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Xu K, Du Y, Xu B, Huang Y, Feng W, Yu D, Chen Y, Wang X. Gelatin-Encapsulated Tetrahedral DNA Nanostructure Enhances Cellular Internalization for Treating Noise-Induced Hearing Loss. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310604. [PMID: 38329190 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based drug delivery strategies have emerged as a crucial avenue for comprehensive sensorineural hearing loss treatment. Nevertheless, developing therapy vectors crossing both biological and cellular barriers has encountered significant challenges deriving from various external factors. Herein, the rational integration of gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) with tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs) to engineer a distinct drug-delivery nanosystem (designed as TDN@GNP) efficiently enhances the biological permeability and cellular internalization, further resolving the dilemma of noise-induced hearing loss via loading epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) with anti-lipid peroxidation property. Rationally engineering of TDN@GNP demonstrates dramatic alterations in the physicochemical key parameters of TDNs that are pivotal in cell-particle interactions and promote cellular uptake through multiple endocytic pathways. Furthermore, the EGCG-loaded nanosystem (TDN-EGCG@GNP) facilitates efficient inner ear drug delivery by superior permeability through the biological barrier (round window membrane), maintaining high drug concentration within the inner ear. The TDN-EGCG@GNP actively overcomes the cell membrane, exhibiting hearing protection from noise insults via reduced lipid peroxidation in outer hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons. This work exemplifies how integrating diverse vector functionalities can overcome biological and cellular barriers in the inner ear, offering promising applications for inner ear disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200100, P. R. China
| | - Yiwei Du
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200100, P. R. China
| | - Baoying Xu
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yuqi Huang
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Dehong Yu
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Xueling Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200100, P. R. China
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2
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Eweje F, Walsh ML, Ahmad K, Ibrahim V, Alrefai A, Chen J, Chaikof EL. Protein-based nanoparticles for therapeutic nucleic acid delivery. Biomaterials 2024; 305:122464. [PMID: 38181574 PMCID: PMC10872380 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
To realize the full potential of emerging nucleic acid therapies, there is a need for effective delivery agents to transport cargo to cells of interest. Protein materials exhibit several unique properties, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, ease of functionalization via recombinant and chemical modifications, among other features, which establish a promising basis for therapeutic nucleic acid delivery systems. In this review, we highlight progress made in the use of non-viral protein-based nanoparticles for nucleic acid delivery in vitro and in vivo, while elaborating on key physicochemical properties that have enabled the use of these materials for nanoparticle formulation and drug delivery. To conclude, we comment on the prospects and unresolved challenges associated with the translation of protein-based nucleic acid delivery systems for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyisayo Eweje
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Harvard and MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard/MIT MD-PhD Program, Boston, MA, USA, 02115; Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Michelle L Walsh
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Harvard and MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard/MIT MD-PhD Program, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - Kiran Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Vanessa Ibrahim
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Assma Alrefai
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jiaxuan Chen
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Elliot L Chaikof
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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3
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Hogan KJ, Perez MR, Mikos AG. Extracellular matrix component-derived nanoparticles for drug delivery and tissue engineering. J Control Release 2023; 360:888-912. [PMID: 37482344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) consists of a complex combination of proteins, proteoglycans, and other biomolecules. ECM-based materials have been demonstrated to have high biocompatibility and bioactivity, which may be harnessed for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. Herein, nanoparticles incorporating ECM-based materials and their applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering are reviewed. Proteins such as gelatin, collagen, and fibrin as well as glycosaminoglycans including hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and heparin have been employed for cancer therapeutic delivery, gene delivery, and wound healing and regenerative medicine. Strategies for modifying and functionalizing these materials with synthetic and natural polymers or to enable stimuli-responsive degradation and drug release have increased the efficacy of these materials and nano-systems. The incorporation and modification of ECM-based materials may be used to drive drug targeting and increase tissue-specific cell differentiation more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J Hogan
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marissa R Perez
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
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4
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Kolotova DS, Borovinskaya EV, Bordiyan VV, Zuev YF, Salnikov VV, Zueva OS, Derkach SR. Phase Behavior of Aqueous Mixtures of Sodium Alginate with Fish Gelatin: Effects of pH and Ionic Strength. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102253. [PMID: 37242828 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The phase behavior of aqueous mixtures of fish gelatin (FG) and sodium alginate (SA) and complex coacervation phenomena depending on pH, ionic strength, and cation type (Na+, Ca2+) were studied by turbidimetric acid titration, UV spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy for different mass ratios of sodium alginate and gelatin (Z = 0.01-1.00). The boundary pH values determining the formation and dissociation of SA-FG complexes were measured, and we found that the formation of soluble SA-FG complexes occurs in the transition from neutral (pHc) to acidic (pHφ1) conditions. Insoluble complexes formed below pHφ1 separate into distinct phases, and the phenomenon of complex coacervation is thus observed. Formation of the highest number of insoluble SA-FG complexes, based on the value of the absorption maximum, is observed at рHopt and results from strong electrostatic interactions. Then, visible aggregation occurs, and dissociation of the complexes is observed when the next boundary, pHφ2, is reached. As Z increases in the range of SA-FG mass ratios from 0.01 to 1.00, the boundary values of рНc, рHφ1, рHopt, and рHφ2 become more acidic, shifting from 7.0 to 4.6, from 6.8 to 4.3, from 6.6 to 2.8, and from 6.0 to 2.7, respectively. An increase in ionic strength leads to suppression of the electrostatic interaction between the FG and SA molecules, and no complex coacervation is observed at NaCl and CaCl2 concentrations of 50 to 200 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria S Kolotova
