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Besiri IN, Goudoulas TB, Fattahi E, Becker T. Experimental Advances in the Real-Time Recording of Cross-Linking Alginate In Situ Gelation: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2875. [PMID: 37447520 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate-based hydrogels are promising smart materials widely employed in the food, bioengineering, and energy sectors. The development and optimization of their production require a thorough knowledge of gelation. In recent years, advanced experimental procedures have been developed for real-time cross-linking alginate reaction monitoring. Novel methods, such as customized rheometric setups, enable the recording of mechanical properties and morphological changes during hydrogel formation. These innovative techniques provide important insights into the gelation stages, the reaction rate, the diffusion of cross-linker to polymer chains, and the homogeneity of the gelling structures. Based on real-time experimental data, kinetic models are developed to enhance comprehension of the reaction mechanism and, eventually, to predict the gelation progress. The aim is to enable better control of the characterization of both the complex gelation and the propagated structures. This review aspires to present a comprehensive overview and evaluation of the breakthrough innovations of the real-time in situ recording of cross-linking alginate hydrogels and bead formation. A detailed analysis of the pioneering experimental developments provides a deep comprehension of the alginate gelation, including the parameters controlling the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna N Besiri
- Research Group of Fluid Dynamics, Chair of Brewing and Beverage Technology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Steig 20, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas B Goudoulas
- Research Group of Fluid Dynamics, Chair of Brewing and Beverage Technology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Steig 20, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Ehsan Fattahi
- Research Group of Fluid Dynamics, Chair of Brewing and Beverage Technology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Steig 20, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Research Group of Fluid Dynamics, Chair of Brewing and Beverage Technology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Steig 20, 85354 Freising, Germany
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Khizer Z, Akram MR, Tahir MA, Liu W, Lou S, Conway BR, Ghori MU. Personalised 3D-Printed Mucoadhesive Gastroretentive Hydrophilic Matrices for Managing Overactive Bladder (OAB). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030372. [PMID: 36986471 PMCID: PMC10056888 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Overactive bladder (OAB) is a symptomatic complex condition characterised by frequent urinary urgency, nocturia, and urinary incontinence with or without urgency. Gabapentin is an effective treatment for OAB, but its narrow absorption window is a concern, as it is preferentially absorbed from the upper small intestine, resulting in poor bioavailability. We aimed to develop an extended release, intragastric floating system to overcome this drawback. For this purpose, plasticiser-free filaments of PEO (polyethylene oxide) and the drug (gabapentin) were developed using hot melt extrusion. The filaments were extruded successfully with 98% drug loading, possessed good mechanical properties, and successfully produced printed tablets using fused deposition modelling (FDM). Tablets were printed with varying shell numbers and infill density to investigate their floating capacity. Among the seven matrix tablet formulations, F2 (2 shells, 0% infill) showed the highest floating time, i.e., more than 10 h. The drug release rates fell as the infill density and shell number increased. However, F2 was the best performing formulation in terms of floating and release and was chosen for in vivo (pharmacokinetic) studies. The pharmacokinetic findings exhibit improved gabapentin absorption compared to the control (oral solution). Overall, it can be concluded that 3D printing technology is an easy-to-use approach which demonstrated its benefits in developing medicines based on a mucoadhesive gastroretentive strategy, improving the absorption of gabapentin with potential for the improved management of OAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zara Khizer
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Muhammad R. Akram
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Azam Tahir
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Khalid Mahmood Institute of Medical Sciences, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Weidong Liu
- School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Shan Lou
- School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Barbara R. Conway
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Muhammad Usman Ghori
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-1484-256950
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Hussain A, Mahmood F, Arshad MS, Abbas N, Qamar N, Mudassir J, Farhaj S, Nirwan JS, Ghori MU. Personalised 3D Printed Fast-Dissolving Tablets for Managing Hypertensive Crisis: In-Vitro/In-Vivo Studies. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3057. [PMID: 33419348 PMCID: PMC7765967 DOI: 10.3390/polym12123057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive crisis (HC) is an emergency health condition which requires an effective management strategy. Over the years, various researchers have developed captopril based fast-dissolving formulations to manage HC; however, primarily, the question of personalisation remains unaddressed. Moreover, commercially these formulations are available as in fixed-dose combinations or strengths, so the titration of dose according to patient's prerequisite is challenging to achieve. The recent emergence of 3D printing technologies has given pharmaceutical scientists a way forward to develop personalised medicines keeping in view patients individual needs. The current project, therefore, is aimed at addressing the limitations as mentioned above by developing fast-dissolving captopril tablets using 3D printing approach. Captopril unloaded (F1) and loaded (F2-F4) filaments were successfully produced with an acceptable drug loading and mechanical properties. Various captopril formulations (F2-F4) were successfully printed using fused deposition modelling technique. The results revealed that the formulations (F2 and F3) containing superdisintegrant had a faster extent of dissolution and in-vivo findings were endorsing these results. The present study has successfully exhibited the utilisation of additive manufacturing approach to mend the gap of personalisation and manufacturing fast-dissolving captopril 3D printed tablets. The procedure adopted in the present study may be used for the development of fused deposition modelling (FDM) based fast-dissolving 3D printed tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Hussain
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (F.M.); (N.A.); (N.Q.)
