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Balaji PG, Bhimrao LS, Yadav AK. Revolutionizing Stroke Care: Nanotechnology-Based Brain Delivery as a Novel Paradigm for Treatment and Diagnosis. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04215-3. [PMID: 38829514 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04215-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Stroke, a severe medical condition arising from abnormalities in the coagulation-fibrinolysis cycle and metabolic processes, results in brain cell impairment and injury due to blood flow obstruction within the brain. Prompt and efficient therapeutic approaches are imperative to control and preserve brain functions. Conventional stroke medications, including fibrinolytic agents, play a crucial role in facilitating reperfusion to the ischemic brain. However, their clinical efficacy is hampered by short plasma half-lives, limited brain tissue distribution attributed to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and lack of targeted drug delivery to the ischemic region. To address these challenges, diverse nanomedicine strategies, such as vesicular systems, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, exosomes, inorganic nanoparticles, and biomimetic nanoparticles, have emerged. These platforms enhance drug pharmacokinetics by facilitating targeted drug accumulation at the ischemic site. By leveraging nanocarriers, engineered drug delivery systems hold the potential to overcome challenges associated with conventional stroke medications. This comprehensive review explores the pathophysiological mechanism underlying stroke and BBB disruption in stroke. Additionally, this review investigates the utilization of nanocarriers for current therapeutic and diagnostic interventions in stroke management. By addressing these aspects, the review aims to provide insight into potential strategies for improving stroke treatment and diagnosis through a nanomedicine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Gajanan Balaji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli (An Institute of National Importance under Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, GOI), A Transit Campus at Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Near CRPF Base Camp, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Londhe Sachin Bhimrao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli (An Institute of National Importance under Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, GOI), A Transit Campus at Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Near CRPF Base Camp, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Awesh K Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli (An Institute of National Importance under Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, GOI), A Transit Campus at Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Near CRPF Base Camp, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Zhang J, Chen Z, Chen Q. Advanced Nano-Drug Delivery Systems in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke. Molecules 2024; 29:1848. [PMID: 38675668 PMCID: PMC11054753 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the frequency of strokes has been on the rise year by year and has become the second leading cause of death around the world, which is characterized by a high mortality rate, high recurrence rate, and high disability rate. Ischemic strokes account for a large percentage of strokes. A reperfusion injury in ischemic strokes is a complex cascade of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, immune infiltration, and mitochondrial damage. Conventional treatments are ineffective, and the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) leads to inefficient drug delivery utilization, so researchers are turning their attention to nano-drug delivery systems. Functionalized nano-drug delivery systems have been widely studied and applied to the study of cerebral ischemic diseases due to their favorable biocompatibility, high efficiency, strong specificity, and specific targeting ability. In this paper, we briefly describe the pathological process of reperfusion injuries in strokes and focus on the therapeutic research progress of nano-drug delivery systems in ischemic strokes, aiming to provide certain references to understand the progress of research on nano-drug delivery systems (NDDSs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (J.Z.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (J.Z.); (Z.C.)
| | - Qi Chen
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Medical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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3
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Sri Kanaka Durga Vijayalakshmi G, Puvvada N. Recent Advances in Chemically Engineered Nanostructures Impact on Ischemic Stroke Treatment. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:45188-45207. [PMID: 38075770 PMCID: PMC10701887 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Stroke is a serious public health problem that raises expenses for society and causes long-term impairment and death. However, due to restricted blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, there are few treatment alternatives for treating stroke. Recanalization techniques, neuroprotective medications, and recovery techniques are all forms of treatment. The ischemic stroke treatment window is too narrow for logical and efficient therapy, and detection is possible only in advanced stages. BBB integrity disruption, neurotoxicity, and the brief half-life of therapeutic thrombolytics are the key molecular pathogenic causes of ischemic stroke. Existing neuroprotective drugs' inability to promote the recovery of ischemic brain tissue after a stroke is another factor that contributes to the disease's progression, chronic nature, and severity. A possible approach to getting around these medication restrictions and boosting the effectiveness of therapies is nanotechnology. In order to get around these drug-related restrictions and boost the effectiveness of therapies for neurological conditions such as stroke, nanotechnology has emerged as a viable option. These problems might be avoided by using nanoparticle-based methods to create a thrombolytic medication that is safe to use after the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment window has passed. The idea of using biomimetic nanoparticles in the future for the treatment of ischemic stroke through immunotherapy and stem cell therapy is highlighted, along with recent advancements in the study of nanomaterials for ischemic stroke diagnostics and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nagaprasad Puvvada
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Advanced Sciences, VIT-AP University, Amaravathi, Andhra Pradesh 522237, India
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Jiang C, Zhou Y, Chen R, Yang M, Zhou H, Tang Z, Shi H, Qin D. Nanomaterial-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Ischemic Stroke. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2669. [PMID: 38140010 PMCID: PMC10748360 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in the world. At present, reperfusion therapy and neuroprotective therapy, as guidelines for identifying effective and adjuvant treatment methods, are limited by treatment time windows, drug bioavailability, and side effects. Nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems have the characteristics of extending half-life, increasing bioavailability, targeting drug delivery, controllable drug release, and low toxicity, thus being used in the treatment of ischemic stroke to increase the therapeutic effects of drugs. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive overview of nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems from nanocarriers, targeting ligands and stimulus factors of drug release, aiming to find the best combination of nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems for ischemic stroke. Finally, future research areas on nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems in ischemic stroke and the implications of the current knowledge for the development of novel treatment for ischemic stroke were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengting Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (C.J.); (M.Y.)
