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Qian S, Lin HA, Pan Q, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Geng Z, Wu Q, He Y, Zhu B. Chemically revised conducting polymers with inflammation resistance for intimate bioelectronic electrocoupling. Bioact Mater 2023; 26:24-51. [PMID: 36875055 PMCID: PMC9975642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Conducting polymers offer attractive mixed ionic-electronic conductivity, tunable interfacial barrier with metal, tissue matchable softness, and versatile chemical functionalization, making them robust to bridge the gap between brain tissue and electronic circuits. This review focuses on chemically revised conducting polymers, combined with their superior and controllable electrochemical performance, to fabricate long-term bioelectronic implants, addressing chronic immune responses, weak neuron attraction, and long-term electrocommunication instability challenges. Moreover, the promising progress of zwitterionic conducting polymers in bioelectronic implants (≥4 weeks stable implantation) is highlighted, followed by a comment on their current evolution toward selective neural coupling and reimplantable function. Finally, a critical forward look at the future of zwitterionic conducting polymers for in vivo bioelectronic devices is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihao Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Hsing-An Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Qichao Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Shuhua Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yunhua Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zhi Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Qing Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yong He
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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2
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Manasa CS, Silva SM, Caballero-Aguilar LM, Quigley AF, Kapsa RMI, Greene GW, Moulton SE. Active and passive drug release by self-assembled lubricin (PRG4) anti-fouling coatings. J Control Release 2022; 352:35-46. [PMID: 36228955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Electroactive polymers (EAPs) have been investigated as materials for use in a range of biomedical applications, ranging from cell culture, electrical stimulation of cultured cells as well as controlled delivery of growth factors and drugs. Despite their excellent drug delivery ability, EAPs are susceptible to biofouling thus they often require surface functionalisation with antifouling coatings to limit unwanted non-specific protein adsorption. Here we demonstrate the surface modification of para toluene sulfonate (pTS) doped polypyrrole with the glycoprotein lubricin (LUB) to produce a self-assembled coating that both prevents surface biofouling while also serving as a high-capacity reservoir for cationic drugs which can then be released passively via diffusion or actively via an applied electrical potential. We carried out our investigation in two parts where we initially assessed the antifouling and cationic drug delivery ability of LUB tethered on a gold surface using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM) to monitor molecular interactions occurring on a gold sensor surface. After confirming the ability of tethered LUB nano brush layers on a gold surface, we introduced an electrochemically grown EAP layer to act as the immobilisation surface for LUB before subsequently introducing the cationic drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX). The release of cationic drug was then investigated under passive and electrochemically stimulated conditions. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was then carried out to quantify the amount of DOX released. It was shown that the amount of DOX released from nano brush layers of LUB tethered on gold and EAP surfaces could be increased by up to 30% per minute by applying a positive electrochemically stimulating pulse at 0.8 V for one minute. Using bovine serum albumin (BSA), we show that DOX loaded LUB tethered on para toluene sulfonic acid (pTS) doped polypyrrole retained antifouling ability of up to 75% when compared to unloaded tethered LUB. This work demonstrates the unique, novel ability of tethered LUB to actively participate in the delivery of cationic therapeutics on different substrate surfaces. This study could lead to the development of versatile multifunctional biomaterials for use in wide range of biomedical applications, such as dual drug delivery and lubricating coatings, dual drug delivery and antifouling coatings, cellular recording and stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton S Manasa
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia; The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Saimon M Silva
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia; The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia; Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Lilith M Caballero-Aguilar
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia; The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Anita F Quigley
- School of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia; The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy 3065, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robert M I Kapsa
- School of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia; The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy 3065, Melbourne, Australia
| | - George W Greene
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia.
| | - Simon E Moulton
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia; The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia; Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia.
