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Hou Y, Kong F, Tang Z, Zhang R, Li D, Ge J, Yu Z, Wahab A, Zhang Y, Iqbal MZ, Kong X. Nitroxide radical conjugated ovalbumin theranostic nanosystem for enhanced dendritic cell-based immunotherapy and T 1 magnetic resonance imaging. J Control Release 2024; 373:547-563. [PMID: 39059501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma, known for its aggressive metastatic nature, presents a formidable challenge in cancer treatment, where conventional therapies often fall short. This study introduces a pioneering approach utilizing metal-free nanosystem as tumor vaccines, spotlighting their potential in revolutionizing melanoma treatment. This work employed organic nitroxides, specifically 4-carboxy-TEMPO, in combination with chitosan (CS), to create a novel nanocomposite material - the CS-TEMPO-OVA nanovaccines. This composition not only improves biocompatibility and extends blood circulation time of TEMPO but also marks a significant departure from traditional gadolinium-based contrast agents in MRI technology, addressing safety concerns. CS-TEMPO-OVA nanovaccines demonstrate excellent biocompatibility at both the cellular and organoid level. They effectively stimulate bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), which in turn promote the maturation and activation of T cells. This ultimately leads to a strong production of essential cytokines. These nanovaccines serve a dual purpose as both therapeutic and preventive. By inducing an immune response, activating cytotoxic T cells, and promoting macrophage M1 polarization, they effectively inhibit melanoma growth and enhance survival in mouse models. When combined with αPD-1, the CS-TEMPO-OVA nanovaccines significantly bolster the infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) within tumors, sparking a powerful systemic antitumor response that effectively curbs tumor metastasis. The ability of these nanovaccines to control both primary (subcutaneous) and metastatic B16-OVA tumors highlights their remarkable efficacy. Furthermore, the CS-TEMPO-OVA nanovaccine can be administered in vivo via both intravenous and intramuscular routes, both of which effectively enhance the T1 contrast of magnetic resonance imaging in tumor tissue. This study offers invaluable insights into the integrated application of these nanovaccines in both clinical diagnostics and treatment, marking a significant stride in cancer research and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yike Hou
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China; Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Fei Kong
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China; Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Zhe Tang
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China; Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China; South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China; Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Dan Li
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China; Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Jian Ge
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, 258 XueYuan Street, XiaSha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhangsen Yu
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Medical Science Research Center, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province 312000, PR China
| | - Abdul Wahab
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China; Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Yunyang Zhang
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China; Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - M Zubair Iqbal
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China; Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China.
| | - Xiangdong Kong
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China; Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China.
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2
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Zhao C, Chen Q, Garcia-Hernandez JD, Watanabe LK, Rawson JM, Rao J, Manners I. Uniform and Length-Tunable, Paramagnetic Self-Assembled Nitroxide-Based Nanofibers for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Qi Chen
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | | | - Lara K. Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Jeremy M. Rawson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
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Zhang S, Lloveras V, Lope-Piedrafita S, Calero-Pérez P, Wu S, Candiota AP, Vidal-Gancedo J. Metal-Free Radical Dendrimers as MRI Contrast Agents for Glioblastoma Diagnosis: Ex Vivo and In Vivo Approaches. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2767-2777. [PMID: 35749573 PMCID: PMC9277593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Simultaneously being
a nonradiative and noninvasive technique makes
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) one of the highly required imaging
approaches for the early diagnosis and follow-up of tumors, specifically
for brain cancer. Paramagnetic gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents
(CAs) are the most widely used ones in brain MRI acquisitions with
special interest when assessing blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity,
a characteristic of high-grade tumors. However, alternatives to Gd-based
contrast agents (CAs) are highly required to overcome their established
toxicity. Organic radicals anchored on a dendrimer macromolecule surface
(radical dendrimers) are promising alternatives since they also exhibit
paramagnetic properties and can act as T1 CAs like Gd-based CAs while being organic species (mitigating concerns
about toxic metal accumulation). Here, we studied the third generation
of a water-soluble family of poly(phosphorhydrazone) radical dendrimers,
with 48 PROXYL radical units anchored on their branches, exploring
their potential of ex vivo and in vivo contrast enhancement in brain tumors (in particular, of immunocompetent,
