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Ortiz F, Grasberger J, Ekstrand A, Helanterä I, Giunti G. Interactive Health Technology Tool for Kidney Living Donor Assessment to Standardize the Informed Consent Process: Usability and Qualitative Content Analysis. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e47785. [PMID: 38981119 PMCID: PMC11267092 DOI: 10.2196/47785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney living donation carries risks, yet standardized information provision regarding nephrectomy risks and psychological impacts for candidates remains lacking. OBJECTIVE This study assesses the benefit of interactive health technology in improving the informed consent process for kidney living donation. METHODS The Kidney Hub institutional open portal offers comprehensive information on kidney disease and donation. Individuals willing to start the kidney living donation process at Helsinki University Hospital (January 2019-January 2022) were invited to use the patient-tailored digital care path (Living Donor Digital Care Path) included in the Kidney Hub. This platform provides detailed donation process information and facilitates communication between health care professionals and patients. eHealth literacy was evaluated via the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS), usability with the System Usability Scale (SUS), and system utility through Likert-scale surveys with scores of 1-5. Qualitative content analysis addressed an open-ended question. RESULTS The Kidney Hub portal received over 8000 monthly visits, including to its sections on donation benefits (n=1629 views) and impact on donors' lives (n=4850 views). Of 127 living kidney donation candidates, 7 did not use Living Donor Digital Care Path. Users' ages ranged from 20 to 79 years, and they exchanged over 3500 messages. A total of 74 living donor candidates participated in the survey. Female candidates more commonly searched the internet about kidney donation (n=79 female candidates vs n=48 male candidates; P=.04). The mean eHEALS score correlated with internet use for health decisions (r=0.45; P<.001) and its importance (r=0.40; P=.01). Participants found that the Living Donor Digital Care Path was technically satisfactory (mean SUS score 4.4, SD 0.54) and useful but not pivotal in donation decision-making. Concerns focused on postsurgery coping for donors and recipients. CONCLUSIONS Telemedicine effectively educates living kidney donor candidates on the donation process. The Living Donor Digital Care Path serves as a valuable eHealth tool, aiding clinicians in standardizing steps toward informed consent. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04791670; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04791670. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051166.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Ortiz
- Abdominal Center-Nephrology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juulia Grasberger
- Abdominal Center-Nephrology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Agneta Ekstrand
- Abdominal Center-Nephrology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Helanterä
- Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center-Transplantation and Liver Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Guido Giunti
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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2
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Spoon EQW, Kortram K, Ismail SY, Nieboer D, d’Ancona FCH, Christiaans MHL, Dam RE, Hofker HS, Hoksbergen AWJ, van der Pant KA, Toorop RJ, van de Wetering J, Ijzermans JNM, Dor FJMF. Living Kidney Donor Knowledge of Provided Information and Informed Consent: The PRINCE Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030698. [PMID: 35160147 PMCID: PMC8837079 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Informed consent for living kidney donation is paramount, as donors are healthy individuals undergoing surgery for the benefit of others. The informed consent process for living kidney donors is heterogenous, and the question concerns how well they are actually informed. Knowledge assessments, before and after donor education, can form the basis for a standardized informed consent procedure for live kidney donation. Methods: In this prospective, a multicenter national cohort study conducted in all eight kidney transplant centers in The Netherlands, we assessed the current status of the informed consent practice for live donor nephrectomy. All of the potential living kidney donors in the participating centers were invited to participate. They completed a pop quiz during their first outpatient appointment (Cohort A). Living kidney donors completed the same pop quiz upon admission for donor nephrectomy (Cohort B). Results: In total, 656 pop quizzes were completed (417 in Cohort A, and 239 in Cohort B). The average donor knowledge score was 7.0/25.0 (±3.9, range 0–18) in Cohort A, and 10.5/25.0 (±2.8, range 0–17.5) in Cohort B. Cohort B scored significantly higher on overall knowledge, preparedness, and the individual item scores (p < 0.0001), except for the long-term complications (p = 0.91). Conclusions: Donor knowledge generally improves during the live donor workup, but it is still quite disappointing. Long-term complications, especially, deserve more attention during living kidney donor education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerentia Q. W. Spoon
- Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Department of Surgery, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.Q.W.S.); (K.K.); (J.N.M.I.)
| | - Kirsten Kortram
- Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Department of Surgery, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.Q.W.S.); (K.K.); (J.N.M.I.)
