1
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Sun Y, Ku BJ, Moon MJ. Microstructure of the silk fibroin-based hydrogel scaffolds derived from the orb-web spider Trichonephila clavata. Appl Microsc 2024; 54:3. [PMID: 38336879 PMCID: PMC10858014 DOI: 10.1186/s42649-024-00096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the unique properties of the silk fibroin (SF) made from silkworm, SF-based hydrogels have recently received significant attention for various biomedical applications. However, research on the SF-based hydrogels isolated from spider silks has been rtricted due to the limited collection and preparation of naïve silk materials. Therefore, this study focused on the microstructural characteristics of hydrogel scaffolds derived from two types of woven silk glands: the major ampullate gland (MAG) and the tubuliform gland (TG), in the orb-web spider Trichonephila clavate. We compared these spider glands with those of the silk fibroin (SF) hydrogel scaffold extracted from the cocoon of the insect silkworm Bombyx mori. Our FESEM analysis revealed that the SF hydrogel has high porosity, translucency, and a loose upper structure, with attached SF fibers providing stability. The MAG hydrogel displayed even higher porosity, as well as elongated fibrous structures, and improved mechanical properties: while the TG hydrogel showed increased porosity, ridge-like or wall-like structures, and stable biocapacity formed by physical crosslinking. Due to their powerful and versatile microstructural characteristics, the MAG and TG hydrogels can become tailored substrates, very effective for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Korea
| | - Bon-Jin Ku
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Moon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Korea.
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2
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Kaewchuchuen J, Matthew SAL, Phuagkhaopong S, Bimbo LM, Seib FP. Functionalising silk hydrogels with hetero- and homotypic nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2024; 14:3525-3535. [PMID: 38259992 PMCID: PMC10801455 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07634b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite many reports detailing silk hydrogels, the development of composite silk hydrogels with homotypic and heterotypic silk nanoparticles and their impact on material mechanics and biology have remained largely unexplored. We hypothesise that the inclusion of nanoparticles into silk-based hydrogels enables the formation of homotropic and heterotropic material assemblies. The aim was to explore how well these systems allow tuning of mechanics and cell adhesion to ultimately control the cell-material interface. We utilised nonporous silica nanoparticles as a standard reference and compared them to nanoparticles derived from Bombyx mori silk and Antheraea mylitta (tasar) silk (approximately 100-150 nm in size). Initially, physically cross-linked B. mori silk hydrogels were prepared containing silica, B. mori silk nanoparticles, or tasar silk nanoparticles at concentrations of either 0.05% or 0.5% (w/v). The initial modulus (stiffness) of these nanoparticle-functionalised silk hydrogels was similar. Stress relaxation was substantially faster for nanoparticle-modified silk hydrogels than for unmodified control hydrogels. Increasing the concentrations of B. mori silk and silica nanoparticles slowed stress relaxation, while the opposite trend was observed for hydrogels modified with tasar nanoparticles. Cell attachment was similar for all hydrogels, but proliferation during the initial 24 h was significantly improved with the nanoparticle-modified hydrogels. Overall, this study demonstrates the manufacture and utilisation of homotropic and heterotropic silk hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirada Kaewchuchuen
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde 161 Cathedral Street Glasgow G4 0RE UK
| | - Saphia A L Matthew
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde 161 Cathedral Street Glasgow G4 0RE UK
| | - Suttinee Phuagkhaopong
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde 161 Cathedral Street Glasgow G4 0RE UK
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Luis M Bimbo
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde 161 Cathedral Street Glasgow G4 0RE UK
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, University of Coimbra 3004-504 Coimbra Portugal
- CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Rua Larga, University of Coimbra 3004-504 Coimbra Portugal
| | - F Philipp Seib
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde 161 Cathedral Street Glasgow G4 0RE UK
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology & Applied Ecology Branch Bioresources, Ohlebergsweg 12 35392 Giessen Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Pharmacy Lessingstr. 8 07743 Jena Germany +49 3641 9 499 00