orthotopic GL261 murine glioblastoma (GB)). Remarkably, this radical
species provides suitable contrast enhancement on murine GL261 GB
tumors, which was comparable to that of commercial Gd-based CAs (at
standard dose 0.1 mmol/kg), even at its 4 times lower administered
dose (0.025 mmol/kg). Importantly, no signs of toxicity were detected in vivo. In addition, it showed a selective accumulation
in brain tumor tissues, exhibiting longer retention within the tumor,
which allows performing imaging acquisition over longer time frames
(≥2.5 h) as opposed to Gd chelates. Finally, we observed high
stability of the radicals in biological media, on the order of hours
instead of minutes, characteristic of the isolated radicals. All of
these features allow us to suggest that the G3-Tyr-PROXYL-ONa radical
dendrimer could be a viable alternative to metal-based MRI contrast
agents, particularly on MRI analysis of GB, representing, to the best
of our knowledge, the first case of organic radical species used for
this purpose and one of the very few examples of these types of radical
species working as MRI CAs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbai Zhang
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC; Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Vega Lloveras
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC; Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Campus UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Silvia Lope-Piedrafita
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Campus UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain.,Servei de Ressonància Magnètica Nuclear, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Pilar Calero-Pérez
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Campus UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Biociències, Edifici Cs, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Shuang Wu
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Biociències, Edifici Cs, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ana Paula Candiota
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Campus UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Biociències, Edifici Cs, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - José Vidal-Gancedo
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC; Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Campus UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain
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4
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Akakuru OU, Xu C, Liu C, Li Z, Xing J, Pan C, Li Y, Nosike EI, Zhang Z, Iqbal ZM, Zheng J, Wu A. Metal-Free Organo-Theranostic Nanosystem with High Nitroxide Stability and Loading for Image-Guided Targeted Tumor Therapy. ACS NANO 2021; 15:3079-3097. [PMID: 33464053 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The desire for all-organic-composed nanoparticles (NPs) of considerable biocompatibility to simultaneously diagnose and treat cancer is undeniably interminable. Heretofore, metal-based agents dominate the landscape of available magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents and photothermal therapeutic agents, but with associated metal-specific downsides. Here, an all-organic metal-free nanoprobe, whose appreciable biocompatibility is synergistically contributed by its tetra-organo-components, is developed as a viable alternative to metal-based probes for MRI-guided tumor-targeted photothermal therapy (PTT). This rationally entails a glycol chitosan (GC)-linked polypyrrole (PP) nanoscaffold that provides abundant primary and secondary amino groups for amidation with the carboxyl groups in a nitroxide radical (TEMPO) and folic acid (FA), to obtain GC-PP@TEMPO-FA NPs. Advantageously, the appreciably benign GC-PP@TEMPO-FA features high nitroxide loading (r1 = 1.58 mM-1 s-1) and in vivo nitroxide-reduction resistance, prolonged nitroxide-systemic circulation times, appreciable water dispersibility, potential photodynamic therapeutic and electron paramagnetic resonance imaging capabilities, considerable biocompatibility, and ultimately achieves a 17 h commensurate MRI contrast enhancement. Moreover, its GC component conveys a plethora of PP to tumor sites, where FA-mediated tumor targeting enables substantial NP accumulation with consequential near-complete tumor regression within 16 days in an MRI-guided PTT. The present work therefore promotes the engineering of organic-based metal-free biocompatible NPs in synergism, in furtherance of tumor-targeted image-guided therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozioma U Akakuru
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, 1219 ZhongGuan West Road, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, 1219 ZhongGuan West Road, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zihou Li
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, 1219 ZhongGuan West Road, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jie Xing
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, 1219 ZhongGuan West Road, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunshu Pan
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, 1219 ZhongGuan West Road, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yanying Li
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, 1219 ZhongGuan West Road, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Elvis I Nosike
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, 1219 ZhongGuan West Road, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhoujing Zhang
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, 1219 ZhongGuan West Road, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Zubair M Iqbal
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, 1219 ZhongGuan West Road, Ningbo 315201, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, No. 2 Road of Xiasha, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jianjun Zheng
