1
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Rajamanickam KR, Lee S. Ring Opening of N-Acyl Lactams Using Nickel-Catalyzed Transamidation. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38173413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
We successfully developed a nickel-catalyzed transamidation method for the ring opening of N-acyl lactams. The method involves a reaction between N-benzoylpyrrolidin-2-one derivatives and aniline derivatives, with Ni(PPh3)2Cl2 serving as the catalyst, 2,2'-bipyridine as the ligand, and manganese as the reducing agent. This reaction led to the formation of ring-opening-amidated products in good yields. Notably, the method exhibited excellent efficiency for producing the corresponding ring-opening transamidation products for various ring sizes, including four-, five-, six-, seven-, and eight-membered ring lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunwoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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2
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Pachla J, Kopiasz RJ, Marek G, Tomaszewski W, Głogowska A, Drężek K, Kowalczyk S, Podgórski R, Butruk-Raszeja B, Ciach T, Mierzejewska J, Plichta A, Augustynowicz-Kopeć E, Jańczewski D. Polytrimethylenimines: Highly Potent Antibacterial Agents with Activity and Toxicity Modulated by the Polymer Molecular Weight. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:2237-2249. [PMID: 37093622 PMCID: PMC10170506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Cationic polymers have been extensively investigated as a potential replacement for traditional antibiotics. Here, we examined the effect of molecular weight (MW) on the antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and hemolytic activity of linear polytrimethylenimine (L-PTMI). The results indicate that the biological activity of the polymer sharply increases as MW increases. Thanks to a different position of the antibacterial activity and toxicity thresholds, tuning the MW of PTMI allows one to achieve a therapeutic window between antimicrobial activity and toxicity concentrations. L-PTMI presents significantly higher antimicrobial activity against model microorganisms than linear polyethylenimine (L-PEI) when polymers with a similar number of repeating units are compared. For the derivatives of L-PTMI and L-PEI, obtained through N-monomethylation and partial N,N-dimethylation of linear polyamines, the antimicrobial activity and toxicity were both reduced; however, resulting selectivity indices were higher. Selected materials were tested against clinical isolates of pathogens from the ESKAPE group and Mycobacteria, revealing good antibacterial properties of L-PTMI against antibiotic-resistant strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but limited antibacterial properties against Mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julita Pachla
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał J Kopiasz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gabriela Marek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Waldemar Tomaszewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Głogowska
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Płocka 26, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Drężek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Kowalczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Podgórski
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Butruk-Raszeja
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ciach
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Mierzejewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Plichta
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Płocka 26, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominik Jańczewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Saeki R, Kobayashi S, Shimazui R, Nii T, Kishimura A, Mori T, Tanaka M, Katayama Y. Characterization of polypropyleneimine as an alternative transfection reagent. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:1015-1020. [PMID: 36859695 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00284-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Polypropyleneimine (PPI) was examined as a transfection reagent comparing with most widely used polymer, polyethyleneimine (PEI). PPI had better responsiveness to the endosomal pH and showed more condensation ability of plasmid DNA than PEI. Although the cytotoxicity of PPI was somewhat higher than PEI, the transfection efficacy of PPI was comparable with PEI or higher than PEI in some cell line. Thus, PPI would be an alternative transfection reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Saeki
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shingo Kobayashi
- Soft Materials Chemistry, Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Build. CE41, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Rena Shimazui
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Teruki Nii
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kishimura
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,International Research Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mori
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan. .,Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Soft Materials Chemistry, Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Build. CE41, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Katayama
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan. .,Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan. .,International Research Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan. .,Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung Li, Taoyuan City, 32023 ROC, Taiwan.
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4
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The Anionic Polymerization of a tert-Butyl-Carboxylate-Activated Aziridine. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163253. [PMID: 36015510 PMCID: PMC9416489 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Sulfonyl-activated aziridines are known to undergo anionic-ring-opening polymerizations (AROP) to form polysulfonyllaziridines. However, the post-polymerization deprotection of the sulfonyl groups from polysulfonyllaziridines remains challenging. In this report, the polymerization of tert-butyl aziridine-1-carboxylate (BocAz) is reported. BocAz has an electron-withdrawing tert-butyloxycarbonyl (BOC) group on the aziridine nitrogen. The BOC group activates the aziridine for AROP and allows the synthesis of low-molecular-weight poly(BocAz) chains. A 13C NMR spectroscopic analysis of poly(BocAz) suggested that the polymer is linear. The attainable molecular weight of poly(BocAz) is limited by the poor solubility of poly(BocAz) in AROP-compatible solvents. The deprotection of poly(BocAz) using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) cleanly produces linear polyethyleneimine. Overall, these results suggest that carbonyl groups, such as BOC, can play a larger role in the in the activation of aziridines in anionic polymerization and in the synthesis of polyimines.
