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Chen Z, Yue Z, Yang K, Shen C, Cheng Z, Zhou X, Li S. Four Ounces Can Move a Thousand Pounds: The Enormous Value of Nanomaterials in Tumor Immunotherapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300882. [PMID: 37539730 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The application of nanomaterials in healthcare has emerged as a promising strategy due to their unique structural diversity, surface properties, and compositional diversity. In particular, nanomaterials have found a significant role in improving drug delivery and inhibiting the growth and metastasis of tumor cells. Moreover, recent studies have highlighted their potential in modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) and enhancing the activity of immune cells to improve tumor therapy efficacy. Various types of nanomaterials are currently utilized as drug carriers, immunosuppressants, immune activators, immunoassay reagents, and more for tumor immunotherapy. Necessarily, nanomaterials used for tumor immunotherapy can be grouped into two categories: organic and inorganic nanomaterials. Though both have shown the ability to achieve the purpose of tumor immunotherapy, their composition and structural properties result in differences in their mechanisms and modes of action. Organic nanomaterials can be further divided into organic polymers, cell membranes, nanoemulsion-modified, and hydrogel forms. At the same time, inorganic nanomaterials can be broadly classified as nonmetallic and metallic nanomaterials. The current work aims to explore the mechanisms of action of these different types of nanomaterials and their prospects for promoting tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyin Chen
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 100029, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ziqi Yue
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Harbin Medical University, 150001, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Kaiqi Yang
- Clinical Medicine, Harbin Medical University, 150001, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Congrong Shen
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 100029, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Cheng
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Harbin Medical University, 150001, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 100029, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shenglong Li
- Second Ward of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, 110042, Shenyang, P. R. China
- The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research on Gastrointestinal Tumor Combining Medicine with Engineering, Shenyang, 110042, China
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2
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Walters AA, Ali A, Wang JTW, Al-Jamal KT. Anti-tumor antibody isotype response can be modified with locally administered immunoadjuvants. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:2032-2040. [PMID: 36417163 PMCID: PMC10238356 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01258-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In situ vaccination with immunostimulatory compounds is a demonstrated means to treat tumors preclinically. While these therapeutic effects have been attributed to the actions of T cells or innate immune activation, characterisation of the humoral immune response is seldom performed. This study aims to identify whether the injection of immunoadjuvants, Addavax (Adda) and cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG), intratumorally can influence the antibody response. Specifically, whether intratumoral injection of immunoadjuvants can alter the tumor-specific antibody target, titre and isotype. Following this, the study aimed to investigate whether serum obtained from in situ vaccinated mice could neutralise circulating tumor cells. Serum was obtained from mice bearing B16F10-OVA-Luc-GFP tumors treated with immunoadjuvants. Antibody targets' titre and isotype were assessed by indirect ELISA. The ability of serum to neutralise circulating cancer cells was evaluated in a B16F10 pseudo-metastatic model. It was observed that tumor-bearing mice mount a specific anti-tumor antibody response. Antibody titre and target were unaffected by in situ vaccination with immunoadjuvants; however, a higher amount of IgG2c was produced in mice receiving Adda plus CpG. Serum from in situ vaccinated mice was unable to neutralise circulating B16F10 cells. Thus, this study has demonstrated that anti-tumor antibody isotype may be modified using in situ vaccination; however, this alone is not sufficient to neutralise circulating cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A Walters
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Abrar Ali
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Julie Tzu-Wen Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Khuloud T Al-Jamal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
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3
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Chang J, Yu B, Saltzman WM, Girardi M. Nanoparticles as a Therapeutic Delivery System for Skin Cancer Prevention and Treatment. JID INNOVATIONS 2023; 3:100197. [PMID: 37205301 PMCID: PMC10186617 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2023.100197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of nanoparticles (NPs) as a therapeutic delivery system has expanded markedly over the past decade, particularly regarding applications targeting the skin. The delivery of NP-based therapeutics to the skin requires special consideration owing to its role as both a physical and immunologic barrier, and specific technologies must not only take into consideration the target but also the pathway of delivery. The unique challenge this poses has been met with the development of a wide panel of NP-based technologies meant to precisely address these considerations. In this review article, we describe the application of NP-based technologies for drug delivery targeting the skin, summarize the types of NPs, and discuss the current landscape of NPs for skin cancer prevention and skin cancer treatment as well as future directions within these applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungsoo Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Beverly Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - W. Mark Saltzman
- Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael Girardi