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, 1219 ZhongGuan West Road, Ningbo 315201, China
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5
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Badetti E, Lloveras V, Amadio E, Di Lorenzo R, Olivares-Marín M, Tesio AY, Zhang S, Pan F, Rissanen K, Veciana J, Tonti D, Vidal-Gancedo J, Zonta C, Licini G. Organic Polyradicals as Redox Mediators: Effect of Intramolecular Radical Interactions on Their Efficiency. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:45968-45975. [PMID: 32930562 PMCID: PMC8011802 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The spin-spin interactions between unpaired electrons in organic (poly)radicals, especially nitroxides, are largely investigated and are of crucial importance for their applications in areas such as organic magnetism, molecular charge transfer, or multiple spin labeling in structural biology. Recently, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxyl and polymers functionalized with nitroxides have been described as successful redox mediators in several electrochemical applications; however, the study of spin-spin interaction effect in such an area is absent. This communication reports the preparation of a novel family of discrete polynitroxide molecules, with the same number of radical units but different arrangements to study the effect of intramolecular spin-spin interactions on their electrochemical potential and their use as oxidation redox mediators in a Li-oxygen battery. We find that the intensity of interactions, as measured by the d1/d electron paramagnetic resonance parameter, progressively lowers the reduction potential. This allows us to tune the charging potential of the battery, optimizing its energy efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Badetti
- Department of Chemical Sciences and CIRCC Padova Unit, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Vega Lloveras
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus Universitari de Bellaterra, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emanuele Amadio
- Department of Chemical Sciences and CIRCC Padova Unit, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Rosalia Di Lorenzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences and CIRCC Padova Unit, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Mara Olivares-Marín
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus Universitari de Bellaterra, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Department of Mechanical, Energy and Materials Engineering, University Centre of Mérida, University of Extremadura, Avda. Santa Teresa de Jornet, 38, 06800 Mérida, Spain
| | - Alvaro Y Tesio
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus Universitari de Bellaterra, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energía de Jujuy (CIDMEJu), Centro de Desarrollo Tecnológico General Manuel Savio, Av. Martijena S/N, Palpalá Y 4612, Jujuy, Argentina
| | - Songbai Zhang
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus Universitari de Bellaterra, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Fangfang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P. O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P. O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus Universitari de Bellaterra, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dino Tonti
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus Universitari de Bellaterra, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jose Vidal-Gancedo
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus Universitari de Bellaterra, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristiano Zonta
- Department of Chemical Sciences and CIRCC Padova Unit, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Licini
- Department of Chemical Sciences and CIRCC Padova Unit, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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7
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Nguyen HVT, Detappe A, Harvey P, Gallagher N, Mathieu C, Agius MP, Zavidij O, Wang W, Jiang Y, Rajca A, Jasanoff A, Ghobrial IM, Ghoroghchian PP, Johnson JA. Pro-organic radical contrast agents ("pro-ORCAs") for real-time MRI of pro-drug activation in biological systems. Polym Chem 2020; 11:4768-4779. [PMID: 33790990 PMCID: PMC8009311 DOI: 10.1039/d0py00558d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitroxide-based organic-radical contrast agents (ORCAs) are promising as safe, next-generation magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tools. Nevertheless, stimuli-responsive ORCAs that enable MRI monitoring of prodrug activation have not been reported; such systems could open new avenues for prodrug validation and image-guided drug delivery. Here, we introduce a novel "pro-ORCA" concept that addresses this challenge. By covalent conjugation of nitroxides and drug molecules (doxorubicin, DOX) to the same brush-arm star polymer (BASP) through chemically identical cleavable linkers, we demonstrate that pro-ORCA and prodrug activation, i.e., ORCA and DOX release, leads to significant changes in MRI contrast that correlate with cytotoxicity. This approach is shown to be general for a range of commonly used linker cleavage mechanisms (e.g., photolysis and hydrolysis) and release rates. Pro-ORCAs could find applications as research tools or clinically viable "reporter theranostics" for in vitro and in vivo MRI-correlated prodrug activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung V.-T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Alexandre Detappe
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Centre Paul Strauss, 3 Rue de la Porte de l’Hopital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- These authors contributed equally
| | | | - Nolan Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
| | - Clelia Mathieu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Michael P. Agius
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Oksana Zavidij