- School of Basic Medical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (R.C.); (H.Z.); (Z.T.)
| | - Yang Zhou
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China;
| | - Rong Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (R.C.); (H.Z.); (Z.T.)
| | - Mengjia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (C.J.); (M.Y.)
- School of Basic Medical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (R.C.); (H.Z.); (Z.T.)
| | - Haimei Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (R.C.); (H.Z.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zhengxiu Tang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (R.C.); (H.Z.); (Z.T.)
| | - Hongling Shi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming 650021, China
| | - Dongdong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (C.J.); (M.Y.)
- School of Basic Medical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (R.C.); (H.Z.); (Z.T.)
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Kim M, Oh J, Lee Y, Lee EH, Ko SH, Jeong JH, Park CH, Lee M. Delivery of self-replicating messenger RNA into the brain for the treatment of ischemic stroke. J Control Release 2022; 350:471-485. [PMID: 36041589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is caused by the occlusion of cerebral arteries. In the ischemic stroke, ischemia-reperfusion injury increases the damage in the brain after reperfusion. In the previous study, heme oxygenase-1 (HO1) mRNA was delivered into the ischemic brain, showing that HO1-mRNA had higher therapeutic effect and less side-effect than HO1-plasmid (pHO1). However, mRNA is degraded faster than plasmid DNA reducing the duration of gene expression. In this study, self-replicating mRNA (Rep-mRNA) was developed using a replicon system from Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus to compensate this disadvantage of mRNA delivery. Deoxycholic acid-conjugated polyethylenimine (DA-PEI) was used as a carrier of the mRNA. The Rep-mRNA/DA-PEI complex had a size of around 90 nm and a zeta-potential of 33 mV. In the in vitro transfection assays, gene expression by the HO1-Rep-mRNA/DA-PEI complex persisted at least 14 days, while that by the HO1-mRNA/DA-PEI complex approached basal level at 3 days after transfection. Therapeutic effects of the HO1-Rep-mRNA/DA-PEI complexes were evaluated in the ischemic stroke animal models. The complexes were injected into the brain stereotaxically. HO1 expression by the HO1-Rep-mRNA/DA-PEI complex persisted at least 7 days after injection, but the pHO1/DA-PEI or HO1-mRNA/DA-PEI complex showed basal level of HO1-expression at 7 days after injection. Due to higher and longer expression of HO1, the apoptosis level and infarct size were decreased by the HO1-Rep-mRNA/DA-PEI complexes, compared with the pHO1/DA-PEI and HO1-mRNA/DA-PEI complex. These results suggest that HO1-Rep-mRNA/DA-PEI complex may have a potential as a long-lasting therapeutic system for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seondong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungju Oh
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seondong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngki Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seondong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Lee
- Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwan Park
- Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minhyung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seondong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Xu H, Li S, Liu YS. Nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of vascular aging and related diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:231. [PMID: 35817770 PMCID: PMC9272665 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging-induced alternations of vasculature structures, phenotypes, and functions are key in the occurrence and development of vascular aging-related diseases. Multiple molecular and cellular events, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, cellular senescence, and epigenetic alterations are highly associated with vascular aging physiopathology. Advances in nanoparticles and nanotechnology, which can realize sensitive diagnostic modalities, efficient medical treatment, and better prognosis as well as less adverse effects on non-target tissues, provide an amazing window in the field of vascular aging and related diseases. Throughout this review, we presented current knowledge on classification of nanoparticles and the relationship between vascular aging and related diseases. Importantly, we comprehensively summarized the potential of nanoparticles-based diagnostic and therapeutic techniques in vascular aging and related diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, as well as chronic kidney diseases, and discussed the advantages and limitations of their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - You-Shuo Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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7
