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Grijalvo S, Rodriguez-Abreu C. Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 14:339-350. [PMID: 36959976 PMCID: PMC10028572 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.14.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The formulation of nanoemulsions by low-energy strategies, particularly by the phase inversion composition method, and the use of these nanoemulsions as templates for the preparation of polymer nanoparticles for biomedical applications are reviewed. The methods of preparation, nature of the components in the formulation, and their impact on the physicochemical properties, drug loading, and drug release are discussed. We highlight the utilization of ethyl cellulose, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), and polyurethane/polyurea in the field of nanomedicine as potential drug delivery systems. Advances are still needed to achieve better control over size distribution, nanoparticle concentration, surface functionalization, and the type of polymers that can be processed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu
- CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, Jordi Girona 18–26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Quimica Avanzada de Cataluña (IQAC), CSIC, Jordi Girona 18–26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Banasaz S, Morozova K, Ferrentino G, Scampicchio M. Encapsulation of Lipid-Soluble Bioactives by Nanoemulsions. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173966. [PMID: 32878137 PMCID: PMC7504786 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid-soluble bioactives are important nutrients in foods. However, their addition in food formulations, is often limited by limited solubility and high tendency for oxidation. Lipid-soluble bioactives, such as vitamins A, E, D and K, carotenoids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and essential oils are generally dispersed in water-based solutions by homogenization. Among the different homogenization technologies available, nanoemulsions are one of the most promising. Accordingly, this review aims to summarize the most recent advances in nanoemulsion technology for the encapsulation of lipid-soluble bioactives. Modern approaches for producing nanoemulsion systems will be discussed. In addition, the challenges on the encapsulation of common food ingredients, including the physical and chemical stability of the nanoemulsion systems, will be also critically examined.
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Cinnamon oil nanoemulsions by spontaneous emulsification: Formulation, characterization and antimicrobial activity. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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4
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Synthesis of magnesium chloride nanoparticles by the water/oil nanoemulsion evaporation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Preparation of latex nanoparticles using nanoemulsions obtained by the phase inversion composition (PIC) method and their application in textile printing. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Park H, Han DW, Kim JW. Highly stable phase change material emulsions fabricated by interfacial assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers during phase inversion. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:2649-2654. [PMID: 25674921 DOI: 10.1021/la504424u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study introduced a robust and promising approach to fabricate highly stable phase change material (PCM) emulsions consisting of n-tetradecane as a dispersed phase and a mixture of meso-2,3-butanediol (m-BDO) and water as a continuous phase. We showed that amphiphilic poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) block copolymers assembled to form a flexible but tough polymer membrane at the interface during phase inversion from water-in-oil emulsion to oil-in-water emulsion, thus remarkably improving the emulsion stability. Although the incorporation of m-BDO into the emulsion lowered the phase changing enthalpy, it provided a useful means to elevate the melting temperature of the emulsions near to 15 °C. Interestingly, supercooling was commonly observed in our PCM emulsions. We attributed this to the fact that the PCM molecules confined in submicron-scale droplets could not effectively nucleate to grow molecular crystals. Moreover, the presence of m-BDO in the continuous phase rather dominated the heat emission of the emulsion system during freezing, which made the supercooling more favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanhee Park
- Department of Applied Chemistry and ‡Department of Bionano Technology, Hanyang University , Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
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Shin K, Kim JW, Park H, Choi HS, Chae PS, Nam YS, Kim JW. Fabrication and stabilization of nanoscale emulsions by formation of a thin polymer membrane at the oil–water interface. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03872c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extremely stable O/W nanoemulsions are fabricated by effective assembly of an amphiphilic PEO-b-PCL copolymer at the oil–water interface during phase inversion, which favors formation of a thin PEO-b-PCL film at the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyounghee Shin
- Department of Bionano Technology
- Hanyang University
- Ansan
- Republic of Korea
- R&D Center
| | - Jeong Won Kim
- Department of Bionano Technology
- Hanyang University
- Ansan
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hanhee Park
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Hanyang University
- Ansan
- Republic of Korea
| | | | - Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionano Technology
- Hanyang University
- Ansan
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sung Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woong Kim
- Department of Bionano Technology
- Hanyang University
- Ansan
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Chemistry
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi GOHTANI
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University
| | - Waraporn PRASERT
- Department of Food Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Ehime University
- Institute of Food Research and Product Development, Kasetsart University