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Wencong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
| | - Yivan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
| | - Andrzej Rajca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Alan Jasanoff
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, MIT
| | - Irene M. Ghobrial
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - P. Peter Ghoroghchian
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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8
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Melone L, Bach A, Lamura G, Canepa F, Nivajärvi R, Olsson V, Kettunen M. Cyclodextrin‐Based Organic Radical Contrast Agents for in vivo Imaging of Gliomas. Chempluschem 2020; 85:1171-1178. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Melone
- Department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”Politecnico di Milano Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
- UniversitàTelematica e-Campus Via Isimbardi 10 22060 Novedrate, Como Italy
| | - Alice Bach
- Polytech Sorbonne 4 place Jussieu 75252 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | | | - Fabio Canepa
- CNR-SPIN Corso Perrone 24 16152 Genoa Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial ChemistryUniversità di Genova Via Dodecaneso, 31 16146 Genova Italy
| | - Riikka Nivajärvi
- Kuopio Biomedical Imaging Unit A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Eastern Finland Neulaniementie 2 70211 Kuopio Finland
| | - Venla Olsson
- Molecular Medicine A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Eastern Finland Neulaniementie 2 70211 Kuopio Finland
| | - Mikko Kettunen
- Kuopio Biomedical Imaging Unit A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Eastern Finland Neulaniementie 2 70211 Kuopio Finland
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9
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Hansen KA, Chambers LC, Eing M, Barner-Kowollik C, Fairfull-Smith KE, Blinco JP. A Methoxyamine-Protecting Group for Organic Radical Battery Materials-An Alternative Approach. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:2386-2393. [PMID: 32202387 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201903529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An alternative synthetic route towards the widely employed electroactive poly(TEMPO methacrylate) (PTMA) via a thermally robust methoxyamine-protecting group is demonstrated herein. Protection of the radical moiety of hydroxy-TEMPO with a methyl functionality and subsequent esterification with methacrylic anhydride allows the high-yielding formation of the novel monomer methyl-TEMPO methacrylate (MTMA). The polymerization of MTMA to poly(MTMA) (PMTMA) is investigated via free radical polymerization and reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization (RAFT), a reversible-deactivation radical polymerization technique. Cleavage of the temperature-stable methoxyamine functionality by oxidative treatment of PMTMA with meta-chloroperbenzoic acid (mCPBA) releases the electroactive PTMA. The redox activity of PTMA was confirmed by cyclic voltammetry in lithium-ion coin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Anders Hansen
- Soft Matter Materials Laboratory, Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Lewis C Chambers
- Soft Matter Materials Laboratory, Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Matthias Eing
- Soft Matter Materials Laboratory, Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Soft Matter Materials Laboratory, Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Kathryn E Fairfull-Smith
- Soft Matter Materials Laboratory, Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - James P Blinco
- Soft Matter Materials Laboratory, Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
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10
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Wang S, Easley AD, Lutkenhaus JL. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Fundamentals for the Future of Macromolecular Nitroxide Radicals. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:358-370. [PMID: 35648551 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecular radicals, radical polymers, and polyradicals bear unique functionalities derived from their pendant radical groups. The increasing need for organic functional materials is driving the growth in research interest in macromolecular radicals for batteries, electronics, memory, and imaging. This Viewpoint summarizes the current state-of-knowledge regarding the macromolecular nitroxide radicals' redox mechanism, conductivity, chain conformation, controlled polymerization, network structure, conjugated forms, and applications. The nitroxide radical group is the focus because it is the most widely studied. Although most literature focuses upon applications, an emerging body of work is highlighting the fundamental physicochemical properties of macromolecular radicals. To this end, this Viewpoint recommends areas of opportunity in fundamental studies and best practices in reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyang Wang
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Alexandra D. Easley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jodie L. Lutkenhaus
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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11
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Pinto LF, Lloveras V, Zhang S, Liko F, Veciana J, Muñoz-Gómez JL, Vidal-Gancedo J. Fully Water-Soluble Polyphosphorhydrazone-Based Radical Dendrimers Functionalized with Tyr-PROXYL Radicals as Metal-Free MRI T1 Contrast Agents. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 3:369-376. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz F. Pinto
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona ICMAB−CSIC; Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, E-08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vega Lloveras