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Yang X, Wei Y, Zheng L, You J, Li H, Gao L, Gong C, Yi C. Polyethyleneimine-based immunoadjuvants for designing cancer vaccines. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:8166-8180. [PMID: 36217765 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01358d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive efforts to improve the effectiveness of cancer vaccines, the lack of immunogenicity remains an issue. Adjuvants are required to enhance the immunogenicity of antigens and activate the immune response. However, only a few adjuvants with acceptable toxicity have sufficient potency for use in cancer vaccines, necessitating the discovery of potent adjuvants. The most well-known cationic polymer polyethyleneimine (PEI) acts as a carrier for delivering antigens, and as an immunoadjuvant for enhancing the innate and adaptive immunity. In this review, we have summarized PEI-based adjuvants and discussed how to improve and boost the immune response to vaccines. We further focused on PEI-based adjuvants in cancer vaccines. Finally, we have proposed the potential challenges and future issues of PEI-based adjuvants to elicit the effectiveness of cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Division of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yuanfeng Wei
- Division of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Lingnan Zheng
- Division of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jia You
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Huawei Li
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Health Ward, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changyang Gong
- Division of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Cheng Yi
- Division of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Huang L, Ge X, Liu Y, Li H, Zhang Z. The Role of Toll-like Receptor Agonists and Their Nanomedicines for Tumor Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061228. [PMID: 35745800 PMCID: PMC9230510 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of pattern recognition receptors that play a critical role in innate and adaptive immunity. Toll-like receptor agonists (TLRa) as vaccine adjuvant candidates have become one of the recent research hotspots in the cancer immunomodulatory field. Nevertheless, numerous current systemic deliveries of TLRa are inappropriate for clinical adoption due to their low efficiency and systemic adverse reactions. TLRa-loaded nanoparticles are capable of ameliorating the risk of immune-related toxicity and of strengthening tumor suppression and eradication. Herein, we first briefly depict the patterns of TLRa, followed by the mechanism of agonists at those targets. Second, we summarize the emerging applications of TLRa-loaded nanomedicines as state-of-the-art strategies to advance cancer immunotherapy. Additionally, we outline perspectives related to the development of nanomedicine-based TLRa combined with other therapeutic modalities for malignancies immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hui Li
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (Z.Z.)
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Foglizzo V, Marchiò S. Nanoparticles as Physically- and Biochemically-Tuned Drug Formulations for Cancers Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102473. [PMID: 35626078 PMCID: PMC9139219 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Conventional antitumor drugs have limitations, including poor water solubility and lack of targeting capability, with consequent non-specific distribution, systemic toxicity, and low therapeutic index. Nanotechnology promises to overcome these drawbacks by exploiting the physical properties of diverse nanocarriers that can be linked to moieties with binding selectivity for cancer cells. The use of nanoparticles as therapeutic formulations allows a targeted delivery and a slow, controlled release of the drug(s), making them tunable modules for applications in precision medicine. In addition, nanoparticles are also being developed as cancer vaccines, offering an opportunity to increase both cellular and humoral immunity, thus providing a new weapon to beat cancer. Abstract Malignant tumors originate from a combination of genetic alterations, which induce activation of oncogenes and inactivation of oncosuppressor genes, ultimately resulting in uncontrolled growth and neoplastic transformation. Chemotherapy prevents the abnormal proliferation of cancer cells, but it also affects the entire cellular network in the human body with heavy side effects. For this reason, the ultimate aim of cancer therapy remains to selectively kill cancer cells while sparing their normal counterparts. Nanoparticle formulations have the potential to achieve this aim by providing optimized drug delivery to a pathological site with minimal accumulation in healthy tissues. In this review, we will first describe the characteristics of recently developed nanoparticles and how their physical properties and targeting functionalization are exploited depending on their therapeutic payload, route of delivery, and tumor type. Second, we will analyze how nanoparticles can overcome multidrug resistance based on their ability to combine different therapies and targeting moieties within a single formulation. Finally, we will discuss how the implementation of these strategies has led to the generation of nanoparticle-based cancer vaccines as cutting-edge instruments for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Foglizzo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Serena Marchiò
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-01199333239
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7
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Xu Y, Ma S, Zhao J, Chen H, Si X, Huang Z, Yu Z, Song W, Tang Z, Chen X. Mannan-decorated pathogen-like polymeric nanoparticles as nanovaccine carriers for eliciting superior anticancer immunity. Biomaterials 2022; 284:121489. [PMID: 35364489 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Using nanotechnology for cancer vaccine design holds great promise because of the intrinsic feature of nanoparticles in being captured by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). However, there are still obstacles in current nanovaccine systems in achieving efficient tumor therapeutic effects, which could partially be attributed to the unsatisfactory vaccine carrier design. Herein, we report a mannan-decorated pathogen-like polymeric nanoparticle as a protein vaccine carrier for eliciting robust anticancer immunity. This nanovaccine was constructed as a core-shell structure with mannan as the shell, polylactic acid-polyethylenimine (PLA-PEI) assembled nanoparticle as the core, and protein antigens and Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist CpG absorbed onto the PLA-PEI core via electrostatic interactions. Compared to other hydrophilic materials, mannan decoration could greatly enhance the lymph node draining ability of the nanovaccine and promote the capturing by the CD8+ dendritic cells (DCs) in the lymph node, while PLA-PEI as the inner core could enhance antigen endosome escape thus promoting the antigen cross-presentation. In addition, mannan itself as a TLR4 agonist could synergize with CpG for maximally activating the DCs. Excitingly, we observed in several murine tumor models that using this nanovaccine alone could elicit robust immune response in vivo and result in superior anti-tumor effects with 50% of mice completely cured. This study strongly evidenced that mannan decoration and a rationally designed nanovaccine system could be quite robust in tumor vaccine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China; Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Sheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China; Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Jiayu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Xinghui Si