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Xie C, Yang X, Zheng F, Shi J, Huo C, Wang Z, Reis RL, Kundu SC, Xiao B, Duan L. Facilely printed silk fibroin hydrogel microparticles as injectable long-lasting fillers. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:375-386. [PMID: 37997042 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01488f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
There is a high demand from aging people for facial fillers with desirable biocompatibility and lasting filling effects to overcome facial depression. Novel injectable regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) microparticles were facilely printed from a glycidyl methacrylate-modified silk fibroin hydrogel to address this issue. The β-sheet content and mechanical properties of the RSF hydrogel can be simply modulated by the number of freeze-thawing cycles, and the swelling rate of the RSF hydrogel in saline was negligible. The printed RSF microparticles were uniform, and their diameter was about 300-500 μm, which could be adjusted by the pore sizes of the printed screens. After the injection with a 26-gauge needle, the size distribution of RSF microparticles had no noticeable variation, suggesting that the microparticles could bear the shear strain without breaking during the injection. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that RSF not only had desirable biocompatibility but also facilitated fibroblast migration. The subcutaneous injection experiments demonstrated that the RSF microparticles formed a lasting spot in the injected site. The tissue sections revealed that the RSF microparticles were still distinct on week 8, and blood vessels formed around the microparticles. These promising data demonstrate that the printed RSF microparticles have great potential for facial rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Fan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Jiahao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Caixia Huo
- Beijing Green Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Fengtai, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Zuyuan Wang
- Beijing Green Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Fengtai, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3Bs Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Barco 4805-017, Guimaraes, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Subhas C Kundu
- 3Bs Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Barco 4805-017, Guimaraes, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Bo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Lian Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Kaewchuchuen J, Roamcharern N, Phuagkhaopong S, Bimbo LM, Seib FP. Microfibre-Functionalised Silk Hydrogels. Cells 2023; 13:10. [PMID: 38201214 PMCID: PMC10777932 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Silk hydrogels have shown potential for tissue engineering applications, but several gaps and challenges, such as a restricted ability to form hydrogels with tuned mechanics and structural features, still limit their utilisation. Here, Bombyx mori and Antheraea mylitta (Tasar) silk microfibres were embedded within self-assembling B. mori silk hydrogels to modify the bulk hydrogel mechanical properties. This approach is particularly attractive because it creates structured silk hydrogels. First, B. mori and Tasar microfibres were prepared with lengths between 250 and 500 μm. Secondary structure analyses showed high beta-sheet contents of 61% and 63% for B. mori and Tasar microfibres, respectively. Mixing either microfibre type, at either 2% or 10% (w/v) concentrations, into 3% (w/v) silk solutions during the solution-gel transition increased the initial stiffness of the resulting silk hydrogels, with the 10% (w/v) addition giving a greater increase. Microfibre addition also altered hydrogel stress relaxation, with the fastest stress relaxation observed with a rank order of 2% (w/v) > 10% (w/v) > unmodified hydrogels for either fibre type, although B. mori fibres showed a greater effect. The resulting data sets are interesting because they suggest that the presence of microfibres provided potential 'flow points' within these hydrogels. Assessment of the biological responses by monitoring cell attachment onto these two-dimensional hydrogel substrates revealed greater numbers of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iPSC-MSCs) attached to the hydrogels containing 10% (w/v) B. mori microfibres as well as 2% (w/v) and 10% (w/v) Tasar microfibres at 24 h after seeding. Cytoskeleton staining revealed a more elongated and stretched morphology for the cells growing on hydrogels containing Tasar microfibres. Overall, these findings illustrate that hydrogel stiffness, stress relaxation and the iPSC-MSC responses towards silk hydrogels can be tuned using microfibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirada Kaewchuchuen
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK (L.M.B.)
| | - Napaporn Roamcharern
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK (L.M.B.)
