1
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Zaborniak I, Pieńkowska N, Chmielarz P, Bartosz G, Dziedzic A, Sadowska-Bartosz I. Nitroxide-containing amphiphilic polymers prepared by simplified electrochemically mediated ATRP as candidates for therapeutic antioxidants. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
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2
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Zaborniak I, Sroka M, Chmielarz P. Lemonade as a rich source of antioxidants: Polymerization of 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate in lemon extract. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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3
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Flejszar M, Ślusarczyk K, Chmielarz P, Wolski K, Isse AA, Gennaro A, Wytrwal-Sarna M, Oszajca M. Working electrode geometry effect: A new concept for fabrication of patterned polymer brushes via SI-seATRP at ambient conditions. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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4
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A New Protocol for Ash Wood Modification: Synthesis of Hydrophobic and Antibacterial Brushes from the Wood Surface. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030890. [PMID: 35164156 PMCID: PMC8840146 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The article presents the modification of ash wood via surface initiated activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization mediated by elemental silver (Ag0 SI-ARGET ATRP) at a diminished catalyst concentration. Ash wood is functionalized with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) to yield wood grafted with PMMA-b-PDMAEMA-Br copolymers with hydrophobic and antibacterial properties. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy confirmed the covalent incorporation of functional ATRP initiation sites and polymer chains into the wood structure. The polymerization kinetics was followed by the analysis of the polymer grown in solution from the sacrificial initiator by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The polymer layer covalently attached to the wood surface was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The hydrophobic properties of hybrid materials were confirmed by water contact angle measurements. Water and sodium chloride salt aqueous solution uptake tests confirmed a significant improvement in resistance to the absorption of wood samples after modification with polymers. Antibacterial tests revealed that wood-QPDMAEMA-Br, as well as wood-PMMA-b-QPDMAEMA-Br, exhibited higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) in comparison with Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). The paper presents an economic concept with ecological aspects of improving wood properties, which gives great opportunities to use the proposed approach in the production of functional hybrid materials for industry and high quality sports equipment, and in furniture production.
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5
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Surmacz K, Błoniarz P, Chmielarz P. Coffee Beverage: A New Strategy for the Synthesis of Polymethacrylates via ATRP. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030840. [PMID: 35164104 PMCID: PMC8840111 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffee, the most popular beverage in the 21st century society, was tested as a reaction environment for activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP) without an additional reducing agent. Two blends were selected: pure Arabica beans and a proportional blend of Arabica and Robusta beans. The use of the solution received from the mixture with Robusta obtained a high molecular weight polymer product in a short time while maintaining a controlled structure of the synthesized product. Various monomers with hydrophilic characteristics, i.e., 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA500), and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), were polymerized. The proposed concept was carried out at different concentrations of coffee grounds, followed by the determination of the molar concentration of caffeine in applied beverages using DPV and HPLC techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Surmacz
- Doctoral School of Engineering and Technical Sciences, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 8, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Paweł Błoniarz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Paweł Chmielarz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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6
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Zhao B, Pashley-Johnson F, Jones BA, Wilson P. Aqueous electrochemically-triggered atom transfer radical polymerization. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5741-5749. [PMID: 35694359 PMCID: PMC9116290 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01832b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Simplified electrochemical atom transfer radical polymerization (seATRP) using CuII–N-propyl pyridineimine complexes (CuII(NPPI)2) is reported for the first time. In aqueous solution, using oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA), standard electrolysis conditions yield POEGMA with good control over molecular weight distribution (Đm < 1.35). Interestingly, the polymerizations are not under complete electrochemical control, as monomer conversion continues when electrolysis is halted. Alternatively, it is shown that the extent and rate of polymerization depends upon an initial period of electrolysis. Thus, it is proposed that seATRP using CuII(NPPI)2 follows an electrochemically-triggered, rather than electrochemically mediated, ATRP mechanism, which distinguishes them from other CuIIL complexes that have been previously reported in the literature. Simplified electrochemical atom transfer radical polymerization (seATRP) using CuII-pyridineimine complexes is reported and follows a previously unreported electrochemically triggered mechanism.![]()
