1
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Webster E, Peck NE, Echeverri JD, Gholizadeh S, Tang WL, Woo R, Sharma A, Liu W, Rae CS, Sallets A, Adusumilli G, Gunasekaran K, Haabeth OAW, Leong M, Zuckermann RN, Deutsch S, McKinlay CJ. Discovery of a Peptoid-Based Nanoparticle Platform for Therapeutic mRNA Delivery via Diverse Library Clustering and Structural Parametrization. ACS NANO 2024; 18:22181-22193. [PMID: 39105751 PMCID: PMC11342374 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-mediated mRNA delivery has emerged as a promising therapeutic modality, but its growth is still limited by the discovery and optimization of effective and well-tolerated delivery strategies. Lipid nanoparticles containing charged or ionizable lipids are an emerging standard for in vivo mRNA delivery, so creating facile, tunable strategies to synthesize these key lipid-like molecules is essential to advance the field. Here, we generate a library of N-substituted glycine oligomers, peptoids, and undertake a multistage down-selection process to identify lead candidate peptoids as the ionizable component in our Nutshell nanoparticle platform. First, we identify a promising peptoid structural motif by clustering a library of >200 molecules based on predicted physical properties and evaluate members of each cluster for reporter gene expression in vivo. Then, the lead peptoid motif is optimized using design of experiments methodology to explore variations on the charged and lipophilic portions of the peptoid, facilitating the discovery of trends between structural elements and nanoparticle properties. We further demonstrate that peptoid-based Nutshells leads to expression of therapeutically relevant levels of an anti-respiratory syncytial virus antibody in mice with minimal tolerability concerns or induced immune responses compared to benchmark ionizable lipid, DLin-MC3-DMA. Through this work, we present peptoid-based nanoparticles as a tunable delivery platform that can be optimized toward a range of therapeutic programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth
R. Webster
- Nutcracker
Therapeutics, 5980 Horton Street Suite 350, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Nicole E. Peck
- Nutcracker
Therapeutics, 5980 Horton Street Suite 350, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Juan Diego Echeverri
- Nutcracker
Therapeutics, 5980 Horton Street Suite 350, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Shima Gholizadeh
- Nutcracker
Therapeutics, 5980 Horton Street Suite 350, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Wei-Lun Tang
- Nutcracker
Therapeutics, 5980 Horton Street Suite 350, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Rinette Woo
- Nutcracker
Therapeutics, 5980 Horton Street Suite 350, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Anushtha Sharma
- Nutcracker
Therapeutics, 5980 Horton Street Suite 350, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Weiqun Liu
- Nutcracker
Therapeutics, 5980 Horton Street Suite 350, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Chris S. Rae
- Nutcracker
Therapeutics, 5980 Horton Street Suite 350, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Adrienne Sallets
- Nutcracker
Therapeutics, 5980 Horton Street Suite 350, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Gowrisudha Adusumilli
- Nutcracker
Therapeutics, 5980 Horton Street Suite 350, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Kannan Gunasekaran
- Nutcracker
Therapeutics, 5980 Horton Street Suite 350, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Ole A. W. Haabeth
- Nutcracker
Therapeutics, 5980 Horton Street Suite 350, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Meredith Leong
- Nutcracker
Therapeutics, 5980 Horton Street Suite 350, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Ronald N. Zuckermann
- Molecular
Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Samuel Deutsch
- Nutcracker
Therapeutics, 5980 Horton Street Suite 350, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Colin J. McKinlay
- Nutcracker
Therapeutics, 5980 Horton Street Suite 350, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
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2
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Kim J, Eygeris Y, Ryals RC, Jozić A, Sahay G. Strategies for non-viral vectors targeting organs beyond the liver. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:428-447. [PMID: 38151642 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01563-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, nanoparticles have evolved to a clinical modality to deliver diverse nucleic acids. Rising interest in nanomedicines comes from proven safety and efficacy profiles established by continuous efforts to optimize physicochemical properties and endosomal escape. However, despite their transformative impact on the pharmaceutical industry, the clinical use of non-viral nucleic acid delivery is limited to hepatic diseases and vaccines due to liver accumulation. Overcoming liver tropism of nanoparticles is vital to meet clinical needs in other organs. Understanding the anatomical structure and physiological features of various organs would help to identify potential strategies for fine-tuning nanoparticle characteristics. In this Review, we discuss the source of liver tropism of non-viral vectors, present a brief overview of biological structure, processes and barriers in select organs, highlight approaches available to reach non-liver targets, and discuss techniques to accelerate the discovery of non-hepatic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghwan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Yulia Eygeris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Renee C Ryals
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Antony Jozić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Gaurav Sahay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Robertson Life Sciences Building, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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3
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Capelôa L, Yazdi M, Zhang H, Chen X, Nie Y, Wagner E, Lächelt U, Barz M. Cross-linkable Polyion Complex Micelles from Polypept(o)ide-based ABC-triblock Copolymers for siRNA Delivery. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100698. [PMID: 34967473 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
ABC-type triblock copolymers are a rising platform especially for oligonucleotide delivery as they offer an additional functionality beside the anyhow needed functions of shielding and complexation. We present a polypept(o)ide-based triblock copolymer synthesized by amine-initiated ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs), comprising a shielding block A of polysarcosine (pSar), a poly(S-ethylsulfonyl-l-cystein) (pCys(SO2 Et)) block B for bioreversible and chemo-selective cross-linking and a poly(l-lysine) (pLys) block C for complexation to construct polyion complex (PIC) micelles as vehicle for small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery. We investigated the self-assembly behavior of ABC-type triblocks to derive correlations between block lengths of the polymer and PIC micelle structure, showing an enormous effect of the β-sheet forming pCys(SO2 Et) block. Moreover, the block enables the introduction of disulfide cross-links by reaction with multifunctional thiols to increase stability against dilution. The right content of the additional block leads to well-defined cross-linked 50-60 nm PIC micelles purified from production impurities and determinable siRNA loading. These PIC micelles can deliver functional siRNA into Neuro2A and KB cells evaluated by cellular uptake and specific gene knockdown assays. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Capelôa