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3
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Gernert M, Feja M. Bypassing the Blood-Brain Barrier: Direct Intracranial Drug Delivery in Epilepsies. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121134. [PMID: 33255396 PMCID: PMC7760299 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsies are common chronic neurological diseases characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures of central origin. The mainstay of treatment involves symptomatic suppression of seizures with systemically applied antiseizure drugs (ASDs). Systemic pharmacotherapies for epilepsies are facing two main challenges. First, adverse effects from (often life-long) systemic drug treatment are common, and second, about one-third of patients with epilepsy have seizures refractory to systemic pharmacotherapy. Especially the drug resistance in epilepsies remains an unmet clinical need despite the recent introduction of new ASDs. Apart from other hypotheses, epilepsy-induced alterations of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are thought to prevent ASDs from entering the brain parenchyma in necessary amounts, thereby being involved in causing drug-resistant epilepsy. Although an invasive procedure, bypassing the BBB by targeted intracranial drug delivery is an attractive approach to circumvent BBB-associated drug resistance mechanisms and to lower the risk of systemic and neurologic adverse effects. Additionally, it offers the possibility of reaching higher local drug concentrations in appropriate target regions while minimizing them in other brain or peripheral areas, as well as using otherwise toxic drugs not suitable for systemic administration. In our review, we give an overview of experimental and clinical studies conducted on direct intracranial drug delivery in epilepsies. We also discuss challenges associated with intracranial pharmacotherapy for epilepsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Gernert
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany;
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)511-953-8527
| | - Malte Feja
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany;
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
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4
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Yan B, Wang Y, Wu Y, Prox JD, Yang H, Guo L. Fast Electrochemical Netting of Composite Chains for Transferable Highly Conductive Polymeric Nanofilms. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:8580-8589. [PMID: 31532678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b07120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Broad applications of electropolymerized conducting polymers (CPs) often prefer thinner soft electrodes to comply with downscaling of the fabrication resolution. However, high conductivity of existing CP films vanishes as thickness decreases to the nanoscale (i.e., below 100 nm), with an unclear mechanism so far. In this study, with an unprecedented family of polypyrrole (PPy) nanofilms that can be easily transferred in a fast and contamination-free manner, we are able to trace the initial development of electrical conductance along with chains' arrangement starting from the very early electrochemical deposition. Our results evidence that the classical nodular polymeric aggregation fundamentally accounts for the persistent losses of interchain connectivity and macroscopic conductivity at a limited thickness. Surprisingly, this seemingly disadvantageous structure can be altered into a large conjugated network to robustly restore the conductivity back to over 80 S cm-1 even below 100 nm, while the controllable formation, growth, and collapse of such networks radically vary the conductivity over a range of 3 orders of magnitude (0.8-129 S cm-1). These observations depict the first physical picture detailing how the long-range conductivity builds up in a growing conjugated network, which opens a route to fast synthesis and diverse applications of such highly conductive CP nanofilms.
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Jin Z, Qi K, Qiu Y, Chen Z, Guo X. Degradation behavior of free-standing polypyrrole films in NaOH solution. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Boni R, Ali A, Shavandi A, Clarkson AN. Current and novel polymeric biomaterials for neural tissue engineering. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:90. [PMID: 30572957 PMCID: PMC6300901 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0491-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The nervous system is a crucial component of the body and damages to this system, either by of injury or disease, can result in serious or potentially lethal consequences. Restoring the damaged nervous system is a great challenge due to the complex physiology system and limited regenerative capacity.Polymers, either synthetic or natural in origin, have been extensively evaluated as a solution for restoring functions in damaged neural tissues. Polymers offer a wide range of versatility, in particular regarding shape and mechanical characteristics, and their biocompatibility is unmatched by other biomaterials, such as metals and ceramics. Several studies have shown that polymers can be shaped into suitable support structures, including nerve conduits, scaffolds, and electrospun matrices, capable of improving the regeneration of damaged neural tissues. In general, natural polymers offer the advantage of better biocompatibility and bioactivity, while synthetic or non-natural polymers have better mechanical properties and structural stability. Often, combinations of the two allow for the development of polymeric conduits able to mimic the native physiological environment of healthy neural tissues and, consequently, regulate cell behaviour and support the regeneration of injured nervous tissues.Currently, most of neural tissue engineering applications are in pre-clinical study, in particular for use in the central nervous system, however collagen polymer conduits aimed at regeneration of peripheral nerves have already been successfully tested in clinical trials.This review highlights different types of natural and synthetic polymers used in neural tissue engineering and their advantages and disadvantages for neural regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Boni
- Bioengineering Research Team, Centre for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, Department of Food Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand
| | - Azam Ali
- Bioengineering Research Team, Centre for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, Department of Food Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand
| | - Amin Shavandi
- Bioengineering Research Team, Centre for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, Department of Food Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand
- BioMatter-Biomass Transformation Lab (BTL), École interfacultaire de Bioingénieurs (EIB), École polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50 - CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrew N. Clarkson