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Mollazadeh S, Yazdimamaghani M, Yazdian-Robati R, Pirhadi S. New insight into the structural changes of apoferritin pores in the process of doxorubicin loading at an acidic pH: Molecular dynamics simulations. Comput Biol Med 2021; 141:105158. [PMID: 34952337 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.105158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Apoferritin (APO-Fr) is one of the most investigated proteins proposed as an advanced structure for drug delivery systems. Herein, molecular dynamics simulation was employed to compare the opening of 3-fold and 4-fold pores in APO-Fr during the partial disassembly process at an acidic pH. We showed that more hydrophilic residues in the surface of 3-fold pores compared to 4-fold pores facilitate increased flexibility and a higher tendency to open. In particular, dissociation is induced by the presence of Doxorubicin (DOX) close to 3-fold pores. Our simulations showed loaded DOXs on the APO-Fr surface were mainly involved in the hydrogen bond interactions with the hydrophilic residues, suggesting the difficulty of hydrophobic drugs loading in APO-Fr with the partial disassembly process. However, π-π interactions as well as hydrogen bonds between protein and DOXs were mediated by the basic and acidic amino acids such as HIP128, GLU17, and LYS143 at the open pores, providing penetration of DOXs into the H-Apo-Fr. We conclude that increased drug encapsulations and loading capacity of hydrophobic drugs into the cavity of APO-Fr are feasible by further disassembly of openings to access the internal hydrophobic portions of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Mollazadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical, Iran
| | - Mostafa Yazdimamaghani
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rezvan Yazdian-Robati
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Somayeh Pirhadi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Tian X, Fan T, Zhao W, Abbas G, Han B, Zhang K, Li N, Liu N, Liang W, Huang H, Chen W, Wang B, Xie Z. Recent advances in the development of nanomedicines for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2854-2869. [PMID: 33718667 PMCID: PMC7905263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is still a serious threat to human life and health, but there are few therapeutic options available to treat stroke because of limited blood-brain penetration. The development of nanotechnology may overcome some of the problems related to traditional drug development. In this review, we focus on the potential applications of nanotechnology in stroke. First, we will discuss the main molecular pathological mechanisms of ischemic stroke to develop a targeted strategy. Second, considering the important role of the blood-brain barrier in stroke treatment, we also delve mechanisms by which the blood-brain barrier protects the brain, and the reasons why the therapeutics must pass through the blood-brain barrier to achieve efficacy. Lastly, we provide a comprehensive review related to the application of nanomaterials to treat stroke, including liposomes, polymers, metal nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, graphene, black phosphorus, hydrogels and dendrimers. To conclude, we will summarize the challenges and future prospects of nanomedicine-based stroke treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Taojian Fan
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Wentian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Bo Han
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Nan Li
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Ning Liu
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Weiyuan Liang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Hao Huang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Zhongjian Xie
- Shenzhen International Institute for Biomedical Research, 518116, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Dubashynskaya NV, Bokatyi AN, Skorik YA. Dexamethasone Conjugates: Synthetic Approaches and Medical Prospects. Biomedicines 2021; 9:341. [PMID: 33801776 PMCID: PMC8067246 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexamethasone (DEX) is the most commonly prescribed glucocorticoid (GC) and has a wide spectrum of pharmacological activity. However, steroid drugs like DEX can have severe side effects on non-target organs. One strategy to reduce these side effects is to develop targeted systems with the controlled release by conjugation to polymeric carriers. This review describes the methods available for the synthesis of DEX conjugates (carbodiimide chemistry, solid-phase synthesis, reversible addition fragmentation-chain transfer [RAFT] polymerization, click reactions, and 2-iminothiolane chemistry) and perspectives for their medical application as GC drug or gene delivery systems for anti-tumor therapy. Additionally, the review focuses on the development of DEX conjugates with different physical-chemical properties as successful delivery systems in the target organs such as eye, joint, kidney, and others. Finally, polymer conjugates with improved transfection activity in which DEX is used as a vector for gene delivery in the cell nucleus have been described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yury A. Skorik
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. V.O. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.V.D.); (A.N.B.)