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Marine Bioresources, Institute of Natural Science and Technology, Murmansk State Technical University, Murmansk 183010, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Borovinskaya
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Marine Bioresources, Institute of Natural Science and Technology, Murmansk State Technical University, Murmansk 183010, Russia
| | - Vlada V Bordiyan
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Marine Bioresources, Institute of Natural Science and Technology, Murmansk State Technical University, Murmansk 183010, Russia
| | - Yuriy F Zuev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan 420111, Russia
- A. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Vadim V Salnikov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Olga S Zueva
- Institute of Electric Power Engineering and Electronics, Kazan State Power Engineering University, Kazan 420066, Russia
| | - Svetlana R Derkach
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Marine Bioresources, Institute of Natural Science and Technology, Murmansk State Technical University, Murmansk 183010, Russia
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5
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Afarid M, Mahmoodi S, Baghban R. Recent achievements in nano-based technologies for ocular disease diagnosis and treatment, review and update. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:361. [PMID: 35918688 PMCID: PMC9344723 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01567-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular drug delivery is one of the most challenging endeavors among the various available drug delivery systems. Despite having suitable drugs for the treatment of ophthalmic disease, we have not yet succeeded in achieving a proper drug delivery approach with the least adverse effects. Nanotechnology offers great opportunities to overwhelm the restrictions of common ocular delivery systems, including low therapeutic effects and adverse effects because of invasive surgery or systemic exposure. The present review is dedicated to highlighting and updating the recent achievements of nano-based technologies for ocular disease diagnosis and treatment. While further effort remains, the progress illustrated here might pave the way to new and very useful ocular nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Afarid
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shirin Mahmoodi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Roghayyeh Baghban
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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6
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Recent Trends in Drug Delivery and Emerging Biomedical Applications of Gelatin for Ophthalmic Indications. Macromol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-022-0078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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7
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Rotov AY, Romanov IS, Tarakanchikova YV, Astakhova LA. Application Prospects for Synthetic Nanoparticles in Optogenetic Retinal Prosthetics. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021060132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Yu H, Wu W, Lin X, Feng Y. Polysaccharide-Based Nanomaterials for Ocular Drug Delivery: A Perspective. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:601246. [PMID: 33363130 PMCID: PMC7758246 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.601246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular drug delivery is one of the most challenging issues in ophthalmology because of the complex physiological structure of the eye. Polysaccharide-based nanomaterials have been extensively investigated in recent years as ideal carriers for enhancing the bioavailability of drugs in the ocular system because of their biocompatibility and drug solubilization. From this perspective, we discuss the structural instability of polysaccharides and its impact on the synthesis process; examine the potential for developing bioactive polysaccharide-based ocular drug nanocarriers; propose four strategies for designing novel drug delivery nanomaterials; and suggest reviewing the behavior of nanomaterials in ocular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhe Yu
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyu Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun Feng
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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9
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Bhardwaj B, Singh P, Kumar A, Kumar S, Budhwar V. Eco-Friendly Greener Synthesis of Nanoparticles. Adv Pharm Bull 2020; 10:566-576. [PMID: 33072534 PMCID: PMC7539319 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2020.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The exploitation of naturally obtained resources like biopolymers, plant-based extracts, microorganisms etc., offers numerous advantages of environment-friendliness and biocompatibility for various medicinal and pharmaceutical applications, whereas hazardous chemicals are not utilized for production protocol. Plant extracts based synthetic procedures have drawn consideration over conventional methods like physical and chemical procedures to synthesize nanomaterials. Greener synthesis of nanomaterials has become an area of interest because of numerous advantages such as non-hazardous, economical, and feasible methods with variety of applications in biomedicine, nanotechnology and nano-optoelectronics, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahamdutt Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India
| | - Pritam Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India
| | - Vikas Budhwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India
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10
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Schmitz TC, Dede Eren A, Spierings J, de Boer J, Ito K, Foolen J. Solid-phase silica-based extraction leads to underestimation of residual DNA in decellularized tissues. Xenotransplantation 2020; 28:e12643. [PMID: 32935355 PMCID: PMC9286341 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Decellularization of animal tissues is a novel route to obtain biomaterials for use in tissue engineering and organ transplantation. Successful decellularization is required as animal DNA causes inflammatory reactions and contains endogenous retroviruses, which could be transmitted to the patient. One of the criteria for successful decellularization is digestion (fragmentation) and elimination (residual quantity) of DNA from the tissue. Quantification of DNA can be done in many ways, but it has recently been shown that silica‐based solid‐phase extraction methods often do not completely purify in particular small DNA fragments. In the context of decellularization, this means that the measured DNA amount is underestimated, which could compromise safety of the processed tissue for in‐patient use. In this article, we review DNA quantification methods used by researchers and assess their influence on the reported DNA contents after decellularization. We find that underestimation of residual DNA amount after silica‐based solid‐phase extraction may be as large as a factor of ten. We therefore recommend a direct assessment of DNA amount in tissue lysate using dsDNA‐specific binding dyes, such as Picogreen, due to their higher accuracy for small fragment detection as well as ease of use and widespread availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara C Schmitz