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand
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Alegret N, Dominguez-Alfaro A, González-Domínguez JM, Arnaiz B, Cossío U, Bosi S, Vázquez E, Ramos-Cabrer P, Mecerreyes D, Prato M. Three-Dimensional Conductive Scaffolds as Neural Prostheses Based on Carbon Nanotubes and Polypyrrole. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:43904-43914. [PMID: 30475577 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional scaffolds for cellular organization need to enjoy a series of specific properties. On the one hand, the morphology, shape and porosity are critical parameters and eventually related with the mechanical properties. On the other hand, electrical conductivity is an important asset when dealing with electroactive cells, so it is a desirable property even if the conductivity values are not particularly high. Here, we construct three-dimensional (3D) porous and conductive composites, where C8-D1A astrocytic cells were incubated to study their biocompatibility. The manufactured scaffolds are composed exclusively of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a most promising material to interface with neuronal tissue, and polypyrrole (PPy), a conjugated polymer demonstrated to reduce gliosis, improve adaptability, and increase charge-transfer efficiency in brain-machine interfaces. We developed a new and easy strategy, based on the vapor phase polymerization (VPP) technique, where the monomer vapor is polymerized inside a sucrose sacrificial template containing CNT and an oxidizing agent. After removing the sucrose template, a 3D porous scaffold was obtained and its physical, chemical, and electrical properties were evaluated. The obtained scaffold showed very low density, high and homogeneous porosity, electrical conductivity, and Young's Modulus similar to the in vivo tissue. Its high biocompatibility was demonstrated even after 6 days of incubation, thus paving the way for the development of new conductive 3D scaffolds potentially useful in the field of electroactive tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Alegret
- Carbon Nanobiotechnology Group , CIC biomaGUNE , Paseo de Miramón 182 , 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Antonio Dominguez-Alfaro
- Carbon Nanobiotechnology Group , CIC biomaGUNE , Paseo de Miramón 182 , 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
- POLYMAT , University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Avenida de Tolosa 72 , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Jose M González-Domínguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA , Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha , 13071 Ciudad Real , Spain
| | - Blanca Arnaiz
- Carbon Nanobiotechnology Group , CIC biomaGUNE , Paseo de Miramón 182 , 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Unai Cossío
- Radioimaging and Image Analysis Platform , CIC biomaGUNE , Paseo de Miramón 182 , 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Susanna Bosi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , INSTM. University of Trieste , Via L. Giorgieri 1 , 34127 Trieste , Italy
| | - Ester Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA , Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha , 13071 Ciudad Real , Spain
| | - Pedro Ramos-Cabrer
- Radioimaging and Image Analysis Platform , CIC biomaGUNE , Paseo de Miramón 182 , 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
- Ikerasque , Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao , Spain
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT , University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Avenida de Tolosa 72 , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
- Ikerasque , Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao , Spain
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Carbon Nanobiotechnology Group , CIC biomaGUNE , Paseo de Miramón 182 , 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , INSTM. University of Trieste , Via L. Giorgieri 1 , 34127 Trieste , Italy
- Ikerasque , Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao , Spain
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8
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Ali AA, Elmahdy MM, Sarhan A, Abdel Hamid MI, Ahmed MT. Structure and dynamics of polypyrrole/chitosan nanocomposites. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa A Ali
- Polymer Laboratory, Physics Department, Faculty of Science; Mansoura University; Mansoura Egypt
| | - Mahdy M Elmahdy
- Biological Advanced Materials Laboratory, Physics Department, Faculty of Science; Mansoura University; Mansoura Egypt
| | - Afaf Sarhan
- Polymer Laboratory, Physics Department, Faculty of Science; Mansoura University; Mansoura Egypt
| | - Maysa I Abdel Hamid
- Polymer Laboratory, Physics Department, Faculty of Science; Mansoura University; Mansoura Egypt
| | - Moustafa T Ahmed
- Polymer Laboratory, Physics Department, Faculty of Science; Mansoura University; Mansoura Egypt
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Baumgartner J, Jönsson JI, Jager EWH. Switchable presentation of cytokines on electroactive polypyrrole surfaces for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:4665-4675. [PMID: 32254411 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00782a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells are used in transplantations for patients with hematologic malignancies. Scarce sources require efficient strategies of expansion, including polymeric biomaterials mimicking architectures of bone marrow tissue. Tissue microenvironment and mode of cytokine presentation strongly influence cell fate. Although several cytokines with different functions as soluble or membrane-bound mediators have already been identified, their precise roles have not yet been clarified. A need exists for in vitro systems that mimic the in vivo situation to enable such studies. One way is to establish surfaces mimicking physiological presentation using protein-immobilization onto polymer films. However these films merely provide a static presentation of the immobilized proteins. It would be advantageous to also dynamically change protein presentation and functionality to better reflect the in vivo conditions. The electroactive polymer polypyrrole shows excellent biocompatibility and electrochemically alters its surface properties, becoming an interesting choice for such setups. Here, we present an in vitro system for switchable presentation of membrane-bound cytokines. We use interleukin IL-3, known to affect hematopoiesis, and show that when immobilized on polypyrrole films, IL-3 is bioavailable for the bone marrow-derived FDC-P1 progenitor cell line. Moreover, IL-3 presentation can be successfully altered by changing the redox state of the film, in turn influencing FDC-P1 cell viability. This novel in vitro system provides a valuable tool for stimuli-responsive switchable protein presentation allowing the dissection of relevant mediators in stem and progenitor cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Baumgartner
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), 581 83 Linköping, Sweden.
