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Zotov V, Vijjamarri S, Mousavi SD, Du G. Poly(silyl ether)s as Degradable and Sustainable Materials: Synthesis and Applications. Molecules 2024; 29:1498. [PMID: 38611778 PMCID: PMC11013004 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymer research is currently focused on sustainable and degradable polymers which are cheap, easy to synthesize, and environmentally friendly. Silicon-based polymers are thermally stable and can be utilized in various applications, such as columns and coatings. Poly(silyl ether)s (PSEs) are an interesting class of silicon-based polymers that are easily hydrolyzed in either acidic or basic conditions due to the presence of the silyl ether Si-O-C bond. Synthetically, these polymers can be formed in several different ways, and the most effective and environmentally friendly synthesis is dehydrogenative cross coupling, where the byproduct is H2 gas. These polymers have a lot of promise in the polymeric materials field due to their sustainability, thermal stability, hydrolytic degradability, and ease of synthesis, with nontoxic byproducts. In this review, we will summarize the synthetic approaches for the PSEs in the recent literature, followed by the properties and applications of these materials. A conclusion and perspective will be provided at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guodong Du
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA; (V.Z.); (S.V.)
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Ajvazi E, Bauer F, Strasser P, Brüggemann O, Preuer R, Kracalik M, Hild S, Abbasi M, Graz I, Teasdale I. Inorganic Bottlebrush and Comb Polymers as a Platform for Supersoft, Solvent-Free Elastomers. ACS POLYMERS AU 2024; 4:56-65. [PMID: 38371734 PMCID: PMC10870749 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.3c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Due to their unique rheological and mechanical properties, bottlebrush polymers are inimitable components of biological and synthetic systems such as cartilage and ultrasoft elastomers. However, while their rheological properties can be precisely controlled through their macromolecular structures, the current chemical spectrum available is limited to a handful of synthetic polymers with aliphatic carbon backbones. Herein we design and synthesize a series of inorganic bottlebrush polymers based on a unique combination of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polyphosphazene (PPz) chemistry. This non-carbon-based platform allows for simple variation of the significant architectural dimensions of bottlebrush-polymer-based elastomers. Grafting PDMS to PPz and vice versa also allows us to further exploit the unique properties of these polymers combined in a single material. These novel hybrid bottlebrush polymers were cured to give supersoft, solvent-free elastomers. We systematically studied the effect of architectural parameters and chemical functionality on their rheological properties. Besides forming supersoft elastomers, the energy dissipation characteristics of the elastomers were observed to be considerably higher than those for PDMS-based elastomers. Hence this work introduces a robust synthetic platform for solvent-free supersoft elastomers with potential applications as biomimetic damping materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edip Ajvazi
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University
Linz, Altenberger Straße
69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Christian
Doppler Laboratory for Soft Structures for Vibration Isolation and
Impact Protection (ADAPT), School of Education, STEM Education, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Felix Bauer
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University
Linz, Altenberger Straße
69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Paul Strasser
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University
Linz, Altenberger Straße
69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Oliver Brüggemann
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University
Linz, Altenberger Straße
69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Rene Preuer
- Christian
Doppler Laboratory for Soft Structures for Vibration Isolation and
Impact Protection (ADAPT), School of Education, STEM Education, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Milan Kracalik
- Institute
of Polymer Science, Johannes Kepler University
Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Sabine Hild
- Institute
of Polymer Science, Johannes Kepler University
Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Mahdi Abbasi
- Borealis
Polyolefine GmbH, Innovation Headquarters, St.-Peter-Straße 25, 4021 Linz, Austria
| | - Ingrid Graz
- Christian
Doppler Laboratory for Soft Structures for Vibration Isolation and
Impact Protection (ADAPT), School of Education, STEM Education, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University
Linz, Altenberger Straße
69, 4040 Linz, Austria
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Brito J, Moon J, Hlushko R, Aliakseyeu A, Andrianov AK, Sukhishvili SA. Engineering Degradation Rate of Polyphosphazene-Based Layer-by-Layer Polymer Coatings. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:26. [PMID: 38391879 PMCID: PMC10889497 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Degradable layer-by-layer (LbL) polymeric coatings have distinct advantages over traditional biomedical coatings due to their precision of assembly, versatile inclusion of bioactive molecules, and conformality to the complex architectures of implantable devices. However, controlling the degradation rate while achieving biocompatibility has remained a challenge. This work employs polyphosphazenes as promising candidates for film assembly due to their inherent biocompatibility, tunability of chemical composition, and the buffering capability of degradation products. The degradation of pyrrolidone-functionalized polyphosphazenes was monitored in solution, complexes and LbL coatings (with tannic acid), providing the first to our knowledge comparison of solution-state degradation to solid-state LbL degradation. In all cases, the rate of degradation accelerated in acidic conditions. Importantly, the tunability of the degradation rate of polyphosphazene-based LbL films was achieved by varying film assembly conditions. Specifically, by slightly increasing the ionization of tannic acid (near neutral pH), we introduce electrostatic "defects" to the hydrogen-bonded pairs that accelerate film degradation. Finally, we show that replacing the pyrrolidone side group with a carboxylic acid moiety greatly reduces the degradation rate of the LbL coatings. In practical applications, these coatings have the versatility to serve as biocompatible platforms for various biomedical applications and controlled release systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Brito
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA
| | - Junho Moon
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA
| | - Raman Hlushko
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Aliaksei Aliakseyeu
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Alexander K Andrianov
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Svetlana A Sukhishvili
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA
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