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7
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Flejszar M, Chmielarz P, Gießl M, Wolski K, Smenda J, Zapotoczny S, Cölfen H. A new opportunity for the preparation of PEEK-based bone implant materials: From SARA ATRP to photo-ATRP. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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9
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Zaborniak I, Macior A, Chmielarz P, Smenda J, Wolski K. Hydrophobic modification of fir wood surface via low ppm ATRP strategy. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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Flejszar M, Chmielarz P, Smenda J, Wolski K. Following principles of green chemistry: Low ppm photo-ATRP of DMAEMA in water/ethanol mixture. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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11
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Zaborniak I, Macior A, Chmielarz P. Smart, Naturally-Derived Macromolecules for Controlled Drug Release. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071918. [PMID: 33805508 PMCID: PMC8037046 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of troxerutin-based macromolecules with ten poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) or poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) homopolymer side chains were synthesized by a supplemental activator and reducing agent atom transfer radical polymerization (SARA ATRP) approach. The prepared precisely-defined structures with low dispersity (Mw/Mn < 1.09 for PAA-based, and Mw/Mn < 1.71 for PDMAEMA-based macromolecules) exhibited pH-responsive behavior depending on the length of the polymer grafts. The properties of the received polyelectrolytes were investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurement to determine the hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential upon pH changes. Additionally, PDMAEMA-based polymers showed thermoresponsive properties and exhibited phase transfer at a lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Thanks to polyelectrolyte characteristics, the prepared polymers were investigated as smart materials for controlled release of quercetin. The influence of the length of the polymer grafts for the quercetin release profile was examined by UV–VIS spectroscopy. The results suggest the strong correlation between the length of the polymer chains and the efficiency of active substance release, thus, the adjustment of the composition of the macromolecules characterized by branched architecture can precisely control the properties of smart delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Zaborniak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Angelika Macior
- Doctoral School of Engineering and Technical Sciences at the Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 8, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Paweł Chmielarz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-17-865-1809
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12
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Zaborniak I, Macior A, Chmielarz P, Caceres Najarro M, Iruthayaraj J. Lignin-based thermoresponsive macromolecules via vitamin-induced metal-free ATRP. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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13
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Zaborniak I, Chmielarz P. Miniemulsion switchable electrolysis under constant current conditions. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Zaborniak
- Department of Physical Chemistry Rzeszow University of Technology Rzeszów Poland
| | - Paweł Chmielarz
- Department of Physical Chemistry Rzeszow University of Technology Rzeszów Poland
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14
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Flejszar M, Chmielarz P, Wolski K, Grześ G, Zapotoczny S. Polymer Brushes via Surface-Initiated Electrochemically Mediated ATRP: Role of a Sacrificial Initiator in Polymerization of Acrylates on Silicon Substrates. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13163559. [PMID: 32806681 PMCID: PMC7475859 DOI: 10.3390/ma13163559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Silicon wafers as semiconductors are essential components of integrated circuits in electronic devices. For this reason, modification of the silicon surface is an important factor in the manufacturing of new hybrid materials applied in micro- and nanoelectronics. Herein, copolymer brushes of hydrophilic poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA) and hydrophobic poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (PtBA) were grafted from silicon wafers via simplified electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (seATRP) according to a surface-initiated approach. The syntheses of PHEA-b-PtBA copolymers were carried out with diminished catalytic complex concentration (successively 25 and 6 ppm of Cu). In order to optimize the reaction condition, the effect of the addition of a supporting electrolyte was investigated. A controlled increase in PHEA brush thickness was confirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Various other parameters including contact angles and free surface energy (FSE) for the modified silicon wafer were presented. Furthermore, the effect of the presence of a sacrificial initiator in solution on the thickness of the grafted brushes was reported. Successfully fabricated inorganic–organic hybrid nanomaterials show potential application in biomedicine and microelectronics devices, e.g., biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Flejszar
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Paweł Chmielarz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-17-865-1809
| | - Karol Wolski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (K.W.); (G.G.); (S.Z.)
| | - Gabriela Grześ
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (K.W.); (G.G.); (S.Z.)
| | - Szczepan Zapotoczny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (K.W.); (G.G.); (S.Z.)