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona ICMAB−CSIC; Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, E-08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Songbai Zhang
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona ICMAB−CSIC; Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Flonja Liko
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona ICMAB−CSIC; Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona ICMAB−CSIC; Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, E-08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José L. Muñoz-Gómez
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona ICMAB−CSIC; Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Vidal-Gancedo
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona ICMAB−CSIC; Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, E-08193, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Exploring the Interactions of Ruthenium (II) Carbosilane Metallodendrimers and Precursors with Model Cell Membranes through a Dual Spin-Label Spin-Probe Technique Using EPR. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100540. [PMID: 31569790 PMCID: PMC6843795 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers exhibit unique interactions with cell membranes, arising from their nanometric size and high surface area. To a great extent, these interactions define their biological activity and can be reported in situ by spin-labelling techniques. Schiff-base carbosilane ruthenium (II) metallodendrimers are promising antitumor agents with a mechanism of action yet to explore. In order to study their in situ interactions with model cell membranes occurring at a molecular level, namely cetyltrimethylammonium bromide micelles (CTAB) and lecithin liposomes (LEC), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was selected. Both a spin probe, 4-(N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecyl)ammonium-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl bromide (CAT12), able to enter the model membranes, and a spin label, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) covalently attached at newly synthesized heterofunctional dendrimers, were used to provide complementary information on the dendrimer-membrane interactions. The computer-aided EPR analysis demonstrated a good agreement between the results obtained for the spin probe and spin label experiments. Both points of view suggested the partial insertion of the dendrimer surface groups into the surfactant aggregates, mainly CTAB micelles, and the occurrence of both polar and hydrophobic interactions, while dendrimer-LEC interactions involved more polar interactions between surface groups. We found out that subtle changes in the dendrimer structure greatly modified their interacting abilities and, subsequently, their anticancer activity.
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13
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Akakuru OU, Iqbal MZ, Saeed M, Liu C, Paunesku T, Woloschak G, Hosmane NS, Wu A. The Transition from Metal-Based to Metal-Free Contrast Agents for T1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Enhancement. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2264-2286. [PMID: 31380621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has received significant attention as the noninvasive diagnostic technique for complex diseases. Image-guided therapeutic strategy for diseases such as cancer has also been at the front line of biomedical research, thanks to the innovative MRI, enhanced by the prior delivery of contrast agents (CAs) into patients' bodies through injection. These CAs have contributed a great deal to the clinical utility of MRI but have been based on metal-containing compounds such as gadolinium, manganese, and iron oxide. Some of these CAs have led to cytotoxicities such as the incurable Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis (NSF), resulting in their removal from the market. On the other hand, CAs based on organic nitroxide radicals, by virtue of their structural composition, are metal free and without the aforementioned drawbacks. They also have improved biocompatibility, ease of functionalization, and long blood circulation times, and have been proven to offer tissue contrast enhancement with longitudinal relaxivities comparable with those for the metal-containing CAs. Thus, this Review highlights the recent progress in metal-based CAs and their shortcomings. In addition, the remarkable goals achieved by the organic nitroxide radical CAs in the enhancement of MR images have also been discussed extensively. The focal point of this Review is to emphasize or demonstrate the crucial need for transition into the use of organic nitroxide radicals-metal-free CAs-as against the metal-containing CAs, with the aim of achieving safer application of MRI for early disease diagnosis and image-guided therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozioma Udochukwu Akakuru
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, & Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province , Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19(A) Yuquan Road , Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049 , P.R. China
| | - M Zubair Iqbal
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, & Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province , Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , P.R. China.,Department of Materials Engineering, College of Materials and Textiles , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , No. 2 Road of Xiasha , Hangzhou 310018 , P.R. China
| | - Madiha Saeed
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, & Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province , Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19(A) Yuquan Road , Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049 , P.R. China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, & Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province , Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19(A) Yuquan Road , Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049 , P.R. China