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10
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Gao L, Xie C, Du Y, Wang X, Xuan E, Liu X, Zhao Y, Xu J, Luo L. Characterization and antitumor efficacy of poly(L-lactid acid)-based etoposide-loaded implants. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:765-774. [PMID: 28475414 PMCID: PMC8241189 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1321063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Etoposide is widely used in the chemotherapy of a variety of malignancies. But the strong lipophilicity, poor bioavailability, and severe side effects of etoposide limit its clinical application. The aim of this study was to develop sustained-release etoposide-loaded implants and evaluate antitumor activity of the implants after intratumoral implantation. We prepared the implants containing etoposide, poly(L-lactid acid) and polyethylene glycol 4000 by the direct compression method. The implants were characterized regarding drug-excipient compatibility, content uniformity, morphology, sterility, in vitro, and in vivo release profiles. Then the antitumor activity of the implants was tested in xenograft model of A549 human non-small cell lung cancer. SEM images displayed smooth surface of the implant and indicated that etoposide was homogeneously dispersed in the polymeric matrix. The results of content uniformity met the requirements of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Both in vitro and in vivo release profiles of the implants were characterized by high burst release followed by sustained release of etoposide. Intratumoral implantation of etoposide-loaded implants could efficiently delay the tumor growth. Furthermore, increasing the dose of implants led to higher tumor suppression rate without adding systemic toxicity. These results indicated that etoposide-loaded implants have significant antitumor efficacy in xenograft model without dose-limiting side effects and they possess a strong potential to be used as an intratumoral chemotherapy option for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- a State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China.,b School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanqi Xie
- c Laboratory of pharmaceutical research , Anhui Zhongren Science and Technology Co., Ltd , Hefei , People's Republic of China , and
| | - Yuzhi Du
- b School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- c Laboratory of pharmaceutical research , Anhui Zhongren Science and Technology Co., Ltd , Hefei , People's Republic of China , and
| | - Erkang Xuan
- c Laboratory of pharmaceutical research , Anhui Zhongren Science and Technology Co., Ltd , Hefei , People's Republic of China , and
| | - Xiuxiu Liu
- b School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- d Department of Pathology , The Second People's Hospital of Hefei , Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjian Xu
- b School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Luo
- a State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
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Chen J, Li X, Sun Y, Hu Y, Peng Y, Li Y, Yin G, Liu H, Xu J, Zhong S. Synthesis of Size-Tunable Hollow Polypyrrole Nanostructures and Their Assembly into Folate-Targeting and pH-Responsive Anticancer Drug-Delivery Agents. Chemistry 2017; 23:17279-17289. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha Hunan 410083 P.R. China
| | - Xiufang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha Hunan 410083 P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha Hunan 410083 P.R. China
| | - Yuwei Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha Hunan 410083 P.R. China
| | - Yulong Peng
- School of Basic Medical Science; Central South University; Changsha, Hunan 410083 P.R. China
| | - Yimin Li
- School of Basic Medical Science; Central South University; Changsha, Hunan 410083 P.R. China
| | - Gang Yin
- School of Basic Medical Science; Central South University; Changsha, Hunan 410083 P.R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha Hunan 410083 P.R. China
| | - Jiangfeng Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha Hunan 410083 P.R. China
| | - Shian Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha Hunan 410083 P.R. China
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