1
|
Aarsen C, Liguori A, Mattsson R, Sipponen MH, Hakkarainen M. Designed to Degrade: Tailoring Polyesters for Circularity. Chem Rev 2024; 124:8473-8515. [PMID: 38936815 PMCID: PMC11240263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
A powerful toolbox is needed to turn the linear plastic economy into circular. Development of materials designed for mechanical recycling, chemical recycling, and/or biodegradation in targeted end-of-life environment are all necessary puzzle pieces in this process. Polyesters, with reversible ester bonds, are already forerunners in plastic circularity: poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is the most recycled plastic material suitable for mechanical and chemical recycling, while common aliphatic polyesters are biodegradable under favorable conditions, such as industrial compost. However, this circular design needs to be further tailored for different end-of-life options to enable chemical recycling under greener conditions and/or rapid enough biodegradation even under less favorable environmental conditions. Here, we discuss molecular design of the polyester chain targeting enhancement of circularity by incorporation of more easily hydrolyzable ester bonds, additional dynamic bonds, or degradation catalyzing functional groups as part of the polyester chain. The utilization of polyester circularity to design replacement materials for current volume plastics is also reviewed as well as embedment of green catalysts, such as enzymes in biodegradable polyester matrices to facilitate the degradation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celine
V. Aarsen
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 58, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Liguori
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 58, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department
of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rebecca Mattsson
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 58, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mika H. Sipponen
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106
91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Minna Hakkarainen
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 58, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiang Y, Zhu H, Chen J, Ma Q, Liao S. Linear Cyclobutane-Containing Polymer Synthesis via [2 + 2] Photopolymerization in an Unconfined Environment under Visible Light. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:1336-1342. [PMID: 36394547 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The [2 + 2] photopolymerization of diolefinic monomers is an appealing approach for the construction of polymeric materials. Herein, we demonstrate that the establishment of an effective donor-acceptor conjugation by introducing electron-donating alkoxy groups at appropriate positions of the benzene ring could activate p-phenylenediacrylate (PDA), thus enabling the development of the first solution [2 + 2] photopolymerization of such monomers under the irradiation of visible light. Variation on the alkoxy groups and the ester parts could allow access to a series of linear cyclobutane-containing polymer products with high molecular weight (up to 140 kDa) and good solubility in common solvents. Further, temporal control and postpolymerization modification with preinstalled pendant C═C bonds via thiol-ene click reaction are also demonstrated with this [2 + 2] photopolymerization system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jianxu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bruzon DA, De Jesus AP, Bautista CD, Martinez IS, Paderes MC, Tapang GA. Enhanced photo-reactivity of polyanthracene in the VIS region. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271280. [PMID: 35802661 PMCID: PMC9269904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The wavelength-dependent photo-reactivity of polyanthracene was explored upon UV-C and VIS light irradiation. The material was prepared via one-pot chemical oxidation route using FeCl3 as oxidizing agent. A decrease in surface hydrophobicity of a polyanthracene-coated poly(methylmethacrylate) substrate from 109.11° to 60.82° was observed upon UV-C exposure for 48 hrs which was attributed to increase in oxygen content at the surface, as validated by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Upon exposure to ultraviolet-visible LEDs, photo-dimerization of polyanthracene in solution occurred and was monitored using UV-VIS spectroscopy. The photo-dimer product formation decreased from 381 nm to 468 nm and was found to be higher for the polyanthracene material compared to the monomer anthracene. At 381 nm, photo-dimerization of the material was found to be approx. 4x more efficient than the non-substituted monomer counterpart. Results obtained show that photo-dimerization of polyanthracene will proceed upon exposure with visible light LEDs with reduction in efficiency at longer wavelengths. To compensate, irradiation power of the light source and irradiation time were increased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dwight Angelo Bruzon
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Pamela De Jesus
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Chris Dion Bautista
- National Institute of Physics, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Imee Su Martinez