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einstein weg 55, Leiden, 2333CC, The Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 63, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Mina Yazdi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, LMU Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Heyang Zhang
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einstein weg 55, Leiden, 2333CC, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
| | - Yu Nie
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, LMU Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Ulrich Lächelt
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Matthias Barz
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einstein weg 55, Leiden, 2333CC, The Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 63, Mainz, 55131, Germany
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4
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Zhang W, Han B, Lai X, Xiao C, Xu S, Meng X, Li Z, Meng J, Wen T, Yang X, Liu J, Xu H. Stiffness of cationized gelatin nanoparticles is a key factor determining RNAi efficiency in myeloid leukemia cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1255-1258. [PMID: 31898700 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09068a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Here we demonstrated that the stiffness of cationized gelatin nanoparticles determined the efficiency of RNAi in myeloid leukemia cells when the particle size and surface charges were kept constant. The siRNA delivery system with an elastic modulus of 0.87 MPa showed the largest siRNA uptake and RNAi efficiency for hard-to-transfect suspension cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P. R. China. and State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P. R. China
| | - Bo Han
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P. R. China.
| | - Xinning Lai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P. R. China.
| | - Chen Xiao
- Department of Nanomedicine and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shilin Xu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P. R. China.
| | - Xianghui Meng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P. R. China.
| | - Zifu Li
- Department of Nanomedicine and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China and National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P. R. China.
| | - Tao Wen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P. R. China.
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- Department of Nanomedicine and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China and National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P. R. China.
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P. R. China.
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5
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Abstract
As synthetic small interfering RNA (siRNA) against antitumoral gene targets show promise for cancer treatment, different siRNA delivery systems have sparkled intense investigations. To develop tumor-specific carriers for cytosolic and systemic siRNA delivery, our laboratory has recently generated folate-conjugated targeted combinatorial siRNA polyplexes based on sequence-defined oligomer platform compatible with solid-phase-supported synthesis. These polyplexes presented efficient siRNA-mediated gene silencing in folate receptor-expressing tumors in vitro and in vivo. In this chapter, we provide a brief background on the formulation design and detailed protocols to evaluate polyplex formation, gene silencing efficiency, and receptor-directed cell killing in cancer cells using targeted combinatorial siRNA polyplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian-Jang Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Munich, Germany.
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6
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Abstract
Lipopolyplexes present well-established nucleic acid carriers assembled from sequence-defined cationic lipo-oligomers and DNA or RNA. They can be equipped with additional surface functionality, like shielding and targeting, in a stepwise assembly method using click chemistry. Here, we describe the synthesis of the required compounds, an azide-bearing lipo-oligomer structure and dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) click agents as well as the assembly of the compounds with siRNA into a surface-functionalized formulation. Both the lipo-oligomer and the DBCO-equipped shielding and targeting agents are produced by solid-phase synthesis (SPS). This enables for precise variation of all functional units, like variation in the amount of DBCO attachment sites or polyethylene glycol (PEG) length. Special cleavage conditions with only 5% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) must be applied for the synthesis of the shielding and targeting agents due to acid lability of the DBCO unit. The two-step lipopolyplex assembly technique allows for separate optimization of the core and the shell of the formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Michael Klein
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for System-based Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for System-based Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich, Munich, Germany
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7
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Reinhard S, Wagner E. Sequence-Defined Cationic Lipo-Oligomers Containing Unsaturated Fatty Acids for Transfection. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1943:1-25. [PMID: 30838606 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9092-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sequence-defined cationic lipo-oligomers containing unsaturated fatty acids are potent nucleic acid carriers that are produced by solid-phase supported synthesis. However, the trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)-mediated removal of acid-labile protecting groups and cleavage from the resin can be accompanied by side products caused by an addition of TFA to the double bonds of unsaturated fatty acids. These TFA adducts are converted into hydroxylated derivatives under aqueous conditions. Here we describe an optimized cleavage protocol (precooling cleavage solution to 4 °C, 20 min cleavage at 22 °C), which minimizes TFA adduct formation, retains the unsaturated hydrocarbon chain character, and ensures high yields of the synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Reinhard
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center of Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Butenandtstr, München, Germany.