| | - Tatjana Paunesku
- Department of Radiation Oncology , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois 60611 , United States
| | - Gayle Woloschak
- Department of Radiation Oncology , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois 60611 , United States
| | - Narayan S Hosmane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Northern Illinois University , DeKalb , Illinois 60115 , United States
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, & Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province , Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , P.R. China
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14
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Nguyen HVT, Detappe A, Gallagher NM, Zhang H, Harvey P, Yan C, Mathieu C, Golder MR, Jiang Y, Ottaviani MF, Jasanoff A, Rajca A, Ghobrial I, Ghoroghchian PP, Johnson JA. Triply Loaded Nitroxide Brush-Arm Star Polymers Enable Metal-Free Millimetric Tumor Detection by Magnetic Resonance Imaging. ACS NANO 2018; 12:11343-11354. [PMID: 30387988 PMCID: PMC6320246 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Nitroxides occupy a privileged position among plausible metal-free magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents (CAs) due to their inherently low-toxicity profiles; nevertheless, their translational development has been hindered by a lack of appropriate contrast sensitivity. Nanostructured materials with high nitroxide densities, where each individual nitroxide within a macromolecular construct contributes to the image contrast, could address this limitation, but the synthesis of such materials remains challenging. Here, we report a modular and scalable synthetic approach to nitroxide-based brush-arm star polymer (BASP) organic radical CAs (ORCAs) with high nitroxide loadings. The optimized ∼30 nm diameter "BASP-ORCA3" displays outstanding T2 sensitivity with a very high molecular transverse relaxivity ( r2 > 1000 mM-1 s-1). BASP-ORCA3 further exhibits excellent stability in vivo, no acute toxicity, and highly desirable pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profiles for longitudinal detection of tumors by MRI. When injected intravenously into mice bearing subcutaneous plasmacytomas, BASP-ORCA3 affords distinct in vivo visualization of tumors on translationally relevant time scales. Leveraging its high sensitivity, BASP-ORCA3 enables efficient mapping of tumor necrosis, which is an important biomarker to predict therapeutic outcomes. Moreover, BASP-ORCA3 allows for detection of millimetric tumor implants in a disseminated murine model of advanced-stage human ovarian cancer that possess genetic, histological, and vascular characteristics that are similar to those seen in patients. This work establishes BASP-ORCA3 as a promising metal-free spin contrast agent for MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung V.-T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Alexandre Detappe
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Nolan M. Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Peter Harvey
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Changcun Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Clelia Mathieu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Matthew R. Golder
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yivan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Alan Jasanoff
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andrzej Rajca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Irene Ghobrial
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - P. Peter Ghoroghchian
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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15
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Soikkeli M, Horkka K, Moilanen JO, Timonen M, Kavakka J, Heikkinen S. Synthesis, Stability and Relaxivity of TEEPO-Met: An Organic Radical as a Potential Tumour Targeting Contrast Agent for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Molecules 2018; 23:E1034. [PMID: 29702628 PMCID: PMC6102570 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a widespread and life-threatening disease and its early-stage diagnosis is vital. One of the most effective, non-invasive tools in medical diagnostics is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the aid of contrast agents. Contrast agents that are currently in clinical use contain metals, causing some restrictions in their use. Also, these contrast agents are mainly non-specific without any tissue targeting capabilities. Subsequently, the interest has notably increased in the research of organic, metal-free contrast agents. This study presents a new, stable organic radical, TEEPO-Met, where a radical moiety 2,2,6,6-tetraethylpiperidinoxide (TEEPO) is attached to an amino acid, methionine (Met), as a potentially tumour-targeting moiety. We describe the synthesis, stability assessment with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and relaxation enhancement abilities by an in vitro nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and phantom MRI studies of TEEPO-Met. The new compound proved to be stable notably longer than the average imaging time in conditions mimicking a biological matrix. Also, it significantly reduced the relaxation times of water, making it a promising candidate as a novel tumour targeting contrast agent for MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiju Soikkeli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Kaisa Horkka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jani O Moilanen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Centre, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Marjut Timonen
- HUS Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 340, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jari Kavakka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
- Stora Enso, Innovation Centre for Biomaterials, Fannys väg 1, S-13154 Nacka, Sweden.