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Monissa C. Paderes
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Giovanni A. Tapang
- National Institute of Physics, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Z, Li J, Pan X, Zhang Z, Zhu J. Catalyst-Free, Visible-Light-Induced Step-Growth Polymerization by a Photo-RAFT Single-Unit Monomer Insertion Reaction. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:230-235. [PMID: 35574774 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced polymerization is an attractive technique with the advantages of easy operation, mild conditions, and excellent temporospatial controllability. However, the application of this technique in step-growth polymerization is highly challenging. Here, we present a catalyst-free, visible-light-induced step-growth polymerization method utilizing a photo-RAFT single-unit monomer insertion reaction between the xanthate and vinyl ether groups. Benefitting from this reaction, a pendant cationic RAFT agent can be generated in each repeating unit of the polymer backbone. Both cationic and radical side chain extensions were successfully realized, providing a facile approach for the postpolymerization of step-growth polymers for the development of various functional polymeric materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiangqiang Pan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Tang Q, Zhang Z, Gong J, Zhao Q. UV-induced room temperature synthesis of microporous ladder polymers with efficient photosensitization. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.104362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
7
|
Bonneaud C, Decostanzi M, Burgess J, Trusiano G, Burgess T, Bongiovanni R, Joly-Duhamel C, Friesen CM. Synthesis of α,β-unsaturated esters of perfluoropolyalkylethers (PFPAEs) based on hexafluoropropylene oxide units for photopolymerization. RSC Adv 2018; 8:32664-32671. [PMID: 35547709 PMCID: PMC9086334 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06354k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
α,β-unsaturated esters are usually synthesized for polymer applications. However, the addition of maleate (cis-configuration) to a fluorinated moiety is challenging due to its potential isomerization during esterification. Various synthetic routes were attempted and led to very low conversion or side-products. The immiscibility of both reagents combined with an easy isomerization or attack on the double bond were potential explanations. In this paper, the synthesis of maleates oligo(hexafluoropropylene oxide) is reported by Steglich esterification and the reaction conditions are discussed depending on the molecular weight of the fluorinated moieties. After UV-curing, hydrophobic polymers were obtained by copolymerization with vinyl ethers by electron acceptor-donor systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Bonneaud
- Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires, Institut Charles Gerhardt, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (UMR5253-CNRS) 240 Avenue Prof Emile Jeanbrau 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Mélanie Decostanzi
- Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires, Institut Charles Gerhardt, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (UMR5253-CNRS) 240 Avenue Prof Emile Jeanbrau 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Julia Burgess
- Trinity Western University, Department of Chemistry 7600 Glover Road, Langley British Columbia V2Y 1Y1 Canada
| | - Giuseppe Trusiano
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino 10128 Torino Italy
| | - Trevor Burgess
- Trinity Western University, Department of Chemistry 7600 Glover Road, Langley British Columbia V2Y 1Y1 Canada
| | - Roberta Bongiovanni
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino 10128 Torino Italy
| | - Christine Joly-Duhamel
- Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires, Institut Charles Gerhardt, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (UMR5253-CNRS) 240 Avenue Prof Emile Jeanbrau 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Chadron M Friesen
- Trinity Western University, Department of Chemistry 7600 Glover Road, Langley British Columbia V2Y 1Y1 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Baysak E, Tunca U, Hizal G, Durmaz H. Preparation of linear and hyperbranched fluorinated poly(aryl ether-thioether) through para
-fluoro-thiol click reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Baysak
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Umit Tunca
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Gurkan Hizal
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Hakan Durmaz
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Agar S, Baysak E, Hizal G, Tunca U, Durmaz H. An emerging post-polymerization modification technique: The promise of thiol-para-fluoro click reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soykan Agar
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Elif Baysak
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Gurkan Hizal
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Umit Tunca
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Hakan Durmaz
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tunca U. Professor Yusuf Yagci at the Age of 65: Still Far Away from Retirement. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|