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10
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Brain gene delivery using histidine and arginine-modified dendrimers for ischemic stroke therapy. J Control Release 2020; 330:907-919. [PMID: 33152393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polyamidoamine dendrimer has been studied as an efficient gene carrier. Due to its anti-inflammatory properties, polyamidoamine is a useful gene carrier, especially for inflammatory diseases. However, the commonly used polyamidoamine generation 6 dendrimer (PG6) has higher cytotoxicity than low-molecular weight polyamidoamines, which limits its applications. Therefore, early-generation polyamidoamine dendrimers, such as generation 2 (PG2), have been investigated as an alternative to PG6, although PG2 has a lower transfection efficiency. In this study, to improve gene delivery efficiency, histidine and arginine were conjugated on the primary amines of PG2, synthesizing PG2HR. The gene delivery efficiency of PG2HR was higher than that of PG2 or of PG2 conjugated with only arginine (PG2R), which may be due to higher cellular uptake and endosomal escape of the plasmid DNA (pDNA)/PG2HR complex. In addition, PG2HR had lower cytotoxicity than polyethylenimine (25 kDa, PEI25k), PG2, and PG2R. Mechanism studies showed that PG2HR delivered pDNA into the cells mainly by clathrin-independent endocytosis and partly by macropinocytosis. The therapeutic potential of PG2HR-mediated gene delivery was evaluated in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-reperfusion stroke animal models. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) plasmid was delivered into the brain by local injection. The results showed that PG2HR had higher gene delivery efficiency in the brain than did PEI25k, PG2, or PG2R. Furthermore, compared to the pHO-1/PEI25k, pHO-1/PG2, and pHO-1/PG2R complexes, the pHO-1/PG2HR complex had reduced apoptosis levels and infarct sizes in ischemic brains. Therefore, because of its low cytotoxicity and high gene delivery efficiency, PG2HR may be useful for gene therapy of inflammatory diseases including ischemic stroke.
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11
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Piao C, Zhuang C, Choi M, Ha J, Lee M. A RAGE-antagonist peptide potentiates polymeric micelle-mediated intracellular delivery of plasmid DNA for acute lung injury gene therapy. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:13606-13617. [PMID: 32558842 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01367f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe inflammatory lung disease. A high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) derived RAGE-antagonist peptide (RAP) was previously developed for anti-inflammatory therapy for ALI. Due to its specific binding to RAGE on the surface of inflammatory cells, the RAP may facilitate polymer-mediated intracellular delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA) into the inflammatory cells. To evaluate this hypothesis, a pDNA/polymer/RAP ternary-complex was produced and applied for ALI gene therapy. Dexamethasone-conjugated polyamidoamine G2 (PAM-D) was used as a gene carrier, and the adiponectin (APN) gene was employed as a therapeutic gene. First, the ratio of pDNA to PAM-D was optimized in terms of anti-inflammation and low toxicity. Then, the RAP was added to the pDNA/PAM-D complex, producing the pDNA/PAM-D/RAP complex. The transfection efficiency of the luciferase plasmid (pLuc)/PAM-D/RAP reached its maximum at a weight ratio of 1 : 2 : 9. At this weight ratio, pLuc/PAM-D/RAP had a higher transfection efficiency than pLuc/PAM-D or pLuc/RAP. The transfection efficiency of pLuc/PAM-D/RAP decreased due to competition with free RAPs, suggesting the RAGE-mediated endocytosis of the complex. In the LPS-activated ALI mouse models, intratracheal administration of APN plasmid (pAPN)/PAM-D/RAP induced higher APN expression and less pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lungs of ALI animal models than pAPN/PEI25k, pAPN/RAP, and pAPN/PAM-D. Hematoxylin and eosin staining confirmed the higher anti-inflammatory effect of pAPN/PAM-D/RAP than the other complexes in the ALI models. Therefore, RAP-mediated enhanced delivery of pAPN/PAM-D may be useful for the development of a treatment for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxian Piao
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - Chuanyu Zhuang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - Myoungjee Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - Junkyu Ha
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - Minhyung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
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12