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aysegul Dede Eren
- BioInterface Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Janne Spierings
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,BioInterface Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jan de Boer
- BioInterface Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Keita Ito
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Foolen
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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11
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Phenylboronic acid-tethered chondroitin sulfate-based mucoadhesive nanostructured lipid carriers for the treatment of dry eye syndrome. Acta Biomater 2019; 99:350-362. [PMID: 31449929 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dry eye syndrome is a common eye disease that affects many people worldwide. It is usually treated with eye drops, which has low bioavailability owing to rapid clearance from the ocular surface and leads to poor patient compliance and side effects. For the purpose of improving the therapeutic efficacy, nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC)-loaded dexamethasone (DEX) was prepared and functionalized with (3-aminomethylphenyl)boronic acid-conjugated chondroitin sulfate (APBA-ChS). As APBA has a boronic acid group, it can form a high-affinity complex with sialic acids present in the ocular mucin, which contributes to extension of corneal retention time and improvement of drug delivery. Compared with eye drops, Rhodamine B (RhB)-labeled APBA-ChS-NLC could significantly prolong the residence time on the corneal surface. Moreover, the DEX-APBA-ChS-NLC showed no irritation to the rabbit eye as indicated in irritation studies and histological images. The pharmacodynamics study indicated that DEX-APBA-ChS-NLC could relieve symptoms of dry eye disease in rabbits. These results demonstrated that the developed mucoadhesive drug carrier could improve the delivery of drugs and have promising potential to treat anterior eye diseases. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this research, (3-aminomethylphenyl)boronic acid-conjugated chondroitin sulfate (APBA-ChS)-based nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) including dexamethasone (DEX) were designed and constructed. APBA-ChS, which is present on the surface of DEX-NLC and contains the boronic acid group, can form complex with sialic acids in the ocular mucin, hence leading to prolonged precorneal retention. This affinity between boronic acid and sialic acids was used to develop a mucoadhesive drug delivery system. The developed mucoadhesive drug carrier demonstrated prolonged retention time and alleviation of dry eye syndrome. APBA-ChS-based NLC may be considered a promising ocular drug delivery system for treating anterior eye diseases.
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12
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Lynch C, Kondiah PPD, Choonara YE, du Toit LC, Ally N, Pillay V. Advances in Biodegradable Nano-Sized Polymer-Based Ocular Drug Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1371. [PMID: 31434273 PMCID: PMC6722735 DOI: 10.3390/polym11081371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective delivery of drugs to the eye remains a challenge. The eye has a myriad of defense systems and physiological barriers that leaves ocular drug delivery systems with low bioavailability profiles. This is mainly due to poor permeability through the epithelia and rapid clearance from the eye following administration. However, recent advances in both polymeric drug delivery and biomedical nanotechnology have allowed for improvements to be made in the treatment of ocular conditions. The employment of biodegradable polymers in ocular formulations has led to improved retention time, greater bioavailability and controlled release through mucoadhesion to the epithelia in the eye, amongst other beneficial properties. Nanotechnology has been largely investigated for uses in the medical field, ranging from diagnosis of disease to treatment. The nanoscale of these developing drug delivery systems has helped to improve the penetration of drugs through the various ocular barriers, thus improving bioavailability. This review will highlight the physiological barriers encountered in the eye, current conventional treatment methods as well as how polymeric drug delivery and nanotechnology can be employed to optimize drug penetration to both the anterior and posterior segment of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Lynch
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - Pierre P D Kondiah
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - Yahya E Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - Lisa C du Toit
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - Naseer Ally
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - Viness Pillay
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
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13
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Towards the production of monodisperse gelatin nanoparticles by modified one step desolvation technique. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-019-00455-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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14
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Modified gelatin nanoparticles for gene delivery. Int J Pharm 2019; 554:224-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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15
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Protein-polysaccharide nanohybrids: Hybridization techniques and drug delivery applications. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 133:42-62. [PMID: 30300719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Complex nanosystems fabricated by hybridization of different types of materials such as lipids, proteins, or polysaccharides are usually superior to simple ones in terms of features and applications. Proteins and polysaccharides hold great potential for development of nanocarriers for drug delivery purposes based on their unique biocompatibility, biodegradability, ease of functionalization, improved biodistribution and minimal toxicity profiles. Protein-polysaccharide nanohybrids have gained a lot of attention in the past few years particularly for drug delivery applications. In this review, different hybridization techniques utilized in the fabrication of such nanohybrids including electrostatic complexation, Maillard conjugation, chemical coupling and electrospinning were thoroughly reviewed. Moreover, various formulation factors affecting the characteristics of the formed nanohybrids were discussed. We also reviewed in depth the outcomes of such hybridization ranging from stability enhancement, to toxicity reduction, improved biocompatibility, and drug release modulation. We also gave an insight on their limitations and what hinders their clinical translation and market introduction.