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Xin X, Zhang H, Xu G, Tan Y, Zhang J, Lv X. Influence of CTAB and SDS on the properties of oil-in-water nano-emulsion with paraffin and span 20/Tween 20. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Maali A, Mosavian MTH. Preparation and Application of Nanoemulsions in the Last Decade (2000–2010). J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2011.648498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Miniemulsion polymerization based on in situ surfactant formation without high-energy homogenization: effects of organic acid and counter ion. Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2012.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Cheng S, Ting SRS, Lucien FP, Zetterlund PB. Size-Tunable Nanoparticle Synthesis by RAFT Polymerization in CO2-Induced Miniemulsions. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202744f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siqing Cheng
- Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School
of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - S. R. Simon Ting
- Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School
of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Frank P. Lucien
- Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School
of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Per B. Zetterlund
- Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School
of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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n-Butyl cyanoacrylate miniemulsion polymerization via the phase inversion composition method. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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McClements DJ, Rao J. Food-grade nanoemulsions: formulation, fabrication, properties, performance, biological fate, and potential toxicity. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2011; 51:285-330. [PMID: 21432697 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.559558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 843] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanoemulsions fabricated from food-grade ingredients are being increasingly utilized in the food industry to encapsulate, protect, and deliver lipophilic functional components, such as biologically-active lipids (e.g., ω-3 fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid) and oil-soluble flavors, vitamins, preservatives, and nutraceuticals. The small size of the particles in nanoemulsions (r<100 nm) means that they have a number of potential advantages over conventional emulsions-higher stability to droplet aggregation and gravitational separation, high optical clarity, ability to modulate product texture, and, increased bioavailability of lipophilic components. On the other hand, there may also be some risks associated with the oral ingestion of nanoemulsions, such as their ability to change the biological fate of bioactive components within the gastrointestinal tract and the potential toxicity of some of the components used in their fabrication. This review article provides an overview of the current status of nanoemulsion formulation, fabrication, properties, applications, biological fate, and potential toxicity with emphasis on systems suitable for utilization within the food and beverage industry.
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Guo Y, Zetterlund PB. Synthesis of Nanosized (<20 nm) Polymer Particles by Radical Polymerization in Miniemulsion Employing in situ Surfactant Formation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2011; 32:1669-75. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Grazon C, Rieger J, Méallet-Renault R, Clavier G, Charleux B. One-pot synthesis of pegylated fluorescent nanoparticles by RAFT miniemulsion polymerization using a phase inversion process. Macromol Rapid Commun 2011; 32:699-705. [PMID: 21491536 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble and fluorescent core-shell nanoparticles (FNP) are synthesized in a miniemulsion reversible addition-fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization and are shown to respond to pH. The particles are obtained from a hydrophilic PEO-b-PAA macromolecular RAFT agent which is block-extended with styrene and a fluorescent BODIPY monomer. A miniemulsion is then formed with the residual hydrophobic monomers. After completion of the polymerization, FNP of ≈ 60 nm in diameter are obtained. The fluorescence of the BODIPY dye in the particles is found to remain (0.2 quantum yield). The particles can be precipitated in acidic pH and redispersed upon addition of base without loss of their integrity or noticeable rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Grazon
- PPSM, ENS Cachan, CNRS, UniverSud, 61 av President Wilson, Cachan, France
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Ting SRS, Min EH, Zetterlund PB. Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization in Miniemulsion Based on In Situ Surfactant Generation. Aust J Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1071/ch11123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of styrene has been implemented in aqueous miniemulsion based on the in situ surfactant generation approach using oleic acid and potassium hydroxide in the absence of high energy mixing. The best results were obtained using the RAFT agent 3-benzylsulfanyl thiocarbonyl sufanylpropionic acid (BSPAC), most likely as a result of the presence of a carboxylic acid functionality in the RAFT agent that renders it surface active and thus imparts increased colloidal stability. Stable final miniemulsions were obtained with no coagulum with particle diameters less than 200 nm. The results demonstrate that the RAFT miniemulsion polymerization of styrene employing the low energy in situ surfactant method is challenging, but that a system that proceeds predominantly by a miniemulsion mechanism can be achieved under carefully selected conditions.
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Galindo-Alvarez J, Boyd D, Marchal P, Tribet C, Perrin P, Marie-Bégué E, Durand A, Sadtler V. Miniemulsion polymerization templates: A systematic comparison between low energy emulsification (Near-PIT) and ultrasound emulsification methods. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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