| | - Faisal Mahmood
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (F.M.); (N.A.); (N.Q.)
| | - Muhammad Sohail Arshad
- Department of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (M.S.A.); (J.M.)
| | - Nasir Abbas
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (F.M.); (N.A.); (N.Q.)
| | - Nadia Qamar
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (F.M.); (N.A.); (N.Q.)
| | - Jahanzeb Mudassir
- Department of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (M.S.A.); (J.M.)
| | - Samia Farhaj
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK; (S.F.); (J.S.N.)
| | - Jorabar Singh Nirwan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK; (S.F.); (J.S.N.)
| | - Muhammad Usman Ghori
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK; (S.F.); (J.S.N.)
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Park SJ, Akimoto J, Sakakibara N, Kobatake E, Ito Y. Thermally Induced Switch of Coupling Reaction Using the Morphological Change of a Thermoresponsive Polymer on a Reactive Heteroarmed Nanoparticle. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:49165-49173. [PMID: 32991144 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Control of the cross-linking reaction is imperative when developing a sophisticated in situ forming hydrogel in the body. In this study, a heteroarmed thermoresponsive (TR) nanoparticle was designed to investigate the mechanism of controlling reactivity of the functional groups introduced into the nanoparticles. The coupling reaction was suppressed/proceeded by utilizing temperature-induced morphological changes of the TR polymer. The heteroarmed TR nanoparticle was prepared by the coassembly of amphiphilic block copolymers possessing both a TR segment and hydrophilic segment with reactive functional groups of succinimide. The longer TR chain on the nanoparticle covered the succinimide group and suppressed the reaction with the primary amine on the external nanoparticle. In contrast, the coupling reaction was promoted at a high temperature to create the chemical cross-linking structure between the nanoparticles because of the exposure of the succinimide group on the surface of the particle as a consequence of the morphological change of the TR polymer. In addition, the thermally controlled chemical reaction modulated initiation of the gelation using a highly concentrated nanoparticle solution. The heteroarmed TR nanoparticle offers great practical advantages for clinical uses, such as embolization agents, through precise control of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Jung Park
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Jun Akimoto
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Naoki Sakakibara
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Edogawa Hospital, 2-24-18 Higashikoiwa, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 133-0052. Japan
| | - Eiry Kobatake
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Custom-made rheological setup for in situ real-time fast alginate-Ca 2+ gelation. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 246:116615. [PMID: 32747255 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the in situ gelation of the alginate-Ca2+ system due to its remarkable applications. In this work, we record and evaluate the fast gelation kinetics of alginate-Ca2+ using a custom-made rheometric setup. This enables us to inject CaCl2 into the alginate while we perform the rheological measurements. We successfully measure the in situ gelation reaction from the early stages. As the alginate concentration is increased up to 3 wt.%, we observe a systematic increase of the elastic modulus, G'. Similarly, higher concentrations and injected volumes of CaCl2 increase the magnitude and initial growth rate of G'. At longer times, the growth rate of G' is lower. It decreases further very slowly, indicating that the chemical reaction requires quite a considerable amount of time to be completed. Finally, from the rheometric data, we estimate the average rates of the elastic modulus during the initial and quasi-steady-state stages.