| | - Sohal Y. Ismail
- Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Daan Nieboer
- Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Department of Public Health, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Frank C. H. d’Ancona
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Department of Urology, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Maarten H. L. Christiaans
- Maastricht University Medical Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Ruth E. Dam
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Department of Nephrology, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Hendrik Sijbrand Hofker
- University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Surgery, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Karlijn Ami van der Pant
- Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Renal Transplant Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Renal Transplant Unit, Department of Nephrology, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raechel J. Toorop
- Utrecht University Medical Centre, Department of Surgery, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Jan N. M. Ijzermans
- Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Department of Surgery, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.Q.W.S.); (K.K.); (J.N.M.I.)
| | - Frank J. M. F. Dor
- Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Department of Surgery, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.Q.W.S.); (K.K.); (J.N.M.I.)
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Correspondence:
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3
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Seaman S, Brown D, Eno A, Yu S, Massie AB, Tobian AAR, Durand CM, Segev DL, Wu AW, Sugarman J. Development of a Patient Reported Measure of Experimental Transplants with HIV and Ethics in the United States (PROMETHEUS). J Patient Rep Outcomes 2021; 5:28. [PMID: 33738660 PMCID: PMC7973329 DOI: 10.1186/s41687-021-00297-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transplantation of HIV-positive (HIV+) donor organs for HIV+ recipients (HIV D+/R+) is now being performed as research in the United States, but raises ethical concerns. While patient-reported outcome measures are increasingly used to evaluate clinical interventions, there is no published measure to aptly capture patients' experiences in the unique context of experimental HIV D+/R+ transplantation. Therefore, we developed PROMETHEUS (patient-reported measure of experimental transplants with HIV and ethics in the United States). To do so, we created a conceptual framework, drafted a pilot battery using existing and new measures related to this context, and refined it based on cognitive and pilot testing. PROMETHEUS was administered 6-months post-transplant in a clinical trial evaluating these transplants. We analyzed data from the first 20 patient-participants for reliability and validity by calculating Cronbach's alpha and reviewing item performance characteristics. RESULTS PROMETHEUS 1.0 consisted of 29 items with 5 putative subscales: Emotions; Trust; Decision Making; Transplant; and Decision Satisfaction. Overall, responses were positive. Cronbach's alpha was > 0.8 for all subscales except Transplant, which was 0.38. Two Transplant subscale items were removed due to poor reliability and construct validity. CONCLUSIONS We developed PROMETHEUS to systematically capture patient-reported experiences with this novel experimental transplantation program, nested it in an actual clinical trial, and obtained preliminary data regarding its performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanti Seaman
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Diane Brown
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ann Eno
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sile Yu
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Allan B Massie
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aaron A R Tobian
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christine M Durand
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dorry L Segev
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Albert W Wu
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeremy Sugarman
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, 1809 Ashland Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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4
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Mjøen G, Maggiore U, Kessaris N, Kimenai D, Watschinger B, Mariat C, Sever MS, Crespo M, Peruzzi L, Spasovski G, Sørensen SS, Heemann U, Pascual J, Viklicky O, Courtney AE, Hadaya K, Wagner L, Nistor I, Hadjianastassiou V, Durlik M, Helanterä I, Oberbauer R, Oniscu G, Hilbrands L, Abramowicz D. Long-term risks after kidney donation: how do we inform potential donors? A survey from DESCARTES and EKITA transplantation working groups. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 36:1742-1753. [PMID: 33585931 PMCID: PMC8397510 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Publications from the last decade have increased knowledge regarding long-term risks after kidney donation. We wanted to perform a survey to assess how transplant professionals in Europe inform potential kidney donors regarding long-term risks. The objectives of the survey were to determine how they inform donors and to what extent, and to evaluate the degree of variation. Methods All transplant professionals involved in the evaluation process were considered eligible, regardless of the type of profession. The survey was dispatched as a link to a web-based survey. The subjects included questions on demographics, the information policy of the respondent and the use of risk calculators, including the difference of relative and absolute risks and how the respondents themselves understood these risks. Results The main finding was a large variation in how often different long-term risks were discussed with the potential donors, i.e. from always to never. Eighty percent of respondents stated that they always discuss the risk of end-stage renal disease, while 56% of respondents stated that they always discuss the risk of preeclampsia. Twenty percent of respondents answered correctly regarding the relationship between absolute and relative risks for rare outcomes. Conclusions The use of written information and checklists should be encouraged. This may improve standardization regarding the information provided to potential living kidney donors in Europe. There is a need for information and education among European transplant professionals regarding long-term risks after kidney donation and how to interpret and present these risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Mjøen