| | - Suttinee Phuagkhaopong
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK (L.M.B.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Luis M. Bimbo
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK (L.M.B.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - F. Philipp Seib
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK (L.M.B.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology & Applied Ecology, Branch Bioresources, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
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5
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Song Y, Zhao L, Niu B, Zhao H, Hu Y, Wei Y, Huang D, Wang T, Lian X. The study of self-regulating α-TCP based composite by micro/nano scaled silk fibroin and α-CSH on physicochemical and biological properties of bone cement. J Biomater Appl 2023; 37:1801-1812. [PMID: 37121598 DOI: 10.1177/08853282231172855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel self-hardening α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) bone cement complexed with different content of α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (α-CSH) and micrometer hydroxyapatite mineralized silk fibroin (HA-SF) using micro/SF as curing liquid has been investigated in this work, which was capable of tunable setting time, degradation, mechanical property and ability to anti-washout. After addition 0 ∼ 25% α-CSH to the α-TCP cement with SFFs as curing liquid, it shortened the setting time of the modified composite to 10 ∼ 30 min. Furthermore, the addition of SFFs improved the compressive strength of the composite from 5.41 MPa to 9.44 MPa. The composites with both Na2HPO4 and SFFs as curing liquid showed good anti-collapse performance. The weight loss ratio of bone cement was -0.18 ∼ 12.08% in 4 weeks when the content of α-CSH in α-TCP/α-CSH was between 0 ∼ 25 wt%. During the degradation of α-CSH, the amorphous α-TCP were deposited as hydroxyapatite to formed a plate-like products on the surface of composite. Compared to the composite with Na2HPO4 solution as the curing liquid, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of the composites using SFFs as curing liquid were maintained at high levels on the 14th day especially when the Ca/P ratio was 1.7. This study provides a theoretical basis for the regeneration of bone defects guided by bone cement materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Liqin Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi key Laboratory of material strength and structure impact, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Baolong Niu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Hongyun Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yinchun Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi key Laboratory of material strength and structure impact, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi key Laboratory of material strength and structure impact, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi key Laboratory of material strength and structure impact, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Tongxin Wang
- College of Dentistry, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, United State
| | - XiaoJie Lian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi key Laboratory of material strength and structure impact, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
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6
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Su M, Ruan L, Dong X, Tian S, Lang W, Wu M, Chen Y, Lv Q, Lei L. Current state of knowledge on intelligent-response biological and other macromolecular hydrogels in biomedical engineering: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:472-492. [PMID: 36549612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Because intelligent hydrogels have good biocompatibility, a rapid response, and good degradability as well as a stimulus response mode that is rich, hydrophilic, and similar to the softness and elasticity of living tissue, they have received widespread attention and are widely used in biomedical engineering. In this article, we conduct a systematic review of the use of smart hydrogels in biomedical engineering. First, we introduce the properties and applications of hydrogels and compare the similarities and differences between traditional hydrogels and smart hydrogels. Secondly, we summarize the intelligent hydrogel types, the mechanisms of action used by different hydrogels, and the materials for preparing different types of hydrogels, such as the materials for the preparation of temperature-responsive hydrogels, which mainly include gelatin, carrageenan, agarose, amylose, etc.; summarize the morphologies of different hydrogels, such as films, fibers and microspheres; and summarize the application of smart hydrogels in biomedical engineering, such as for the delivery of proteins, antibiotics, deoxyribonucleic acid, etc. Finally, we summarize the shortcomings of current research and present future prospects for smart hydrogels. The purpose of this paper is to provide researchers engaged in related fields with a systematic review of the application of intelligent hydrogels in biomedical engineering. We hope that they will get some inspiration from this work to provide new directions for the development of related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengrong Su
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Lian Ruan
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Institute of Medicine Nursing, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Shujing Tian
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Wen Lang
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Minhui Wu
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Qizhuang Lv
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin 537000, China.
| | - Lanjie Lei
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Lab of System Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China.
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Geevarghese R, Sajjadi SS, Hudecki A, Sajjadi S, Jalal NR, Madrakian T, Ahmadi M, Włodarczyk-Biegun MK, Ghavami S, Likus W, Siemianowicz K, Łos MJ. Biodegradable and Non-Biodegradable Biomaterials and Their Effect on Cell Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416185. [PMID: 36555829 PMCID: PMC9785373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials for tissue scaffolds are key components in modern tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Targeted reconstructive therapies require a proper choice of biomaterial and an adequate choice of cells to be seeded on it. The introduction of stem cells, and the transdifferentiation procedures, into regenerative medicine opened a new era and created new challenges for modern biomaterials. They must not only fulfill the mechanical functions of a scaffold for implanted cells and represent the expected mechanical strength of the artificial tissue, but furthermore, they should also assure their survival and, if possible, affect their desired way of differentiation. This paper aims to review how modern biomaterials, including synthetic (i.e., polylactic acid, polyurethane, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene terephthalate, ceramics) and natural (i.e., silk fibroin, decellularized scaffolds), both non-biodegradable and biodegradable, could influence (tissue) stem cells fate, regulate and direct their differentiation into desired target somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rency Geevarghese
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Seyedeh Sara Sajjadi
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1971653313, Iran
| | - Andrzej Hudecki
- Łukasiewicz Network-Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, 44-121 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Samad Sajjadi
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1971653313, Iran
| | | | - Tayyebeh Madrakian
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6516738695, Iran
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
| | - Mazaher Ahmadi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6516738695, Iran
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
| | - Małgorzata K. Włodarczyk-Biegun
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Polymer Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Research Institutes of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Wirginia Likus
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Siemianowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (M.J.Ł.); Tel.: +48-32-237-2913 (M.J.Ł.)
| | - Marek J. Łos
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (M.J.Ł.); Tel.: +48-32-237-2913 (M.J.Ł.)