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Senjoti F, Ghori M, Diryak R, Conway B, Morris G, Smith A. Rheo-dissolution: A new platform for the simultaneous measurement of rheology and drug release. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 229:115541. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bertasa M, Dodero A, Alloisio M, Vicini S, Riedo C, Sansonetti A, Scalarone D, Castellano M. Agar gel strength: A correlation study between chemical composition and rheological properties. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Noreen S, Ghumman SA, Batool F, Ijaz B, Basharat M, Noureen S, Kausar T, Iqbal S. Terminalia arjuna gum/alginate in situ gel system with prolonged retention time for ophthalmic drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 152:1056-1067. [PMID: 31751751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Poor availability is the major barrier to accept the new smart gel system as a preferred ophthalmic solution for various eye problems. Smart gel system especially derived from natural source allows the rapid transition of ocular solution into gel form upon contact to tear solution. The present experimental scheme was intended to prepare and characterize a pH triggered in situ gelling system using moxifloxacin HCl (MOX-HCl). Gum was extracted from Terminalia arjuna bark resin and used as gelling agent in blend with sodium alginate. Sterilized formulations were developed and characterized for their physicochemical attributes. These were further investigated for microbiological testing and eye irritation studies. Drug loaded in situ gel was appeared as clear sol that converted into gel phase in presence of tear solution. Optimized formulation was stable, therapeutically efficacious, non-irritant and has a sustained release of the drug for twelve hours period. Instillation of MOX-HCl loaded in situ gel did not cause any type of irritation symptoms like redness, inflammation and excessive tear production in rabbits as compared to control. MOX-HCl loaded in situ gel can be appraised as a substitute for conventional eye drops for extended precorneal retention, improved corneal permeability along with better ocular bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobia Noreen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Fozia Batool
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Ijaz
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Basharat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Noureen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Tusneem Kausar
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
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Khizer Z, Akram MR, Sarfraz RM, Nirwan JS, Farhaj S, Yousaf M, Hussain T, Lou S, Timmins P, Conway BR, Ghori MU. Plasticiser-Free 3D Printed Hydrophilic Matrices: Quantitative 3D Surface Texture, Mechanical, Swelling, Erosion, Drug Release and Pharmacokinetic Studies. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1095. [PMID: 31261678 PMCID: PMC6680934 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, HPMC, a hydrophilic polymer, is widely used for the development of extended release hydrophilic matrices and it is also considered as a good contender for the fabrication of 3D printing of matrix tablets. It is often combined with plasticisers to enable extrusion. The aim of the current project was to develop plasticizer-free 3D printed hydrophilic matrices using drug loaded filaments prepared via HME to achieve an in vitro (swelling, erosion and drug release) and in vivo (drug absorption) performance which is analogous to hydrophilic matrix tablets developed through conventional approaches. Additionally, the morphology of the printed tablets was studied using quantitative 3D surface texture studies and the porosity calculated. Filaments were produced successfully and used to produce matrix tablets with acceptable drug loading (95-105%), mechanical and surface texture properties regardless of the employed HPMC grade. The viscosity of HPMC had a discernible impact on the swelling, erosion, HPMC dissolution, drug release and pharmacokinetic findings. The highest viscosity grade (K100M) results in higher degree of swelling, decreased HPMC dissolution, low matrix erosion, decreased drug release and extended drug absorption profile. Overall, this study demonstrated that the drug loaded (glipizide) filaments and matrix tablets of medium to high viscosity grades of HPMC, without the aid of plasticisers, can be successfully prepared. Furthermore, the in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed the successful fabrication of extended release matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zara Khizer
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Muhammad R Akram
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Rai M Sarfraz
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Jorabar Singh Nirwan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Samia Farhaj
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Maria Yousaf
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Tariq Hussain
- System Engineering Department, Military Technological College, Muscat 111, Oman
- The Wolfson Centre for Bulk Solid Handling Technology, University of Greenwich, London SE10 9LS, UK
| | - Shan Lou
- School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Peter Timmins
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Barbara R Conway
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Muhammad Usman Ghori
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK.
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