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Transplant Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Umberto Maggiore
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Diederik Kimenai
- Erasmus University Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Watschinger
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cristophe Mariat
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint Etienne, Saint Etienne, France
| | | | - Marta Crespo
- Hospital del Mar, Department of Nephrology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Goce Spasovski
- University Clinic of Nephrology, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | | | - Uwe Heemann
- Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Julio Pascual
- Hospital del Mar, Department of Nephrology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ondrej Viklicky
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | - Ionut Nistor
- Methodological Center for Medical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T. Popa", Iasi, Romania
| | - Vassilis Hadjianastassiou
- Renal Unit, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, Bart's Health, NHS Trust, London, UK.,University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | - Rainer Oberbauer
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Luuk Hilbrands
- Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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5
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Lentine KL, Kasiske BL, Levey AS, Adams PL, Alberú J, Bakr MA, Gallon L, Garvey CA, Guleria S, Li PKT, Segev DL, Taler SJ, Tanabe K, Wright L, Zeier MG, Cheung M, Garg AX. KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline on the Evaluation and Care of Living Kidney Donors. Transplantation 2017; 101:S1-S109. [PMID: 28742762 PMCID: PMC5540357 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The 2017 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Clinical Practice Guideline on the Evaluation and Care of Living Kidney Donors is intended to assist medical professionals who evaluate living kidney donor candidates and provide care before, during and after donation. The guideline development process followed the Grades of Recommendation Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach and guideline recommendations are based on systematic reviews of relevant studies that included critical appraisal of the quality of the evidence and the strength of recommendations. However, many recommendations, for which there was no evidence or no systematic search for evidence was undertaken by the Evidence Review Team, were issued as ungraded expert opinion recommendations. The guideline work group concluded that a comprehensive approach to risk assessment should replace decisions based on assessments of single risk factors in isolation. Original data analyses were undertaken to produce a "proof-in-concept" risk-prediction model for kidney failure to support a framework for quantitative risk assessment in the donor candidate evaluation and defensible shared decision making. This framework is grounded in the simultaneous consideration of each candidate's profile of demographic and health characteristics. The processes and framework for the donor candidate evaluation are presented, along with recommendations for optimal care before, during, and after donation. Limitations of the evidence are discussed, especially regarding the lack of definitive prospective studies and clinical outcome trials. Suggestions for future research, including the need for continued refinement of long-term risk prediction and novel approaches to estimating donation-attributable risks, are also provided.In citing this document, the following format should be used: Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Living Kidney Donor Work Group. KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline on the Evaluation and Care of Living Kidney Donors. Transplantation. 2017;101(Suppl 8S):S1-S109.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Josefina Alberú
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dorry L. Segev
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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6
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Bruce CR, Minard CG, Wilhelms L, Abraham M, Amione-Guerra J, Pham L, Grogan SD, Trachtenberg B, Smith ML, Bruckner BA, Estep JD, Kostick KM. Caregivers of Patients With Left Ventricular Assist Devices. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2017; 10:CIRCOUTCOMES.116.002879. [DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.116.002879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
How caregivers contribute to positive or negative outcomes for left ventricular assist device (LVAD) patients remains unclear. Our primary study objectives were to (1) identify caregiver support attributes through a retrospective chart review of social workers’ psychosocial assessments for LVAD patients and (2) determine how these attributes associated with patients’ post-LVAD placement mortality and Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support–defined morbidity events.
Methods and Results—
We retrospectively reviewed and recorded social workers’ clinical assessments of adult patients implanted with durable continuous-flow LVADs as bridge to transplant, destination therapy, or bridge to decision from January 2010 to December 2014. Associations between caregiver characteristics and patient mortality and morbidity events were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression. Patient follow-up time was calculated as the time from hospital discharge until the earliest among death with LVAD, transplant, or the last day of the study (December 31, 2015). Patients were censored for death with LVAD at the time of transplant or the last day of the study. A total of 96 LVAD recipients were included in this study. Having a caregiver who understands the severity of the illness and options available to the patient (as determined and documented by the social worker;
P
=0.01), a caregiver who has identified a backup plan (
P
=0.02), and a caregiver who is able to provide logistical support (
P
=0.04) significantly mitigated risk of death. The risk of death for an LVAD patient was also significantly lower among those who have at least 1 adult child who lives within 50 miles (
P
=0.03) and those who have an extended family who can care for the patient (
P
=0.03). The risk of death was 3.1× more likely among patients who live alone compared with those who do not live alone (
P
=0.04). No caregiver characteristics were significantly associated with morbidity.