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center of Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Butenandtstr, München, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstr, München, Germany
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8
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Reinhard S, Wang Y, Dengler S, Wagner E. Precise Enzymatic Cleavage Sites for Improved Bioactivity of siRNA Lipo-Polyplexes. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3649-3657. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sören Reinhard
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center of Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center of Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dengler
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center of Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center of Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative
Munich (NIM), Schellingstrasse 4, 80799 München, Germany
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9
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Xie Y, Yu F, Tang W, Alade B, Peng ZH, Wang Y, Li J, Oupický D. Synthesis and Evaluation of Chloroquine-Containing DMAEMA Copolymers as Efficient Anti-miRNA Delivery Vectors with Improved Endosomal Escape and Antimigratory Activity in Cancer Cells. Macromol Biosci 2018; 18:10.1002/mabi.201700194. [PMID: 28776937 PMCID: PMC5997184 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chloroquine-containing 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate copolymers (PDCs) are synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization. Systematic evaluation is performed to test the hypothesis that presence of chloroquine (CQ) in the PDC structure will improve miRNA delivery due to enhanced endosomal escape while simultaneously contribute to anticancer activity of PDC/miRNA polyplexes through inhibition of cancer cell migration. The results show that miRNA delivery efficiency is dependent both on the molecular weight and CQ. The best performing PDC/miRNA polyplexes show effective endosomal escape of miRNA. PDC polyplexes with therapeutic miR-210 show promising anticancer activity in human breast cancer cells. PDC/miRNA polyplexes show excellent ability to inhibit migration of cancer cells. Overall, this study supports the use of PDC as a promising polymeric drug platform for use in combination anti-metastatic and anticancer miRNA therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xie
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Fei Yu
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Weimin Tang
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Bolutito Alade
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Zheng-Hong Peng
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Yazhe Wang
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - David Oupický
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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10
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Reinhard S, Zhang W, Wagner E. Optimized Solid‐Phase‐Assisted Synthesis of Oleic Acid Containing siRNA Nanocarriers. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1464-1470. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sören Reinhard
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center of Nanoscience, CeNSLudwig-Maximilians-Universität Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center of Nanoscience, CeNSLudwig-Maximilians-Universität Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center of Nanoscience, CeNSLudwig-Maximilians-Universität Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich, NIM Schellingstr. 4 80799 München Germany
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11
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Ahlers P, Frisch H, Holm R, Spitzer D, Barz M, Besenius P. Tuning the pH-Switch of Supramolecular Polymer Carriers for siRNA to Physiologically Relevant pH. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17. [PMID: 28671760 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of histidine enriched dendritic peptide amphiphiles and their self-assembly into multicomponent pH-switchable supramolecular polymers is reported. Alternating histidine and phenylalanine peptide synthons allow the assembly/disassembly to be adjusted in a physiologically relevant range of pH 5.3-6.0. Coassembly of monomers equipped with dendritic tetraethylene glycol chains with monomers bearing peripheral primary amine groups leads to nanorods with a tunable cationic surface charge density. These surface functional supramolecular polycations are able to reversibly bind short interfering RNA (siRNA). The nanorod-like supramolecular polymers, their complexation with siRNA, and the pH-triggered assembly/disassembly of the supramolecular carriers are characterized via circular dichroism spectroscopy, gel electrophoresis, as well as transmission electron microscopy. Multicomponent supramolecular polymers represent a modular and promising strategy for applications as responsive carrier vehicles, codelivery strategies, and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ahlers
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hendrik Frisch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Regina Holm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Spitzer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Barz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Pol Besenius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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12