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Oh J, Kim SM, Lee EH, Kim M, Lee Y, Ko SH, Jeong JH, Park CH, Lee M. Messenger RNA/polymeric carrier nanoparticles for delivery of heme oxygenase-1 gene in the post-ischemic brain. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:3063-3071. [PMID: 32348398 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00076k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease caused by narrowed cerebral arteries. Thrombolytic agents such as tissue-plasminogen activators have been used for recanalization of the blood supply into the ischemic region. However, ischemia-reperfusion damage continues to increase the infarction volume. In this study, heme oxygenase-1 (HO1)-mRNA was delivered into the brain, using a non-viral carrier. Various non-viral carriers such as polyethylenimine (25 kDa, PEI25k), lipofectamine, dexamethasone-conjugated PEI2k (Dexa-PEI2k), deoxycholic acid-conjugated PEI2k (DA-PEI2k), and R3V6 peptides were evaluated as carriers of mRNA into the brain. Gene delivery assays showed that DA-PEI2k and lipofectamine had a higher mRNA delivery efficiency than the other carriers in Neuro2A cells in vitro and a rat brain in vivo. Cytotoxicity assays showed that lipofectamine had higher toxicity than DA-PEI2k. Therefore, DA-PEI2k was used for delivery of HO1-mRNA. Unlike plasmid DNA (pDNA), mRNA is expressed in the cytosol without nuclear translocation. This suggests that mRNA may have higher gene expression than pDNA, since the nuclear location of pDNA is an inefficient step. Indeed, in in vitro transfection assays, HO1-mRNA/DA-PEI2k had higher gene expression than HO1-pDNA/DA-PEI2k without induction of a pro-inflammatory cytokine. The therapeutic effects of HO1-mRNA delivery using DA-PEI2k were evaluated in the middle cerebral artery occlusion animal model after local injection. HO1-mRNA delivery had higher gene expression than HO1-pDNA delivery 24 h after the local injection. In addition, HO1-mRNA delivery reduced the infarct size more efficiently than HO1-pDNA delivery. The results suggest that the delivery of mRNA using DA-PEI2k may be useful for gene therapy of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungju Oh
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea.
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13
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Alkaff SA, Radhakrishnan K, Nedumaran AM, Liao P, Czarny B. Nanocarriers for Stroke Therapy: Advances and Obstacles in Translating Animal Studies. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:445-464. [PMID: 32021190 PMCID: PMC6982459 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s231853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The technology of drug delivery systems (DDS) has expanded into many applications, such as for treating neurological disorders. Nanoparticle DDS offer a unique strategy for targeted transport and improved outcomes of therapeutics. Stroke is likely to benefit from the emergence of this technology though clinical breakthroughs are yet to manifest. This review explores the recent advances in this field and provides insight on the trends, prospects and challenges of translating this technology to clinical application. Carriers of diverse material compositions are presented, with special focus on the surface properties and emphasis on the similarities and inconsistencies among in vivo experimental paradigms. Research attention is scattered among various nanoparticle DDS and various routes of drug administration, which expresses the lack of consistency among studies. Analysis of current literature reveals lipid- and polymer-based DDS as forerunners of DDS for stroke; however, cell membrane-derived vesicles (CMVs) possess the competitive edge due to their innate biocompatibility and superior efficacy. Conversely, inorganic and carbon-based DDS offer different functionalities as well as varied capacity for loading but suffer mainly from poor safety and general lack of investigation in this area. This review supports the existing literature by systematizing presently available data and accounting for the differences in drugs of choice, carrier types, animal models, intervention strategies and outcome parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Abdullah Alkaff
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 639798, Singapore
| | - Krishna Radhakrishnan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 639798, Singapore
| | - Anu Maashaa Nedumaran
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 639798, Singapore
| | - Ping Liao
- Calcium Signalling Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute 308433, Singapore
| | - Bertrand Czarny
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 639798, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University 639798, Singapore
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14
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Williams S, Ghosh C. Neurovascular glucocorticoid receptors and glucocorticoids: implications in health, neurological disorders and drug therapy. Drug Discov Today 2019; 25:89-106. [PMID: 31541713 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) are ubiquitous transcription factors widely studied for their role in controlling events related to inflammation, stress and homeostasis. Recently, GRs have reemerged as crucial targets of investigation in neurological disorders, with a focus on pharmacological strategies to direct complex mechanistic GR regulation and improve therapy. In the brain, GRs control functions necessary for neurovascular integrity, including responses to stress, neurological changes mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and brain-specific responses to corticosteroids. Therefore, this review will examine GR regulation at the neurovascular interface in normal and pathological conditions, pharmacological GR modulation and glucocorticoid insensitivity in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherice Williams
- Brain Physiology Laboratory/Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chaitali Ghosh
- Brain Physiology Laboratory/Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biomedical Engineering at Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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15