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8
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Kang T, Cho Y, Yuk KM, Yu CY, Choi SH, Byun KM. Fabrication and Characterization of Novel Silk Fiber-Optic SERS Sensor with Uniform Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:9012. [PMID: 36433605 PMCID: PMC9692301 DOI: 10.3390/s22229012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible optical fibers and waveguides are gaining attention as promising platforms for implantable biophotonic devices. Recently, the distinct properties of silk fibroin were extensively explored because of its unique advantages, including flexibility, process compatibility, long-term biosafety, and controllable biodegradability for in vitro and in vivo biomedical applications. In this study, we developed a novel silk fiber for a sensitive optical sensor based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). In contrast to conventional plasmonic nanostructures, which employ expensive and time-consuming fabrication processes, gold nanoparticles were uniformly patterned on the top surface of the fiber employing a simple and cost-effective convective self-assembly technique. The fabricated silk fiber-optic SERS probe presented a good performance in terms of detection limit, sensitivity, and linearity. In particular, the uniform pattern of gold nanoparticles contributed to a highly linear sensing feature compared to the commercial multi-mode fiber sample with an irregular and aggregated distribution of gold nanoparticles. Through further optimization, silk-based fiber-optic probes can function as useful tools for highly sensitive, cost-effective, and easily tailored biophotonic platforms, thereby offering new capabilities for future implantable SERS devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyoung Kang
- Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjun Cho
- Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Min Yuk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Yeong Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Byun
- Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
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9
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Preparation and Characterization of Natural Silk Fibroin Hydrogel for Protein Drug Delivery. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113418. [PMID: 35684356 PMCID: PMC9181960 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, hydrogels have been widely used as drug carriers, especially in the area of protein delivery. The natural silk fibroin produced from cocoons of the Bombyx mori silkworm possesses excellent biocompatibility, significant bioactivity, and biodegradability. Therefore, silk fibroin-based hydrogels are arousing widespread interest in biomedical research. In this study, a process for extracting natural silk fibroin from raw silk textile yarns was established, and three aqueous solutions of silk fibroin with different molecular weight distributions were successfully prepared by controlling the degumming time. Silk fibroin was dispersed in the aqueous solution as “spherical” aggregate particles, and the smaller particles continuously accumulated into large particles. Finally, a silk fibroin hydrogel network was formed. A rheological analysis showed that as the concentration of the silk fibroin hydrogel increased its storage modulus increased significantly. The degradation behavior of silk fibroin hydrogel in different media verified its excellent stability, and the prepared silk fibroin hydrogel had good biocompatibility and an excellent drug-loading capacity. After the protein model drug BSA was loaded, the cumulative drug release within 12 h reached 80%. We hope that these investigations will promote the potential utilities of silk fibroin hydrogels in clinical medicine.
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Zhang X, Hang Y, Ding Z, Xiao L, Cheng W, Lu Q. Macroporous Silk Nanofiber Cryogels with Tunable Properties. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2160-2169. [PMID: 35443774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cryogels are widely used in tissue regeneration due to their porous structures and friendly hydrogel performance. Silk-based cryogels were developed but failed to exhibit desirable tunable properties to adapt various biomedical applications. Here, amorphous short silk nanofibers (SSFs) were introduced to fabricate silk cryogels with versatile cues. Compared to previous silk cryogels, the SSF cryogels prepared under same conditions showed significantly enhanced mechanical properties. The microporous cryogels were achieved under lower silk concentrations, confirming better tunability. Versatile cryogels with the modulus in the range of 0.5-283.7 kPa were developed through adjusting silk concentration and crosslinking conditions, superior to previous silk cryogel systems. Besides better cytocompatibility, the SSF cryogels were endowed with effective mechanical cues to control osteogenetic differentiation behaviors of BMSCs. The mechanical properties could be further regulated finely through the introduction of β-sheet-rich silk nanofibers (SNFs), which suggested possible optimization of mechanical niches. Bioactive cargo-laden SNFs were introduced to the SSF cryogel systems, bringing biochemical signals without the compromise of mechanical properties. Versatile SNF-based cryogels with different physical and biological cues were developed here to facilitate the applications in various tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Hang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaozhao Ding
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Xiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Weinan Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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11