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16
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Polymer-based carriers for ophthalmic drug delivery. J Control Release 2018; 285:106-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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Raveendran S, Rochani AK, Maekawa T, Kumar DS. Smart Carriers and Nanohealers: A Nanomedical Insight on Natural Polymers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:E929. [PMID: 28796191 PMCID: PMC5578295 DOI: 10.3390/ma10080929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers are popularly being used in an increasing number of fields in the past few decades. The popularity and favorability of these materials are due to their remarkable properties, enabling a wide range of applications and market requirements to be met. Polymer biodegradable systems are a promising arena of research for targeted and site-specific controlled drug delivery, for developing artificial limbs, 3D porous scaffolds for cellular regeneration or tissue engineering and biosensing applications. Several natural polymers have been identified, blended, functionalized and applied for designing nanoscaffolds and drug carriers as a prerequisite for enumerable bionano technological applications. Apart from these, natural polymers have been well studied and are widely used in material science and industrial fields. The present review explains the prominent features of commonly used natural polymers (polysaccharides and proteins) in various nanomedical applications and reveals the current status of the polymer research in bionanotechnology and science sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreejith Raveendran
- Bio Nano Electronics Research Centre, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Saitama 350-8585, Japan.
| | - Ankit K Rochani
- Bio Nano Electronics Research Centre, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Saitama 350-8585, Japan.
| | - Toru Maekawa
- Bio Nano Electronics Research Centre, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Saitama 350-8585, Japan.
| | - D Sakthi Kumar
- Bio Nano Electronics Research Centre, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Saitama 350-8585, Japan.
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Oliveira AV, Rosa da Costa AM, Silva GA. Non-viral strategies for ocular gene delivery. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 77:1275-1289. [PMID: 28532005 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The success of gene therapy relies on efficient gene transfer and stable transgene expression. The in vivo efficiency is determined by the delivery vector, route of administration, therapeutic gene, and target cells. While some requirements are common to several strategies, others depend on the target disease and transgene product. Consequently, it is unlikely that a single system is suitable for all applications. This review examines current gene therapy strategies, focusing on non-viral approaches and the use of natural polymers with the eye, and particularly the retina, as their gene delivery target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana V Oliveira
- Center for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Ana M Rosa da Costa
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal; Algarve Chemistry Research Centre (CIQA), University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Gabriela A Silva
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Faber K, Zorzi GK, Brazil NT, Rott MB, Teixeira HF. siRNA-loaded liposomes: Inhibition of encystment of Acanthamoeba
and toxicity on the eye surface. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 90:406-416. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Faber
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences; School of Pharmacy; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Giovanni K. Zorzi
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences; School of Pharmacy; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Nathalya T. Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences; School of Pharmacy; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Marilise B. Rott
- Graduate Program of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology; Institute of Basic Health Sciences; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Helder F. Teixeira
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences; School of Pharmacy; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
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Sarika P, James NR. Polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles from cationised gelatin and sodium alginate for curcumin delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 148:354-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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You S, Luo J, Grossniklaus HE, Gou ML, Meng K, Zhang Q. Nanomedicine in the application of uveal melanoma. Int J Ophthalmol 2016; 9:1215-25. [PMID: 27588278 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.08.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid advances in nanomedicine have significantly changed many aspects of nanoparticle application to the eye including areas of diagnosis, imaging and more importantly drug delivery. The nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems has provided a solution to various drug solubility-related problems in ophthalmology treatment. Nanostructured compounds could be used to achieve local ocular delivery with minimal unwanted systematic side effects produced by taking advantage of the phagocyte system. In addition, the in vivo control release by nanomaterials encapsulated drugs provides prolong exposure of the compound in the body. Furthermore, certain nanoparticles can overcome important body barriers including the blood-retinal barrier as well as the corneal-retinal barrier of the eye for effective delivery of the drug. In summary, the nanotechnology based drug delivery system may serve as an important tool for uveal melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo You
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China; Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hans E Grossniklaus
- Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Ma-Ling Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ke Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Abdullah TA, Ibrahim NJ, Warsi MH. Chondroitin sulfate-chitosan nanoparticles for ocular delivery of bromfenac sodium: Improved permeation, retention, and penetration. Int J Pharm Investig 2016; 6:96-105. [PMID: 27051629 PMCID: PMC4797493 DOI: 10.4103/2230-973x.177823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Superiority of topical instillation of drug into the cul-de-sac for the treatment of various ophthalmic complications can be validated with commercial availability of a large number of conventional formulations even though this mode of instillation still elicits limitations owing to poor ocular bioavailability. To overcome the drawbacks of conventional formulations, a large number of novel carriers have been investigated. In this perspective, a new novel nanocarrier, chondroitin sulfate (ChS)-chitosan (CS)-nanoparticles (NPs) are being evaluated for improved delivery of bromfenac sodium. Materials and Methods: Formulation was developed and optimized for CS, chondroitin, and initial drug concentration. Optimized formulation was evaluated for various in vitro aspects i.e., particles’ size, size distribution, zeta potential, shape and morphology, in vitro release profile, corneal permeation, corneal retention, corneal uptake, and ocular tolerance test. Results: The mean particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency of optimized formulation were found to be 245.6 ± 14.22 nm, 0.187 ± 0.016, +37.59 ± 4.05 mV, and 71.72 ± 4.43%, respectively. Transmission electron microscopic analysis revealed a spherical shape of developed formulation. Further, formulation exhibited biphasic release profile and Korsmeyer–Peppas model was found to be the best fit model. Significantly high transcorneal permeation (1.62-fold) and corneal retention (1.92-fold) of bromfenac was observed through ChS-CS-NPs when compared with marketed eyedrops (P < 0.01). Furthermore, high corneal uptake of CHS-CS-NPs was confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Safety profile of the developed formulation was established by hen's egg test-chorioallantoic membrane test. Conclusion: Encouraging outcomes of in vitro and ex vivo studies indicated that CHS-CS-NPs could be a potential substitute for improved ocular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Musarrat Husain Warsi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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23
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Sharma PP, Sharma A, Solanki PR. Recent Trends of Gelatin Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications. ADVANCES IN NANOMATERIALS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-81-322-2668-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Foldvari M, Chen DW, Nafissi N, Calderon D, Narsineni L, Rafiee A. Non-viral gene therapy: Gains and challenges of non-invasive administration methods. J Control Release 2015; 240:165-190. [PMID: 26686079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is becoming an influential part of the rapidly increasing armamentarium of biopharmaceuticals for improving health and combating diseases. Currently, three gene therapy treatments are approved by regulatory agencies. While these treatments utilize viral vectors, non-viral alternative technologies are also being developed to improve the safety profile and manufacturability of gene carrier formulations. We present an overview of gene-based therapies focusing on non-viral gene delivery systems and the genetic therapeutic tools that will further revolutionize medical treatment with primary focus on the range and development of non-invasive delivery systems for dermal, transdermal, ocular and pulmonary administrations and perspectives on other administration methods such as intranasal, oral, buccal, vaginal, rectal and otic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Foldvari
- School of Pharmacy, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Ding Wen Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Nafiseh Nafissi
- School of Pharmacy, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Daniella Calderon
- School of Pharmacy, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Lokesh Narsineni
- School of Pharmacy, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Amirreza Rafiee
- School of Pharmacy, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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25
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Zulliger R, Conley SM, Naash MI. Non-viral therapeutic approaches to ocular diseases: An overview and future directions. J Control Release 2015; 219:471-487. [PMID: 26439665 PMCID: PMC4699668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Currently there are no viable treatment options for patients with debilitating inherited retinal degeneration. The vast variability in disease-inducing mutations and resulting phenotypes has hampered the development of therapeutic interventions. Gene therapy is a logical approach, and recent work has focused on ways to optimize vector design and packaging to promote optimized expression and phenotypic rescue after intraocular delivery. In this review, we discuss ongoing ocular clinical trials, which currently use viral gene delivery, but focus primarily on new advancements in optimizing the efficacy of non-viral gene delivery for ocular diseases. Non-viral delivery systems are highly customizable, allowing functionalization to improve cellular and nuclear uptake, bypassing cellular degradative machinery, and improving gene expression in the nucleus. Non-viral vectors often yield transgene expression levels lower than viral counterparts, however their favorable safety/immune profiles and large DNA capacity (critical for the delivery of large ocular disease genes) make their further development a research priority. Recent work on particle coating and vector engineering presents exciting ways to overcome limitations of transient/low gene expression levels, but also highlights the fact that further refinements are needed before use in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel Zulliger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5060, United States
| | - Shannon M Conley
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Muna I Naash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5060, United States.
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26
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Recent advancement of gelatin nanoparticles in drug and vaccine delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 81:317-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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27
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Zorzi GK, Párraga JE, Seijo B, Sanchez A. Comparison of different cationized proteins as biomaterials for nanoparticle-based ocular gene delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 135:533-541. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
Polymeric nanomaterials have extensively been applied for the preparation of targeted and controlled release drug/gene delivery systems. However, problems involved in the formulation of synthetic polymers such as using of the toxic solvents and surfactants have limited their desirable applications. In this regard, natural biomolecules including proteins and polysaccharide are suitable alternatives due to their safety. According to literature, protein-based nanoparticles possess many advantages for drug and gene delivery such as biocompatibility, biodegradability and ability to functionalize with targeting ligands. This review provides a general sight on the application of biodegradable protein-based nanoparticles in drug/gene delivery based on their origins. Their unique physicochemical properties that help them to be formulated as pharmaceutical carriers are also discussed.