| | - Sami Heikkinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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16
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Mauri E, Micotti E, Rossetti A, Melone L, Papa S, Azzolini G, Rimondo S, Veglianese P, Punta C, Rossi F, Sacchetti A. Microwave-assisted synthesis of TEMPO-labeled hydrogels traceable with MRI. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:558-565. [PMID: 29333553 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02292a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polymer functionalization strategies have recently attracted considerable attention for several applications in biomaterials science. In particular, technological advancements in medical imaging have focused on the design of polymeric matrices to improve non-invasive approaches and diagnostic accuracy. In this scenario, the use of microwave irradiation of aqueous solutions containing appropriate combinations of polymers is gaining increasing interest in the synthesis of sterile hydrogels without using monomers, eliminating the need to remove unreacted species. In this study, we developed a method for the in situ fabrication of TEMPO-labeled hydrogels based on a one-pot microwave reaction that can then be tracked by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) without using toxic compounds that could be hostile for the target tissue. Click chemistry was used to link TEMPO to the polymeric scaffold. In an in vivo model, the system was able to preserve its TEMPO paramagnetic activity up to 1 month after hydrogel injection, showing a clear detectable signal on T1-weighted MRI with a longitudinal relaxivity value of 0.29 mM s-1, comparable to a value of 0.31 mM s-1 characteristic of TEMPO application. The uncleavable conjugation between the contrast agent and the polymeric scaffold is a leading point to record these results: the use of TEMPO only physically entrapped in the polymeric scaffold did not show MRI traceability even after few hours. Moreover, the use of TEMPO-labeled hydrogels can also help to reduce the number of animals sacrificed being a longitudinal non-invasive technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Mauri
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy.
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17
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Hansen KA, Blinco JP. Nitroxide radical polymers – a versatile material class for high-tech applications. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py02001e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive summary of synthetic strategies for the preparation of nitroxide radical polymer materials and a state-of-the-art perspective on their latest and most exciting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Anders Hansen
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - James P. Blinco
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
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18
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Hou M, Lu X, Zhang Z, Xia Q, Yan C, Yu Z, Xu Y, Liu R. Conjugated Polymer Containing Organic Radical for Optical/MR Dual-Modality Bioimaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:44316-44323. [PMID: 29199819 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b15052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Optical/MRI bimodal probes have attracted much attention due to palmary soft tissue resolution and high imaging sensitivity. In this study, poly[fluorene-co-alt-p-phenylene] containing organic radical (PFP-TEMPO+) is successfully developed for optical and MRI dual-modality bioimaging. PFP-TEMPO+ displays advanced properties such as fluorescence emission, high photostablilty, reasonable T1 relaxation effect, low cytotoxicity, and good biocompatibility. Moreover, the ability of PFP-TEMPO+ for tumor tissues imaging confirms that it could be used as an optical and MRI imaging probe for in vivo imaging. The results of the present work disclose the potential applications of PFP-TEMPO+ as an optical and MRI contrast agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Hou
- Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, ‡Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, School of Biomedical Engineering, and §School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Lu
- Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, ‡Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, School of Biomedical Engineering, and §School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhide Zhang
- Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, ‡Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, School of Biomedical Engineering, and §School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Xia
- Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, ‡Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, School of Biomedical Engineering, and §School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenggong Yan
- Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, ‡Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, School of Biomedical Engineering, and §School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, ‡Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, School of Biomedical Engineering, and §School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yikai Xu
- Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, ‡Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, School of Biomedical Engineering, and §School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiyuan Liu
- Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, ‡Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, School of Biomedical Engineering, and §School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
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19
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Lu X, Zhang Z, Xia Q, Hou M, Yan C, Chen Z, Xu Y, Liu R. Glucose functionalized carbon quantum dot containing organic radical for optical/MR dual-modality bioimaging. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 82:190-196. [PMID: 29025647 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The organic paramagnetic compounds nitroxides have great potential as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of glucose modified carbon quantum dot containing 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidinooxy (TEMPO) for targeted bimodal MR/optical imaging of tumor cells. CQD-TEMPO-Glu shows the greatest potentials for bioimaging applications in view of low cytotoxicity, good biocompatibility, green fluorescence emission and high T1 relaxivities. The in vitro MR and optical imaging results confirm enhanced cellular internalization of CQD-TEMPO-Glu in cancer cells through GLUT mediated endocytosis. These results confirm that CQD-TEMPO-Glu is expected to be widely exploited as dual-modal contrast for cancer imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Zhide Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Qi Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Meirong Hou