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5
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Elzes MR, Mertens I, Sedlacek O, Verbraeken B, Doensen ACA, Mees MA, Glassner M, Jana S, Paulusse JMJ, Hoogenboom R. Linear Poly(ethylenimine-propylenimine) Random Copolymers for Gene Delivery: From Polymer Synthesis to Efficient Transfection with High Serum Tolerance. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2459-2470. [PMID: 35499242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring oligoamines, such as spermine, spermidine, and putrescine, are well-known regulators of gene expression. These oligoamines frequently have short alkyl spacers with varying lengths between the amines. Linear polyethylenimine (PEI) is a polyamine that has been widely applied as a gene vector, with various formulations currently in clinical trials. In order to emulate natural oligoamine gene regulators, linear random copolymers containing both PEI and polypropylenimine (PPI) repeat units were designed as novel gene delivery agents. In general, statistical copolymerization of 2-oxazolines and 2-oxazines leads to the formation of gradient copolymers. In this study, however, we describe for the first time the synthesis of near-ideal random 2-oxazoline/2-oxazine copolymers through careful tuning of the monomer structures and reactivity as well as polymerization conditions. These copolymers were then transformed into near-random PEI-PPI copolymers by controlled side-chain hydrolysis. The prepared PEI-PPI copolymers formed stable polyplexes with GFP-encoding plasmid DNA, as validated by dynamic light scattering. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency of polyplexes were evaluated in C2C12 mouse myoblasts. While the polymer chain length did not significantly increase the toxicity, a higher PPI content was associated with increased toxicity and also lowered the amount of polymers needed to achieve efficient transfection. The transfection efficiency was significantly influenced by the degree of polymerization of PEI-PPI, whereby longer polymers resulted in more transfected cells. Copolymers with 60% or lower PPI content exhibited a good balance between high plasmid-DNA transfection efficiency and low toxicity. Interestingly, these novel PEI-PPI copolymers revealed exceptional serum tolerance, whereby transfection efficiencies of up to 53% of transfected cells were achieved even under 50% serum conditions. These copolymers, especially PEI-PPI with DP500 and a 1:1 PEI/PPI ratio, were identified as promising transfection agents for plasmid DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rachèl Elzes
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ine Mertens
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ondrej Sedlacek
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bart Verbraeken
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aniek C A Doensen
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.,Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maarten A Mees
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mathias Glassner
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Somdeb Jana
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jos M J Paulusse
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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6
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Coelho F, Botelho C, Paris JL, Marques EF, Silva BF. Influence of the media ionic strength on the formation and in vitro biological performance of polycation-DNA complexes. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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7
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Gleede T, Reisman L, Rieger E, Mbarushimana PC, Rupar PA, Wurm FR. Aziridines and azetidines: building blocks for polyamines by anionic and cationic ring-opening polymerization. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00278b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of aziridine and azetidine monomers and their ring-opening polymerization via different mechanisms is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassilo Gleede
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Louis Reisman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The University of Alabama
- Tuscaloosa
- USA
| | | | | | - Paul A. Rupar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The University of Alabama
- Tuscaloosa
- USA
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8
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Reisman L, Rowe EA, Jackson EM, Thomas C, Simone T, Rupar PA. Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of N-(tolylsulfonyl)azetidines To Produce Linear Poly(trimethylenimine) and Closed-System Block Copolymers. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:15626-15630. [PMID: 30407804 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The anionic ring-opening copolymerization of N-( p-tolylsulfonyl)azetidine ( pTsAzet) and N-( o-tolylsulfonyl)azetidine ( oTsAzet) produces poly( pTsAzet- co- oTsAzet) as a statistical copolymer. The pTsAzet/ oTsAzet copolymerization is living and allows for the synthesis of poly(sulfonylazetidine) of target molecular weights with narrow dispersities. 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to monitor the kinetics of the polymerization and estimate the monomer reactivity ratios. It was found that the reactivity ratios for oTsAzet and pTsAzet at 180 °C are 1.66 and 0.60, respectively. The tosyl groups of p( pTsAzet- co- oTsAzet) were reductively removed to produce linear poly(trimethylenimine) (LPTMI). This represents the first route to LPTMI of controlled molecular weight and low dispersity. Finally, the slow kinetics of the sulfonylazetidine polymerization facilitated the synthesis of a block copolymer without requiring the sequential addition of monomer. Specifically, pTsAzet, oTsAzet, and ( N- p-toluenesulfonyl-2-methylaziridine) ( pTsMAz) were combined in solution. pTsMAz selectively polymerizes to form the first block at moderate temperature. After consumption of pTsMAz, the temperature was increased to copolymerize pTsAzet and oTsAzet and produce the block copolymer p( pTsMAz)- b-p( pTsAzet- co- oTsAzet).