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Baruffaldi D, Palmara G, Pirri C, Frascella F. 3D Cell Culture: Recent Development in Materials with Tunable Stiffness. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2233-2250. [PMID: 35014348 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that three-dimensional cell culture systems simulate physiological conditions better than traditional 2D systems. Although extracellular matrix components strongly modulate cell behavior, several studies underlined the importance of mechanosensing in the control of different cell functions such as growth, proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Human tissues are characterized by different degrees of stiffness, and various pathologies (e.g., tumor or fibrosis) cause changes in the mechanical properties through the alteration of the extracellular matrix structure. Additionally, these modifications have an impact on disease progression and on therapy response. Hence, the development of platforms whose stiffness could be modulated may improve our knowledge of cell behavior under different mechanical stress stimuli. In this review, we have analyzed the mechanical diversity of healthy and diseased tissues, and we have summarized recently developed materials with a wide range of stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Désirée Baruffaldi
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy.,PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy
| | - Gianluca Palmara
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy.,PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy
| | - Candido Pirri
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy.,PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy.,Center for Sustainable Futures@Polito, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Livorno 60, Turin 10144, Italy
| | - Francesca Frascella
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy.,PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy
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12
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Xu G, Ding Z, Lu Q, Zhang X, Zhou X, Xiao L, Lu G, Kaplan DL. Electric field-driven building blocks for introducing multiple gradients to hydrogels. Protein Cell 2020; 11:267-285. [PMID: 32048173 PMCID: PMC7093350 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-020-00692-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gradient biomaterials are considered as preferable matrices for tissue engineering due to better simulation of native tissues. The introduction of gradient cues usually needs special equipment and complex process but is only effective to limited biomaterials. Incorporation of multiple gradients in the hydrogels remains challenges. Here, beta-sheet rich silk nanofibers (BSNF) were used as building blocks to introduce multiple gradients into different hydrogel systems through the joint action of crosslinking and electric field. The blocks migrated to the anode along the electric field and gradually stagnated due to the solution-hydrogel transition of the systems, finally achieving gradient distribution of the blocks in the formed hydrogels. The gradient distribution of the blocks could be tuned easily through changing different factors such as solution viscosity, which resulted in highly tunable gradient of mechanical cues. The blocks were also aligned under the electric field, endowing orientation gradient simultaneously. Different cargos could be loaded on the blocks and form gradient cues through the same crosslinking-electric field strategy. The building blocks could be introduced to various hydrogels such as Gelatin and NIPAM, indicating the universality. Complex niches with multiple gradient cues could be achieved through the strategy. Silk-based hydrogels with suitable mechanical gradients were fabricated to control the osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. Chondrogenic-osteogenic gradient transition was obtained, which stimulated the ectopic osteochondral tissue regeneration in vivo. The versatility and highly controllability of the strategy as well as multifunction of the building blocks reveal the applicability in complex tissue engineering and various interfacial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, 222061, China
| | - Zhaozhao Ding
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Wound Repair Technology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214041, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Wound Repair Technology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214041, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaozhong Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Liying Xiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guozhong Lu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Wound Repair Technology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214041, China.
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
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Ding Z, Lu G, Cheng W, Xu G, Zuo B, Lu Q, Kaplan DL. Tough Anisotropic Silk Nanofiber Hydrogels with Osteoinductive Capacity. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:2357-2367. [PMID: 33455344 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple physical cues such as hierarchical microstructures, topography, and stiffness influence cell fate during tissue regeneration. Yet, introducing multiple physical cues to the same biomaterial remains a challenge. Here, a synergistic cross-linking strategy was developed to fabricate protein hydrogels with multiple physical cues based on combinations of two types of silk nanofibers. β-sheet-rich silk nanofibers (BSNFs) were blended with amorphous silk nanofibers (ASNFs) to form composite nanofiber systems. The composites were transformed into tough hydrogels through horseradish peroxidase (HRP) cross-linking in an electric field, where ASNFs were cross-linked with HRP, while BSNFs were aligned by the electrical field. Anisotropic morphologies and higher stiffness of 120 kPa were achieved. These anisotropic hydrogels induced osteogenic differentiation and the aligned aggregation of stem cells in vitro while also exhibiting osteoinductive capacity in vivo. Improved tissue outcomes with the hydrogels suggest promising applications in bone tissue engineering, as the processing strategy described here provides options to form hydrogels with multiple physical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhao Ding
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozhong Lu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214041, People's Republic of China
| | - Weinan Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang 222061, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoqi Zuo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China.,Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214041, People's Republic of China
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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