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Samal J, Rebelo AL, Pandit A. A window into the brain: Tools to assess pre-clinical efficacy of biomaterials-based therapies on central nervous system disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 148:68-145. [PMID: 30710594 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic conveyance into the brain is a cardinal requirement for treatment of diverse central nervous system (CNS) disorders and associated pathophysiology. Effectual shielding of the brain by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) sieves out major proportion of therapeutics with the exception of small lipophilic molecules. Various nano-delivery systems (NDS) provide an effective solution around this obstacle owing to their small size and targeting properties. To date, these systems have been used for several pre-clinical disease models including glioma, neurodegenerative diseases and psychotic disorders. An efficacy screen for these systems involves a test battery designed to probe into the multiple facets of therapeutic delivery. Despite their wide application in redressing various disease targets, the efficacy evaluation strategies for all can be broadly grouped into four modalities, namely: histological, bio-imaging, molecular and behavioural. This review presents a comprehensive insight into all of these modalities along with their strengths and weaknesses as well as perspectives on an ideal design for a panel of tests to screen brain nano-delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Samal
- CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ana Lucia Rebelo
- CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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Lee J, Oh J, Lee ES, Kim YP, Lee M. Conjugation of prostate cancer-specific aptamers to polyethylene glycol-grafted polyethylenimine for enhanced gene delivery to prostate cancer cells. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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Kim G, Piao C, Oh J, Lee M. Self-assembled polymeric micelles for combined delivery of anti-inflammatory gene and drug to the lungs by inhalation. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:8503-8514. [PMID: 29693671 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr00427g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a lung inflammatory disease for which pulmonary delivery of drug and gene could be a useful strategy. In this study, cholesterol-conjugated polyamidoamine (PAM-Chol) was synthesized and characterized as a carrier for combined delivery of anti-inflammatory gene and drug into the lungs by inhalation. The PAM-Chol formed self-assembled micelles in an aqueous solution with a critical micelle concentration of 0.22 mg ml-1. An in vitro transfection assay to L2 lung epithelial cells showed that the PAM-Chol micelle had higher transfection efficiency than lipofectamine and polyethylenimine (25 kDa, PEI25k). As the anti-inflammatory drug, resveratrol was loaded into the cores of the PAM-Chol micelles using the oil-in-water emulsion/solvent evaporation method. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophage cells, resveratrol-loaded PAM-Chol (PAM-Chol/Res) reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, confirming the anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol. In in vitro transfection assays to L2 cells, the PAM-Chol/Res micelles had transfection efficiency similar to that of PAM-Chol. The delivery of resveratrol or the heme oxygenase-1 gene (pHO-1) by inhalation was evaluated in an ALI animal model. Resveratrol delivery using the PAM-Chol/Res micelles inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lungs. pHO-1 delivery using PAM-Chol induced HO-1 expression and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, the highest anti-inflammatory effects were obtained with combined delivery of pHO-1 and resveratrol using the pHO-1/PAM-Chol/Res complex, as demonstrated in cytokine assays and immunohistochemical studies. Therefore, the PAM-Chol micelle is an efficient carrier of resveratrol and pHO-1 into the lungs and could be useful for the treatment of ALI by inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeungyun Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Choi E, Oh J, Lee D, Lee J, Tan X, Kim M, Kim G, Piao C, Lee M. A ternary-complex of a suicide gene, a RAGE-binding peptide, and polyethylenimine as a gene delivery system with anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic dual effects in glioblastoma. J Control Release 2018; 279:40-52. [PMID: 29660374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is involved in tumor angiogenesis. Inhibition of RAGE might be an effective anti-angiogenic therapy for cancer. In this study, a cationic RAGE-binding peptide (RBP) was produced as an antagonist of RAGE, and a ternary-complex consisting of RBP, polyethylenimine (2 kDa, PEI2k), and a suicide gene (pHSVtk) was developed as a gene delivery system with dual functions: the anti-tumor effect of pHSVtk and anti-angiogenic effect of RBP. As an antagonist of RAGE, RBP decreased the secretion of vascular-endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in activated macrophages and reduced the tube-formation of endothelial cells in vitro. In in vitro transfection assays, the RBP/PEI2k/plasmid DNA (pDNA) ternary-complex had higher transfection efficiency than the PEI2k/pDNA binary-complex. In an intracranial glioblastoma animal model, the RBP/PEI2k/pHSVtk ternary-complex reduced α-smooth muscle actin expression, suggesting that the complex has an anti-angiogenic effect. In addition, the ternary-complex had higher pHSVtk delivery efficiency than the PEI2k/pHSVtk and PEI25k/pHSVtk binary-complexes in an animal model. As a result, the ternary-complex induced apoptosis and reduced tumor volume more effectively than the PEI2k/pHSVtk and PEI25k/pHSVtk binary-complexes. In conclusion, due to its dual anti-tumor and anti-angiogenesis effects, the RBP/PEI2k/pHSVtk ternary-complex might be an efficient gene delivery system for the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungju Oh