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Reisman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa , Alabama 35487-0336 , United States
| | - Elizabeth A Rowe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa , Alabama 35487-0336 , United States
| | - Enrique M Jackson
- Materials Test Branch , NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Martin Road SW , Huntsville , Alabama 35808 , United States
| | - Christian Thomas
- Materials Test Branch , NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Martin Road SW , Huntsville , Alabama 35808 , United States
| | - Tomekia Simone
- Department of Chemistry , Dillard University , 2601 Gentilly Boulevard , New Orleans , Louisiana 70122 , United States
| | - Paul A Rupar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa , Alabama 35487-0336 , United States
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9
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Dimde M, Steinhilber D, Neumann F, Li Y, Paulus F, Ma N, Haag R. Synthesis of pH-Cleavable dPG-Amines for Gene Delivery Application. Macromol Biosci 2016; 17. [PMID: 27430195 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of effective nonviral vectors for gene therapy is still a challenge in research, due to the high toxicity of many existing polycationic nanocarriers. In this paper, the development of two pH-cleavable polyglycerol-amine-based nanocarriers is described. The benz-acetal bond represents the pH-sensitive cleavage site between dendritic polyglycerol (dPG) and glycerol-based 1,2-diamines that can complex genetic material. Due to the acid lability of the acetal moiety, the cleavable dPG-amines are less toxic in vitro. Cell-mediated degradation results in non-toxic dPG with low amine functionalization and low molecular weight cleavage products (cp). The genetic material is released because of the loss of multivalent amine groups. Interestingly, the release kinetics at the endosomal pH could be controlled by simple chemical modification of the acetals. In vitro experiments demonstrate the ability of the cleavable dPG-amine to transfect HeLa cells with GFP-DNA, which resulted in cell-compatible cleavage products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Dimde
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Dirk Steinhilber
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Falko Neumann
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Florian Paulus
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Nan Ma
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany.,Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstrasse 55, Teltow, 14513, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
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10
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Davydova NK, Sinitsyna OV, Sergeev VN, Perevyazko I, Laukhina EE. Towards DNA sensing polymers: interaction between acrylamide/3-(N,N-dimethylaminopropyl)-acrylamide and DNA phage λ at various N/P ratios. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11231e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study relates to the development of cationic polymers that are of great interest due to their enormous potential for biomedical applications, especially as non-viral vectors for gene therapy, active components in DNA sensing devices, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. K. Davydova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - O. V. Sinitsyna
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - V. N. Sergeev
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - I. Perevyazko
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Polymer Physics
- St. Petersburg State University
- St. Petersburg
- Russian Federation
| | - E. E. Laukhina
- The Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering
- Biomaterials and Nanomedicine
- ICMAB-CSIC
- Bellaterra
- Spain
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11
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Elsayed M, Corrand V, Kolhatkar V, Xie Y, Kim NH, Kolhatkar R, Merkel OM. Influence of oligospermines architecture on their suitability for siRNA delivery. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:1299-310. [PMID: 24552396 PMCID: PMC3993926 DOI: 10.1021/bm401849d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Spermines are naturally abundant
polyamines that partially condense
nucleic acids and exhibit the proton-sponge effect in an acidic environment.
However, spermines show a limited efficiency for transfecting nucleic
acids because of their low molecular weight. Therefore, spermines
need to be modified to be used as nonviral vectors for nucleic acids.