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29
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Zorzi GK, Carvalho ELS, von Poser GL, Teixeira HF. On the use of nanotechnology-based strategies for association of complex matrices from plant extracts. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Reimondez-Troitiño S, Csaba N, Alonso MJ, de la Fuente M. Nanotherapies for the treatment of ocular diseases. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 95:279-93. [PMID: 25725262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The topical route is the most frequent and preferred way to deliver drugs to the eye. Unfortunately, the very low ocular drug bioavailability (less than 5%) associated with this modality of administration, makes the efficient treatment of several ocular diseases a significant challenge. In the last decades, it has been shown that specific nanocarriers can interact with the ocular mucosa, thereby increasing the retention time of the associated drug onto the eye, as well as its permeability across the corneal and conjunctival epithelium. In this review, we comparatively analyze the mechanism of action and specific potential of the most studied nano-drug delivery carriers. In addition, we present the success achieved until now using a number of nanotherapies for the treatment of the most prevalent ocular pathologies, such as infections, inflammation, dry eye, glaucoma, and retinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Reimondez-Troitiño
- Nano-oncologicals Lab, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Dept. of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Univ. of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - N Csaba
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Dept. of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Univ. of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M J Alonso
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Dept. of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Univ. of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M de la Fuente
- Nano-oncologicals Lab, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Rodrigues S, Cordeiro C, Seijo B, Remuñán-López C, Grenha A. Hybrid nanosystems based on natural polymers as protein carriers for respiratory delivery: Stability and toxicological evaluation. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 123:369-80. [PMID: 25843870 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan/carrageenan/tripolyphosphate nanoparticles were previously presented as holding potential for an application in transmucosal delivery of macromolecules, with tripolyphosphate demonstrating to contribute for both size reduction and stabilisation of the nanoparticles. This work was aimed at evaluating the capacity of the nanoparticles as protein carriers for pulmonary and nasal transmucosal delivery, further assessing their biocompatibility pattern regarding that application. Nanoparticles demonstrated stability in presence of lysozyme, while freeze-drying was shown to preserve their characteristics when glucose or sucrose were used as cryoprotectants. Bovine serum albumin was associated to the nanoparticles, which were successfully microencapsulated by spray-drying to meet the aerodynamic requirements inherent to pulmonary delivery. Finally, a satisfactory biocompatibility profile was demonstrated upon exposure of two respiratory cell lines (Calu-3 and A549 cells) to the carriers. A negligible effect on cell viability along with no alterations on transepithelial electrical resistance and no induction of inflammatory response were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rodrigues
- CBME - Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine/IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Algarve, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - Clara Cordeiro
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; CEAUL - Center of Statistics and Applications, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; CESUAlg - Centre for Research and Development in Health, University of Algarve, Portugal.
| | - Begoña Seijo
- NanoBioFar Group, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Carmen Remuñán-López
- NanoBioFar Group, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Ana Grenha
- CBME - Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine/IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Algarve, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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Nanoparticle-based technologies for retinal gene therapy. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 95:353-67. [PMID: 25592325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
For patients with hereditary retinal diseases, retinal gene therapy offers significant promise for the prevention of retinal degeneration. While adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based systems remain the most popular gene delivery method due to their high efficiency and successful clinical results, other delivery systems, such as non-viral nanoparticles (NPs) are being developed as additional therapeutic options. NP technologies come in several categories (e.g., polymer, liposomes, peptide compacted DNA), several of which have been tested in mouse models of retinal disease. Here, we discuss the key biochemical features of the different NPs that influence how they are internalized into cells, escape from endosomes, and are delivered into the nucleus. We review the primary mechanism of NP uptake by retinal cells and highlight various NPs that have been successfully used for in vivo gene delivery to the retina and RPE. Finally, we consider the various strategies that can be implemented in the plasmid DNA to generate persistent, high levels of gene expression.
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Abstract
Despite all scientists efforts exerted over the past years, the ocular delivery of drugs remains a great challenge due to several barriers and hurdles faced by this kind of administration. The exploitation of gelatin that has a long history of safe use in pharmaceuticals and which is considered as a GRAS (Generally Regarded As Safe) material by the FDA was not fully achieved in this field. This review summarizes the recent studies and findings where gelatin-based micro- and nanoparticles were used for successful ocular delivery aiming at drawing the attention of researchers and scientists to this valuable biomaterial that has not been fully explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania M Hathout
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mohamed K Omran
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
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35
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Sarkar K, Krishna Meka SR, Madras G, Chatterjee K. A self-assembling polycationic nanocarrier that exhibits exceptional gene transfection efficiency. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14829d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel polycationic gene carrier was prepared by conjugation of low molecular weight polyethyleneimine with gelatin through 4-bromonaphthaleic anhydride with exceptionally high transfection efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | | | - Giridhar Madras
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
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Jain A, Muntimadugu E, Domb AJ, Khan W. Cationic Polysaccharides in Gene Delivery. CATIONIC POLYMERS IN REGENERATIVE MEDICINE 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782620105-00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Approval of Glybera®, a gene therapy to treat lipoprotein lipase deficiency, by the European Union Marketing Authorization, and more than 1800 clinical trials in over 31 countries for the treatment of many incurable diseases, narrates the successful journey of gene therapy in the biomedical field. However, the undesired side effects of gene therapy using viral and other vectors have overshadowed the success story of gene therapy. Non-viral vectors, and more particularly cationic polysaccharides due to their non-toxicity, water solubility, biodegradability and excellent compatibility with body systems, provide an excellent alternative for gene delivery. This chapter highlights significant contributions made by cationic polysaccharides in gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Hyderabad India 500037
| | - Eameema Muntimadugu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Hyderabad India 500037
| | - Abraham J. Domb
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel 91120
| | - Wahid Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Hyderabad India 500037
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel 91120
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37