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Albuquerque LJC, de Castro CE, Riske KA, da Silva MCC, Muraro PIR, Schmidt V, Giacomelli C, Giacomelli FC. Gene Transfection Mediated by Catiomers Requires Free Highly Charged Polymer Chains To Overcome Intracellular Barriers. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:1918-1927. [PMID: 28453254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The prospective use of the block copolymers poly(ethylene oxide)113-b-poly[2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]50 (PEO113-b-PDEA50) and poly[oligo(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate]70-b-poly[oligo(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate10-co-2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate47-co-2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate47] (POEGMA70-b-P(OEGMA10-co-DEA47-co-DPA47)) as nonviral gene vectors was evaluated. The polymers are able to properly condense DNA into nanosized particles (RH ≈ 75 nm), which are marginally cytotoxic and can be uptaken by cells. However, the green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression assays evidenced that DNA delivery is essentially negligible meaning that intracellular trafficking hampers efficient gene release. Subsequently, we demonstrate that cellular uptake and particularly the quantity of GFP-positive cells are substantially enhanced when the block copolymer polyplexes are produced and further supplemented by BPEI chains (branched polyethylenimine). The dynamic light scattering/electrophoretic light scattering/isothermal titration calorimetry data suggest that such a strategy allows the adsorption of BPEI onto the surface of the polyplexes, and this phenomenon is responsible for increasing the size and surface charge of the assemblies. Nevertheless, most of the BPEI chains remain freely diffusing in the systems. The biological assays confirmed that cellular uptake is enhanced in the presence of BPEI and principally, the free highly charged polymer chains play the central role in intracellular trafficking and gene transfection. These investigations pointed out that the transfection efficiency versus cytotoxicity issue can be balanced by a mixture of BPEI and less cytotoxic agents such as for instance the proposed block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindomar J C Albuquerque
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC , 09210-580 Santo André, Brazil
| | - Carlos E de Castro
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC , 09210-580 Santo André, Brazil
| | - Karin A Riske
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo , 04023-062 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria C Carlan da Silva
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC , 09210-580 Santo André, Brazil
| | - Paulo I R Muraro
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Schmidt
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Giacomelli
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Fernando C Giacomelli
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC , 09210-580 Santo André, Brazil
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13
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Monitoring integrity and localization of modified single-stranded RNA oligonucleotides using ultrasensitive fluorescence methods. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173401. [PMID: 28278199 PMCID: PMC5344492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Short single-stranded oligonucleotides represent a class of promising therapeutics with diverse application areas. Antisense oligonucleotides, for example, can interfere with various processes involved in mRNA processing through complementary base pairing. Also RNA interference can be regulated by antagomirs, single-stranded siRNA and single-stranded microRNA mimics. The increased susceptibility to nucleolytic degradation of unpaired RNAs can be counteracted by chemical modification of the sugar phosphate backbone. In order to understand the dynamics of such single-stranded RNAs, we investigated their fate after exposure to cellular environment by several fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. First, we elucidated the degradation of four differently modified, dual-dye labeled short RNA oligonucleotides in HeLa cell extracts by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy and Förster resonance energy transfer. We observed that the integrity of the oligonucleotide sequence correlates with the extent of chemical modifications. Furthermore, the data showed that nucleolytic degradation can only be distinguished from unspecific effects like aggregation, association with cellular proteins, or intramolecular dynamics when considering multiple measurement and analysis approaches. We also investigated the localization and integrity of the four modified oligonucleotides in cultured HeLa cells using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. No intracellular accumulation could be observed for unmodified oligonucleotides, while completely stabilized oligonucleotides showed strong accumulation within HeLa cells with no changes in fluorescence lifetime over 24 h. The integrity and accumulation of partly modified oligonucleotides was in accordance with their extent of modification. In highly fluorescent cells, the oligonucleotides were transported to the nucleus. The lifetime of the RNA in the cells could be explained by a balance between release of the oligonucleotides from endosomes, degradation by RNases and subsequent depletion from the cells.
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Dimde M, Neumann F, Reisbeck F, Ehrmann S, Cuellar-Camacho JL, Steinhilber D, Ma N, Haag R. Defined pH-sensitive nanogels as gene delivery platform for siRNA mediated in vitro gene silencing. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:2328-2336. [DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00729a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An advanced cationic carrier system which combines high transfection efficiency with low cytotoxicity and a control over the release of the encapsulated genetic material by the reduction of the multivalent architecture upon pH triggered degradation was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Dimde
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Berlin 14195
- Germany
| | - Falko Neumann
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Berlin 14195
- Germany
| | - Felix Reisbeck
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Berlin 14195
- Germany
| | - Svenja Ehrmann
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Berlin 14195
- Germany
- Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie
| | | | - Dirk Steinhilber
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Berlin 14195
- Germany
| | - Nan Ma
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Berlin 14195
- Germany
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Berlin 14195
- Germany
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