Here, we synthesized linear bisspermine as well as a linear and dendritic
tetraspermine with different molecular architectures. These oligospermines
were self-assembled into polyplexes with siRNA. The structure–activity
relationship of the oligospermines was evaluated in terms of their
efficiency for delivering siRNA into a nonsmall cell lung carcinoma
cell line. Oligospermines displayed minimal cytotoxicity but efficient
siRNA condensation and showed better stability against polyanions
than polyethylenimine. The morphology of the polyplexes was strongly
affected by the oligospermine architecture. Linear tetraspermine/siRNA
polyplexes showed the best gene-silencing efficiency among the oligospermines
tested at both the mRNA and protein expression levels, indicating
the most favorable structure for siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Elsayed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University , 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
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12
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Tschiche A, Staedtler AM, Malhotra S, Bauer H, Böttcher C, Sharbati S, Calderón M, Koch M, Zollner TM, Barnard A, Smith DK, Einspanier R, Schmidt N, Haag R. Polyglycerol-based amphiphilic dendrons as potential siRNA carriers for in vivo applications. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:2153-2167. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21364a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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13
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Jahromi AH, Fu Y, Miller KA, Nguyen L, Luu LM, Baranger AM, Zimmerman SC. Developing bivalent ligands to target CUG triplet repeats, the causative agent of myotonic dystrophy type 1. J Med Chem 2013; 56:9471-9481. [PMID: 24188018 DOI: 10.1021/jm400794z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An expanded CUG repeat transcript (CUG(exp)) is the causative agent of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) by sequestering muscleblind-like 1 protein (MBNL1), a regulator of alternative splicing. On the basis of a ligand (1) that was previously reported to be active in an in vitro assay, we present the synthesis of a small library containing 10 dimeric ligands (4-13) that differ in length, composition, and attachment point of the linking chain. The oligoamino linkers gave a greater gain in affinity for CUG RNA and were more effective when compared to oligoether linkers. The most potent in vitro ligand (9) was shown to be aqueous-soluble and both cell- and nucleus-permeable, displaying almost complete dispersion of MBNL1 ribonuclear foci in a DM1 cell model. Direct evidence for the bioactivity of 9 was observed in its ability to disperse ribonuclear foci in individual live DM1 model cells using time-lapse confocal fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Haghighat Jahromi
- Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yuan Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kali A Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Lien Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Long M Luu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Anne M Baranger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Steven C Zimmerman
- Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
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14
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Jahromi AH, Nguyen L, Fu Y, Miller KA, Baranger AM, Zimmerman SC. A novel CUG(exp)·MBNL1 inhibitor with therapeutic potential for myotonic dystrophy type 1. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:1037-43. [PMID: 23480597 DOI: 10.1021/cb400046u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is caused by an expanded CUG repeat (CUG(exp)) that sequesters muscleblind-like 1 protein (MBNL1), a protein that regulates alternative splicing. CUG(exp) RNA is a validated drug target for this currently untreatable disease. Herein, we develop a bioactive small molecule (1) that targets CUG(exp) RNA and is able to inhibit the CUG(exp)·MBNL1 interaction in cells that model DM1. The core of this small molecule is based on ligand 2, which was previously reported to be active in an in vitro assay. A polyamine-derivative side chain was conjugated to this core to make it aqueous-soluble and cell-penetrable. In a DM1 cell model this conjugate was found to disperse CUG(exp) ribonuclear foci, release MBNL1, and partially reverse the mis-splicing of the insulin receptor pre-mRNA. Direct evidence for ribonuclear foci dispersion by this ligand was obtained in a live DM1 cell model using time-lapse confocal microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Haghighat Jahromi
- Center for Biophysics
and Computational Biology and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Lien Nguyen
- Center for Biophysics
and Computational Biology and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Yuan Fu
- Center for Biophysics
and Computational Biology and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Kali A. Miller
- Center for Biophysics
and Computational Biology and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Anne M. Baranger
- Center for Biophysics
and Computational Biology and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Steven C. Zimmerman
- Center for Biophysics
and Computational Biology and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States
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15
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Altin B, Barth A, Bressel K, Chiappisi L, Dürr M, Dzionara M, Elgammal M, Fliegner D, Ganas C, Gupta S, Hedicke G, Heunemann P, Hoffmann I, Joksimovic R, Kaur R, Klee A, Liu HY, Lutzki J, de Molina PM, Medebach M, Michel R, Muthig M, Nguyen-Kim V, Oppel C, Prévost S, Popig J, Riemer S, Sperling M, Strassnick R, Zhang L, Gradzielski M. Investigations in the Stranski-Laboratorium of the TU Berlin – Physical Chemistry of Colloidal Systems – Going Towards Complexity and Functionality. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/113.110191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The research topics of our group are in general from the field of physical chemistry of colloidal systems. Within this rather wide layout a large variety of quite different questions and systems are tackled, where the common bridging factor is the aim of understanding the properties of colloidal systems based on their mesoscopic structure and dynamics, which in turn are controlled by their molecular composition. With such an enhanced understanding of the correlation between mesoscopic structure and the macroscopic properties the goal then is to employ this knowledge in order to formulate increasingly complex colloidal system with correspondingly more variable and interesting functionalities. From this general context of investigations, some representative systems and questions that have been studied in recent time by us are covered in this text.
