) whole blood (WB); and (3) acellular buffered dextran-albumin solution (analogous to STEEN solution). RESULTS Only the RBC and WB groups met clinical standards for transplantation at 8 hours; our primary analysis at 24H focused on perfusion with WB versus RBC. The WB perfusate was superior (vs RBC) for maintaining stability of all monitored parameters, including the following mean 24H measures: pulmonary artery pressure (6.8 vs 9.0 mm Hg), reservoir volume replacement (85 vs 1607 mL), and PaO2:FiO2 ratio (541 vs 223). Acellular perfusion was limited to 6 hours on the OCS system due to prohibitively high vascular resistance, edema, and worsening compliance. CONCLUSIONS The use of an autologous whole donor blood perfusate allowed 24H of preservation without functional deterioration and was superior to both RBC and buffered dextran-albumin solution for extended lung preservation in a swine model using OCS Lung. This finding represents a potentially significant advance in donor lung preservation and reconditioning.
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16
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Abstract
Liver transplantation (LT) is an important component in the therapeutic armamentarium of managing end-stage liver disease. In North American children, biliary atresia remains the most common indication for LT compared to hepatitis C in adults, while hepatoblastoma is the most common liver tumor requiring LT, versus Hepatocellular carcinoma in adults. Rejection, lymphoproliferative disease, renal insufficiency, metabolic syndrome, recurrent disease, 'de novo' autoimmune hepatitis and malignancy require careful surveillance and prompt action in adults and children after LT. In children, specific attention to EBV viremia, growth, development, adherence and transition to the adult services is also required. Antibody mediated rejection and screening for donor specific antibodies is becoming important in managing liver graft dysfunction. Biomarkers to identify and predict tolerance are being developed. Machine perfusion and stem cells (iPS) to synthesize organs are generating interest and are a focus for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanda Kerkar
- a Keck School of Medicine, Medical Director Liver/Intestinal and Hepatology Transplant Program, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Arathi Lakhole
- b Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
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17
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Schmidt AE, Refaai MA, Blumberg N. Past, present and forecast of transfusion medicine: What has changed and what is expected to change? Presse Med 2016; 45:e253-72. [PMID: 27474234 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood transfusion is the second most used medical procedures in health care systems worldwide. Over the last few decades, significant changes have been evolved in transfusion medicine practices. These changes were mainly needed to increase safety, efficacy, and availability of blood products as well as reduce recipients' unnecessary exposure to allogeneic blood. Blood products collection, processing, and storage as well as transfusion practices throughout all patient populations were the main stream of these changes. Health care systems across the world have adopted some or most of these changes to reduce transfusion risks, to improve overall patients' outcome, and to reduce health care costs. In this article, we are going to present and discuss some of these recent modifications and their impact on patients' safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Schmidt
- University of Rochester medical center, department of pathology and laboratory medicine, 14642 Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Majed A Refaai
- University of Rochester medical center, department of pathology and laboratory medicine, 14642 Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Neil Blumberg
- University of Rochester medical center, department of pathology and laboratory medicine, 14642 Rochester, NY, USA.
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18
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Cleland S, Corredor C, Ye JJ, Srinivas C, McCluskey SA. Massive haemorrhage in liver transplantation: Consequences, prediction and management. World J Transplant 2016; 6:291-305. [PMID: 27358774 PMCID: PMC4919733 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v6.i2.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
From its inception the success of liver transplantation has been associated with massive blood loss. Massive transfusion is classically defined as > 10 units of red blood cells within 24 h, but describing transfusion rates over a shorter period of time may reduce the potential for survival bias. Both massive haemorrhage and transfusion are associated with increased risk of mortality and morbidity (need for dialysis/surgical site infection) following liver transplantation although causality is difficult to prove due to the observational design of most trials. The blood loss associated with liver transplantation is multifactorial. Portal hypertension secondary to cirrhosis results in extensive collateral circulation, which can bleed during hepatectomy particular if portal pressures are increased. Avoiding volume loading and maintenance of a low central venous pressure together with the use of vasopressors have been shown to reduce blood loss and transfusion during liver transplantation, but may increase the risk of renal impairment post-operatively. Coagulation defects may be present pre-transplant, but haemostasis is often re-balanced due to a deficit in both pro- and anti-coagulation factors. Further derangement of haemostasis may develop in the anhepatic and neohepatic phases due to absent hepatic metabolic function, hyperfibrinolysis and platelet sequestration in the donor liver. Point-of-care tests of coagulation such as the viscoelastic tests rotation thromboelastometry/thromboelastometry allow and more accurate and rapid assessment of these derangements in coagulation and guide the use of factor replacement and antifibrinolytics. Transfusion protocols guided by these tests have been shown to reduce transfusion rates compared with conventional coagulation tests, but have not shown improvements in mortality or morbidity. Pre-operative factors associated with massive transfusion include previous surgery, re-do transplantation, the aetiology and severity of liver disease. Intra-operatively the use of piggy-back technique and avoiding veno-veno bypass has been shown to reduced blood loss.