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahee Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaonan Tan
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeungyun Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunxian Piao
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhyung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Oh J, Lee MS, Jeong JH, Lee M. Deoxycholic Acid-Conjugated Polyethylenimine for Delivery of Heme Oxygenase-1 Gene in Rat Ischemic Stroke Model. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:3524-3532. [PMID: 28780392 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
An efficient gene carrier to the brain is required for successful gene therapy of ischemic stroke. In this study, deoxycholic acid-conjugated polyethylenimine (DA-PEI) was synthesized and evaluated as a heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene carrier for ischemic stroke gene therapy. Gel retardation assay and heparin competition assay showed that DA-PEI formed a stable complex with plasmid DNA. In vitro transfection assays with the luciferase gene showed that DA-PEI had higher transfection efficiency than polyethylenimine (25 kDa, PEI25k) and lipofectamine in Neuro2A cells. Furthermore, DA-PEI had less toxicity than lipofectamine. To evaluate the therapeutic effects of the pβ-HO-1/DA-PEI complex, the complex was injected locally in the brain of the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion animal model. In in vivo studies, DA-PEI was more effective than PEI25k in delivering pβ-HO-1 to the ischemic brain and achieved higher HO-1 expression. As a result, the pβ-HO-1/DA-PEI complexes more effectively reduced infarct volume and the number of apoptotic cells compared with the pβ-HO-1/PEI25k complex. The results suggest that DA-PEI will be useful for HO-1 gene therapy of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungju Oh
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Min Sang Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Minhyung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea.
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20
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Kim JY, Piao C, Kim G, Lee S, Lee MS, Jeong JH, Lee M. Combined Delivery of a Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Peptide and the Heme Oxygenase-1 Gene Using Deoxycholic Acid-Conjugated Polyethylenimine for the Treatment of Acute Lung Injury. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Kim
- Department of Bioengineering; College of Engineering; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 South Korea
| | - Chunxian Piao
- Department of Bioengineering; College of Engineering; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 South Korea
| | - Gyeungyun Kim
- Department of Bioengineering; College of Engineering; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 South Korea
| | - Seonyeong Lee
- Department of Bioengineering; College of Engineering; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 South Korea
| | - Min Sang Lee
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 South Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 South Korea
| | - Minhyung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering; College of Engineering; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 South Korea
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21
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Brain-Targeted Polymers for Gene Delivery in the Treatment of Brain Diseases. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:48. [PMID: 28397188 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapies have become a promising strategy for treating neurological disorders, such as brain cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, with the help of molecular biology interpreting the underlying pathological mechanisms. Successful cellular manipulation against these diseases requires efficient delivery of nucleic acids into brain and further into specific neurons or cancer cells. Compared with viral vectors, non-viral polymeric carriers provide a safer and more flexible way of gene delivery, although suffering from significantly lower transfection efficiency. Researchers have been devoted to solving this defect, which is attributed to the multiple barriers existing for gene therapeutics in vivo, such as systemic degradation, blood-brain barrier, and endosome trapping. This review will be mainly focused on systemically administrated brain-targeted polymers developed so far, including PEI, dendrimers, and synthetic polymers with various functions. We will discuss in detail how they are designed to overcome these barriers and how they efficiently deliver therapeutic nucleic acids into targeted cells.