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Zichao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Zhentao Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Wantong Song
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China; Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun, 130022, China.
| | - Zhaohui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun, 130022, China
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8
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Shahgolzari M, Fiering S. Emerging Potential of Plant Virus Nanoparticles (PVNPs) in Anticancer Immunotherapies. JOURNAL OF CANCER IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 4:22-29. [PMID: 35600219 PMCID: PMC9121906 DOI: 10.33696/cancerimmunol.4.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies using plant virus nanoparticles (PVNPs) have achieved considerable success in preclinical studies. PVNP based nanoplatforms can be endogenous immune adjuvants and act as nanocarriers that stabilize and deliver cancer antigens and exogenous immune adjuvants. Although they do not infect mammalian cells, PVNPs are viruses and they are variably recognized by pathogen pattern recognition receptors (PRR), activate innate immune cells including antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and increase the expression of costimulatory molecules. Novel immunotherapy strategies use them as in situ vaccines (ISV) that can effectively inhibit tumor growth after intratumoral administration and generate expanded systemic antitumor immunity. PVNPs combined with other tumor immunotherapeutic options and other modalities of oncotherapy can improve both local and systemic anti-tumor immune responses. While not yet in clinical trials in humans, there is accelerating interest and research of the potential of PVNPs for ISV immune therapy for cancer. Thus, antitumor efficacy of PVNPs by themselves, or loaded with soluble toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists and/or cancer antigens, will likely enter human trials over the next few years and potentially contribute to next-generation antitumor immune-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shahgolzari
- Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies in Medicine, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Steven Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, United States
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
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9
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Li K, Zhang Z, Mei Y, Li M, Yang Q, WU Q, Yang H, HE LIANGCAN, Liu S. Targeting innate immune system by nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:1709-1733. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02818a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Various cancer therapies have advanced remarkably over the past decade. Unlike the direct therapeutic targeting of tumor cells, cancer immunotherapy is a new strategy that boosts the host's immune system...
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10
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Yu Z, Xu Y, Yao H, Si X, Ji G, Dong S, Zhao J, Tang Z, Fang X, Song W, Chen X. A simple and general strategy for postsurgical personalized cancer vaccine therapy based on an injectable dynamic covalent hydrogel. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:6879-6888. [PMID: 34505857 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01000j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines artificially stimulate the immune system against cancer and are considered the most promising treatment of cancer. However, the current progress in vaccine research against cancer is still limited and slow, partially due to the difficulties in identifying and obtaining tumor-specific antigens. Considering surgery as the first choice for tumor treatment in most cases, the authors evaluated whether the resected tumor can be directly used as a source of tumor antigens for designing personalized cancer vaccines. Based on this idea, herein, the authors report a dynamic covalent hydrogel-based vaccine (DCHVax) for personalized postsurgical management of tumors. The study uses proteins extracted from the resected tumor as antigens, CpG as the adjuvant, and a multi-armed poly(ethylene glycol) (8-arm PEG)/oxidized dextran (ODEX) dynamically cross-linked hydrogel as the matrix. Subcutaneous injection of DCHVax recruits dendritic cells to the matrix in situ and elicits robust tumor-specific immune responses. Thus, it effectively inhibits the postoperative growth of the residual tumor in several murine tumor models. This simple and personalized method to develop cancer vaccines may be promising in developing clinically relevant strategies for postoperative cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentao Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Road, Changchun 130033, China. .,Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Road, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Yudi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Road, Changchun 130022, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haochen Yao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Road, Changchun 130022, China. .,Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xinghui Si
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Road, Changchun 130022, China. .,Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Guofeng Ji
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Road, Changchun 130033, China. .,Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Road, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Si Dong
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Road, Changchun 130022, China. .,College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jiayu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Road, Changchun 130022, China. .,University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhaohui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Road, Changchun 130022, China. .,Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun, 130022, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xuedong Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Road, Changchun 130033, China.