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15
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Surmacz K, Chmielarz P. Low Ppm Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization in (Mini)Emulsion Systems. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E1717. [PMID: 32268579 PMCID: PMC7178667 DOI: 10.3390/ma13071717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, unceasing interest in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has been noted, especially in aqueous dispersion systems. Emulsion or miniemulsion is a preferred environment for industrial polymerization due to easier heat dissipation and lower production costs associated with the use of water as a dispersant. The main purpose of this review is to summarize ATRP methods used in emulsion media with different variants of initiating systems. A comparison of a dual over single catalytic approache by interfacial and ion pair catalysis is presented. In addition, future development directions for these methods are suggested for better use in biomedical and electronics industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Surmacz
- Doctoral School of Engineering and Technical Sciences at the Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 8, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Paweł Chmielarz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
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16
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Sütekin SD, Güven O. Preparation of poly(
tert
‐butyl acrylate)‐poly(acrylic acid) amphiphilic copolymers via radiation‐induced
reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer
mediated polymerization of
tert
‐butyl acrylate. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Olgun Güven
- Department of ChemistryHacettepe University Ankara Turkey
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17
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Zaborniak I, Surmacz K, Flejszar M, Chmielarz P. Triple‐functional riboflavin‐based molecule for efficient atom transfer radical polymerization in miniemulsion media. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Zaborniak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryRzeszow University of Technology Rzeszów Poland
| | - Karolina Surmacz
- Doctoral School of Engineering and Technical SciencesRzeszów University of Technology Rzeszów Poland
| | - Monika Flejszar
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryRzeszow University of Technology Rzeszów Poland
| | - Paweł Chmielarz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryRzeszow University of Technology Rzeszów Poland
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18
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Carbonell C, Valles D, Wong AM, Carlini AS, Touve MA, Korpanty J, Gianneschi NC, Braunschweig AB. Polymer brush hypersurface photolithography. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1244. [PMID: 32144265 PMCID: PMC7060193 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14990-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer brush patterns have a central role in established and emerging research disciplines, from microarrays and smart surfaces to tissue engineering. The properties of these patterned surfaces are dependent on monomer composition, polymer height, and brush distribution across the surface. No current lithographic method, however, is capable of adjusting each of these variables independently and with micrometer-scale resolution. Here we report a technique termed Polymer Brush Hypersurface Photolithography, which produces polymeric pixels by combining a digital micromirror device (DMD), an air-free reaction chamber, and microfluidics to independently control monomer composition and polymer height of each pixel. The printer capabilities are demonstrated by preparing patterns from combinatorial polymer and block copolymer brushes. Images from polymeric pixels are created using the light reflected from a DMD to photochemically initiate atom-transfer radical polymerization from initiators immobilized on Si/SiO2 wafers. Patterning is combined with high-throughput analysis of grafted-from polymerization kinetics, accelerating reaction discovery, and optimization of polymer coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Carbonell
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Daniel Valles
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- PhD Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Alexa M Wong
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Andrea S Carlini
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Mollie A Touve
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Joanna Korpanty
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Adam B Braunschweig
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- PhD Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- PhD Program in Biochemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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19
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Flejszar M, Chmielarz P. Surface Modifications of Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) via Polymerization Methods-Current Status and Future Prospects. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E999. [PMID: 32102217 PMCID: PMC7078635 DOI: 10.3390/ma13040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Surface modification of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) aimed at applying it as a bone implant material aroused the unflagging interest of the research community. In view of the development of implantology and the growing demand for new biomaterials, increasing biocompatibility and improving osseointegration are becoming the primary goals of PEEK surface modifications. The main aim of this review is to summarize the use of polymerization methods and various monomers applied for surface modification of PEEK to increase its bioactivity, which is a critical factor for successful applications of biomedical materials. In addition, the future directions of PEEK surface modifications are suggested, pointing to low-ppm surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) as a method with unexplored capacity for flat surface modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paweł Chmielarz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
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20
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21
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Flejszar M, Chmielarz P. Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization for the Preparation of Well-Defined Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Nanomaterials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E3030. [PMID: 31540468 PMCID: PMC6766320 DOI: 10.3390/ma12183030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) is a powerful tool that allows for the synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrid nanomaterials with high potential applications in many disciplines. This review presents synthetic achievements and modifications of nanoparticles via SI-ATRP described in literature last decade. The work mainly focuses on the research development of silica, gold and iron polymer-grafted nanoparticles as well as nature-based materials like nanocellulose. Moreover, typical single examples of nanoparticles modification, i.e., ZnO, are presented. The organic-inorganic hybrid systems received according to the reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) approach with drastically reduced catalyst complex concentration indicate a wide range of applications of materials including biomedicine and microelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Flejszar
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Paweł Chmielarz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland.