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Parraga JE, Zorzi GK, Diebold Y, Seijo B, Sanchez A. Nanoparticles based on naturally-occurring biopolymers as versatile delivery platforms for delicate bioactive molecules: an application for ocular gene silencing. Int J Pharm 2014; 477:12-20. [PMID: 25275936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles based on naturally-occurring biopolymers, most of them endogenous macromolecules, were designed as a versatile generation of delivery platforms for delicate bioactive molecules. The design of these nanosystems was specifically based on our recent finding about the ability of endogenous polyamine spermine (SPM) to interact with anionic biopolymers (ABs) generating ionically cross-linked nanosystems. The initial first generation of these delivery platforms, based on glycosaminoglycans and other polysaccharides, showed a very high association capacity for some delicate bioactive proteins such as growth factors, but a limited capacity to associate negatively charged molecules, such as pDNA and siRNA. However, the versatility of these nanosystems in terms of composition allowed us to customise the association of active ingredients and their physicochemical characteristics. Concretely, we prepared and incorporated gelatine cationized with spermine (CGsp) to their composition. The resulting modified formulations were characterised by a nanometric size (150-340 nm) and offer the possibility to modulate their zeta potential (from -35 to 28 mV), providing an efficient association of nucleic acids. The biological evaluation of these optimised nanosystems revealed that they are able to be internalised in vivo into corneal and conjunctival tissues and also to provide a significant siRNA gene silencing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny E Parraga
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus Sur, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Giovanni K Zorzi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus Sur, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Yolanda Diebold
- Institute for Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Belén 17, Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Begoña Seijo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus Sur, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; Molecular Image Group, Health Research Institute, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), A Choupana, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Alejandro Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus Sur, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; Molecular Image Group, Health Research Institute, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), A Choupana, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
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Pensado A, Seijo B, Sanchez A. Current strategies for DNA therapy based on lipid nanocarriers. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:1721-31. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.935337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pensado
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy,
Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Begoña Seijo
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy,
Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Health Research Institute-University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Molecular Image Group,
A Choupana, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alejandro Sanchez
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy,
Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Health Research Institute-University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Molecular Image Group,
A Choupana, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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40
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Rose JB, Pacelli S, Haj AJE, Dua HS, Hopkinson A, White LJ, Rose FRAJ. Gelatin-Based Materials in Ocular Tissue Engineering. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 7:3106-3135. [PMID: 28788609 PMCID: PMC5453355 DOI: 10.3390/ma7043106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gelatin has been used for many years in pharmaceutical formulation, cell culture and tissue engineering on account of its excellent biocompatibility, ease of processing and availability at low cost. Over the last decade gelatin has been extensively evaluated for numerous ocular applications serving as cell-sheet carriers, bio-adhesives and bio-artificial grafts. These different applications naturally have diverse physical, chemical and biological requirements and this has prompted research into the modification of gelatin and its derivatives. The crosslinking of gelatin alone or in combination with natural or synthetic biopolymers has produced a variety of scaffolds that could be suitable for ocular applications. This review focuses on methods to crosslink gelatin-based materials and how the resulting materials have been applied in ocular tissue engineering. Critical discussion of recent innovations in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine will highlight future opportunities for gelatin-based materials in ophthalmology.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Rose
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Settimio Pacelli
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alicia J El Haj
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, UK.
| | - Harminder S Dua
- Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Andrew Hopkinson
- Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Lisa J White
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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41
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Gelatin carriers for drug and cell delivery in tissue engineering. J Control Release 2014; 190:210-8. [PMID: 24746627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The ability of gelatin to form complexes with different drugs has been investigated for controlled release applications. Gelatin parameters, such as crosslinking density and isoelectric point, have been tuned in order to optimize gelatin degradation and drug delivery kinetics. In recent years, focus has shifted away from the use of gelatin in isolation toward the modification of gelatin with functional groups and the fabrication of material composites with embedded gelatin carriers. In this review, we highlight some of the latest work being performed in these areas and comment on trends in the field. Specifically, we discuss gelatin modifications for immune system evasion, drug stabilization, and targeted delivery, as well as gelatin composite systems based on ceramics, naturally-occurring polymers, and synthetic polymers.
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42
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Cationic Polymers for the Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleotides. POLYSACCHARIDES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03751-6_44-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Elzoghby AO. Gelatin-based nanoparticles as drug and gene delivery systems: reviewing three decades of research. J Control Release 2013; 172:1075-91. [PMID: 24096021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gelatin is one of the most versatile natural biopolymers widely used in pharmaceutical industries due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, low cost and numerous available active groups for attaching targeting molecules. These advantages led to its application in the synthesis of nanoparticles for drug and gene delivery during the last thirty years. The current article entails a general review of the different preparation techniques of gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs): desolvation, coacervation-phase separation, emulsification-solvent evaporation, reverse phase microemulsion, nanoprecipitation, self-assembly and layer-by-layer coating, from the point of view of the methodological and mechanistic aspects involved. Various crosslinkers used to improve the physicochemical properties of GNPs includintg aldehydes, genipin, carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide, and transglutaminase are reported. An analysis is given of the physicochemical behavior of GNPs including drug loading, release, particle size, zeta-potential, cytotoxicity, cellular uptake and stability. This review also attempts to provide an overview of the major applications of GNPs in drug delivery and gene therapy and their in vivo pharmacological performances, as well as site-specific drug targeting using various ligands modifying the surface of GNPs. Finally, nanocomplexes of gelatin with polymers, lipids or inorganic materials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O Elzoghby
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.