| | - Wantong Song
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Road, Changchun 130022, China. .,Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Road, Changchun 130022, China. .,Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun, 130022, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
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11
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Fu L, Zhou X, He C. Polymeric Nanosystems for Immunogenic Cell Death-Based Cancer Immunotherapy. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100075. [PMID: 33885225 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has pointed out a scientific and promising direction for cancer treatment through the rouse of immunosurveillance and the decrease of possible side effects in recent years. In immunotherapy, immunogenic cancer cell death (ICD) plays a critical role in regulating anti-cancer immune system in vivo via the release of damage-associated molecular patterns. ICD can not only induce in situ cancer cells apoptosis, but also arouse the immune response against metastatic tumors, which is of great clinical significance to eradicate tumors. In cancer immunotherapy, polymer nanoparticles have drawn increasing attention as an important component of ICD-based immunotherapy attributing to their controllable size, excellent biocompatibility, promising ability of protecting cargo from surrounding environment, which delivers the antigens or immune inducers to antigen-presenting cells, and further triggers sinnvoll T cell response. In this review, the recent advances in the development of polymeric material-based nanosystems for ICD-mediated cancer immunotherapy are summarized. The mechanism of ICD and some current restrictions inhibiting the efficiency of immunotherapy and future prospects are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Chuanglong He
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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12
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Cui L, Wang X, Zhang D. TLRs as a Promise Target Along With Immune Checkpoint Against Gastric Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:611444. [PMID: 33469538 PMCID: PMC7813757 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.611444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, and the incidence of gastric cancer in Asia appears to increase in recent years. Although there is a lot of improvement in treatment approaches, the prognosis of GC is poor. So it is urgent to search for a novel and more effective treatment to improve the survival rate of patients. Both innate immunity and adaptive immunity are important in cancer. In the innate immune system, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) activate immune responses by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Many studies have reported that TLRs are involved in the occurrence, development, and treatment of GC. Therefore, TLRs are potential targets for immunotherapy to gastric cancer. However, gastric cancer is a heterogeneous disorder, and TLRs function in GC is complex. TLRs agonists can be potentially used not only as therapeutic agents to treat gastric cancer but also as adjuvants in conjunction with other immunotherapies. They might provide a promising new target for GC treatment. In the review, we sort out the mechanism of TLRs involved in tumor immunity and summarize the current progress in TLRs-based therapeutic approaches and other immunotherapies in the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuqing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dekai Zhang
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, United States
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13
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Burn OK, Prasit KK, Hermans IF. Modulating the Tumour Microenvironment by Intratumoural Injection of Pattern Recognition Receptor Agonists. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3824. [PMID: 33352882 PMCID: PMC7765936 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Signalling through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) leads to strong proinflammatory responses, enhancing the activity of antigen presenting cells and shaping adaptive immune responses against tumour associated antigens. Unfortunately, toxicities associated with systemic administration of these agonists have limited their clinical use to date. Direct injection of PRR agonists into the tumour can enhance immune responses by directly modulating the cells present in the tumour microenvironment. This can improve local antitumour activity, but importantly, also facilitates systemic responses that limit tumour growth at distant sites. As such, this form of therapy could be used clinically where metastatic tumour lesions are accessible, or as neoadjuvant therapy. In this review, we summarise current preclinical data on intratumoural administration of PRR agonists, including new strategies to optimise delivery and impact, and combination studies with current and promising new cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia K. Burn
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box 7060, Wellington 6042, New Zealand; (O.K.B.); (K.K.P.)
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1042, New Zealand
| | - Kef K. Prasit
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box 7060, Wellington 6042, New Zealand; (O.K.B.); (K.K.P.)
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1042, New Zealand
| | - Ian F. Hermans
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box 7060, Wellington 6042, New Zealand; (O.K.B.); (K.K.P.)
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1042, New Zealand
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