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Chenggong Yan
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Zelong Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Yikai Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
| | - Ruiyuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
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20
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Garmendia S, Mantione D, Alonso-de Castro S, Jehanno C, Lezama L, Hedrick JL, Mecerreyes D, Salassa L, Sardon H. Polyurethane based organic macromolecular contrast agents (PU-ORCAs) for magnetic resonance imaging. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00166e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Combination of its convenience for non-invasive application and high spatial resolution make Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) one of the leading imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiem Garmendia
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Joxe Mari Korta Center
- 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian
- Spain
| | - Daniele Mantione
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Joxe Mari Korta Center
- 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian
- Spain
| | | | - Coralie Jehanno
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Joxe Mari Korta Center
- 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian
- Spain
| | - Luis Lezama
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and BC Materials
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- E-48080 Bilbao
- Spain
| | | | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Joxe Mari Korta Center
- 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian
- Spain
| | - Luca Salassa
- CIC BiomaGUNE
- Donostia-San Sebastián
- Spain
- Ikerbasque
- Basque Foundation for Science
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Joxe Mari Korta Center
- 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian
- Spain
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21
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Lloveras V, Badetti E, Wurst K, Chechik V, Veciana J, Vidal-Gancedo J. Magnetic and Electrochemical Properties of a TEMPO-Substituted Disulfide Diradical in Solution, in the Crystal, and on a Surface. Chemistry 2016; 22:1805-15. [PMID: 26743879 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A study of the magnetic and electrochemical properties of a TEMPO-substituted disulfide diradical in three different environments was carried out: in solution, in the crystal, and as a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on an Au(111) substrate, and the relationship between them was explored. In solution, this flexible diradical shows a strong spin-exchange interaction between the two nitroxide functions that depends on the temperature and solvent. Structural, dynamic, and thermodynamic information has been extracted from the EPR spectra of this dinitroxide. The magnetic interactions in the crystal include intra- and intermolecular contributions, which have been studied separately and shown to be antiferromagnetic in both cases. Finally, we demonstrate that both the magnetic and electrochemical properties are preserved upon chemisorption of the diradical on a gold surface. The resulting SAM displayed anisotropic magnetic properties, and angle-resolved EPR spectra of the monocrystal allowed a rough determination of the orientation of the molecules in the SAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vega Lloveras
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB s/n, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain), Fax
| | - Elena Badetti
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB s/n, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain), Fax
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Victor Chechik
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB s/n, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain), Fax
| | - José Vidal-Gancedo
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB s/n, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain. .,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain), Fax.
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22
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Lloveras V, Badetti E, Wurst K, Vidal-Gancedo J. Synthesis, X-Ray Structure, Magnetic Properties, and a Study of Intra/Intermolecular Radical-Radical Interactions of a Triradical TEMPO Compound. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:3302-7. [PMID: 26489060 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A novel triradical compound with a P=S core and three branches functionalized with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) radicals is synthesized and characterized by IR, (1) H NMR, (31) P NMR, and EPR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and its chemical structure is confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The triradical shows neither spin exchange interactions between its radical units nor detectable dipolar interactions. This is consistent with the separation between the radical units found in its X-ray diffraction structure, and discounts the existence of intramolecular interactions. This conclusion is confirmed by an EPR concentration study. The concentration at which intermolecular interactions start to appear is determined (5×10(-3) m) and this concentration should be taken into account as a higher concentration limit when studies on intramolecular radical-radical interactions in polyradicals with similar structure are required. SQUID magnetometry analysis of the compound shows antiferromagnetic interactions between the spin carriers of different molecules; that is, antiferromagnetic intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vega Lloveras
- Institut de Ciència de Materiales de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB s/n, E-08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Badetti
- Institut de Ciència de Materiales de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB s/n, E-08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain.,Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - José Vidal-Gancedo
- Institut de Ciència de Materiales de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB s/n, E-08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain. .,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain.
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