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44
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Synthesis and preliminary cellular evaluation of phosphonium chitosan derivatives as novel non-viral vector. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 97:676-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Raemdonck K, Martens TF, Braeckmans K, Demeester J, De Smedt SC. Polysaccharide-based nucleic acid nanoformulations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1123-47. [PMID: 23680381 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic application of nucleic acids requires their encapsulation in nanosized carriers that enable safe and efficient intracellular delivery. Before the desired site of action is reached, drug-loaded nanoparticles (nanomedicines) encounter numerous extra- and intracellular barriers. Judicious nanocarrier design is highly needed to stimulate nucleic acid delivery across these barriers and maximize the therapeutic benefit. Natural polysaccharides are widely used for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications due to their inherent biocompatibility. At present, there is a growing interest in applying these biopolymers for the development of nanomedicines. This review highlights various polysaccharides and their derivatives, currently employed in the design of nucleic acid nanocarriers. In particular, recent progress made in polysaccharide-assisted nucleic acid delivery is summarized and the specific benefits that polysaccharides might offer to improve the delivery process are critically discussed.
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Zhou HY, Hao JL, Wang S, Zheng Y, Zhang WS. Nanoparticles in the ocular drug delivery. Int J Ophthalmol 2013; 6:390-6. [PMID: 23826539 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2013.03.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular drug transport barriers pose a challenge for drug delivery comprising the ocular surface epithelium, the tear film and internal barriers of the blood-aqueous and blood-retina barriers. Ocular drug delivery efficiency depends on the barriers and the clearance from the choroidal, conjunctival vessels and lymphatic. Traditional drug administration reduces the clinical efficacy especially for poor water soluble molecules and for the posterior segment of the eye. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been designed to overcome the barriers, increase the drug penetration at the target site and prolong the drug levels by few internals of drug administrations in lower doses without any toxicity compared to the conventional eye drops. With the aid of high specificity and multifunctionality, DNA NPs can be resulted in higher transfection efficiency for gene therapy. NPs could target at cornea, retina and choroid by surficial applications and intravitreal injection. This review is concerned with recent findings and applications of NPs drug delivery systems for the treatment of different eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
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47
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Cell line dependent uptake and transfection efficiencies of PEI–anionic glycopolymer systems. Biomaterials 2013; 34:4368-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Pullulan-based nanoparticles as carriers for transmucosal protein delivery. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 50:102-13. [PMID: 23624352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticles have revealed very effective in transmucosal delivery of proteins. Polysaccharides are among the most used materials for the production of these carriers, owing to their structural flexibility and propensity to evidence biocompatibility and biodegradability. In parallel, there is a preference for the use of mild methods for their production, in order to prevent protein degradation, ensure lower costs and easier procedures that enable scaling up. In this work we propose the production of pullulan-based nanoparticles by a mild method of polyelectrolyte complexation. As pullulan is a neutral polysaccharide, sulfated and aminated derivatives of the polymer were synthesized to provide pullulan with a charge. These derivatives were then complexed with chitosan and carrageenan, respectively, to produce the nanocarriers. Positively charged nanoparticles of 180-270 nm were obtained, evidencing ability to associate bovine serum albumin, which was selected as model protein. In PBS pH 7.4, pullulan-based nanoparticles were found to have a burst release of 30% of the protein, which maintained up to 24h. Nanoparticle size and zeta potential were preserved upon freeze-drying in the presence of appropriate cryoprotectants. A factorial design was approached to assess the cytotoxicity of raw materials and nanoparticles by the metabolic test MTT. Nanoparticles demonstrated to not cause overt toxicity in a respiratory cell model (Calu-3). Pullulan has, thus, demonstrated to hold potential for the production of nanoparticles with an application in protein delivery.
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Narayanan D, Gopikrishna J, Nair SV, Menon D. Proteins and Carbohydrates as Polymeric Nanodrug Delivery Systems: Formulation, Properties, and Toxicological Evaluation. MULTIFACETED DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF BIOPOLYMERS FOR BIOLOGY, BIOMEDICINE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2012_199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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A nanomedicine to treat ocular surface inflammation: performance on an experimental dry eye murine model. Gene Ther 2012; 20:467-77. [PMID: 22809996 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2012.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
MUC5AC is a glycoprotein with gel-forming properties, whose altered expression has been implicated in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease. The aim of our study was to achieve an efficient in vivo transfection of MUC5AC, restore its normal levels in an inflamed ocular surface and determine whether restored MUC5AC levels improve ocular surface inflammation. Cationized gelatin-based nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with a plasmid coding a modified MUC5AC protein (pMUC5AC) were instilled in healthy and experimental dry eye (EDE) mice. MUC5AC expression, clinical signs, corneal fluorescein staining and tear production were evaluated. Ocular specimens were processed for histopathologic evaluation, including goblet cell count and CD4 immunostaining. Neither ocular discomfort nor irritation was observed in vivo after NP treatment. Expression of modified MUC5AC was significantly higher in ocular surface tissue of pMUC5AC-NP-treated animals than that of controls. In healthy mice, pMUC5AC-NPs had no effect on fluorescein staining or tear production. In EDE mice, both parameters significantly improved after pMUC5AC-NP treatment. Anterior eye segment of treated mice showed normal architecture and morphology with lack of remarkable inflammatory changes, and a decrease in CD4+ T-cell infiltration. Thus, pMUC5AC-NPs were well tolerated and able to induce the expression of modified MUC5A in ocular surface tissue, leading to reduction of the inflammation and, consequently improving the associated clinical parameters, such as tear production and fluorescein staining. These results identify a potential application of pMUC5AC-NPs as a new therapeutic modality for the treatment of dry eye disease.
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