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22
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Niu X, Li D, Chen Y, Ran F. Modification of a polyethersulfone membrane with a block copolymer brush of poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine-co-glycidyl methacrylate) and a branched polypeptide chain of Arg–Glu–Asp–Val. RSC Adv 2019; 9:25274-25284. [PMID: 35530106 PMCID: PMC9069878 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04234b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyethersulfone (PES) has good thermal stability, superior pH, chlorine tolerance, and excellent chemical resistance; however, the hydrophilicity and biocompatibility of PES need to be improved for its real applications. In this study, we report a surface modification method for the preparation of a functional PES membrane with hydrophilic polymer chains (MPC and GMA) via surface-initiated electrochemically-mediated atom-transfer radical polymerization (SI-eATRP) technology, and the Arg–Glu–Asp–Val polypeptide groups (REDV) were immobilized onto the modified membrane by a ring-opening reaction. XPS and SEM were used to analyze the chemical composition and morphology of the modified membrane surfaces, confirming that the hydrophilic polymer chains MPC and GMA and the polypeptide group REDV were successfully grafted onto the PES membrane surface. The static water contact angle decreased from 89° to 50–65°, and the hydrophilic property of the modified membrane was enhanced. The water flux increased from 4.29 L m−2 h−1 for the pristine PES membrane to 25 L m−2 h−1 for the modified membrane with PGMA chains grafted on it and REDV functional groups immobilized on it; note that the antifouling tests showed that all the modified membranes had the higher flux recovery ratio values (FRR) of above 80% than the pristine PES membrane (about 60%), and the APTT for the modified membrane increased from 46 s to 93 s, indicating that these modified membranes could be applied in the separation and blood purification fields. A block copolymer involving chains of poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine-co-glycidyl methacrylate) and Arg–Glu–Asp–Val was designed and used for modification of polymer membrane for applications in separation and blood purification field.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Niu
- College of Petrochemical Technology
- Lanzhou University of Technology
- Lanzhou 730050
- P. R. China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Lanzhou University of Technology
- Lanzhou 730050
- P. R. China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- College of Petrochemical Technology
- Lanzhou University of Technology
- Lanzhou 730050
- P. R. China
| | - Fen Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals
- Lanzhou University of Technology
- Lanzhou 730050
- P. R. China
- School of Material Science and Engineering
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23
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Pan X, Fantin M, Yuan F, Matyjaszewski K. Externally controlled atom transfer radical polymerization. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:5457-5490. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00259b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
ATRP can be externally controlled by electrical current, light, mechanical forces and various chemical reducing agents. The mechanistic aspects and preparation of polymers with complex functional architectures and their applications are critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangcheng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Marco Fantin
- Department of Chemistry
- Carnegie Mellon University
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Fang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
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Chmielarz P, Pacześniak T, Rydel-Ciszek K, Zaborniak I, Biedka P, Sobkowiak A. Synthesis of naturally-derived macromolecules through simplified electrochemically mediated ATRP. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:2466-2472. [PMID: 29234473 PMCID: PMC5704770 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The flavonoid-based macroinitiator was received for the first time by the transesterification reaction of quercetin with 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide. In accordance with the "grafting from" strategy, a naturally-occurring star-like polymer with a polar 3,3',4',5,6-pentahydroxyflavone core and hydrophobic poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (PtBA) side arms was synthesized via a simplified electrochemically mediated ATRP (seATRP), utilizing only 78 ppm by weight (wt) of a catalytic CuII complex. To demonstrate the possibility of temporal control, seATRP was carried out utilizing a multiple-step potential electrolysis. The rate of the polymerizations was well-controlled by applying optimal potential values during preparative electrolysis to prevent the possibility of intermolecular coupling of the growing polymer arms. This appears to be the first report using on-demand seATRP for the synthesis of QC-(PtBA-Br)5pseudo-star polymers. The naturally-derived macromolecules showed narrow MWDs (Đ = 1.08-1.11). 1H NMR spectral results confirm the formation of quercetin-based polymers. These new flavonoid-based polymer materials may find applications as antifouling coatings and drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Chmielarz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Tomasz Pacześniak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Rydel-Ciszek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Izabela Zaborniak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Paulina Biedka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Andrzej Sobkowiak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
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Chmielarz P, Fantin M, Park S, Isse AA, Gennaro A, Magenau AJ, Sobkowiak A, Matyjaszewski K. Electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (eATRP). Prog Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Chmielarz P, Yan J, Krys P, Wang Y, Wang Z, Bockstaller MR, Matyjaszewski K. Synthesis of Nanoparticle Copolymer Brushes via Surface-Initiated seATRP. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Chmielarz
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
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