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19
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Remy KE, Sun J, Wang D, Welsh J, Solomon SB, Klein HG, Natanson C, Cortés-Puch I. Transfusion of recently donated (fresh) red blood cells (RBCs) does not improve survival in comparison with current practice, while safety of the oldest stored units is yet to be established: a meta-analysis. Vox Sang 2016; 111:43-54. [PMID: 26848822 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Preclinical studies generated the hypothesis that older stored red blood cells (RBCs) can increase transfusion risks. To examine the most updated and complete clinical evidence and compare results between two trial designs, we assessed both observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) studying the effect of RBC storage age on mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five databases were searched through December 2014 for studies comparing mortality using transfused RBCs having longer and shorter storage times. RESULTS Analysis of six RCTs found no significant differences in survival comparing current practice (average storage age of 2 to 3 weeks) to transfusion of 1- to 10-day-old RBCs (OR 0·91, 95% CI 0·77-1·07). RBC storage age was lower in RCTs vs. observational studies (P = 0·01). The 31 observational studies found an increased risk of death (OR 1·13, 95% CI 1·03-1·24) (P = 0·01) with increasing age of RBCs, a different mortality effect than RCTs (P = 0·02). CONCLUSION RCTs established that transfusion of 1- to 10-day-old stored RBCs is not superior to current practice. The apparent discrepancy in mortality between analyses of RCTs and observational studies may in part relate to differences in hypotheses tested and ages of stored RBCs studied. Further trials investigating 1- to 10-day-old stored RBC benefits would seem of lower priority than studies to determine whether 4- to 6-week stored units have safety and efficacy equivalent to the 2- to 3-week-old stored RBCs commonly transfused today.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Remy
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Sun
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D Wang
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Welsh
- NIH Library, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S B Solomon
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - H G Klein
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - C Natanson
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - I Cortés-Puch
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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20
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Cortés-Puch I, Remy KE, Solomon SB, Sun J, Wang D, Al-Hamad M, Kelly SM, Sinchar D, Bellavia L, Kanias T, Popovsky MA, Kim-Shapiro DB, Klein HG, Natanson C. In a canine pneumonia model of exchange transfusion, altering the age but not the volume of older red blood cells markedly alters outcome. Transfusion 2015; 55:2564-75. [PMID: 26469998 PMCID: PMC4644122 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Massive exchange transfusion of 42-day-old red blood cells (RBCs) in a canine model of Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia resulted in in vivo hemolysis with increases in cell-free hemoglobin (CFH), transferrin-bound iron (TBI), non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI), and mortality. We have previously shown that washing 42-day-old RBCs before transfusion significantly decreased NTBI levels and mortality, but washing 7-day-old RBCs increased mortality and CFH levels. We now report the results of altering volume, washing, and age of RBCs. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Two-year-old purpose-bred infected beagles were transfused with increasing volumes (5-10, 20-40, or 60-80 mL/kg) of either 42- or 7-day-old RBCs (n = 36) or 80 mL/kg of either unwashed or washed RBCs with increasing storage age (14, 21, 28, or 35 days; n = 40). RESULTS All volumes transfused (5-80 mL/kg) of 42-day-old RBCs resulted in alike (i.e., not significantly different) increases in TBI during transfusion as well as in CFH, lung injury, and mortality rates after transfusion. Transfusion of 80 mL/kg RBCs stored for 14, 21, 28, and 35 days resulted in increased CFH and NTBI in between levels found at 7 and 42 days of storage. However, washing RBCs of intermediate ages (14-35 days) does not alter NTBI and CFH levels or mortality rates. CONCLUSIONS Preclinical data suggest that any volume of 42-day-old blood potentially increases risks during established infection. In contrast, even massive volumes of 7-day-old blood result in minimal CFH and NTBI levels and risks. In contrast to the extremes of storage, washing blood stored for intermediate ages does not alter risks of transfusion or NTBI and CFH clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cortés-Puch
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kenneth E. Remy
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven B. Solomon
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Junfeng Sun
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mariam Al-Hamad
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Seth M. Kelly
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Derek Sinchar
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213
| | - Landon Bellavia
- Department of Physics and the Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109
| | - Tamir Kanias
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213
| | | | - Daniel B. Kim-Shapiro
- Department of Physics and the Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109
| | - Harvey G. Klein
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Charles Natanson
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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21
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Effects of packed red blood cell storage duration on post-transfusion clinical outcomes: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Intensive Care Med 2015; 41:2087-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s00134-015-4078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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22
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Well-characterized biochemical, structural, and physiological changes occur when red blood cells (RBCs) are stored for a period of time and are collectively called the storage lesion. METHODS Key study results are summarized and contrasted and new data from recently completed randomized controlled trials will be discussed. RESULTS It is unclear whether in vitro changes to RBCs that occur during storage are clinically relevant. The clinical effects of RBC storage have been the focus of observational studies in recent years. However, these studies lack any consensus, possibly because of methodological limitations. CONCLUSIONS The clinical significance of storing RBCs is controversial, although new data from randomized controlled trials of neonates and patients undergoing cardiac surgery suggest that the duration of RBC storage is not associated with adverse clinical outcomes in these patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Qu
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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23
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Hart S, Cserti-Gazdewich CM, McCluskey SA. Red cell transfusion and the immune system. Anaesthesia 2014; 70 Suppl 1:38-45, e13-6. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Hart
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management; Toronto General Hospital; University Health Network; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - C. M. Cserti-Gazdewich
- Department of Haematology; Toronto General Hospital; University Health Network; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - S. A. McCluskey
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management; Toronto General Hospital; University Health Network; Toronto Ontario Canada
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