Conclusions—
This exploratory, hypothesis-generating study suggests that mortality after LVAD placement is impacted by caregiver understanding of patient severity of illness and caregiver presence. This study provides initial evidence to support further work in understanding the associations between caregivers and LVAD patients, as well as interventions that may improve patient outcomes.
Clinical Trial Registration—
URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02248974.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtenay R. Bruce
- From the Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy (C.R.B., L.A.W., M.A., K.M.K.) and Dan L. Duncan Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (C.G.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Bioethics Program, Houston Methodist System, TX (C.R.B.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center and J.C. Walter Jr. Transplant Center, Houston, TX (J.A.-G., L.P., S.D.G., B.T., B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Department of Bioethics, Cleveland Clinic, OH (M.L.S.)
| | - Charles G. Minard
- From the Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy (C.R.B., L.A.W., M.A., K.M.K.) and Dan L. Duncan Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (C.G.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Bioethics Program, Houston Methodist System, TX (C.R.B.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center and J.C. Walter Jr. Transplant Center, Houston, TX (J.A.-G., L.P., S.D.G., B.T., B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Department of Bioethics, Cleveland Clinic, OH (M.L.S.)
| | - L.A. Wilhelms
- From the Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy (C.R.B., L.A.W., M.A., K.M.K.) and Dan L. Duncan Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (C.G.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Bioethics Program, Houston Methodist System, TX (C.R.B.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center and J.C. Walter Jr. Transplant Center, Houston, TX (J.A.-G., L.P., S.D.G., B.T., B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Department of Bioethics, Cleveland Clinic, OH (M.L.S.)
| | - Mackenzie Abraham
- From the Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy (C.R.B., L.A.W., M.A., K.M.K.) and Dan L. Duncan Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (C.G.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Bioethics Program, Houston Methodist System, TX (C.R.B.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center and J.C. Walter Jr. Transplant Center, Houston, TX (J.A.-G., L.P., S.D.G., B.T., B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Department of Bioethics, Cleveland Clinic, OH (M.L.S.)
| | - Javier Amione-Guerra
- From the Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy (C.R.B., L.A.W., M.A., K.M.K.) and Dan L. Duncan Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (C.G.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Bioethics Program, Houston Methodist System, TX (C.R.B.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center and J.C. Walter Jr. Transplant Center, Houston, TX (J.A.-G., L.P., S.D.G., B.T., B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Department of Bioethics, Cleveland Clinic, OH (M.L.S.)
| | - Linda Pham
- From the Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy (C.R.B., L.A.W., M.A., K.M.K.) and Dan L. Duncan Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (C.G.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Bioethics Program, Houston Methodist System, TX (C.R.B.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center and J.C. Walter Jr. Transplant Center, Houston, TX (J.A.-G., L.P., S.D.G., B.T., B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Department of Bioethics, Cleveland Clinic, OH (M.L.S.)
| | - Sherry D. Grogan
- From the Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy (C.R.B., L.A.W., M.A., K.M.K.) and Dan L. Duncan Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (C.G.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Bioethics Program, Houston Methodist System, TX (C.R.B.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center and J.C. Walter Jr. Transplant Center, Houston, TX (J.A.-G., L.P., S.D.G., B.T., B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Department of Bioethics, Cleveland Clinic, OH (M.L.S.)
| | - Barry Trachtenberg
- From the Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy (C.R.B., L.A.W., M.A., K.M.K.) and Dan L. Duncan Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (C.G.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Bioethics Program, Houston Methodist System, TX (C.R.B.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center and J.C. Walter Jr. Transplant Center, Houston, TX (J.A.-G., L.P., S.D.G., B.T., B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Department of Bioethics, Cleveland Clinic, OH (M.L.S.)
| | - Martin L. Smith
- From the Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy (C.R.B., L.A.W., M.A., K.M.K.) and Dan L. Duncan Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (C.G.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Bioethics Program, Houston Methodist System, TX (C.R.B.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center and J.C. Walter Jr. Transplant Center, Houston, TX (J.A.-G., L.P., S.D.G., B.T., B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Department of Bioethics, Cleveland Clinic, OH (M.L.S.)