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Zhang L, Shi D, Shi C, Dong L, Li X, Chen M. Controllable Synthesis of Multiarm Star-Shaped Copolymers Composed of Phosphoester Chains and Their Application on Drug Delivery. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology Ministry of Education; School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Dongjian Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology Ministry of Education; School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Chunling Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xuzhou Institute of Technology; Xuzhou Jiangsu 221111 China
| | - Liangliang Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology Ministry of Education; School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology Ministry of Education; School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Mingqing Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology Ministry of Education; School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
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Choi M, Oh J, Rhim T, Lee M. Delivery of Hypoxia-Inducible Heme Oxygenase-1 Gene for Site-Specific Gene Therapy in the Ischemic Stroke Animal Model. Pharm Res 2016; 33:2250-8. [PMID: 27324961 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1962-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To reduce side effects due to non-specific expression, the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene under control of a hypoxia-inducible erythropoietin (Epo) enhancer (pEpo-SV-HO-1) was developed for site-specific gene therapy of ischemic stroke. METHODS pEpo-SV-HO-1 was constructed by insertion of the Epo enhancer into pSV-HO-1. Dexamethasone-conjugated polyamidoamine (PAMAM-Dexa) was used as a gene carrier. In vitro transfection assays were performed in the Neuro2A cells. In vivo efficacy of pEpo-SV-HO-1 was evaluated in the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. RESULTS In vitro transfection assay with the PAMAM-Dexa/pEpo-SV-HO-1 complex showed that pEpo-SV-HO-1 had higher HO-1 gene expression than pSV-HO-1 under hypoxia. In addition, pEpo-SV-HO-1 reduced the level of apoptosis more efficiently than pSV-HO-1 in Neuro2A cells under hypoxia. For in vivo evaluation, the PAMAM-Dexa/pEpo-SV-HO-1 complex was injected into the ischemic brain of the transient MCAO model. pEpo-SV-HO-1 increased HO-1 expression and reduced the number of apoptotic cells in the ischemic brain, compared with the pSV-HO-1 injection group. As a result, the infarct volume was more efficiently decreased by pEpo-SV-HO-1 than by pSV-HO-1. CONCLUSIONS pEpo-SV-HO-1 induced HO-1 gene expression and therapeutic effect in the ischemic brain. Therefore, pEpo-SV-HO-1 may be useful for site-specific gene therapy of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manbok Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea
| | - Jungju Oh
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea
| | - Taiyoun Rhim
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea.
| | - Minhyung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea.
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Ahmed S, Vepuri SB, Kalhapure RS, Govender T. Interactions of dendrimers with biological drug targets: reality or mystery - a gap in drug delivery and development research. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:1032-50. [PMID: 27100841 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00090h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers have emerged as novel and efficient materials that can be used as therapeutic agents/drugs or as drug delivery carriers to enhance therapeutic outcomes. Molecular dendrimer interactions are central to their applications and realising their potential. The molecular interactions of dendrimers with drugs or other materials in drug delivery systems or drug conjugates have been extensively reported in the literature. However, despite the growing application of dendrimers as biologically active materials, research focusing on the mechanistic analysis of dendrimer interactions with therapeutic biological targets is currently lacking in the literature. This comprehensive review on dendrimers over the last 15 years therefore attempts to identify the reasons behind the apparent lack of dendrimer-receptor research and proposes approaches to address this issue. The structure, hierarchy and applications of dendrimers are briefly highlighted, followed by a review of their various applications, specifically as biologically active materials, with a focus on their interactions at the target site. It concludes with a technical guide to assist researchers on how to employ various molecular modelling and computational approaches for research on dendrimer interactions with biological targets at a molecular level. This review highlights the impact of a mechanistic analysis of dendrimer interactions on a molecular level, serves to guide and optimise their discovery as medicinal agents, and hopes to stimulate multidisciplinary research between scientific, experimental and molecular modelling research teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Ahmed
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
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Nano-antioxidants: An emerging strategy for intervention against neurodegenerative conditions. Neurochem Int 2015; 89:209-26. [PMID: 26315960 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has for long been linked to the neuronal cell death in many neurodegenerative conditions. Conventional antioxidant therapies have been less effective in preventing neuronal damage caused by oxidative stress due to their inability to cross the blood brain barrier. Nanoparticle antioxidants constitute a new wave of antioxidant therapies for prevention and treatment of diseases involving oxidative stress. It is believed that nanoparticle antioxidants have strong and persistent interactions with biomolecules and would be more effective against free radical induced damage. Nanoantioxidants include inorganic nanoparticles possessing intrinsic antioxidant properties, nanoparticles functionalized with antioxidants or antioxidant enzymes to function as an antioxidant delivery system. Nanoparticles containing antioxidants have shown promise as high-performance therapeutic nanomedicine in attenuating oxidative stress with potential applications in treating and preventing neurodegenerative conditions. However, to realize the full potential of nanoantioxidants, negative aspects associated with the use of nanoparticles need to be overcome to validate their long term applications.
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