They comprise the phase behaviour and the structures formed in solutions of surfactants and amphiphilic copolymers. Once these static properties are known, we also have a high interest in the dynamic properties and the kinetics of morphological transitions as they are observed under non-equilibrium conditions, since they are frequently encountered in applications. A key property of amphiphilic molecules is their ability to solubilise sparingly soluble compounds thereby forming microemulsions or nanoemulsions, where the ability to form such systems depends strongly on the molecular architecture of the amphiphiles. By turning to polymeric amphiphiles the concept of surfactants and their architecture can be extended largely towards more versatile structures, more complex self-assembly and much larger length and time scales. Another direction is the surfactant assisted formation of nanoparticles or mesoporous inorganic materials. By combining copolymers with other polymers, copolymers, colloids, or surfactants – for instance via electrostatically driven co-assembly – one may then form increasingly complex colloidal aggregates. By doing so one is able to control rheological properties or develop complex delivery systems, whose properties can be tailor-made by appropriate choice of the molecular build-up. This striving towards well controlled complexity achieved by means of self- and co-assembly then leads to increasingly more functional systems and is the key direction for future research activities in our group.
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16
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Kwon YJ. Before and after endosomal escape: roles of stimuli-converting siRNA/polymer interactions in determining gene silencing efficiency. Acc Chem Res 2012; 45:1077-88. [PMID: 22103667 DOI: 10.1021/ar200241v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Silencing the expression of a target gene by RNA interference (RNAi) shows promise as a potentially revolutionizing strategy for manipulating biological (pathological) pathways at the translational level. However, the lack of reliable, efficient, versatile, and safe means for the delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules, which are large in molecular weight, negatively charged, and subject to degradation, has impeded their use in basic research and therapy. Polyplexes of siRNA and polymers are the predominant mode of siRNA delivery, but innovative synthetic strategies are needed to further evolve them to generate the desired biological and therapeutic effects. This Account focuses on the design of polymeric vehicles for siRNA delivery based on an understanding of the molecular interactions between siRNA and cationic polymers. Ideal siRNA/polymer polyplexes should address an inherent design dilemma for successful gene silencing: (1) Cationic polymers must form tight complexes with siRNA via attractive electrostatic interactions during circulation and cellular internalization and (2) siRNA must dissociate from its cationic carrier in the cytoplasm before they are loaded into RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) and initiate gene silencing. The physicochemical properties of polymers, which dictate their molecular affinity to siRNA, can be programmed to be altered by intracellular stimuli, such as acidic pH in the endosome and cytosolic reducers, subsequently inducing the siRNA/polymer polyplex to disassemble. Specific design goals include the reduction of the cationic density and the molecular weight, the loss of branched structure, and changes in the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of the polymeric siRNA carriers, via acid-responsive degradation and protonation processes within the endosome and glutathione (GSH)-mediated reduction in the cytoplasm, possibly in combination with gradual stimuli-independent hydrolysis. Acetals/ketals are acid-cleavable linkages that have been incorporated into polymeric materials for stimuli-responsive gene and drug delivery. Tailoring the ketalization ratio and the molecular weight of ketalized branched PEI (K-BPEI) offers molecular control of the intracellular trafficking of siRNA/polymer polyplexes and, therefore, the gene silencing efficiency. The ketalization of linear PEI (K-LPEI) enhances gene silencing in vitro and in vivo by improving siRNA complexation with the polymer during circulation and cellular internalization, supplementing proton buffering efficiency of the polymer in the endosome, and facilitating siRNA dissociation from the polymer in the cytoplasm, in a serum-resistant manner. Spermine polymerization via ketalization and esterification for multistep intracellular degradations provides an additional polymeric platform for improved siRNA delivery and highly biocompatible gene silencing. The chemistry presented in this Account will help lay the foundation for the development of innovative and strategic approaches that advance RNAi technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jik Kwon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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17