| | - Brian A. Bruckner
- From the Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy (C.R.B., L.A.W., M.A., K.M.K.) and Dan L. Duncan Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (C.G.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Bioethics Program, Houston Methodist System, TX (C.R.B.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center and J.C. Walter Jr. Transplant Center, Houston, TX (J.A.-G., L.P., S.D.G., B.T., B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Department of Bioethics, Cleveland Clinic, OH (M.L.S.)
| | - Jerry D. Estep
- From the Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy (C.R.B., L.A.W., M.A., K.M.K.) and Dan L. Duncan Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (C.G.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Bioethics Program, Houston Methodist System, TX (C.R.B.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center and J.C. Walter Jr. Transplant Center, Houston, TX (J.A.-G., L.P., S.D.G., B.T., B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Department of Bioethics, Cleveland Clinic, OH (M.L.S.)
| | - Kristin M. Kostick
- From the Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy (C.R.B., L.A.W., M.A., K.M.K.) and Dan L. Duncan Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (C.G.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Bioethics Program, Houston Methodist System, TX (C.R.B.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center and J.C. Walter Jr. Transplant Center, Houston, TX (J.A.-G., L.P., S.D.G., B.T., B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Department of Bioethics, Cleveland Clinic, OH (M.L.S.)
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7
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Lentine KL, Segev DL. Understanding and Communicating Medical Risks for Living Kidney Donors: A Matter of Perspective. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:12-24. [PMID: 27591246 PMCID: PMC5198293 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016050571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Communicating the current knowledge of medical outcomes after live kidney donation necessary to support donor candidates in well informed decision-making requires grounding in perspectives of comparison. Baseline risk (without donating), risk attributable to donation, and absolute risk (after donating) need to be considered. Severe perioperative complications and death are rare, but vary by demographic, clinical, and procedure factors. Innovative capture of "healthy" controls designed to simulate donor selection processes has identified higher risk of ESRD attributable to donation in two studies; importantly, however, the absolute 15-year ESRD incidence in donors remains very low (0.3%). In the first decade after donation, the risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events is no higher than in healthy nondonors. Pregnancies in donors may incur attributable risk of gestational hypertension or preeclampsia (11% versus 5% incidence in one study). A modest rise in uric acid levels beginning early after donation, and a small (1.4%) increase in the 8-year incidence of gout, have also been reported in comparisons to healthy nondonors. As in the general population, postdonation outcomes vary by race, sex, and age. Efforts to improve the counseling and selection of living donors should focus on developing tools for tailored risk prediction according to donor characteristics, and ideally, compared with similar healthy nondonors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista L. Lentine
- Saint Louis University Center for Abdominal Transplantation, Transplant Nephrology, St. Louis, Missouri;,Department of Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Dorry L. Segev
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Gordon EJ, Mullee J, Skaro A, Baker T. Live liver donors' information needs: A qualitative study of practical implications for informed consent. Surgery 2016; 160:671-82. [PMID: 27269968 PMCID: PMC4975671 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As live donor liver transplantation is increasingly used to expand the donor pool, concerns remain regarding how best to obtain live liver donors' informed consent. This study assessed donors' information preferences and their perceptions of informed consent. METHODS Cognitive interviews were conducted with donors by telephone about how knowledge items in a new survey instrument were material to informed consent, between November 2011 and April 2012. Thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data until reaching saturation. RESULTS Twenty-nine liver donors participated (85% participation). Donors commonly reported being unable to understand or retain much information disclosed during education. Donors preferred information about major donation risks, eg, death and minor risks that would likely affect their daily lives, eg, wound infection. Donors expressed less interest in information about their rights, confidentiality, or the medical procedure itself. Donors' preferences varied regarding statistical information. Many perceived the disclosure of risk information to be excessive, and rationalized risks they believed to be uncommon or not serious. Donors were disappointed by the brevity of the postdonation hospital stay. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the complexity and volume of disclosed information during evaluation were difficult for donors to adequately comprehend. Donors' lack of appreciation for the seriousness of complications may undermine their ability to provide informed consent. Future research should develop effective methods of information delivery to enhance informed consent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa J Gordon
- Center for Healthcare Studies, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Comprehensive Transplant Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
| | - Jack Mullee
- Department of Anthropology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Anton Skaro
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Talia Baker
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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Chokechanachaisakul A, Baker T. Living Donor Liver Transplantation (LDLT). CURRENT SURGERY REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40137-015-0119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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