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Cassimjee KE, Marín SR, Berglund P. Synthesis of cyclic polyamines by enzymatic generation of an amino aldehyde in situ. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 33:1580-3. [PMID: 22761014 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional polycationic polyamines, for example, used in drug and gene delivery, have product range limitations in their synthesis methods. Here, we synthesize a polyamine by forming a self-assembling amino aldehyde from the corresponding amino alcohol with horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (HLADH), followed by reduction. Circular polyamines were synthesized from 3-amino-propan-1-ol as starting material, analogous to cyclic polyamines formed from azetidin. The product had an isolated yield of 89.7% or 15.3 g L(-1) . The predicted range of possible polyamine products by this method is broad since many amino alcohols are putative substrates for HLADH. The enzyme also had activity for 2-amino-propan-1-ol and 2-amino-2-phenyl-ethanol, for which the enantioselectivity was 330 (S) and 32 (R), respectively.
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18
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Prévost S, Riemer S, Fischer W, Haag R, Böttcher C, Gummel J, Grillo I, Appavou MS, Gradzielski M. Colloidal Structure and Stability of DNA/Polycations Polyplexes Investigated by Small Angle Scattering. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:4272-82. [DOI: 10.1021/bm201184w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Prévost
- Stranski-Laboratorium für
Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des
17. Juni 124, Sekr. TC7, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
- Soft
Matter and Functional Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Lise-Meitner-Campus, Hahn-Meitner-Platz
1, D-14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Riemer
- Stranski-Laboratorium für
Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des
17. Juni 124, Sekr. TC7, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wiebke Fischer
- Institut für Chemie und
Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und
Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Böttcher
- Institut für Chemie und
Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 36a, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jérémie Gummel
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, F-38042, Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Grillo
- Institut Laue Langevin, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marie-Sousai Appavou
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IFF-JCNS, Lichtenbergerstraße 1, D-85747
Garching, Germany
| | - Michael Gradzielski
- Stranski-Laboratorium für
Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des
17. Juni 124, Sekr. TC7, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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19
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King JT, Desai UR. Linear polyalkylamines as fingerprinting agents in capillary electrophoresis of low-molecular-weight heparins and glycosaminoglycans. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:3070-7. [PMID: 22002802 PMCID: PMC3516877 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) analysis represents a challenging frontier despite the advent of many high-resolution technologies because of their unparalleled structural complexity. We previously developed a resolving agent-aided capillary electrophoretic approach for fingerprinting low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) to profile their microscopic differences and assess batch-to-batch variability. In this report, we study the application of this approach for fingerprinting other GAGs and analyze the basis for the fingerprints observed in CE. Although the resolving agents, linear polyalkylamines, could resolve the broad featureless electropherogram of LMWH into a large number of distinct, highly reproducible peaks, longer GAGs such as chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and heparin responded in a highly individualistic manner. Full-length heparin interacted with linear polyalkylamines very strongly followed by dermatan sulfate, whereas chondroitin sulfate remained essentially unaffected. Oversulfated chondroitin sulfate could be easily identified from full-length heparin. Scatchard analysis of the binding profile of enoxaparin with three linear polyalkylamines displayed a biphasic binding profile suggesting two distinctly different types of interactions. Some LMWH chains were found to interact with linear polyalkylamines with affinities as high as 10 nM, whereas others displayed nearly 5000-fold weaker affinities. These observations provide fundamental insight into the basis for fingerprinting of LMWHs by linear polyalkylamine-based resolving agents, which could be utilized in the design of advanced resolving agents for compositional profiling, direct sequencing, and chemoinformatics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Timothy King
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Umesh R. Desai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
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20
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Fischer W, Quadir MA, Barnard A, Smith DK, Haag R. Controlled Release of DNA From Photoresponsive Hyperbranched Polyglycerols with Oligoamine Shells. Macromol Biosci 2011; 11:1736-46. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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